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SarahBarmak_2016X-_女人的「性」是什么？真相一点也不复杂_
In our culture we tend to see sex as something that's more important to men than it is to women. 在我们的文化中,我们倾向会认为 性对于男人的重要性高于女人。
But that's not true. 但实情并非如此。
What is true is that women often feel more shame in talking about it. 实情是,女人对于谈论性议题 比较会感到羞耻。
Over half of women quietly suffer from some kind of sexual dysfunction . 有超过一半的女人默默地 承受着某种性功能障碍。
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; dysfunction:n.功能紊乱;机能障碍;官能不良;vi.功能失调;出现机能障碍;垮掉;
We've been hearing more about the orgasm gap . 我们听过很多关于 性别高潮差异的事。
orgasm:n.[生理]性高潮;极度兴奋; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开;
It's kind of like the wage gap but stickier ... 它就有点像是性别薪资差异, 只是比较黏一点……
wage:v.发动;n.(通常指按周领的)工资;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Straight women tend to reach climax less than 60 percent of the time they have sex. 异性恋女人在做爱的时候, 会达到高潮的机率不到六成。
climax:n.(重要事情或时刻的)高潮,顶点; v.达成(或形成)极点(或顶点、高潮);
Men reach climax 90 percent of the time they have sex. 男人在做爱的时候 有九成的可能会达到高潮。
To address these issues , women have been sold flawed medication , testosterone creams ... 为了处理这类问题, 女人会被推销瑕疵的药物、 睾丸激素霜……
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) flawed:adj.有缺陷的;有瑕疵的;有裂纹的; medication:n.药;药物; testosterone:n.[生化]睾酮,睾丸素(男性荷尔蒙的一种);
even untested genital injections . 甚至没受过测试的生殖器注射。
untested:adj.未经检验的;[试验]未试验的; genital:adj.生殖的;生殖器的;n.生殖器;外阴部; injections:n.注射(injection的复数);注射剂;注射室;
The thing is, female sexuality can't be fixed with a pill . 重点是,女性的性事 不用能药物治疗。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; sexuality:n.[胚]性别;性欲;性征;性方面的事情(比如性行为或性能力); pill:n.[医]药丸;药品;
That's because it's not broken: it's misunderstood . 因为它没有坏掉: 它是被误解了。
misunderstood:adj.被误解的;v.误解,误会(misunderstand的过去式);
Our culture has had a skewed and medically incorrect picture of female sexuality going back centuries. 我们的文化对于女性性事的印象 很偏颇,且在医学上并不正确, 可追溯到几世纪前。
skewed:adj.歪斜的;曲解的; medically:adv.医学上地;医药上地;
If over half of women have some kind of sexual problem, maybe our idea of sexuality doesn't work for women. 如果超过一半的女人 有某种性问题, 也许我们对于性事的想法 对女人是行不通的。
We need a clearer understanding of how women actually work. 我们需要更清楚了解 女人是怎么运作的。
I'm a journalist , and I recently wrote a book about how our understanding of female sexuality is evolving . 我是记者,最近我写了一本书, 内容是关于我们对于女性 性事的了解如何演进。
journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; recently:adv.最近;新近; evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词)
So sexuality itself was defined back when men dominated science. 性事被定义的时期, 是科学还是由男人主宰的时期。
defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词)
Male scientists tended to see the female body through their own skewed lens . 男性科学家通常会用 有偏见的滤镜来看女性的身体。
lens:n.透镜,镜头;晶状体;隐形眼镜;汽车的灯玻璃;v.给…摄影;
They could've just asked women about their experience. 他们大可直接向女人 询问她们的感受。
Instead they probed the female body like it was a foreign landscape . 但,他们却把女性身体 当作陌生地景来探索。
probed:探测;探索(probe的过去式和过去分词); landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
Even today we debate the existence of female ejaculation and the G-spot like we're talking about aliens or UFOs. 即使是现今,我们在讨论 女性潮吹和 G 点的存在时, 也彷佛在讨论外星人或幽浮一样。
