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SanguDelle_2014G-_从宏观_—_没错是宏观_—_的角度解决非洲金融问题_
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| Traditional prescriptions for growth in Africa are not working very well. |
传统的经济增长手段在非洲并非那么管用。 |
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Traditional:传统的,惯例的, prescriptions:n.医药处方,[医]药方(prescription复数形式);
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| After one trillion dollars in African development-related aid in the last 60 years, real per capita income today is lower than it was in the 1970s. |
尽管在过去的60年里,非洲获得了过万亿美元的经济援助, 如今实际的人均收入比上世纪70年代还要低。 |
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trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿; per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
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| Aid is not doing too well. |
援助并没有太大的帮助。 |
| In response , the Bretton Woods institutions -- the IMF and the World Bank -- pushed for free trade not aid, yet the historical record shows little empirical evidence that free trade leads to economic growth. |
对此, 布雷顿森林体系－国际货币基金组织和世界银行 推崇自由贸易,而不是经济援助, 然而历史数据表明,没有实质证据证明 自由贸易会促进非洲的经济增长。 |
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response:n.响应;反应;回答; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); free trade:n.自由贸易(制度); historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; empirical:adj.经验主义的,完全根据经验的;实证的; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
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| The newly prescribed silver bullet is microcredit . |
最新的经济增长手段是 小额贷款”。 |
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prescribed:v.给…开(药); (prescribe的过去式和过去分词) silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的; bullet:n.子弹;只选某党全部候选人的投票;豆子;vi.射出;迅速行进; microcredit:n.微型贷款;微额信贷;
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| We seem to be fixated on this romanticized idea that every poor peasant in Africa is an entrepreneur . |
我们的想法似乎过分浪漫, 以为所有非洲贫农都是创业家。 |
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fixated:adj.念念不忘的;稳固关系的;v.使固定下来;注视(fixate的过去分词); romanticized:vi.浪漫化;传奇化;vt.使浪漫化;使传奇化; entrepreneur:n.企业家;承包人;主办者;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Yet my work and travel in 40-plus countries across Africa have taught me that most people want jobs instead. |
然而,在非洲40多个国家的工作和旅途的经验告诉我, 大多数人民想要的只是就业。 |
| My solution : Forget micro-entrepreneurs. |
我（对促进经济增长）的方案是:且将小额贷款放一边。 |
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solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
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| Let's invest in building pan-African titans like Sudanese businessman Mo Ibrahim. |
让我们投资构建泛非洲的“巨无霸” （大型企业） 如苏丹的企业家——易卜拉欣（Mo Ibrahim） |
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invest:v.投资;(把资金)投入;投入(时间、精力等);授予; titans:n.泰坦巨神;(美)大力神Ⅱ型洲际导弹(Titan的复数); Sudanese:adj.苏丹的;苏丹人的;n.苏丹人;
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| Mo took a contrarian bet on Africa when he founded Celtel International in '98 and built it into a mobile cellular provider with 24 million subscribers across 14 African countries by 2004. |
1998年,易卜拉欣在非洲逆势而为,成立了Celtel 国际公司, 并将其打造成移动运营商。 2004年,Celtel 已有2400万用户,服务覆盖非洲14个国家。 |
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contrarian:n.做法与一般大众想法相反的投资人(如买冷门股票); (与其他人)持相反意见者; bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; cellular:adj.细胞的;多孔的;由细胞组成的;n.移动电话;单元; provider:n.供应者;养家者; subscribers:n.订阅者,[金融]认股人;捐款人(subscriber复数形式);
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| The Mo model might be better than the everyman entrepreneur model, which prevents an effective means of diffusion and knowledge-sharing. |
相比于“人人都是创业家” 的模式,易卜拉欣的创业模式也许较优。 因为大众创业模式阻碍了有效的融合手段和知识共享。 |
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everyman:n.普通人;一般人; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; diffusion:n.扩散,传播;[光]漫射;
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| Perhaps we are not at a stage in Africa where many actors and small enterprises leads to growth through competition . |
或许,在非洲目前所处阶段, 经济增长不是靠大量个体和小型企业竞争而取得。 |
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competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
