返回首页

SandeepJauhar_2019T-_你的情感如何改变心脏的形状_-
No other organ , perhaps no other object in human life, is as imbued with metaphor and meaning as the human heart. 没有其他器官, 可能在整个人生中 也没有其他的东西, 像人类的心脏一样充满隐喻和意义。
organ:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴;管风琴;嗓音; imbued:vt.灌输;使感染;使渗透; metaphor:n.暗喻,隐喻;比喻说法;
Over the course of history, the heart has been a symbol of our emotional lives. 在历史的长河中, 心是我们情感生活的象征。
symbol:n.象征;符号;标志; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
It was considered by many to be the seat of the soul, the repository of the emotions . 它曾被很多人视为灵魂的座驾, 情感的仓库。
repository:n.贮藏室,仓库;知识库;智囊团; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
The very word "emotion" stems in part from the French verb "émouvoir," “emotion（情感）”这个词部分 源自法语动词“emouvoir”,
stems:n.花草的茎或梗; v.阻止; (stem的第三人称单数和复数)
meaning "to stir up." 意思是“搅动”。
stir:v.搅拌;搅动;激发;搅和;n.搅拌;搅动;震动;搅和;
And perhaps it's only logical that emotions would be linked to an organ characterized by its agitated movement. 也许将情感和以跳动为特征的器官 联系在一起是唯一的正确逻辑。
logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的; characterized:adj.以…为特点的; agitated:adj.激动的; v.搅动; (agitate的过去分词和过去式)
But what is this link? 但这个联系是什么？
Is it real or purely metaphorical ? 它是真实的还是纯粹隐喻？
purely:adv.完全;仅仅; metaphorical:adj.比喻性的,隐喻性的;
As a heart specialist, 作为心脏专家,
I am here today to tell you that this link is very real. 我今天在这里要告诉你们, 这个联系是真实的。
Emotions, you will learn, can and do have a direct physical effect on the human heart. 你将了解到,情感 能够,也实会对人类心脏 产生直接的物理影响。
physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
But before we get into this, let's talk a bit about the metaphorical heart. 但在我们深入之前, 让我们来谈谈隐喻意义上的心。
The symbolism of the emotional heart endures even today. 即便在今天,情感之心 的象征意义仍然存在。
symbolism:n.象征,象征主义;符号论;记号; endures:v.忍耐;忍受;持续;持久;(endure的第三人称单数)
If we ask people which image they most associate with love, there's no question that the Valentine heart would the top the list. 如果问人们哪一个图片可以让人 联想到爱, 毫无疑义,恋人之心会高居榜首。
associate with:v.联合;与…联系在一起;和…来往; Valentine:n.情人;情人节礼物;
The heart shape, called a cardioid , is common in nature. 心脏的形状,称为心形, 在自然中很常见。
cardioid:n.[数]心脏线;
It's found in the leaves, flowers and seeds of many plants, including silphium , which was used for birth control in the Middle Ages and perhaps is the reason why the heart became associated with sex and romantic love. 它存在于树叶,鲜花和 很多植物的种子中, 包括串叶松香草, 曾经在中世纪被用于生育控制, 这也许就是为什么心会与 性爱与浪漫联系在一起。
silphium:串叶松香草;罗盘草;松香草属; birth control:adj.节育的;避孕的; Middle Ages:n.中世纪(欧洲历史上从公元1000年到1450年); associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人;
Whatever the reason, hearts began to appear in paintings of lovers in the 13th century. 出于某种原因, 13世纪,情人的画像中 开始出现心形图案。
lovers:n.情人(lover的复数形式);
Over time, the pictures came to be colored red, the color of blood, a symbol of passion . 随着时间的推移, 这些画被涂成红色, 鲜血的颜色, 激情的象征。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
In the Roman Catholic Church, the heart shape became known as the Sacred Heart of Jesus . 在罗马天主教会, 心的形状被称为耶稣的圣心。
Roman Catholic:n.天主教徒; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督:
Adorned with thorns and emitting ethereal light, it became an insignia of monastic love. 装饰着荆棘,散发着缥缈的光芒, 它成了修道院之爱的象征。
