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SamanthaPower_2008-_讲述一个复杂的英雄_
I spent the better part of a decade looking at American responses to mass atrocity and genocide . 我花了许多年的时间 考察美国人对大规模的暴行和种族灭绝的反应。
responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数) mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; atrocity:n.暴行;凶恶,残暴; genocide:n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀;
And I'd like to start by sharing with you one moment that to me sums up what there is to know about American and democratic responses to mass atrocity. 我想跟大家分享一个我经历的重要时刻开始我的演讲 那个时刻唤起我关注 美国人和民主对大规模暴行的反应。
sums:n.算术题;总数;全部;v.归纳;总计;(sum的第三人称单数和复数) democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
And that moment came on April 21, 1994. 那是1994年4月21日。
So 14 years ago, almost, in the middle of the Rwandan genocide, in which 800,000 people would be systematically exterminated by the Rwandan government and some extremist militia . 将近14年前的今天,正在进行卢旺达种族灭绝, 在那个事件中,有80万人遭到有组织地屠杀, 刽子手是卢旺达政府和其他的极端分子。
systematically:adv.有系统地;有组织地; exterminated:vt.消灭;根除; extremist:n.极端主义者,过激分子; militia:n.民兵组织;自卫队;义勇军;国民军;
On April 21, in the New York Times, the paper reported that somewhere between 200 and 300,000 people had already been killed in the genocide. 在4月21号的纽约时报上, 报道有20万到30万人 在种族灭绝运动中遭到屠杀。
It was in the paper -- not on the front page . 这条消息是在报纸版面当中-而不是首页上。
front page:adj.(新闻等的)头版的;重要的;轰动的;vt.把…登在头版;
It was a lot like the Holocaust coverage , it was buried in the paper. 像大屠杀这样的报道很多, 都夹杂在报纸上的其他信息中间。
Holocaust:n.大屠杀;毁灭; coverage:n.覆盖,覆盖范围;
Rwanda itself was not seen as newsworthy , and amazingly, genocide itself was not seen as newsworthy. 卢旺达本身不怎么值得报道, 让人诧异的是,种族灭绝本身也不值得报道。
newsworthy:adj.有报导价值的;
But on April 21, a wonderfully honest moment occurred . 但是在4月21号,出现了一个非常诚实的时刻。
wonderfully:adv.精彩地;惊人地;极好地; occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式)
And that was that an American congresswoman named Patricia Schroeder from Colorado met with a group of journalists . 那就是有个美国女议员 来自科罗拉多州的帕特里夏施罗德 她接见了一批记者。
congresswoman:n.(美)国会女议员;众议院女议员; Colorado:n.科罗拉多;[城]科罗拉多州;科罗拉多河; journalists:n.新闻记者(journalist的复数);
And one of the journalists said to her, what's up? 其中一个记者问她,怎么回事？
What's going on in the US government? 美国政府怎么了？
Two to 300,000 people have just been exterminated in the last couple of weeks in Rwanda. 有20万到30万人在卢旺达遭到屠杀 就在最近几天。
It's two weeks into the genocide at that time, but of course, at that time you don't know how long it's going to last. 那个时候屠杀已经进行了两周, 当然,那时你不确定那个运动还要持续多久。
And the journalist said, why is there so little response out of Washington? 那个记者说,为什么华盛顿没有任何反应？
Why no hearings, no denunciations , no people getting arrested in front of the Rwandan embassy or in front of the White House ? What's the deal? 为什么没有听证会,没有谴责, 没有人在卢旺达大使馆前闹事,遭到被捕 或者是在白宫前面游行？到底怎么了？
denunciations:n.谴责,斥责;告发; embassy:n.大使馆;大使馆全体人员; White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿);
And she said - she was so honest - she said, "It's a great question. 这个女议员说-她非常诚实-她说,“你问了个好问题。
All I can tell you is that in my congressional office in Colorado and my office in Washington, were getting hundreds and hundreds of calls about the endangered ape and gorilla population in Rwanda, but nobody is calling about the people. 我可以告诉你,在我科罗拉多的议会办公室 和我在华盛顿的办公室, 收到了成百上千的电话 关于卢旺达即将灭绝的猿和大猩猩, 但是没有接到谈论当地人的电话。
congressional:adj.国会的;会议的;议会的; endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式) ape:n.[脊椎]猿;傻瓜;模仿者;vt.模仿;抢台词;adj.狂热的; gorilla:大猩猩
The phones just aren't ringing about the people." 就是没有关于人的电话。”
And the reason I give you this moment is, there's a deep truth in it. 我现在可以告诉你一个理由,有一个很深刻的道理。
And that truth is, or was, in the 20th century, that while we were beginning to develop endangered species movements, we didn't have an endangered people's movement. 这个道理是20世纪, 当我们开始开展拯救濒临物种的运动时, 我们并没有一个关于濒临灭绝人种的运动。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
We had Holocaust education in the schools. 在学校我们有关大屠杀内容的教育。
Most of us were groomed not only on images of nuclear catastrophe , but also on images and knowledge of the Holocaust. 我们大多数人不仅见识了核灾难的照片, 还学习了关于大屠杀的图片和知识。
groomed:adj.打扮的;修饰的;v.喂马(groom的过去式和过去分词);整饰;推荐; images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
There's a museum, of course, on the Mall in Washington, right next to Lincoln and Jefferson. 当然,华盛顿广场有个博物馆, 就在林肯和杰斐逊雕塑旁边。
I mean, we have owned Never Again culturally , appropriately , interestingly . 我的意思是,我们已经有了“再不让类似悲剧发生”的概念, 文化层面的,非常恰当且非常有趣的。
culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面; appropriately:adj.适当地;合适地;相称地; interestingly:adv.有趣地;
And yet the politicization of Never Again, the operationalization of Never Again, had never occurred in the 20th century. 但是政治层面的“再不发生”, 以及“再不发生”的实际操作, 在20世纪从未实现。
politicization:n.政治化; operationalization:n.操作化;
And that's what that moment with Patricia Schroeder I think shows: that if we are to bring about an end to the world's worst atrocities , we have to make it such. 我想这就是帕特里夏施罗德当时想的: 如果我们想阻止世界上最恐怖的暴行, 我们必须行动起来。
atrocities:n.暴行(atrocity的复数);残忍;
There has to be a role -- there has to be the creation of political noise and political costs in response to massive crimes against humanity , and so forth. 必须有个人- 必须发出政治声音,承担政治成本 作为对反人性的大规模犯罪的反应等等。
creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; in response to:响应;回答;对…有反应; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
So that was the 20th century. 那是20世纪的情况。