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| Consider these two alternative scenarios . |
考虑以下两个不同的情景: |
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alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; scenarios:n.情节;脚本;情景介绍(scenario的复数);
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| One: You loan 200 dollars to each of 500 banana farmers allowing them to dry their surplus bananas and fetch 15 percent more revenue at the local market. |
情景一:你给种植香蕉的500个农民每人贷200美元, 让他们可以干燥处理剩余的香蕉, 在当地市场获得15%的收入增长。 |
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surplus:n.剩余;[贸易]顺差;盈余;过剩;adj.剩余的;过剩的; revenue:n.收益;营业额;税务署;
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| Or two: You give 100,000 dollars to one savvy entrepreneur and help her set up a factory that yields 40 percent additional income to all 500 banana farmers and creates 50 additional jobs. |
情景二:你把10万美元给一个精明的企业家, 帮助她建造一个工厂,足以给那500个种植香蕉的农民, 带来额外40%的收入,同时又创造了50个就业岗位。 |
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savvy:n.悟性;理解能力;懂行(的人);v.理解;懂;vi.理解;知道; yields:n.生产量,投资效益(yield的复数形式); v.[经]生产; additional:adj.附加的,额外的;
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| We invested in the second scenario, and backed 26-year-old Kenyan entrepreneur Eric Muthomi to set up an agro-processing factory called Stawi to produce gluten-free banana-based flour and baby food. |
我们选择了后者, 向一位26岁的肯尼亚企业家,Eric Muthomi 给予了投资, 帮助他设立 Stawi 农产品加工厂。 该加工厂专门生产无麸质的以香蕉为主的面粉和婴儿食品。 |
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invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式) gluten-free:无谷胶;无谷蛋白;
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| Stawi is leveraging economies of scale and using modern manufacturing processes to create value for not only its owners but its workers, who have an ownership in the business. |
Stawi 借助规模经济效应采用现代加工生产模式, 不仅为工厂老板创造了价值, 还为持有股份的员工创造了价值。 |
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leveraging:v.利用贷款进行投机;(leverage的现在分词) economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
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| Our dream is to take an Eric Muthomi and try to help him become a Mo Ibrahim, which requires skill, financing, local and global partnerships , and extraordinary perseverance . |
我们的梦想是帮助 Eric Muthomi,让他成为又一位 “易卜拉欣 “。 这一梦想的实现,需要技术、资金、地区与全球范围的合作、 以及非凡的毅力。 |
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global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数) extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; perseverance:n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠;n.耐性;毅力;
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| But why pan-African? |
但是,为什么选择泛非洲？ |
| The scramble for Africa during the Berlin Conference of 1884 -- where, quite frankly, we Africans were not exactly consulted -- |
1884年的柏林会议上对非洲的争夺, ——实话说,我们非洲人民的意见就没有被征询过—— |
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scramble:vt.攀登; n.抢夺,争夺; vi.爬行,攀登; Conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会) consulted:v.咨询;请教;商议;查阅;查询;参看(consult的过去分词和过去式)
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| (Laughter) (Applause) -- resulted in massive fragmentation and many sovereign states with small populations: |
（笑声）（掌声） 这导致了非洲大规模的“碎片化”, 产生了许多人口较少的主权国家: |
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massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; fragmentation:n.破碎;分裂;[计]存储残片; sovereign:adj.至高无上的; n.君主;
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| Liberia , four million; Cape Verde, 500,000. |
利比里亚,400万人口;佛得角,50万人口。 |
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Liberia:n.利比里亚(西非国家); Cape:n.披肩;披风;短斗篷;地角;
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| Pan-Africa gives you one billion people, granted across 55 countries with trade barriers and other impediments , but our ancestors traded across the continent before Europeans drew lines around us. |
泛非洲有10亿人口, 横跨了55个国家,还有各种贸易壁垒和其它障碍。 不过,在欧洲列强争夺非洲、划下国界前, 我们的祖先在非洲大陆到处进行贸易。 |
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granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式) barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式); impediments:n.障碍(impediment的复数);妨碍,困难; continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的; Europeans:n.欧洲人(European的复数);