Adorned:被修饰的; thorns:n.[植]刺,刺尖;[植]荆棘;(thorn的复数形式) emitting:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等);(emit的现在分词) ethereal:adj.优雅的;轻飘的;缥缈的;超凡的; insignia:n.记号,标志;徽章;荣誉; monastic:adj.修道院的;僧尼的;庙宇的;n.僧侣;修道士;
This association between the heart and love has withstood modernity . 这种心与爱之间的联系 经受住了现代的考验。
association:n.协会;关联;联想;交往; withstood:v.抵挡,经得起(withstand的过去分词); modernity:n.现代性;现代的东西;新式;
When Barney Clark, a retired dentist with end-stage heart failure , received the first permanent artificial heart in Utah in 1982, his wife of 39 years reportedly asked the doctors, "Will he still be able to love me?" 1982年,患有末期心力衰竭 的退休牙医巴尼·克拉克 在犹他州接受了首例永久性 人工心脏移植手术, 他39岁的妻子曾向医生咨询, “他还会爱我吗？”
end-stage:终末期;最后阶段;阶段; heart failure:n.心力衰竭; permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的; Utah:n.美国犹他州; reportedly:adv.据报道;据传闻;
Today, we know that the heart is not the source of love or the other emotions, per se; the ancients were mistaken . 今天,我们知道心脏不是爱 或其他情感的源头, 古人弄错了。
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; mistaken:adj.错误;不正确;被误解的;v.弄错;误解;误会;(mistake的过去分词)
And yet, more and more, we have come to understand that the connection between the heart and the emotions is a highly intimate one. 然而,我们开始越来越多地了解到 心脏和情感的联系是 极为亲密的整体。
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; intimate:n.知己; v.暗示; adj.亲密的;
The heart may not originate our feelings, but it is highly responsive to them. 心脏可能不是我们感觉的起源, 但它对感觉非常敏感。
originate:vt.引起;创作;vi.发源;发生;起航; responsive:adj.响应的;应答的;回答的;
In a sense , a record of our emotional life is written on our hearts. 在某种意义上,我们情感生活的记录 就写在我们的心脏上。
In a sense:在某种意义上;
Fear and grief , for example, can cause profound cardiac injury . 例如,恐惧和悲伤会导致 严重的心脏损伤。
grief:n.悲痛;忧伤;不幸; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的; injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处;
The nerves that control unconscious processes such as the heartbeat can sense distress and trigger a maladaptive fight-or-flight response that triggers blood vessels to constrict , the heart to gallop and blood pressure to rise, resulting in damage. 控制无意识过程,如心跳的神经 可以感觉到痛苦, 并引发适应不良的“战斗或逃跑”反应, 导致血管收缩, 心跳加速 和血压上升, 导致损伤。
nerves:n.神经;神经紧张;勇气;v.鼓足勇气;振作精神;(nerve的第三人称单数和复数) unconscious:adj.无意识的;失去知觉的;未发觉的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式); heartbeat:n.心跳;情感; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困; maladaptive:adj.适应不良的;不适应的;不利于适应的; triggers:n.[电子]触发器;触发物(trigger的复数);v.引起(trigger的单三形式);引爆; vessels:n.血管(vessel的复数);船舶;容器; constrict:vt.压缩;束紧; gallop:n.疾驰;飞奔;vi.飞驰;急速进行;急急忙忙地说;vt.使飞跑;迅速运输; blood pressure:n.[医]血压;
In other words, it is increasingly clear that our hearts are extraordinarily sensitive to our emotional system, to the metaphorical heart, if you will. 换句话说, 越来越清晰的是, 我们的心脏对我们的 情感系统,对隐喻的心, 极度敏感。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; extraordinarily:adv.非常;格外地;非凡地; sensitive:adj.敏感的;感觉的;易受影响的;n.敏感的人;有灵异能力的人;
There is a heart disorder first recognized about two decades ago called " takotsubo cardiomyopathy ," or "the broken heart syndrome ," 大约20年前, 人们首次发现了一种名为 “应激性心肌病”的心脏病, 即“心碎综合症”,
