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SamyNourYounes_2018S-_跨性别者为争取平等权利的长期斗争简史_
Why are transgender people suddenly everywhere? 为何一夜之间到处都是跨性别人？
transgender:n.跨性别;跨性别者;
(Laughter) （笑声）
As a trans activist , I get this question a lot. 作为一位跨性别者活动家, 我经常被问到这个问题。
activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子;
Keep in mind , less than one percent of American adults openly identify as trans. 请记住,美国成人中有不足1% 公开承认自己是跨性别人。
Keep in mind:记住; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
According to a recent GLAAD survey , about 16 percent of non-trans Americans claim to know a trans person in real life. 据最近的GLAAD调查, 约16%的非跨性别者 声称在现实里认识跨性别人。
According to:根据,据说; survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
So for the other 84 percent, this may seem like a new topic. 因此,对另外84%的人来说, 这是个新话题。
But trans people are not new. 但是,跨性别人并非今天才有,
Gender variance is older than you think, and trans people are part of that legacy . 性别多元化的历史 比你想的要久远, 而跨性别人是 该历史遗产的一部分。
variance:n.变异;变化;不一致;分歧;[数]方差; legacy:n.遗赠,遗产;
From central Africa to South America to the Pacific Islands and beyond, there have been populations who recognize multiple genders , and they go way back. 从中非到南美,再一直到 太平洋群岛和更远的地方, 一直有群体承认多性别, 而且,这可以追溯到很久以前。
South America:n.南美洲; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; genders:n.性别;性;
The hijra of India and Pakistan, for example, have been cited as far back as 2,000 years ago in the Kama Sutra . 例如,早在2000年前, 海吉拉（“第三性别”）一词 就出现在印度和 巴基斯坦的《欲经》中。
cited:v.提及(原因);举出(示例);列举;引用;传讯;(cite的过去分词和过去式) Sutra:n.佛经(等于sutta);箴言;
Indigenous American nations each have their own terms, but most share the umbrella term "two-spirit." 美国土著群体 对此也有各自的称呼, 但多数都有“双灵” 这个伞形术语的意思。
Indigenous:adj.本土的;土著的;国产的;固有的;
They saw gender-variant people as shamans and healers in their communities , and it wasn't until the spread of colonialism that they were taught to think otherwise. 他们把多性别人看做 群体里的巫师和治疗师, 直到殖民主义的传播, 他们才被教导改变了想法 （开始排斥跨性别人）。
gender-variant:多元性别特质; shamans:n.萨满教巫医(Shaman的复数); healers:n.医治者;治疗物(healer的复数); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) colonialism:n.殖民主义;殖民政策;
Now, in researching trans history, we look for both trans people and trans practices. 在研究跨性别历史时, 我们既寻找跨性别人, 也寻找跨性别的相关案例。
Take, for example, the women who presented as men so they could fight in the US Civil War. 例如美国内战时, 那些以男性身份出现的 女性可以参军打仗。
Civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的;
After the war, most resumed their lives as women, but some, like Albert Cashier , continued to live as men. 战后,大部分人重新回到 女性身份的生活, 但有些人,像Albert Cashier, 继续过着男人的生活。
resumed:n.摘要; vt.重新开始,继续; vi.重新开始,继续; Cashier:n.出纳员;v.开除…的军籍;
Albert was eventually confined to an asylum and forced to wear a dress for the rest of his life. 但最终,Albert被关进精神病院, 被迫穿着长裙过完余生。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; confined:adj.狭窄的; v.限制(confine的过去式和过去分词); asylum:n.庇护;收容所,救济院;
(Sighs) （叹息声）
Around 1895, a group of self-described androgynes formed the Cercle Hermaphroditos. 1895年前后,一个 自称双性人的群体 成立了专门的组织 Cercle Hermaphroditos,
self-described:adj.自我描述的; androgynes:n.雌雄同序植物;雌雄同体人;(androgynes是androgyne的复数)
Their mission was to unite for defense against the world's bitter persecution . 其使命就是,联合起来 抵御对跨性别人的痛苦迫害。
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; unite:v.联合;团结;统一;n.由奈特; bitter:adj.苦的; n.苦味; v.激烈地; v.使变苦; persecution:n.迫害;烦扰;
And in doing that, they became one of the earliest trans support groups. 这使他们成为最早的 跨性别支持团体之一。
By the '40s and '50s, medical researchers were starting to study trans medicine, but they were aided by their trans patients , like Louise Lawrence, a trans woman who had corresponded extensively with people who had been arrested for public cross-dressing . 到了40年代和50年代,医学 研究人员开始研究跨性医学, 由其跨性别患者提供研究资助, 如跨性别女士Louise Lawrence, 她曾与那些因在公共场合 穿异性服装被捕的人交往频繁。
patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) corresponded:v.相一致;符合;类似于;相当于;通信;(correspond的过去分词和过去式) extensively:adv.广阔地;广大地; cross-dressing:n.穿着异性服装;