Now here -- and this will be a relief to you at this point in the afternoon -- there is good news, amazing news, in the 21st century, and that is that, almost out of nowhere , there has come into being 现在-对今天下午在座的你们来说,有一种解脱- 有一个好消息,非常让人惊奇的消息,在21世纪, 这就是,不知从哪里开始的,
relief:n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕; nowhere:v.无处; n.无处; adj.不存在的;
an anti-genocide movement, an anti-genocide constituency , and one that looks destined , in fact, to be permanent . 开展了反种族屠杀的运动,有了反种族屠杀的支持者, 这看起来是注定要产生的,事实上,也会永久存在下去。
constituency:n.(选区的)选民;支持者;(一批)顾客; destined:adj.注定的;命定的;去往…的;v.注定;(destine的过去式和过去分词) permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
It grew up in response to the atrocities in Darfur . 它是在反抗达尔富尔暴行的过程中产生的。
Darfur:n.达尔富尔(苏丹地名);
It is comprised of students. There are something like 300 anti-genocide chapters on college campuses around the country. 它主要由学生组成。大概有300个左右的反种族灭绝分会, 在全国各地的大学校园里。
comprised:v.包含(comprise的过去分词);由…组成; campuses:(大学)校园;大学;校园内的草地(campuse的复数);
It's bigger than the anti-apartheid movement. 它比反种族隔离运动规模要大。
anti-apartheid:反种族分离的,反种族隔离;
There are something like 500 high school chapters devoted to stopping the genocide in Darfur. 有大约500个高中分会 致力于阻止达尔富尔的种族灭绝。
devoted:adj.专心致志; v.献身; (devote的过去分词和过去式)
Evangelicals have joined it. Jewish groups have joined it. 新教徒加入了进来,犹太教徒也加入了。
Evangelicals:n.福音派(evangelical的复数形式); Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的;
Hotel Rwanda watchers have joined it. It is a cacophonous movement. 卢旺达酒店观察家也加入了进来。这是一个声势浩大的运动。
watchers:n.…观察家;…观察员;(watcher的复数) cacophonous:adj.粗腔横调的;发音不和谐的;
To call it a movement, as with all movements, perhaps, is a little misleading . 把这称作“运动”,和其他若干次运动一起,或许有些误导。
misleading:adj.误导的;引入歧途的;v.误导;引入歧途;使误信;(mislead的现在分词)
It's diverse . It's got a lot of different approaches . 这次运动非常多样化,有很多不同的方法。
diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度;
It's got all the ups and the downs of movements. 经历了所有运动都有的高潮和低谷。
But it has been amazingly successful in one regard, in that it has become, it has congealed into this endangered people's movement that was missing in the 20th century. 但是在一个方面,这次运动非常成功, 它变成了一个 针对所有面临种族灭绝危险的人群的运动 这种人群运动是20世纪没有的。
congealed:adj.凝结的,凝固的;
It sees itself, such as it is, the it, as something that will create the impression that there will be political cost, there will be a political price to be paid, 这次运动就是这样,不同, 它制造出这样一种印象,就是需要政治成本,或者说, 必须付出政治代价,
impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想;
for allowing genocide, for not having an heroic imagination , for not being an upstander but for being, in fact, a bystander . 允许种族屠杀,不让人们有做英雄的幻想, 不做一个支持者,而是,事实上,一个旁观者。
heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为; imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; bystander:n.旁观者;看热闹的人;
Now because it's student-driven, there's some amazing things that the movement has done. 现在因为是学生驱动的, 这个运动已经做了一些成绩。
They have launched a divestment campaign that has now convinced , I think, 55 universities in 22 states to divest their holdings of stocks with regard to companies doing business in Sudan. 他们已经发动了撤资运动 在22个州的55所学校里面已经得到证实了 让那些有股票的人赎回自己的股票 如果出售股票的公司在苏丹做生意的话。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) divestment:n.脱衣;剥夺(财产);转让部分投资; convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) holdings:n.股份;私有财产;馆藏;租种的土地;(holding的复数) stocks:n.[金融]股票; v.采购;
They have a 1-800-GENOCIDE number -- this is going to sound very kitsch , but for those of you who may not be, I mean, may be apolitical , but interested in doing something about genocide, 他们有一个1-8--GENOCIDE(种族灭绝)热线- 这听起来有些愚蠢, 但是对那些不,我的意思是,不怎么关心政治, 但是对种族灭绝感兴趣的人,
kitsch:n.粗劣作品;迎合低级趣味的作品; apolitical:adj.不关心政治的;无政治意义的;
you dial 1-800-GENOCIDE and you type in your zip code, and you don't even have to know who your congressperson is. 你可以拨打1-800-GENOCIDE,输入你的邮编, 你甚至不需要知道你们州的国会议员是谁。
congressperson:n.国会议员;
It will refer you directly to your congressperson, to your US senator , to your governor where divestment legislation is pending . 它也会直接接通到你的国会议员,或者是美国参议员, 或者接到州长那里,撤资立法虽然还未签订。
refer:v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; senator:n.参议员; legislation:n.立法;法律; pending:adj.悬而未决的; prep.在等待…时期; v.悬而未决; (pend的现在分词)
They've lowered the transaction costs of stopping genocide. 他们这样做降低了组织种族灭绝的交易成本。
transaction:n.处理;业务;办理;
I think the most innovative thing they've introduced recently are genocide grades. 我认为他们最近做的最有新意的事情 是种族灭绝评分。
innovative:adj.革新的,创新的; recently:adv.最近;新近;
And it takes students to introduce genocide grades. 需要学生来介绍这种种族灭绝评分。
So what you now have when a Congress is in session is members of Congress calling up these 19-year-olds or 24-year-olds and saying, I'm just told I have a D minus on genocide; what do I do to get a C. I just want to get a C. Help me. 所以你现在会看到,当国会开会时, 有国会议员会打给19岁或者24岁的学生,然后说, 我刚得知我的种族灭绝评分是D-; 我如何做才能得到C,我想得到C,请帮帮我。
session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会; minus:prep.减,减去;n.负号,减号;不足;负数;adj.减的;负的;
And the students and the others who are part of this incredibly energized base are there to answer that, and there's always something to do. 这时,该学生和其他人 那些同样是这个非常有活力的集体的一分子 会在那里,回答说,总有些办法的。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; energized:v.使充满热情; (energize的过去分词和过去式)
Now, what this movement has done is it has extracted from the Bush administration from the United States, at a time of massive over-stretch -- military , financial , diplomatic -- a whole series of commitments to Darfur that no other country in the world is making. 现在这个运动已经完成的不同于布什政府 从美国, 从军事、财政、外交都高度控制 对达尔富尔有着一系列的承诺, 世界上其他国家尚未做到的承诺。