disorder:n.混乱;骚乱;vt.使失调;扰乱; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) takotsubo:章鱼壶;章鱼罐子; cardiomyopathy:n.(尤指原发性的)心肌症; broken heart:n.破碎的心;哀恸; syndrome:n.[临床]综合征;综合症状;并发症状;校验子;并发位;
in which the heart acutely weakens in response to intense stress or grief, such as after a romantic breakup or the death of a loved one. 在这种情况下,心脏在面对巨大 的压力或悲伤时急剧衰弱, 比如跟爱人分手或爱人去世后。
acutely:adv.尖锐地;剧烈地; weakens:vt.减少;使变弱;使变淡;vi.变弱;畏缩;变软弱; in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
As these pictures show, the grieving heart in the middle looks very different than the normal heart on the left. 就像这些照片显示的,中间悲伤的心 跟左边正常的心看来很不同。
grieving:v.悲伤,悲痛,伤心;使悲伤;使伤心;(grieve的现在分词) different than:不同于;
It appears stunned and frequently balloons into the distinctive shape of a takotsubo, shown on the right, a Japanese pot with a wide base and a narrow neck. 它看起来像是被打晕了, 往往会膨胀成章鱼壶的独特形状, 如右图所示, 一种有宽的底座和窄的日本锅。
stunned:adj.震惊的; v.使昏迷; (stun的过去分词和过去式) frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次; distinctive:adj.独特的;特别的;有特色的; narrow:adj.狭窄的; v.使窄小; n.峡谷; (场所,物品等的)狭窄部分;
We don't know exactly why this happens, and the syndrome usually resolves within a few weeks. 我们还不知道这个发生的确实原因, 这种症状通常会在几周内消失。
resolves:vt.决定; vi.解决; n.坚决;
However, in the acute period, it can cause heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias , even death. 然而,在急性期, 它可能会导致心脏衰竭, 危及生命的心律失常, 甚至死亡。
life-threatening:adj.威胁生命的; arrhythmias:n.[内科]心律失常(arrhythmia的复数);心律不整;
For example, the husband of an elderly patient of mine had died recently . 比如,我的一个老年病人的丈夫 最近去世了。
elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; recently:adv.最近;新近;
She was sad, of course, but accepting. 她很悲伤,当然, 但接受这个现实了。
Maybe even a bit relieved . 也许松一口气。
relieved:adj.释然的; v.缓解;
It had been a very long illness; he'd had dementia . 这是一场持续了多年的疾病, 他患有老年痴呆。
dementia:n.[内科]痴呆;
But a week after the funeral , she looked at his picture and became tearful . 但在葬礼结束的一周后, 她看着他的照片, 变得泪眼模糊。
funeral:n.葬礼;麻烦事;adj.丧葬的,出殡的; tearful:adj.含泪的;令人伤心的;
And then she developed chest pain, and with it, came shortness of breath, distended neck veins , a sweaty brow , a noticeable panting as she was sitting up in a chair -- all signs of heart failure. 然后她出现了胸痛, 随之而来的是呼吸急促, 脖子上青筋膨胀,额头出汗, 当她坐在椅子上时, 明显地感到气喘吁吁—— 这些都是心脏衰竭的迹象。
shortness:n.不足;简略; distended:vt.使…膨胀;使…扩张;vi.扩张;膨胀; veins:n.[解剖]静脉(vein的复数); v.使有脉络; sweaty:adj.出汗的;吃力的;使人出汗的; brow:n.额头;山脊;坡顶; noticeable:adj.显而易见的,显著的;值得注意的; panting:v.脉动;晃动(pant的ing形式);adj.喘气的;n.气促;脉动;
She was admitted to the hospital, where an ultrasound confirmed what we already suspected : her heart had weakened to less than half its normal capacity and had ballooned into the distinctive shape of a takotsubo. 她被送进了医院, 医院超声波验证了我们的怀疑: 她的心脏已经衰弱到只有 不到一半的正常功能, 并且膨胀成明显的章鱼壶形状。
ultrasound:n.超声;超音波; suspected:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的过去分词和过去式) weakened:v.(使)虚弱,衰弱;减弱;削弱;动摇;(weaken的过去分词和过去式) capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
But no other tests were amiss , no sign of clogged arteries anywhere. 但检查不出其他问题, 没有动脉阻塞的现象。
amiss:adj.有毛病的,有缺陷的;出差错的;adv.错误地; clogged:v.(使)阻塞,堵塞;(clog的过去分词和过去式) arteries:n.[解剖]动脉(artery的复数);v.给…提供动脉(artery的单数第三人称);
Two weeks later, her emotional state had returned to normal and so, an ultrasound confirmed, had her heart. 2周后,她的情感状态恢复正常, 并且,超声波检测确认, 心脏也恢复了健康。