She introduced sexual researchers like Alfred Kinsey to a massive trans network. 她把Alfred Kinsey 这样的性别研究人员 介绍给一个庞大的跨性别群体。
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
Other early figures would follow, like Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson and the famous Christine Jorgensen, who made headlines with her very public transition in 1952. 还有其他的早期人物, 如Virginia Prince, Reed Erickson, 还有著名的Christine Jorgensen, 她因1952年的公开变性 而上了头条新闻。
Virginia:adj.弗吉尼亚州的; Reed:n.芦笛;[植]芦苇;芦苇杆;[乐]舌簧; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
But while white trans suburbanites were forming their own support networks, many trans people of color had to carve their own path. 当跨性别白人这个边缘群体 正形成自己的支持网络时, 许多非白人的跨性别群体 则必须自己开辟道路。
suburbanites:n.郊区居民; carve:vt.雕刻;切开;开创;vi.切开;做雕刻工作;
Some, like Miss Major Griffin-Gracy, walked in drag balls. 有人一直参加异装走秀, 像Miss Major Griffin-Gracy;
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石;
Others were the so-called "street queens," 其他还有像被称为 街头异装皇后 的街头表演艺人,
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的;
who were often targeted by police for their gender expression and found themselves on the forefront of seminal events in the LGBT rights movement. 这些艺人经常 因性取向被警察盯上, 他们发现自己往往处于 LGBT权利运动开创性事件的最前沿。
expression:n.表现,表示,表达; forefront:n.最前线,最前部;活动的中心; seminal:adj.种子的;精液的;生殖的;
This brings us to the riots at Cooper Do-nuts in 1959, 像1959年库珀咖啡骚乱、
riots:n.暴动(riot的复数);v.骚乱(riot的第三人称单数形式);闹事;
Compton's Cafeteria in 1966 and the famous Stonewall Inn in 1969. 1966年康普顿餐厅骚乱、 以及著名的1969年石墙事件。
Stonewall:vt.妨碍;阻碍;小心翼翼地打球;vi.妨碍;阻碍;小心翼翼地打球; Inn:n.客栈;(通常指乡村的,常可夜宿的)小酒店;v.住旅馆;
In 1970, Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson, two veterans of Stonewall, established STAR: Street Transvestite Action Revolutionaries . 1970年,参加过Stonewall维权运动的 Sylvia Pivera和Marsha P. Johnson 成立了STAR组织: 跨性者行动革命街头组织。
veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式); established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) Transvestite:adj.爱穿异性服装的;易装癖的;n.异性装扮癖者;易装癖者;异性模仿欲; Revolutionaries:n.改革者;革命者;(revolutionary的复数)
Trans people continued to fight for equal treatment under the law, even as they faced higher rates of discrimination , unemployment , arrests, and the looming AIDS epidemic . 跨性别者继续争取法律平等待遇, 即使他们面临更多歧视、失业、 被捕,
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; discrimination:n.歧视;区别,辨别;识别力; unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数; looming:v.人惊恐地隐现;显得突出;逼近(loom的现在分词) epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的;
For as long as we've been around, those in power have sought to disenfranchise trans people for daring to live lives that are ours. 只要我们一直存在, 那些当权者就想方设法 剥夺跨性别者的生活权利, 不让我们过上我们想要的生活。
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; sought:v.seek(寻求、寻找)的过去式和过去分词形式; disenfranchise:v.剥夺(某人)的权利(尤指选举权);
This motion picture still, taken in Berlin in 1933, is sometimes used in history textbooks to illustrate how the Nazis burned works they considered un-German . 这部电影1933年拍摄于柏林, 有时还出现在历史教科书中, 告诉人们纳粹是如何烧毁 他们认为没有“德国品质”的作品。
motion picture:adj.电影的; illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; Nazis:n.纳粹;纳粹党人(nazi的复数); un-German:非德国的;非德意志;
But what's rarely mentioned is that included in this massive pile are works from the Institute for Sexual Research. 却鲜有提及的是, 这一大堆作品中 还包含性别研究机构的成果。
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
See, I just recapped the trans movement in America, but Magnus Hirschfeld and his peers in Germany had us beat by a few decades. 我剛才回顾的是 美国的跨性别者运动, 而Magnus Hirschfeld 和他的德国同行 则领先我们几十年。
recapped:轮胎翻新的;翻新(轮胎)的胎面(recap的过去式和过去分词); peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式);
Magnus Hirschfeld was an early advocate for LGBT people. Magnus Hirschfeld是为LGBT 人群争取权益的早期倡导者。
advocate:v.拥护;支持;提倡;n.支持者;提倡者;辩护律师;出庭辩护人;
He wrote the first book-length account of trans individuals . 他第一个用笔对跨性别者个体 进行描述,像写书篇幅一样,
individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
He helped them obtain medical services and IDs. 并帮他们获得医疗服务和身份证。
obtain:vi.获得;流行;vt.获得;
He worked with the Berlin Police Department to end discrimination of LGBT people, and he hired them at the Institute. 他与柏林警察局合作 结束了人们对LGBT人群的歧视, 而且聘请他们 在他的研究所工作。
Police Department:n.(美国城市中的)警察局;
So when the Nazi Party burned his library, it had devastating implications for trans research around the world. 因此,当纳粹烧毁他的图书馆时, 它对全世界的跨性别研究 产生了毁灭性的影响。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数);
This was a deliberate attempt to erase trans people, and it was neither the first nor the last. 这是蓄意抹杀跨性别者存在, 不是第一个,也不是最后一个。
deliberate:v.深思熟虑;仔细考虑;反复思考;adj.故意的;蓄意的;存心的;不慌不忙的; attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; erase:vt.抹去;擦除;vi.被擦去,被抹掉;
So whenever people ask me why trans people are suddenly everywhere, 因此,每当人们问我,为何 突然间到处都是跨性别者时,
I just want to tell them that we've been here. 我只想告诉他们, 其实我们一直都在。
These stories have to be told, along with the countless others that have been buried by time. 必须有人来讲述这些史话, 还有被时间埋葬的 无数其他的史话。
countless:adj.无数的;数不尽的;
Not only were our lives not celebrated, but our struggles have been forgotten and, yeah, to some people, that makes trans issues seem new. 不光我们的生命不被赞美, 我们的斗争也已被遗忘, 是的,对某些人来说,跨性别 话题看起来像新生事物一样。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Today, I meet a lot of people who think that our movement is just a phase that will pass, but I also hear well-intentioned allies telling us all to be patient, because our movement is "still new." 今天,我遇到的许多人以为 我们的运动只是阶段性的, 很快就会过去, 但也有善意的支持者 告诉我们要耐心些, 因为我们的运动“仍然是新生事物”。
phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做; well-intentioned:adj.好意的,好心的;出于善意的; allies:n.盟友,支持者:v.与…结盟(ally的第三人称单数和复数)
Imagine how the conversation would shift if we acknowledge just how long trans people have been demanding equality. 试想一下,如果我们承认 跨性别者要求平等的久远历史,
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换;
Are we still overreacting ? 还认为是我们反应过度吗？
overreacting:v.反应过激,反应过火(overreact的现在分词)
Should we continue to wait? 还觉得我们应该继续等待吗？
Or should we, for example, do something about the trans women of color who are murdered and whose killers never see justice ? 或者,比方说,我们是否应该 为那些被杀害、但正义未得伸张的 有色跨性别女士做些什么？
justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
Do our circumstances seem dire to you yet? 在你看来,我们的处境是否很悲惨？
circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数) dire:adj.可怕的;悲惨的;极端的;
(Sighs) （叹息）
Finally , I want other trans people to realize they're not alone. 最后,我想让其他跨性别者 意识到,他们并不孤单。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
I grew up thinking my identity was an anomaly that would die with me. 长大后,我曾以为自己的异常 性别身份秘密会伴我进入坟墓。
identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; anomaly:n.异常;不规则;反常事物;
People drilled this idea of otherness into my mind, and I bought it because I didn't know anyone else like me. 人们强行灌输给我 这种‘’异常‘’的观念, 而我一直认为自己是怪胎, 因为我不知道有人和我一样。
otherness:n.差异性;相异;他物;
Maybe if I had known my ancestors sooner, it wouldn't have taken me so long to find a source of pride in my identity and in my community . 要是能早点知道 我的先辈们的话, 或许,我就不会那么久 才找到为自己的性别身份 和跨性别群体而自豪的源泉。
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Because I belong to an amazing, vibrant community of people that uplift each other even when others won't, that take care of each other even when we are struggling, that somehow , despite it all, still find cause to celebrate each other, to love each other, to look one another in the eyes and say, "You are not alone. 因为,我所属的跨性别群体 积极向上并充满活力, 当其他人贬低我们时, 我们彼此互相鼓励; 即使在我们挣扎的时候, 我们也彼此相互照顾; 不管有多难, 我们依然找到赞美彼此的理由, 找到彼此相爱的理由, 会看着彼此的眼睛,真诚地说: “你并不孤单,
vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的; uplift:vt.提高;抬起;vi.提高;上升;升起;n.举起,抬起;道德的向上;精神的高涨; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱;
You have us. 你还有我们呢。
And we're not going anywhere." 我们会一直在这里。”
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）