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; ejaculation:n.[生理]射精;突然说出;
'"Are they really out there?" 「它们真的存在吗？」
(Laughter) （笑声）
All this goes double for LGBTQI women's sexuality, which has been hated and erased in specific ways. 对于 LGBTQI 女人的性事, 这状况更是加倍。 她们的性事一直被痛恨, 且用特定的方式抹煞。
erased:v.清除;消除;消灭;擦掉,抹掉(erase的过去分词和过去式) specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药;
Ignorance about the female body goes back centuries. 对于女性身体的无知, 可追溯到几世纪以前。
Ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂;
It goes back to the beginning of modern medicine. 要回到现代医学的开端。
Cast your mind back to the 16th century, a time of scientific revolution in Europe. 把你的大脑带回十六世纪, 当时在欧洲正在发生科学革命。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
Men of ideas were challenging old dogmas . 有想法的人在挑战老式的教条。
dogmas:n.教条(定理;武断的意见);
They were building telescopes to gaze up at the stars. 他们打造了望远镜来看星星。
telescopes:n.望远镜; v.套叠; (telescope的第三人称单数) gaze:v.凝视;注视;盯着;n.凝视;注视;
We were making progress ... 我们在进步……
sometimes. 有时候。
You see, the fathers of anatomy -- and I say "fathers" because, let's face it, they were all dudes -- were poking about between women's legs and trying to classify what they saw. 解剖学之父—— 我说「之父」是因为, 面对现实吧,他们都是男的—— 在戳弄女人的两腿之间, 试图将他们的所见给归类。
anatomy:n.解剖;解剖学;剖析;解析; dudes:花花公子;纨绔子弟;哥们(dude的名词复数); poking:v.捅;推;戳;探;露出;伸出;探出;(poke的现在分词) classify:vt.分类;分等;
They weren't quite sure what to do with the clitoris . 他们不太确定该拿阴蒂如何是好。
clitoris:n.[解剖]阴蒂;阴核;
It didn't appear to have anything to do with making babies. 它显然和生孩子没关系。
The leading anatomist at the time declared that it was probably some kind of abnormal growth -- 当时带头的解剖学家宣称 阴蒂可能是某种异常的生长——
anatomist:n.解剖学家;剖析者; abnormal:adj.反常的,不规则的;变态的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
and that any woman who had one was probably a hermaphrodite . 且有阴蒂的女人很可能是阴阳人。
hermaphrodite:n.[动]雌雄同体;阴阳人;两性体;[植]雌雄同株;adj.[动]雌雄同体的;
It got so bad that parents would sometimes have their daughter's clitoris cut off if it was deemed too large. 状况糟到有些父母会把 他们女儿过大的阴蒂切除。
deemed:v.认为;视为;相信;(deem的过去分词和过去式)
That's right. 没错。
Something we think of today as female genital mutilation was practiced in the West as late as the 20th century. 现今我们称为是女性 生殖器截除的行为, 在西方,一直到二十世纪 都还有人在实行。
mutilation:n.毁损;残缺;切断;
You have to wonder: if they were that confused about women's bodies, why didn't they just ask women for a little help? 你不得不纳闷: 如果他们对女人的身体 感到如此困惑, 他们为什么不向女人求助？
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
But you must be thinking, "All that was history. 但,你一定在想: 「那都是过去事了。
It's a different world now. 现在的世界不一样了。
Women have everything. 女人什么都有。
They have the birth control pill, they have sexting and Tinder and vajazzling." 她们有避孕药丸, 她们会发送性爱讯息、 用约会软体、在私密处穿环。」
birth control:adj.节育的;避孕的; sexting:n.色情短信; Tinder:n.火绒;易燃物;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Things must be better now. 现在状况一定比较好了。
But medical ignorance of the female body continues. 但,医学上对于女性身体的 无知仍然持续存在。
How many of you recognize this? 在座有谁知道这是什么？
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
It's the full structure of the clitoris. 这是阴蒂的完整结构。