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been linked to many stressful situations, including public speaking -- 应激性心肌病跟很多压力环境有关, 包括公共演讲——
stressful:adj.紧张的;有压力的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
domestic disputes , gambling losses, even a surprise birthday party. 家庭争分,赌博损失, 甚至一个惊喜的 生日派对都包括在内。
domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的; disputes:n.争论(dispute的复数);v.争论(dispute的单数第三人称); gambling:n.赌博;投机;v.赌博;打赌;(gamble的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's even been associated with widespread social upheaval , such as after a natural disaster . 它甚至与广泛的社会动乱有关, 比如一场自然灾害后。
widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的; upheaval:n.剧变;隆起;举起; disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸;
For example, in 2004, a massive earthquake devastated a district on the largest island in Japan. 例如,2004年, 一场大地震摧毁了日本 最大岛屿上的一个地区,
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式)
More than 60 people were killed, and thousands were injured . 超过60个人死亡,几千人受伤。
injured:adj.受伤的:委屈的: v.伤害,使受伤: n.伤员;
On the heels of this catastrophe , researchers found that the incidents of takotsubo cardiomyopathy increased twenty-four-fold in the district one month after the earthquake, compared to a similar period the year before. 在这场灾难之后, 研究者发现跟一年前同期相比, 该地区在大地震后 一个月的应激性心肌病 发病率增加了24倍,
heels:n.高跟鞋(heel的复数);脚踝;残余料;v.紧跟;给(鞋等)装跟(heel的三单形式); catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
The residences of these cases closely correlated with the intensity of the tremor . 这些病例发生的位置 与地震的强度密切相关。
residences:n.住宅(residence的复数);居住; correlated:v.相互关联影响;相互依赖;(correlate的过去式和过去分词) intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张; tremor:n.[医]震颤;颤动;
In almost every case, patients lived near the epicenter . 在几乎每个病例中, 病人都是住在震中附近。
patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) epicenter:n.震中;中心;
Interestingly , takotsubo cardiomyopathy has been seen after a happy event, too, but the heart appears to react differently, ballooning in the midportion, for example, and not at the apex . 有趣的是,应激性心肌病也曾在 一些愉快的事件后被发现, 但心脏反应似乎不一样, 在中部膨胀,而不是在顶部。
Interestingly:adv.有趣地; react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应; apex:n.顶点;尖端;
Why different emotional precipitants would result in different cardiac changes remains a mystery. 为什么不同的情绪会 导致心脏的不同变化 仍然是个迷。
precipitants:adj.很快落下的; n.[化]沉淀剂; (precipitant的复数)
But today, perhaps as an ode to our ancient philosophers , we can say that even if emotions are not contained inside our hearts, the emotional heart overlaps its biological counterpart , in surprising and mysterious ways. 但今天,也许是作为对 我们古代哲学家的赞歌, 我们可以说即便情感 不存在于我们的心脏中, 情感的心跟它的 生物体依然是以一种 惊人和神秘的方式相对应的。
philosophers:n.哲学家(philosopher的复数); overlaps:n.重叠部分(overlap的复数形式);v.重叠;重复(overlap的第三人称单数); biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; counterpart:n.副本;配对物;极相似的人或物; mysterious:adj.神秘的;不可思议的;难解的;
Heart syndromes , including sudden death , have long been reported in individuals experiencing intense emotional disturbance or turmoil in their metaphorical hearts. 心脏综合症,包括猝死, 长期以来,在个人隐喻之心经受了 强烈的情感干扰或混乱后的猝死 广泛见诸报端。