extracted:adj.萃取的;引出的;v.提取(extract的过去式及过去分词); Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; diplomatic:adj.外交的;从事外交的;有手腕的;灵活变通的; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; commitments:n.承诺,保证;委托;承担义务;献身;(commitment的复数)
For instance , the referral of the crimes in Darfur to the International Criminal Court, which the Bush administration doesn't like. 例如,把达尔富尔的罪犯转给 国际法庭, 这是美国政府不喜欢的方式。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; referral:n.参照;提及;被推举的人;转诊病人;
The expenditure of 3 billion dollars in refugee camps to try to keep, basically , the people who've been displaced from their homes by the Sudanese government, by the so-called Janjaweed, the militia, to keep those people alive until something more durable can be achieved. 花30亿美元在那些难民营上, 基本养活了那些被 苏丹政府,被那些所谓的Janjaweed,被那些民兵驱逐出家园的人, 维持那些难民的生命 直到更加可持续的方案达成。
expenditure:n.支出,花费;经费,消费额; refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词) Sudanese:adj.苏丹的;苏丹人的;n.苏丹人; so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; durable:adj.耐用的;耐久的;长期的;长久的;n.耐久品;
And recently, or now not that recently, about six months ago, the authorization of a peacekeeping force of 26,000 that will go. 最近,或者不是最新的消息, 大概六个月前,维和部队得到授权, 两万六千士兵将被派驻那里。
authorization:n.授权,认可;批准,委任; peacekeeping:adj.维护和平的;执行停火协定的;
And that's all the Bush administration's leadership, and it's all because of this bottom-up pressure and the fact that the phones haven't stopped ringing from the beginning of this crisis . 这都是在布什政府的领导下, 都是因为有自下而上的压力 热线电话一直未断 从危机刚开始出现就这样。
bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
The bad news, however, to this question of will evil prevail , is that evil lives on. 坏消息是, 邪恶还存在。
evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸; prevail:v.流行;盛行;战胜;压倒;
The people in those camps are surrounded on all sides by so-called Janjaweed, these men on horseback with spears and Kalashnikovs . 难民营中的人被 所谓的Janjaweed军团围着,这些军人骑着马 带着矛还有卡拉什尼科夫冲锋枪。
horseback:n.马背;峻峭的山脊;adv.在马背上;adj.性急的;草率的;未经充分考虑的; Kalashnikovs:n.卡拉什尼科夫冲锋枪;
Women who go to get firewood in order to heat the humanitarian aid in order to feed their families -- humanitarian aid -- the dirty secret of it is it has to be heated, really, to be edible -- are themselves subjected to rape , which is a tool of the genocide that is being used. 女人们去拾柴来加热人道主义援助食品 来养活她们的家人-人道主义援助食品- 卑鄙的地方就在于需要加热才能吃,真的是这样- 她们也遭到强奸, 这是种族屠杀的工具之一。
firewood:n.柴火;木柴; humanitarian:adj.人道主义的;博爱的;基督凡人论的;n.人道主义者;基督凡人论者; edible:adj.可食用的;n.食品;食物; rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴;
And the peacekeepers I've mentioned, the force has been authorized , but almost no country on Earth has stepped forward since the authorization to actually put its troops or its police in harm's way. 我刚提到的维和部队,这些军队已经得到了联合国的授权, 但是从得到授权来,几乎没有国家迈出这一步, 把他们的部队实际派过去,或者是警察。
peacekeepers:维和人员(peacekeeper的复数); authorized:adj.核准的;v.批准;授权;(authorize的过去式和过去分词)
So we have achieved an awful lot relative to the 20th century, and yet far too little relative to the gravity of the crime that is unfolding as we sit here, as we speak. 所以我们实际做到的相比20世纪还是很多, 但是打击这些已经出现的严重犯罪的力度很小, 我们坐在这里,讨论这些。
relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; unfolding:v.(使)展开;打开;展示;透露;(unfold的现在分词)
Why the limits to the movement? 这种运动的局限性是什么?
Why is what has been achieved, or what the movement has done, been necessary but not sufficient to the crime? 为什么我们当前取得的,或者说运动带来的成效, 虽然很有必要,但是对制止犯罪却远远不够呢？
sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的;
I think there are a couple -- there are many reasons -- but a couple just to focus on briefly . 我认为有一些-应该说有很多原因- 但是我们今天只简要地集中讨论其中的一些。
briefly:adv.简要地;简短地;暂时地;
The first is that the movement, such as it is, stops at America's borders.It is not a global movement. 第一个是这些运动, 比如发生在美国边境内的运动。它并不是全球性的运动。
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
It does not have too many compatriots abroad who themselves are asking their governments to do more to stop genocide. 这些运动并没有得到很多国外同胞 那些认为他们的政府也该为阻止种族屠杀采取更多的措施。
compatriots:n.同胞(compatriot复数); abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国;
And the Holocaust culture that we have in this country makes Americans, sort of, more prone to, I think, want to bring Never Again to life. 我认为美国大屠杀的文化 使得美国人,部分使得我们更加 倾向于支持让这种事情“再不发生”。
prone:adj.俯卧的;有…倾向的,易于…的;
The guilt that the Clinton Administration expressed , that Bill Clinton expressed over Rwanda created a space in our society for a consensus that Rwanda was bad and wrong 克林顿政府表达出来的愧疚, 比尔·克林顿本人对卢旺达屠杀表示出来的愧疚 使得我们整个社会达成了这样一个共识, 那就是卢旺达政府很坏并且做了错事,
expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式) consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意;
and we wish we had done more, and that is something that the movement has taken advantage of. 我们希望能够做的更多,这种感情使得 运动更容易展开。
advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点:
European governments, for the most part , haven't acknowledged responsibility, and there's nothing to, kind of, to push back and up against. 而欧洲政府,很大程度上, 从未承认过他们的责任,没有什么 要承担或推卸的责任。
for the most part:adv.在极大程度上,多半;
So this movement, if it's to be durable and global, will have to cross borders, and you will have to see other citizens in democracies , not simply resting on the assumption 所以要想使得这项运动持续下去,推广到全球, 越过国界,我们就必须 去观察其他民主政体下的人民,而不仅仅是