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
We think of the clitoris as this little pea-sized nub, but actually it extends deep into the body. 我们认为阴蒂是 豌豆大小的突起物, 但其实它向内延伸到身体内部。
extends:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;使延期;(extend的第三人称单数)
Most of it lies under the skin. 它的很大一部分都藏在皮肤底下。
It contains almost as much erectile tissue as the penis . 它所包含的勃起组织 几乎和阴茎一样多。
erectile:adj.勃起的;[昆]可使直立的; tissue:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织; penis:n.阴茎;
It's beautiful, isn't it? 它很美,对吧？
It looks a little like a swan . 它看起来有点像是天鹅。
swan:n.天鹅;天鹅星座;vi.游荡,闲荡;
(Laughter) （笑声）
This sculpture is by an artist named Sophia Wallace as part of her "Cliteracy" project. 这个雕塑是艺术家 索菲亚华莱士的作品, 这是她的「阴蒂知识能力」 计画的一部分。
sculpture:n.雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀;vt.雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀;vi.从事雕刻;
(Laughter) （笑声）
She believes we need more "cliteracy," 她相信我们需要更多 「阴蒂知识能力」,
and it's true, considering that this structure was only fully 3-D mapped by researchers in 2009. 这是真的,想想看, 一直到 2009 年 才有科学家把阴蒂结构 对映制成完全的 3D 图。
That was after we finished mapping the entire human genome . 在那之前我们都已经把所有 人类基因组对映制成 3D 图了。
genome:n.基因组;染色体组;
(Laughter) （笑声）
This ignorance has real-life consequences . 这种无知,在现实生活中 是会造成后果的。
real-life:adj.现实的;实在的; consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
In a medical journal in 2005, 在 2005 年的一本医学期刊中,
Dr. Helen O'Connell, a urologist , warned her colleagues that this structure was still nowhere to be found in basic medical journals -- textbooks like "Gray's Anatomy." 泌尿科医生海伦奥康内尔 警告她的同事, 在基础的医学期刊中 都还找不到这个结构—— 像《格雷氏解剖学》等教科书。
urologist:n.[泌尿]泌尿科医师; colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的; journals:n.学术期刊(journal的复数);日记;日记账;
This could have serious consequences for surgery . 对于手术来说, 可能会有严重的后果。
surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
Take this in. 想想这一点。
Gentlemen: imagine if you were at risk of losing your penis because doctors weren't totally sure where it was or what it looked like. 男士们: 想像你有失去阴茎的风险, 因为医生不能完全 肯定阴茎在哪里, 或它看起来是什么样子的。
Unsurprisingly , many women aren't too clear on their own genital anatomy either. 不意外, 许多女人对于她们自己的 生殖器解剖学也不怎么。
Unsurprisingly:adv.不出所料的;不出奇的;意料中的;
You can't really blame them. 也不能怪她们。
The clitoris is often missing from many sex-ed diagrams, too. 在许多性教育的图上 也都少了阴蒂。
sex-ed:青少年性教育;
Women can sense that their culture views their bodies with confusion at best, outright disdain and disgust at worst. 女人可以感受到, 在最好的情况下, 在最糟的情况下, 则是带着蔑视和憎恶。
confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘; outright:v.全部地; adj.完全的,彻底的; disdain:n.蔑视;vt.鄙弃; disgust:n.厌恶;反感;憎恶;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;
Many women still view their own genitals as dirty or inadequate . 许多女人仍然认为自己的 生殖器是骯脏、不够好的。
genitals:n.生殖器;外阴部; inadequate:adj.不充分的,不适当的;
They're increasingly comparing their vulvas with the neat and tiny ones they see in pornography . 越来越多女人会将 她们自己的外阴拿来 和色情片里工整 又小的外阴做比较。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; comparing:v.比较;对比;(compare的现在分词) neat:adj.整洁的;整齐的;有序的;有条理的; pornography:n.淫秽作品;色情书刊(或音像制品等)