syndromes:n.综合症(syndrome的复数); sudden death:n.突然死亡法(比赛出现平局时在加时赛中先得分者即为胜方); individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); disturbance:n.干扰;骚乱;忧虑; turmoil:n.混乱,骚动;
In 1942, the Harvard physiologist Walter Cannon published a paper called "' Voodoo ' Death," 1942年, 哈佛生理学家沃尔特·坎农发表了一篇 名为《巫毒教的死亡》的论文,
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; physiologist:n.生理学家,生理学者; Cannon:n.(通常装有轮子并发射铁弹或石弹的旧式)大炮;v.猛撞;碰撞; Voodoo:n.伏都教(一种西非原始宗教);伏都教徒;vt.施伏都巫术迷惑;adj.伏都教的;
in which he described cases of death from fright in people who believed they had been cursed , such as by a witch doctor or as a consequence of eating taboo fruit. 在文中,他描述了一些 相信自己被诅咒的人 因为恐惧而死亡的案例, 比如被巫医或食用禁果后。
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式) fright:n.惊吓;惊骇;v.使惊恐; cursed:adj.被诅咒的;讨厌的;v.诅咒;咒骂;(curse的过去分词和过去式) witch doctor:n.(尤指非洲的)巫医; consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; taboo:n.禁忌;禁止;adj.禁忌的;忌讳的;vt.禁忌;禁止;
In many cases, the victim , all hope lost, dropped dead on the spot . 在很多案例中,牺牲者 绝望至极,当场猝死。
victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者; on the spot:adj.现场的;
What these cases had in common was the victim's absolute belief that there was an external force that could cause their demise , and against which they were powerless to fight. 这些案例的共同之处在于 牺牲者们绝对相信 有一种外部的力量 会导致他们的死亡, 并且他们无力反抗。
external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; demise:n.死亡,终止;转让;传位;vt.遗赠;禅让;
This perceived lack of control, Cannon postulated , resulted in an unmitigated physiological response, in which blood vessels constricted to such a degree that blood volume acutely dropped, blood pressure plummeted , the heart acutely weakened, and massive organ damage resulted from a lack of transported oxygen. 坎农假定,这些明显的失控 引发了全面的生理反应, 血管收缩到使血容量 急剧下降的程度, 血压下降, 心脏急剧衰弱, 并且因为缺少氧气的输送 而导致大规模的器官损坏。
perceived:v.注意到;意识到;将…视为;认为;(perceive的过去式和过去分词) postulated:v.假定;假设;(postulate的过去分词和过去式) unmitigated:adj.全然的;严厉的;未缓和的; physiological:adj.生理学的,生理的; constricted:adj.收缩的;狭隘的;受限制的;v.使…收缩;抑制(constrict的过去分词); volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本 plummeted:n.[测]铅锤,坠子;vi.垂直落下;(价格,水平等)骤然下跌; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式)
Cannon believed that voodoo deaths were limited to indigenous or " primitive " people. 坎农认为巫毒教的死亡 仅限于土著或“原始”人。
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式) indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的; primitive:adj.原始的,远古的;简单的,粗糙的;n.原始人;
But over the years, these types of deaths have been shown to occur in all manner of modern people, too. 但许多年来, 这些类型的死亡也出现在 各种各样的现代人身上。
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;
Today, death by grief has been seen in spouses and in siblings . 今天,因悲伤而导致的死亡 出现在配偶和兄弟姐妹上。
spouses:配偶; siblings:n.兄;弟;姐;妹;(sibling的复数)
Broken hearts are literally and figuratively deadly . 破碎的心在生理上和 隐喻上都是致命的。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: figuratively:adv.比喻地;象征性地; deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
These associations hold true even for animals. 这种联系甚至在动物身上也成立。
associations:n.协会,[遗]关联(association复数);关联分析,协会组织;
In a fascinating study in 1980 published in the journal "Science," 在1980年发表在《科学》期刊上 的一个有趣研究中,
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报;