democracies:民主; assumption:n.假定;设想;担任;采取;
that their government would do something in the face of genocide, but actually making it such. 设想他们的政府在种族屠杀面前会做出点什么, 我们要实际去推动这项运动。
in the face of:面对;
Governments will never gravitate towards crimes of this magnitude naturally or eagerly . 政府从不会自动关注这样大规模的犯罪 既不会自然地关注,也没有太多热情。
gravitate:vi.受引力作用;被吸引; magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度; naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; eagerly:adv.急切地;渴望地;热心地;
As we saw, they haven't even gravitated towards protecting our ports or reigning in loose nukes . 正如我们知道的,他们也不会自动去保护我们的港口 或者施加核制裁。
gravitated:v.被吸引到;受吸引而参加(gravitate的过去分词和过去式) reigning:adj.(冠军)现任的;v.统治;当政;为王;盛行;(reign的现在分词) loose:adj.宽松的; v.释放; v.松散地; n.放纵; nukes:n.核武器(nuke的复数); v.用核武器攻击;
why would we expect in a bureaucracy that it would orient itself towards distant suffering? 为什么我们会期待官僚机构能够调整方向, 关注遥远的人民所受的痛苦？
bureaucracy:n.官僚主义;官僚机构;官僚政治; orient:vt.使适应;确定方向;使朝东;n.东方;东方诸国;adj.东方的;vi.向东; distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的;
So one reason is, it hasn't gone global. 这是这项运动没有走向全球的一个原因。
The second is, of course, that at this time in particular in America's history we have a credibility problem, a legitimacy problem in international institutions . 第二个原因,当前,在这个美国历史上特殊的时刻 我们出现了信誉危机, 在国际机构中的合法性的问题。
in particular:尤其,特别; credibility:n.可信性;确实性; legitimacy:n.合法;合理;正统; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
It is structurally really, really hard to do, as the Bush administration rightly does, which is to denounce genocide on a Monday and then describe water boarding on a Tuesday as a no-brainer and then turn up on Wednesday and look for troop commitments. 这在结构上很难,真的很难解决, 正如布什政府正在做的, 周一谴责种族屠杀, 周二讨论水上登陆问题,就像一个没有脑子的人, 然后,周三又出面给部队各种承诺。
structurally:adv.在结构上; rightly:adv.正确地;恰当地;公正地;合适地; denounce:vt.谴责;告发;公然抨击;通告废除; describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; no-brainer:不需对其动脑筋的事物;
Now, other countries have their own reasons for not wanting to get involved . 现在,其他国家有他们不参与此事的理由了。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
Let me be clear. 让我说清楚一些。
They're in some ways using the Bush administration as an alibi . 他们在某种程度上把美国政府当做一个借口。
alibi:n.辩解;不在犯罪现场的抗辩事实;v.为某人提供不在现场的证词
But it is essential for us to be a leader in this sphere , of course to restore our standing and our leadership in the world. 当然,在这件事情上,我们必须成为一个领导者,这非常重要, 对于坚持我们的立场,以及我们对世界的领导权非常重要。
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; sphere:n.球;领域;球体;球形;v.使成球形;包围;把…放在球内;使处于天体之间; restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原;
The recovery's going to take some time. 复原需要时间。
We have to ask ourselves, what now? What do we do going forward as a country and as citizens in relationship to the world's worst places, the world's worst suffering, killers, and the kinds of killers that could come home to roost sometime in the future. 我们必须反问自己,现在该怎么办？我们如何作为一个国家、 一个公民维持与世界上最糟糕的地方的关系, 这个地方是世界上受苦最多的地方,杀手和准杀手们 在未来可能会自食恶果。
come home to roost:得到恶报;物归原主;冤冤相报;
The place that I turned to answer that question was to a man that many of you may not have ever heard of, and that is a Brazilian named Sergio Vieira de Mello who, as Chris said, was blown up in Iraq in 2003. 我要回答的问题来自一个男士 这个人你们或许从未听说过, 这个人是巴西人,叫塞尔吉奥·维埃拉·德梅洛, 他就像克里斯说的,在2003年伊拉克战争中被炸死。
Mello:梅洛;
He was the victim of the first-ever suicide bomb in Iraq. 他是最早的伊拉克自杀性爆炸袭击中的受害者。
victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者; first-ever:adj.第一例;前所未有; suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀;
It's hard to remember, but there was actually a time in the summer of 2003, even after the US invasion , where, apart from looting , civilians were relatively safe in Iraq. 这很难记起,是2003年夏天中的某个时间, 尽管在美国介入后, 伊拉克除了抢劫外,民众相对安全了许多。
invasion:n.武装入侵;侵略;侵犯;涌入;干预; looting:n.抢劫;洗劫,趁乱打劫;v.打劫(loot的现在分词); civilians:n.平民;市民;文官;无军职人员;(civilian的复数) relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地;
Now, who was Sergio? Sergio Vieira de Mello was his name. 那谁是塞尔吉奥呢？他的全名是塞尔吉奥·维埃拉·德梅洛。
In addition to being Brazilian, he was described to me before I met him in 1994 as someone who was a cross between 除了是个巴西人外,在1994年我们见面之前, 他被描述为介于詹姆斯邦德
In addition to:除…之外; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
James Bond on the one hand and Bobby Kennedy on the other. 和博比肯尼迪之间的一个人。
on the one hand:一方面; Bobby:警察
And in the UN, you don't get that many people who actually manage to merge those qualities. 在联合国,我们认为并没有很多人 能够将这两人的品质同时具备。
merge:vt.合并;使合并;吞没;vi.合并;融合;
He was James Bond-like in that he was ingenious . 他像詹姆斯邦德是说他的机警灵活。
ingenious:adj.有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的;
He was drawn to the flames, he chased the flames, he was like a moth to the flames. Something of an adrenalin junkie . 他被吸引到危险的事业中,他追逐这样的事业, 就像飞蛾扑火;就像上瘾后被激发的肾上腺素。
moth:n.蛾;蛀虫; adrenalin:n.肾上腺素; junkie:n.有毒瘾者;废旧品商人;
He was successful with women. 他对付女人也很有一套。
He was Bobby Kennedy-like because in some ways one could never tell if he was a realist masquerading as an idealist or a idealist masquerading as an realist, as people always wondered about Bobby Kennedy and John Kennedy in that way. 他像博比肯尼迪是说没有任何人能够说出 他是伪装成现实主义者的理想主义者 或者是伪装成理想主义者的现实主义者,正如人们经常 描述博比肯尼迪和约翰肯尼迪那样。
realist:n.现实主义者;实在论者; masquerading:v.假扮;乔装;伪装;(masquerade的现在分词) idealist:n.空想家,理想主义者;唯心主义者;adj.理想主义的;唯心主义的;
What he was was a decathlete of nation-building , of problem-solving , of troubleshooting in the world's worst places and in the world's most broken places. 他像全能运动员一样,处理国家建设,解决问题, 解决世界上最难的问题, 以及走访世界上最动乱的地方。