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| The pan-African opportunities outweigh the challenges, and that's why we're expanding Stawi's markets from just Kenya to Algeria, Nigeria, Ghana, and anywhere else that will buy our food. |
泛非洲的机遇大于挑战, 因此,我们从肯尼亚开始将 Stawi 的市场扩张到阿尔及利亚、 尼日利亚、加纳,还有所有会购买我们的食物的地方。 |
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outweigh:vt.比…重(在重量上);比…重要;比…有价值; expanding:v.扩大,增加,增强细谈;详述;(expand的现在分词)
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| We hope to help solve food security, empower farmers, create jobs, develop the local economy , and we hope to become rich in the process. |
我们希望帮助解决食品安全问题,改善农民生活,创造就业机会, 发展当地经济,并在此历程中致富。 |
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empower:vt.授权,允许;使能够; economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
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| While it's not the sexiest approach , and maybe it doesn't achieve the same feel-good as giving a woman 100 dollars to buy a goat on kiva .org, perhaps supporting fewer, higher-impact entrepreneurs to build massive businesses that scale pan-Africa can help change this. |
也许这不是最鲜嫩欲滴的手段, 跟在 kiva.org 上借出100美元给别人买山羊相比, 这可能不会给你同样的感觉。 向少数更具影响力的企业家提供帮助, 构建大规模的企业使其能够与泛非洲匹配, 或许能够帮助我们改变现状。 |
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sexiest:最性感的(sexy的最高级); approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理; feel-good:感觉舒服,感觉良好; kiva:n.基瓦会堂(或大地穴,美国印第安人使用的一种圆形建筑); entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数)
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| The political freedom for which our forebearers fought is meaningless without economic freedom. |
我们先人为政治自由所作的拼搏 如果没有经济自由,就会变得徒劳。 |
| We hope to aid this fight for economic freedom by building world-class businesses, creating indigenous wealth , providing jobs that we so desperately need, and hopefully helping achieve this. |
我们希望为争取经济自由出力, 致力于打造世界级的企业, 创造本土财富, 创造我们迫切需要的就业岗位。 与此同时也希望通过实现这些目标, |
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world-class:n.世界级;adj.世界级的; indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的; wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; desperately:adv.拼命地;绝望地;不顾一切地;极度地;
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| Africa shall rise. |
非洲会崛起。 |
| Thank you. |
谢谢！ |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Tom Rielly: So Sangu, of course, this is strong rhetoric . |
汤姆·赖利:桑谷,这是很强的比喻。 |
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rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的;
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| You're making 100 percent contrast between microcredit and regular investment and growing regular investment. |
你说小额贷款与普通的投资手段 以及不断增长的普通投资手段有天壤之别。 |
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contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; investment:n.投资;投入;封锁;
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| Do you think there is a role for microcredit at all? |
你认为小额贷款能否占一席之地？ |
| Sangu Delle : I think there is a role. |
桑谷·德尔:我认为可以。 |
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Delle:小凹(染色红细胞的中央透明区);代勒(法国地名);
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| Microcredit has been a great, innovative way to expand financial access to the bottom of the pyramid. |
小额贷款一直是优秀创新的手段, 用于为向金字塔底层的人扩大金融活动的门槛。 |
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innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的;
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| But for the problems we face in Africa, when we are looking at the Marshall Plan to revitalize war-torn Europe, it was not full of donations of sheep. |
然而,我们非洲目前所面临的问题, 比如说,为振兴饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲而制定的马歇尔计划, 比如说,为振兴饱受战争蹂躏的欧洲而制定的马歇尔计划, 不只是单纯的捐赠羊群。 |
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revitalize:vt.使…复活;使…复兴;使…恢复生气; war-torn:adj.遭受战争破坏的; donations:n.捐赠物;捐赠;赠送;(donation的复数)
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| We need more than just microcredit. |
我们需要的不仅仅是小额贷款, |
| We need more than just give 200 dollars. |
也不是仅仅200美元的援助, |
| We need to build big businesses, and we need jobs. |
我们需要构建大规模的企业,需要更多的就业岗位。 |
| TR: Very good. Thank you so much. |
赖利:非常好,感谢！ |
| (Applause) |
(掌声） |