researchers fed caged rabbits a high-cholesterol diet to study its effect on cardiovascular disease . 研究人员给笼养的兔子 喂食高胆固醇食物, 以研究其对心血管疾病的影响。
cardiovascular:adj.[解剖]心血管的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
Surprisingly , they found that some rabbits developed a lot more disease than others, but they couldn't explain why. 出乎意料的是,他们发现一些 兔子患的病就是比其他兔子多, 但他们无法解释为什么。
Surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地
The rabbits had very similar diet, environment and genetic makeup . 这些兔子的饮食结构, 环境和基因构成都是类似的。
genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; makeup:n.化妆品;组成;补充;补考;
They thought it might have something to do with how frequently the technician interacted with the rabbits. 他们认为可能和 技术员跟兔子互动频率有关。
have something to do with:有点关系;与...有关系; technician:n.技术员;技师;(艺术、体育等的)技巧精湛者; interacted:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的过去分词和过去式)
So they repeated the study, dividing the rabbits into two groups. 所以他们重复了这个研究, 把这些兔子分成两组。
Both groups were fed a high-cholesterol diet. 两组都吃高胆固醇的食物。
But in one group, the rabbits were removed from their cages, held, petted , talked to, played with, and in the other group, the rabbits remained in their cages and were left alone. 但其中一组,兔子被带出笼子, 被人们抱着,爱抚着, 和它说话,和它玩耍, 另一组的兔子则被留在笼子里 不闻不管。
petted:n.宠物;生气;受宠爱的人;vt.宠爱;vi.生气;爱抚;adj.宠爱的;
At one year, on autopsy , the researchers found that the rabbits in the first group, that received human interaction , had 60 percent less aortic disease than rabbits in the other group, despite having similar cholesterol levels, blood pressure and heart rate. 一年之后,在对兔子进行解剖时, 研究者发现第一组的兔子, 那组有人类互动的兔子, 主动脉疾病比另一组少60%, 尽管有相似的胆固醇水平, 血压和心率。
autopsy:n.验尸;[病理][特医]尸体解剖;[病理][特医]尸体剖检; interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰; aortic:adj.大动脉的; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; cholesterol:n.[生化]胆固醇;
Today, the care of the heart has become less the province of philosophers, who dwell upon the heart's metaphorical meanings, and more the domain of doctors like me, wielding technologies that even a century ago, 今天,对心灵的关怀已不再是 哲学家们的专利, 他们专注于心灵的隐喻意义, 并且越来越多的进入 像我这样的医生领域, 运用着甚至1个世纪前的技术,
dwell upon:深思;细想;仔细想; domain:n.领域;域名;产业;地产; wielding:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等);(wield的现在分词) technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
because of the heart's exalted status in human culture, were considered taboo. 因为心脏在人类文化中的崇高地位, 被认为是禁忌。
exalted:adj.崇高的; v.提拔,提升; (exalt的过去分词和过去式) status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份;
In the process, the heart has been transformed from an almost supernatural object imbued with metaphor and meaning into a machine that can be manipulated and controlled. 在这个过程中,心脏 从充满隐喻和意义的超自然的物体 转变成了可以操纵和控制的机器。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) supernatural:adj.超自然的;神奇的,不可思议的;n.超自然现象;不可思议的事; manipulated:v.(暗中)控制,操纵,影响;使用;治疗脱臼;(manipulate的过去式和过去分词)
But this is the key point: these manipulations , we now understand, must be complemented by attention to the emotional life that the heart, for thousands of years, was believed to contain. 但这里有个关键点: 我们现在明白,这些操纵 必须辅以对情感生活的关注, 毕竟数千年来,人们认为 情感生活包含在心脏之中。