decathlete:n.十项全能选手;十项运动员; nation-building:国家建设; problem-solving:adj.问题解决的;n.解决问题;找出问题的答案; troubleshooting:n.解决纷争;发现并修理故障;v.检修(troubleshoot的ing形式);当调解人;
In failing states, genocidal states, under-governed states, precisely the kinds of places that threats to this country exist on the horizon , and precisely the kinds of places where most of the world's suffering tends to get concentrated . 在破碎的政权、种族灭绝的国家、无政府国家中, 正是这些对这个国家一直构成威胁, 也正是在这些地方 集中了世界上最悲惨的遭遇。
genocidal:adj.集团屠杀的,种族灭绝的; horizon:n.地平线;(欲望、知识或兴趣的)范围; concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词)
These are the places he was drawn to. 他正是被吸引到了这些地方。
He moved with the headlines. 他大张旗鼓地去了那里。
He was in the UN for 34 years. He joined at the age of 21. 他加入联合国34年,从21岁开始加入。
Started off when the causes in the wars d'jour in the '70s were wars of independence and decolonization . 从70年代的战争时期加入 是独立和反对殖民主义的战争。
independence:n.独立;独立性;自恃心;独立不羁的精神; decolonization:n.非殖民地化,殖民地自治化;
He was there in Bangladesh dealing with the outflow of millions of refugees -- the largest refugee flow in history up to that point. 那时他在孟加拉国 处理成百万的难民外流- 那是当时历史上最大的难民潮。
outflow:n.流出;流出量;流出物;vi.流出; refugees:n.避难者;逃亡者;难民;(refugee的复数)
He was in Sudan when the civil war broke out there. 当苏丹内战爆发时他正在那里。
He was in Cyprus right after the Turkish invasion. 在土耳其入侵时,他正在塞浦路斯。
Turkish:adj.土耳其的;土耳其人的,土耳其语的;突厥诸语言的;n.土耳其语;
He was in Mozambique for the War of Independence. 他在莫桑比克参与了独立运动。
He was in Lebanon . Amazingly, he was in Lebanon -- the UN base was used -- 他在黎巴嫩。很神奇的是,他在黎巴嫩-联合国基地被用来-
Lebanon:n.黎巴嫩(西南亚国家,位于地中海东岸);
Palestinians staged attacks out from behind the UN base. 正是在联合国基地后部不远处巴勒斯坦人发动了攻击。
Israel then invaded and overran the UN base. 以色列人入侵,占据了当时的联合国基地。
Israel:n.以色列(亚洲国家);犹太人,以色列人; invaded:v.入侵;拥入;遍布(invade的过去分词);adj.被侵入的; overran:v.泛滥;蔓延(overrun的过去式);
Sergio was in Beirut when the US Embassy was hit by the first-ever suicide attack against the United States. 当美国大使馆被袭时,塞尔吉奥在贝鲁特 受到针对美国政府的第一个自杀性人体炸弹的袭击。
Beirut:n.贝鲁特(黎巴嫩一港口);
People date the beginning of this new era to 9/11, but surely 1983, with the attack on the US Embassy and the Marine barracks -- which Sergio witnessed -- those are, in fact, in some ways, the dawning of the era that we find ourselves in today. 人们认为自杀炸弹事件最早是9/11,但是事实上应该是在1983年, 对美国大使馆和海军基地的袭击- 这些塞尔吉奥都目睹了-事实上,在某种程度上, 这些是我们今天这些运动的起点。
Marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; barracks:n.兵营,营房; v.使驻扎军营里; (澳)大声鼓噪(barrack的三单形式); witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词) dawning:n.黎明,拂晓;东;v.破晓;展现;显露(dawn的ing形式);
From Lebanon he went to Bosnia in the '90s. 90年代,从黎巴嫩回来之后,他去了波西尼亚。
Bosnia:n.波斯尼亚;波士尼亚;
The issues were, of course, ethnic sectarian violence . 那些事件是种族宗教暴力。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) ethnic:adj.种族的;人种的; sectarian:adj.宗派的;偏狭的;党派心强的;n.属于宗派的人;宗派心强的人;宗派主义者; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
He was the first person to negotiate with the Khmer Rouge . 他是第一个与红色高棉人进行谈判的。
negotiate:v.谈判,商议;转让;越过; Rouge:n.胭脂; v.擦口红; adj.(罕)红的(只用于:R-Croix(英国)纹章局四属官之一;
Talk about evil prevailing . I mean, here he was in the room with the embodiment of evil in Cambodia . 谈论邪恶的盛行。我的意思是,当前他与 柬埔寨邪恶的代表在同一个房间。
prevailing:adj.流行的;一般的;占优势的;v.盛行,流行;获胜;(prevail的现在分词形式) embodiment:n.体现;化身;具体化; Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲);
He negotiates with the Serbs. 他与塞尔维亚人谈判。
negotiates:vt.谈判,商议;转让;越过;vi.谈判,交涉;
He actually crosses so far into this realm of talking to evil and trying to convince evil that it doesn't need to prevail that he earns the nickname -- not Sergio but Serbio while he's living in the Balkans and conducting these kinds of negotiations . 他甚至谈论到了善恶 并且试图说服恶的一方不要那么猖獗, 为此,他得到了一个昵称-不是塞尔吉奥而是赛尔比奥 当时他就住在巴尔干,进行这些谈判。
realm:n.领域,范围;王国; nickname:n.绰号;昵称;v.给…取绰号;叫错名字; conducting:v.组织;安排;实施;指挥;引导;导游(conduct的现在分词) negotiations:n.谈判(negotiation的复数);磋商;
He then goes to Rwanda and to Congo in the aftermath of the genocide, and he's the guy who has to decide -- huh, OK, the genocide is over; 800,000 people have been killed; the people responsible are fleeing into neighboring countries -- into Congo, into Tanzania. 他之后去到卢旺达和刚果,就在种族屠杀之后, 他是那种有决心的人-嗯,好啦,种族屠杀到此为止吧, 80万人已经被杀死了;对此负责的人已经转移 到邻近的国家-到刚果,到坦桑比亚。
aftermath:n.后果;余波; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; fleeing:v.迅速离开;逃避,逃跑;(flee的现在分词) neighboring:adj.邻近的;接壤的;v.邻近;使接近;位于…附近;(neighbor的现在分词)
I'm Sergio, I'm a humanitarian, and I want to feed those -- well, I don't want to feed the killers but I want to feed the two million people who are with them, so we're going to go, we're going to set up camps, and we're going to supply humanitarian aid. 我是塞尔吉奥,我是人道主义者,我会援助那些- 当然,我不想援助杀手, 但我想救助与杀手混在一起的两百万人口,所以我们出发吧, 我们到那里建难民营, 我们要提供人道主义援助。
But, uh-oh, the killers are within the camps. 但是,哦,杀手也在那些难民营里。
Well, I'd like to separate the sheep from the wolves. 我要把羊和狼分开。
Let me go door-to-door to the international community and see if anybody will give me police or troops to do the separation . 让我们到国际社区挨个去找国家, 看看是否有哪个国家愿意派出军队或者警察来把杀手和难民分开。
door-to-door:v.送货上门地; adj.送货上门的; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离;
And their response, of course, was no more than we wanted to stop the genocide and put our troops in harm's way to do that, nor do we now want to get in the way and pluck genocidaires from camps. 当然,他们的反应不仅仅想阻止 种族屠杀,并用军队以一种伤害的方式来区分杀手和难民, 我们当时也不想以这种武力方式把种族屠杀分子从难民营里驱逐出去。