It's one reason why labiaplasty is becoming a skyrocketing business among women and teen girls. 这就是为什么阴唇整形手术在女人 和青少女之间变得非常热门。
skyrocketing:n.价格飞涨;突涨,飞升;v.火箭式地上升;鲁莽行事(skyrocket的ing形式);
Some people feel that all this is a trivial issue. 有些人觉得这些 都是不重要的议题。
trivial:adj.不重要的,琐碎的;琐细的;
I was writing my book when I was at a dinner party and someone said, "Isn't sexuality a first-world problem? 我在一场晚餐聚会上在写我的书, 有人说:「性功能不是 第一世界的问题吗？
dinner party:晚宴;
Aren't women dealing with more important issues all over the world?" 全世界的女人不是要处理 其它更重要的议题吗？」
Of course they are. 当然,她们要。
But I think the impulse to trivialize sex is part of our problem. 但,我认为,我们有一部分的问题 就是我们有轻视性议题的念头。
impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动; trivialize:vt.使平凡;使琐碎;
We live in a culture that seems obsessed with sex. 我们所处的文化似乎对性很迷恋。
obsessed:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;(obsess的过去式和过去分词)
We use it to sell everything. 我们会利用「性」销售每样产品。
We tell women that looking sexy is one of the most important things you can do. 我们告诉女人, 妳能做的最重要的事之一 就是让自己看起来很性感。
But what we really do is we belittle sex. 但,我们在做的其实是在贬低性。
belittle:vt.轻视;贬低;使相形见小;
We reduce it to a sad shadow of what it truly is. 我们把它降级成 真相旁边的悲伤影子。
Sex is more than just an act. 性不只是一种行为。
I spoke with Dr. Lori Brotto, a psychologist who treats sexual issues in women, including survivors of trauma . 我和洛瑞布罗托医生谈过, 她是治疗女性 性问题的精神科医师, 也治疗创伤后的幸存者。
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; treats:v.以…态度对待; n.乐事; trauma:n.[外科]创伤(由心理创伤造成精神上的异常);外伤;
She says the hundreds of women she sees all tend to repeat the same thing. 她说,她看过的数百名女人 都倾向有同一种状况。
They say, "I don't feel whole." 她们说:「我觉得自己不完整。」
They feel they've lost a connection with their partners and themselves. 她们觉得她们已经失去 和另一半以及自己的连结。
So what is sex? 所以,性是什么？
We've traditionally defined the act of sex as a linear , goal-oriented process . 传统上,我们将性的行为定义为 一个目标导向的线性过程。
traditionally:adv.传统上;习惯上;传说上; linear:adj.线的,线型的;直线的,线状的;长度的; goal-oriented:adj.[计]面向目标的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
It's something that starts with lust , continues to heavy petting and finishes with a happy ending. 这个过程始于性欲, 接着是大量的爱抚动作, 最后是快乐的结尾。
lust:n.性欲;强烈的欲望;vi.贪求,渴望; heavy petting:n.性爱抚;
Except many women don't experience it this way. 只是,许多女人的体验 并不是这样的。
It's less linear for them and more circular . 对女人来说,这个过程 比较像是个圆圈而非线性。
circular:adj.圆形的; n.(同时送达很多人的)印刷信函(或通知、广告);
This is a new model of women's arousal and desire developed by Dr. Rosemary Basson. 这是一个描述女性 冲动和欲望的新模型, 是由萝丝玛莉贝森 博士发展出来的。
arousal:n.觉醒;激励; Rosemary:n.[植]迷迭香;
It says many things, including that women can begin an encounter for many different reasons that aren't desire, like curiosity . 它表述了许多东西,包括: 女人开始一段邂逅的 理由可能有很多, 理由不只是欲望, 比如好奇心也是。
encounter:v.遭遇,邂逅;遇到;n.遭遇,偶然碰见; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
They can finish with a climax or multiple climaxes , or satisfaction without a climax at all. 她们的结尾可能是单一高潮 或是有满足感却完全没有高潮。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; climaxes:n.高潮;顶点;层进法;极点; satisfaction:n.满意,满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪;
All options are normal. 所有这些选项都很正常。
options:n.选择; v.得到或获准进行选择; (option的三单形式)