manipulations:n.操作;管理措施;处理;操纵证券市场;变换;(manipulation的复数) complemented:adj.有余格的;有补助物的;v.补充(complement的过去分词);补全;
Consider, for example, the Lifestyle Heart Trial, published in the British journal "The Lancet " in 1990. 比如,《生活方式心脏试验》, 1990年发表于英国《柳叶刀》杂志。
Lancet:n.[外科]小刀,柳叶刀;尖顶窗;小枪;
Forty-eight patients with moderate or severe coronary disease were randomly assigned to usual care or an intensive lifestyle that included a low-fat vegetarian diet, moderate aerobic exercise, group psychosocial support and stress management advice. 48名患有中度或重度 冠状动脉疾病的患者 被随机分配到常规护理 或一组包括低脂素食, 适度有氧运动, 群体社会心理支持 以及压力管理建议的 密集生活方式小组。
moderate:v.缓和; adj.适度的; n.持温和观点者(尤指政见); severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; coronary:adj.冠的;冠状的;花冠的; randomly:adv.随便地,任意地;无目的,胡乱地;未加计划地; assigned:v.分配(某物);分派;指定;委派;(assign的过去分词和过去式) intensive:adj.加强的;集中的;透彻的;加强语气的;n.加强器; low-fat:adj.低脂肪的; vegetarian:n.素食者;食草动物;adj.素食的; aerobic:adj.需氧的;增氧健身法的; psychosocial:adj.社会心理的;心理社会学的; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
The researchers found that the lifestyle patients had a nearly five percent reduction in coronary plaque . 研究者发现密集生活组病人 冠状动脉斑块减少了近5%。
reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图; plaque:n.匾;血小板;饰板;
Control patients, on the other hand , had five percent more coronary plaque at one year and 28 percent more at five years. 控制组,反之, 一年后冠状动脉斑块增加了5%, 并且5年后增加了28%。
on the other hand:另一方面;
They also had nearly double the rate of cardiac events, like heart attacks, coronary bypass surgery and cardiac-related deaths. 他们患心脏病的几率翻倍, 比如心脏病发作,冠状动脉搭桥手术 和心脏病相关的死亡。
bypass:vt.绕开;忽视;设旁路;迂回;n.旁路;[公路]支路; surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
Now, here's an interesting fact: some patients in the control group adopted diet and exercise plans that were nearly as intense as those in the intensive lifestyle group. 有一个有趣的事实: 对照组的一些患者采用 的饮食和锻炼计划 几乎与生活方式密集组 的患者一样多。
adopted:adj.被收养的;被采用的;v.采用;接受;(adopt的过去式和过去分词);
Their heart disease still progressed. 他们的心脏疾病仍然在持续。
Diet and exercise alone were not enough to facilitate coronary disease regression . 单靠饮食和运动不足以促进 冠状动脉疾病的消退。
facilitate:vt.促进;帮助;使容易; regression:n.回归;退化;逆行;复原;
At both one- and five-year follow-ups , stress management was more strongly correlated with reversal of coronary disease than exercise was. 在1年和5年的随访中, 人们发现相比锻炼,压力管理 与冠状动脉疾病的逆转 更加紧密相关。
follow-ups:连续; reversal:n.逆转;[摄]反转;[法]撤销;
No doubt, this and similar studies are small, and, of course, correlation does not prove causation . 毫无疑问,这项研究和 类似的研究规模都很小, 当然,相关性并不能证明因果关系。
correlation:n.[数]相关,关联;相互关系; causation:n.原因;因果关系;出现;
It's certainly possible that stress leads to unhealthy habits, and that's the real reason for the increased cardiovascular risk. 当然可能压力导致不健康习惯, 是心血管风险增加的真正原因。
unhealthy:不健康的
But as with the association of smoking and lung cancer , when so many studies show the same thing, and when there are mechanisms to explain a causal relationship, it seems capricious to deny that one probably exists. 但就像吸烟和肺癌的关系一样, 当如此多的研究都显示了同样的事情, 当存在解释因果关系的机制时, 否定一个可能存在 的说法是不负责任的。
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; mechanisms:n.机制;[机]机构(mechanism的复数);机械;[机]机构学; causal:adj.因果关系的;有原因的;n.表示原因的连词; capricious:adj.反复无常的;任性的; deny:v.否定,否认;拒绝给予;拒绝…的要求;