no more than:adv.只是;仅仅; get in the way:妨碍;挡道;挡住去路;阻碍; pluck:n.勇气;内脏;快而猛的拉;vt.摘;拔;扯;vi.拉;拽;扯;
So then you have to make the decision. 随后你必须做这个决定。
Do you turn off the international spigot of life support and risk two million civilian lives? 你要么断绝挽救生命的国际援助, 拿两百万人的生命冒险？
spigot:n.龙头;栓;饮水的地方; life support:adj.保障生命的,维持生命的;
Or do you continue feeding the civilians, knowing that the genocidaires are in the camps, literally sharpening their knives for future battle? 或者你继续救助这些难民,即使知道种族屠杀分子就在 人群中间,并且为继续屠杀暗暗做着准备？
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: sharpening:n.加强; v.加强; adj.打磨的;
What do you do? 你会怎么选择？
It's all lesser-evil terrain in these broken places. 在这些破碎的地方,都会面临较小恶行这样的选择。
terrain:n.[地理]地形,地势;领域;地带;
Late '90s: nation-building is the cause d'jour. 90年代后期:建设国家是根本之道。
He's the guy put in charge. He's the Paul Bremer or the Jerry Bremer of first Kosovo and then East Timor. He governs the places. 塞尔吉奥是那个负责的家伙。他是什么保罗·布雷默或者杰瑞·布雷默, 他首先走访科索沃,之后是东帝汶。他管理那些地方。
He's the viceroy . He has to decide on tax policy , on currency , on border patrol , on policing. He has to make all these judgements . 他是主管,他必须决定税收政策和货币, 安排边境巡逻和部署警力。他必须做这些判断。
viceroy:n.总督;(北美)一种黑色蝴蝶; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; currency:n.货币;通货; patrol:n.巡逻;巡逻队;侦察队;vt.巡逻;巡查;vi.巡逻;巡查; judgements:n.判断(judgement的复数);
He's a Brazilian in these places. He speaks seven languages. 在这些地方,他是一个巴西人,会七种语言。
He's been up to that point in 14 war zones so he's positioned to make better judgments , perhaps, than people who have never done that work. 到那时,他已经去过14个战争地区 或许,他能够做出更好的判断, 比那些从未做过类似工作的人。
judgments:判断;
But nonetheless , he is the cutting edge of our experimentation with doing good with very few resources being brought to bear in, again, the world's worst places. 但是无论如何,他刚好是我们实验的典范 用很少的资源做了善事, 并且,是在世界上最糟糕的地方。
nonetheless:adv.尽管如此,但是; cutting edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; experimentation:n.实验;试验; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
And then after Timor, 9/11 has happened, he's named UN Human Rights Commissioner , and he has to balance liberty and security and figure out, what do you do when the most powerful country in the United Nations is bowing out of the Geneva Conventions , bowing out of international law? Do you denounce? 在帝汶岛(马来群岛中一岛)之后,发生了9/11事件, 他作为联合国的人权事务高级专员, 必须在自由和安全之间实现平衡,并指出, 在联合国最有实力的国家 违反了日内瓦国际公约, 违反了国际法之后你该怎么办？你会站出来谴责吗？
Commissioner:n.理事;委员;行政长官;总裁; liberty:n.自由;许可;冒失; United Nations:n.联合国; Conventions:n.[法]惯例;会议;[计]约定(convention的复数);
Well, if you denounce, you're probably never going to get back in the room. 如果你谴责的话, 你或许再也无法回到那个团体中。
Maybe you stay reticent . Maybe you try to charm President Bush -- and that's what he did. And in so doing he earned himself, unfortunately , his final and tragic appointment to Iraq -- the one which resulted in his death. 或许你保持沉默。也或许你试图说服布什政府- 他正是这么做的。正是因为这样,他为自己赢得了, 不幸的是,他最后一任也是最悲惨的一任职务,去伊拉克- 正是这导致了他的死亡。
reticent:adj.沉默的;有保留的;谨慎的; charm:n.魅力;咒语;吸引力;魔力;v.迷住;吸引;保护; unfortunately:adv.不幸地; tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的; appointment:n.任命;约定;任命的职位;
One note on his death, which is so devastating , is that despite predicating the war on Iraq on a link between Saddam Hussein and terrorism in 9/11, believe it or not, the Bush administration or the invaders did no planning, no pre-war planning, to respond to terrorism. 关于他去世还有一个需要注意的,也是令人绝望的, 那就是,尽管发动了伊拉克战争, 借着萨达姆侯赛因和911恐怖袭击的机会, 信不信有你,布什政府或者说入侵者 并没有计划,没有在战前计划对恐怖主义做出反应。
devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; predicating:v.预测(predicate的ing形式);断定; Saddam:n.萨达姆(伊拉克前总统); terrorism:n.恐怖主义; invaders:n.侵略者(invader的复数);侵入种; pre-war:adj.战前的; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和;
So Sergio -- this receptacle of all of this learning on how to deal with evil and how to deal with brokenness , lay under the rubble for three and a half hours without rescue . 因此,塞尔吉奥-他在学习如何处理恶行方面是最值得尊敬的一位 并且知道如何处理烂摊子- 他躺倒在废墟中三个半小时,无一人援救。
receptacle:n.[植]花托;容器;插座; brokenness:破碎;破碎感; rubble:n.碎石,碎砖;粗石堆; rescue:n.救援;抢救;营救;获救;v.抢救;营救;援救;
Stateless . The guy who tried to help the stateless people his whole career. 没有国籍。在他的一生中,塞尔吉奥尽力帮助那些没有国籍的人。
Stateless:adj.没有国家的;无国家主权的;
Like a refugee. Because he represents the UN. 像一个难民营。因为他代表着联合国。
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数)
If you represent everyone, in some ways you represent no one. 如果你代表每一个人,在某种程度上也可以说你谁也代表不了。
You're un-owned. 你不被任何人接受。
And what the American -- the most powerful military in the history of mankind was able to muster for his rescue, believe it or not, was literally these heroic two American soldiers went into the shaft . Building was shaking. 美国-这个人类历史上最强大的军事国家 能够为挽救他的生命做些什么呢, 信不信由你,实质上只两个英雄式的美国士兵 走到建筑物里面。建筑物在摇晃。
mankind:n.人类;男性; muster:vt.召集;对…进行点名;使振作;n.集合;检阅;点名册;集合人员;vi.召集;聚集; shaft:n.拍杆;[机]轴;箭杆;杆状物;v.利用;在…上装杆;
One of them had been at 9/11 and lost his buddies on September 11th, and yet went in and risked his life in order to save Sergio. 他们其中一个曾经经历过911事件,并在事件中丧失了他的伙伴, 走进了摇晃的建筑物,冒着生命的危险救塞尔吉奥。
buddies:n.伙伴,好朋友;v.交朋友;(buddy的第三人称单数和复数)
But all they had was a woman's handbag -- literally one of those basket handbags -- and they tied it to a curtain rope from one of the offices at UN headquarters , 他们当时拥有的仅仅是一个女士手提包- 具体来说是一个篮子- 他们把篮子绑到联合国总部大楼一间办公室的窗帘绳上,
headquarters:n.总部;指挥部;司令部;