Some people are starting to champion a richer definition of sexuality. 有些人开始支持给性事 一个更丰富的定义。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
Whether you identify as male, female or neither gender , sex is about our relationship to the senses. 不论你认同的性别 是男性、女性,或都不是, 性的重点是我们和感受的关系。
identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现: gender:n.性别;
It's about slowing down, listening to the body, coming into the present moment. 重点是要慢下步调, 倾听身体的声音, 真正地处在当下。
It's about our whole health and well-being . 重点是我们的整个健康和幸福。
well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
In other words, sex at its true breadth isn't profane , it's sacred. 换言之, 真正有广度的性并不是亵渎, 它是神圣的。
breadth:n.宽度;(知识、兴趣等)广泛; profane:adj.亵渎的;世俗的;异教的;vt.亵渎;玷污;
That's one reason why women are redefining their sexuality today. 这就是现今女人要重新定义 她们的性行为的理由之一。
redefining:v.改变…的本质(或界限);重新定义;使重新考虑;(redefine的现在分词)
They're asking: What is sex for me? 她们会问:「性 对我来说是什么？」
So they're experimenting with practices that are less about the happy ending -- more about feeling whole. 所以,她们在实验一些做法, 重点不是放在快乐的结尾—— 而是着重于感觉到完整。
So they're trying out spiritual sex classes, masturbation workshops -- even shooting their own porn that celebrates the diversity of real bodies. 她们在尝试灵性的性课程, 手淫研讨会—— 甚至拍摄她们自己的色情片, 来赞颂真实身体的多样性。
spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; masturbation:n.手淫; workshops:n.工作坊,[工业]车间;研习会,讲习班(workshop的复数形式); diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
For anyone who still feels this is a trivial issue, consider this: understanding your body is crucial to the huge issue of sex education and consent . 如果你仍然觉得这是 不重要的议题,想想这一点: 对于「性教育和同意」 这个大议题, 了解你的身体是很重要的。
crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的; consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成;
By deeply, intimately knowing what kind of touch feels right, what pressure, what speed, what context , you can better know what kind of touch feels wrong and have the confidence to say so. 藉由深刻、亲密地去认识 什么样的触感才是对的, 什么压力、什么速度、什么情境, 你才能更理解什么样的触碰感是错的, 并有自信地说出来。
intimately:adv.熟悉地;亲切地;私下地; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
This isn't ultimately about women having more or better sex. 这最终的目的并不是 让女人有更多或更好的性。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
It's not about making sure women have as many orgasms as men. 也不是要确保女人 和男人有一样多的高潮。
orgasms:n.[生理]性高潮;极度兴奋;v.达到性高潮;(orgasm的第三人称单数和复数)
It's about accepting yourself and your own unique experience. 重点在于接受你自己
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
It's about you being the expert on your body. 重点在于你是了解 自己身体的专家。
It's about defining pleasure and satisfaction on your terms. 重点在于用你自己的语言 来定义愉悦和满足。
And if that means you're happiest having no sex at all, that's perfect, too. 就算完全没有性生活 对你来说才是最快乐的, 那也非常好。
If we define sex as part of our whole health and well-being, then empowering women and girls to fully own it is a crucial next step toward equality. 如果我们把性定义为我们 整体健康和幸福的一部分, 那么就让女人和女孩, 能完全自主拥有这类的健康和幸福, 这是通往平等的关键下一步。
empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
And I think it would be a better world not just for women but for everyone. 我认为,这会是个更好的世界, 不只是对女人而言, 对所有人皆是如此。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）