What many doctors have concluded is what I, too, have learned in my nearly two decades as a heart specialist: the emotional heart intersects with its biological counterpart in surprising and mysterious ways. 许多医生得出的结论,也是我近20年 作为心脏专家了解到的: 情感之心与它的生理对应物以一种 惊奇和神秘的方式相交叉。
concluded:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定)(conclude的过去分词和过去式) intersects:v.相交;交叉;贯穿(intersect的三单形式);
And yet, medicine today continues to conceptualize the heart as a machine. 然而,今天的医学继续将 心脏概念化为一台机器。
conceptualize:vt.使概念化;vi.概念化;
This conceptualization has had great benefits. 这种概念化有很大的好处。
conceptualization:概念化;化为概念;概念化过程;
Cardiology , my field, is undoubtedly one of the greatest scientific success stories of the past 100 years. 心脏病学,我的领域, 毫无疑问是过去100年最具成就的 科学领域之一。
Cardiology:n.[内科]心脏病学; undoubtedly:adv.确实地,毋庸置疑的; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
Stents , pacemakers , defibrillators , coronary bypass surgery, heart transplants -- all these things were developed or invented after World War II. 支架,起搏器,除颤器, 冠状动脉搭桥手术, 心脏移植—— 所有这些都是在二战后 发展或发明的。
Stents:n.支架(stent的复数);分配的任务;v.给…分配任务;节省(stent的三单形式); pacemakers:[基医]起搏器; defibrillators:n.电震发生器;(defibrillator的复数形式) transplants:v.移植(transplant的第三人称单数);移置;n.移植(transplant的复数);
However, it's possible that we are approaching the limits of what scientific medicine can do to combat heart disease. 然而,我们可能 已经接近了科学药物在对抗 心脏疾病上的极限。
approaching:v.靠近,接近;接洽;建议;要求;(approach的现在分词) combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗;
Indeed, the rate of decline of cardiovascular mortality has slowed significantly in the past decade. 事实上,在过去的十年中, 心血管疾病死亡率 的下降速度已经明显放缓。
decline:v.下降;衰退;减少;谢绝;n.下降; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
We will need to shift to a new paradigm to continue to make the kind of progress to which we have become accustomed. 我们需要转向新的模式 去继续取得我们已经习惯的进步。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; paradigm:n.范例;词形变化表;
In this paradigm, psychosocial factors will need to be front and center in how we think about heart problems. 在这种模式下,心理社会因素 将需要成为我们思考 心脏问题的前提和中心。
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商;
This is going to be an uphill battle, and it remains a domain that is largely unexplored . 这将是一场艰苦的战斗, 在很大程度上它仍然 是一个尚未被探索的领域。
uphill:adj.上坡的,向上的;adv.向上地;往上坡;n.上升;登高; largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; unexplored:adj.[地质]未勘查过的;
The American Heart Association still does not list emotional stress as a key modifiable risk factor for heart disease, perhaps in part because blood cholesterol is so much easier to lower than emotional and social disruption . 美国心脏学会仍然没有把情感压力 作为心理疾病的一个可改变危险因素, 部分原因可能是因为血压中的 胆固醇相比情感和社会混乱 更容易降低。
modifiable:adj.可修改的;可减轻的;[语]可修饰的; disruption:n.破坏,毁坏;分裂,瓦解;
There is a better way, perhaps, if we recognize that when we say "a broken heart," 也许,有更好的方式。 如果我们知道当人们说 “破碎的心”时,
we are indeed sometimes talking about a real broken heart. 他们说的确实是一颗 真的破碎的心脏。
We must, must pay more attention to the power and importance of the emotions in taking care of our hearts. 在照看我们的心脏时, 我们就必须更加关注 情感的力量和重要性。
Emotional stress, I have learned, is often a matter of life and death. 我认识到,情感压力 往往是生死攸关的问题。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）