and created a pulley system into this shaft in this quivering building in the interests of rescuing this person, the person we most need to turn to now, this shepherd , at a time when so many of us feel like we're lacking guidance. 制作了一个轮滑系统伸到了摇晃建筑物中的这个部分 为了救这个人, 这个我们当前最需要救助的,这个牧羊人, 每次当我们感觉缺乏指导的时候。
pulley:n.滑轮;皮带轮;滑车;vt.用滑轮升起; quivering:v.轻微颤动;抖动;抽动;哆嗦;(quiver的现在分词) rescuing:v.营救;援救;抢救;(rescue的现在分词) shepherd:vt.牧羊;带领;指导;看管;n.牧羊人;牧师;指导者;
And this was the pulley system. This was what we were able to muster for Sergio. 那个简易的轮滑系统。那是我们能够挽救塞尔吉奥的东西。
The good news, for what it's worth, is after Sergio and 21 others were killed that day in the attack on the UN, the military created a search and rescue unit 好消息,也是值得的, 是当塞尔吉奥和其他21个在那天针对联合国的袭击中牺牲之后, 部队成立了调查和援救小组,
that had the cutting equipment, the shoring wood, the cranes , the things that you would have needed to do the rescue. 他们有切割设备,有用于支护的木头,起重机, 那些在营救中必须的设备。
cranes:n.起重机; v.伸长(脖子)以便看得更清楚; (crane的复数)
But it was too late for Sergio. 但是这对塞尔吉奥来说已经太迟了。
I want to wrap up, but I want to close with what I take to be the four lessons from Sergio's life on this question of how do we prevent evil from prevailing, which is how I would have framed the question. 我想做个总结,但是我想以 我从塞尔吉奥一生中学到的四个教训结束, 关于如何阻止恶行的蔓延, 也是我理解这个问题的方式。
wrap:v.缠绕;隐藏;掩护;包起来;缠绕;穿外衣;n.外套;围巾; framed:v.给…做框;给…镶边;制订;拟订;(frame的过去分词和过去式)
Here's this guy who got a 34-year head start thinking about the kinds of questions we as a country are grappling with, we as citizens are grappling with now. What do we take away? 正是这个人花了34年时间 思考我们这个国家正在努力解决的问题, 我们这些公民正在面临的问题。我们能学到什么呢？
head start:领先;抢先起步的优势;有利的开端; grappling:v.扭打;搏斗;努力设法解决;(grapple的现在分词)
First, I think, is his relationship to, in fact, evil is something to learn from. 首先,我认为,是他与恶行的关系,事实上,恶行是需要学习的,
He, over the course of his career, changed a great deal. 他,在他的一生中,做出了许多改变。
He had a lot of flaws , but he was very adaptive . 他有很多不足,但是他的适应能力很强。
flaws:n.[材]缺陷;[力]裂缝(flaw的复数);v.有裂纹;使有裂缝(flaw的单三形式); adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的;
I think that was his greatest quality. 我认为这是他最棒的品质。
He started as somebody who would denounce harmdoers, he would charge up to people who were violating international law, and he would say, you're violating, this is the UN Charter. 他一开始也谴责那些造成伤害的人, 他指控那些违反国际法的人, 他会说,你犯法了,这是联合国的条例。
violating:v.违背,违反(violate的现在分词);
Don't you see it's unacceptable what you're doing? 难道你不觉得你这样做是难以让人接受的？
unacceptable:adj.不能接受(或允许、同意)的;
And they would laugh at him because he didn't have the power of states, the power of any military or police. 他们会嘲笑他,因为他没有国家的实力, 也没有军队和警察。
He just had the rules, he had the norms , and he tried to use them. 他有的只是规则,标准,试图使用它们。
norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式);
And in Lebanon, Southern Lebanon in '82, he said to himself and to everybody else, 在黎巴嫩南部,1982年, 他对自己和其他人说,
I will never use the word unacceptable again. 我再也不用“无法接受”一词了。
I will never use it. I will try to make it such, but I will never use that word again. 我绝不使用它。我试图这样做, 但是我再也不会用这个词了。
But he lunged in the opposite direction. 他朝着另一个方向走去。
lunged:adj.肺般的;有肺的;v.踢;突进;刺出(lunge的过去分词);
He started, as I mentioned, to get in the room with evil, to not denounce, and became almost obsequious when he won the nickname Serbio, for instance, and even when he negotiated with the Khmer Rouge would black-box what had occurred prior to entering the room. 他开始,就像我提到的,开始走进恶行, 不去谴责,几乎变得顺从, 例如,当他赢得赛尔比奥这个昵称时, 甚至当他与红色高棉人谈判时, 在走进谈判室之前也会把那些人曾经做过的恶行放在脑后。
obsequious:adj.谄媚的;奉承的;顺从的; negotiated:adj.商谈的;v.谈判,协商(negotiate过去式和过去分词形式); black-box:黑箱;(装在飞机上记录飞行情况等的)密封仪器; prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先;
But by the end of his life, I think he had struck a balance that we as a country can learn from. 在他生命的最后阶段,我认为他在尽力实现平衡, 这是我们作为一个国家应该学习的。
Be in the room, don't be afraid of talking to your adversaries , but don't bracket what happened before you entered the room. 在谈判室,不要畏惧你的敌手, 但是在进入谈判室之前,不要抱着先入为主的态度。
adversaries:敌手; bracket:n.支架;括号;墙上凸出的托架;v.括在一起;把…归入同一类;排除;
Don't black-box history. Don't check your principles at the door. 不要回顾历史。不要检视你的原则。
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
And I think that's something that we have to be in the room, whether it's Nixon going to China or Khrushchev and Kennedy or Reagan and Gorbachev. 我想这就是我们在谈判室应该做的, 无论是尼克松去中国、赫鲁晓夫和肯尼迪 抑或是里根和戈尔巴乔夫的谈判。
Nixon:n.尼克松(美国第37任总统);
All the great progress in this country with relation to our adversaries has come by going into the room. 我们这个国家在于敌手的关系中最大的进步 都开始于谈判桌。
And it doesn't have to be an act of weakness. 它不必是示弱。
You can actually do far more to build an international coalition against a harmdoer or a wrongdoer by being in the room and showing to the rest of the world that that person, that regime , is the problem and that you, the United States, are not the problem. 实际上,你可以通过谈判和那些 造成伤害者或者做错事者建立国际联合。 并且向全世界展示那个人,那个政权 是问题所在,而你,美国,并没有问题。
coalition:n.联合;结合,合并; wrongdoer:n.做坏事的人;违法犯罪者; regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制;
Second take-away from Sergio's life, briefly. 其次从塞尔吉奥一生中学到的,简短地说。
take-away:带走
What I take away, and this in some ways is the most important, he espoused and exhibited a reverence for dignity that was really, really unusual. 我学到的,某种程度上是最重要的, 他信奉和展现出对尊严的敬重, 这一点,真的,很不同寻常。
espoused:支持;嫁娶;信奉(espouse的过去式,过去分词); exhibited:adj.展出的;v.展出;表现出(exhibit的过去分词); reverence:n.崇敬;尊严;敬礼;vt.敬畏;尊敬; dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
At a micro level, the individuals around him were visible . 从微观层面说,他能够看到那些他周围的人。
micro:adj.极小的;基本的;微小的;n.<口>微型计算机;微处理器; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); visible:adj.明显的;看得见的;现有的;可得到的;n.可见物;进出口贸易中的有形项目;
He saw them. 他看见了他们。
At a macro level, he thought, you know, we talk about democracy promotion, but we do it in a way sometimes that's an affront to people's dignity. 从宏观上说,他思考过,要知道, 我们谈论过促进民主,但是我们实现它的方式 有时候是通过冒犯人的尊严。
macro:adj.巨大的,大量的;n.宏,巨(计算机术语); democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治; affront:vt.冒犯,有意冒犯;面对;公开侮辱;n.轻蔑;公开侮辱;
We put people on humanitarian aid and we boast about it because we've spent three billion. 我们施加人道主义援助, 并且吹嘘这件事情,因为我们因此花了30亿美元。
boast:v.自夸;自吹自擂;n.夸耀;夸口;
It's incredibly important, those people would no longer be alive if the United States, for instance, hadn't spent that money in Darfur, but it's not a way to live. 这非常重要, 例如,如果没有美国,这些人会饿死, 如果这些钱不花在达尔富尔的话, 但是这并不是指生活方式。
If we think about dignity in our conduct as citizens and as individuals with relation to the people around us, and as a country, if we could inject a regard for dignity into our dealings with other countries, it would be something of a revolution . 如果你考虑过,作为公民,我们行为中的尊严 以及作为个体与周围人关系, 还有作为国家,如果我们能够实现对尊严的敬重 在于他国交往的过程中, 这会成为一场革命。
inject:v.注入;注射; dealings:n.交易;来往; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
Third point, very briefly. He talked a lot about freedom from fear. 在此,很简短。他多次提到不要害怕。
And I recognize there is so much to be afraid of. 我认为要怕的东西有许多。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
There are so many genuine threats in the world. 在这个世界上有那么多真实存在的威胁。
genuine:adj.真实的,真正的;诚恳的;
But what Sergio was talking about is, let's calibrate our relationship to the threat. 但是塞尔吉奥谈论的是, 让我们来庆祝与威胁的关系。
calibrate:vt.校正;调整;测定口径;
Let's not hype the threat; let's actually see it clearly. 我们不要夸大威胁;而是看清楚它。
hype:n.大肆宣传;皮下注射;vt.大肆宣传;使…兴奋;
We have reason to be afraid of melting ice caps. 我们有理由害怕融化的冰川。
melting:adj.感人的;v.(使)熔化,融化;(melt的现在分词)
We have reason to be afraid that we haven't secured loose nuclear material in the former Soviet Union. 我们有理由害怕我们没有办法去解决 前苏联泄露的核物质。
Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人;
Let's focus on what are the legitimate challenges and threats, but not lunge into bad decisions because of a panic , of a fear. 让我们集中于立法方面的挑战和威胁, 不仅仅是因为存在焦虑和害怕就做出错误的决定。
legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize); panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措;
In times of fear, for instance, one of the things Sergio used to say is, fear is a bad advisor. 当我们感觉恐惧时,例如,塞尔吉奥曾经说过一件事 他说害怕是个坏顾问。
We lunge towards the extremes when we aren't operating and trying to, again, calibrate our relationship to the world around us. 我们走向了极端, 如果我们不去开创,和试图 庆祝我们与周围世界的关系。
extremes:n.极端不同的感情;极端;极度;极限;(extreme的复数)
Fourth and final point: he somehow , because he was working in all the world's worst places and all lesser evils, had a humility , of course, and an awareness of the complexity of the world around him. 最后的一点:他,或许由于他 在世界各地的工作经历,他面对所有较小的恶行时, 都有一种谦卑感,当然, 他对周围世界复杂性的认识也是无与伦比的。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; lesser:adj.较少的;次要的;更小的;adv.较少地;更小地;不及; humility:n.谦卑,谦逊; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; complexity:n.复杂性;难以理解的局势
I mean, such an acute awareness of how hard it was. 我的意思是,他对到底有多困难有着非常敏锐的认识。
acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的;
How Sisyphean this task was of mending , and yet aware of that complexity, humbled by it, he wasn't paralyzed by it. 要解决这些任务是永远都做不完的, 尽管他知道任务的复杂性, 并由此感到自己的渺小,但是他并没有因此停滞不前。
mending:n.(对衣服的)缝补;v.修理;修补;缝补;解决(争端);(mend的现在分词) humbled:使...卑下;轻松打败(尤指强大的对手);贬低(humble的过去式和过去分词); paralyzed:adj.瘫痪的;麻痹的;v.使麻痹;使无力;使失去勇气(paralyze的过去分词);
And we as citizens, as we go through this experience of the, kind of, the crisis of confidence , crisis of competence , crisis of legitimacy, 我们作为公民,当我们经历这些,某种程度上的, 自信心危机,能力危机和合法性危机,
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; competence:n.能力,胜任;权限;作证能力;足以过舒适生活的收入;
I think there's a temptation to pull back from the world and say, ah, Katrina, Iraq -- we don't know what we're doing. 我认为都会产生一种逃离世界的冲动,并说, 啊,卡媞丽娜,伊拉克-我们不知道自己正在做什么。
temptation:n.诱惑;引诱;煽诱人的事物;
We can't afford to pull back from the world. 我们承担不起逃离世界的后果。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
It's a question of how to be in the world. 问题是该如何在这个世界上存在。
And the lesson, I think, of the anti-genocide movement that I mentioned, that is a partial success but by no means has it achieved what it has set out to do -- 这些教训,我认为, 这些反种族灭绝运动 是局部的成功,但是无论如何 它是否达到了当初设立的目标了呢-
partial:adj.部分的;不完整的;片面的;有偏见的; by no means:决不;
it'll be many decades, probably, before that happens -- but it's that if we want to see change, we have to become the change. 这需要经过数十年,可能的话,它才能实现目标- 但是如果我们想要看到变化,我们自己首先需要改变。
We can't rely upon our institutions to do the work of necessarily talking to adversaries on their own without us creating a space for that to happen, for having respect for dignity, and for bringing that combination of humility and a sort of emboldened sense of responsibility to our dealings with the rest of the world. 我们不能依赖直觉去做事, 去与我们的敌手谈判, 而不提供实现的可能性, 对尊严报以敬重, 把谦逊和 责任感结合起来 建设世界上其他地方。
rely upon:依靠;依赖;取决于; necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地; combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; emboldened:v.使增加勇气;使更有信心;将(文本)变成粗体;(embolden的过去分词和过去式)
So will evil prevail? Is that the question? 恶行会蔓延吗？是这个问题吧？
I think the short answer is: no, not unless we let it. 我认为简短的回答应该是,不,除非我们想让它发生。
Thank you. 谢谢！
(Applause) （鼓掌）