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SamKass_2015P-_想教好孩子们？先把他们喂好_
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| I am a chef and a food policy guy, but I come from a whole family of teachers. |
我是一个大厨, 也是一个食物政策专家, 但是我来自一个教师家庭。 |
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policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
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| My sister is a special ed teacher in Chicago. |
我的姐姐是芝加哥的一个特殊教育老师, |
| My father just retired after 25 years teaching fifth grade. |
我的父亲当了25年的五年级老师,刚刚退休。 |
| My aunt and uncle were professors. |
我的姑姑和叔叔是教授。 |
| My cousins all teach. |
我的堂兄妹都是老师。 |
| Everybody in my family, basically , teaches except for me. |
基本上我家里的所有人除了我都是老师。 |
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basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
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| They taught me that the only way to get the right answers is to ask the right questions. |
他们教会我得到正确答案的唯一方式 就是问出正确的问题。 |
| So what are the right questions when it comes to improving the educational outcomes for our children? |
所以当谈到 提高我们孩子的教育水平,什么才是正确的问题？ |
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improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的 outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数)
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| There's obviously many important questions, but I think the following is a good place to start: |
显而易见有很多重要的问题, 但是我觉得可以从这个问题开始: |
| What do we think the connection is between a child's growing mind and their growing body? |
我们认为孩子发育中的头脑和 他们发育中的身体 有什么联系？ |
| What can we expect our kids to learn if their diets are full of sugar and empty of nutrients ? |
我们能够期望我们的孩子学到什么, 如果他们的饮食充满糖分却缺少营养？ |
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nutrients:营养盐;[食品]营养素;
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| What can they possibly learn if their bodies are literally going hungry? |
如果他们的身体 经常处于饥饿状态,他们怎么可能学到东西呢？ |
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literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
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| And with all the resources that we are pouring into schools, we should stop and ask ourselves: |
我们向学校投入了大量的资源, 但我们应该停下自问: |
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resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); pouring:v.倾倒;倾泻;连续流出;倒出;喷发;(pour的现在分词)
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| Are we really setting our kids up for success? |
“我们真的在为孩子们的成功铺路吗？” |
| Now, a few years ago, |
几年前, |
| I was a judge on a cooking competition called " Chopped ." |
我是一个烹饪节目“厨艺大战（Chopped）”的裁判。 |
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competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛; Chopped:v.切碎;剁碎;砍;劈;降低;取消;(chop的过去分词和过去式)
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| Four chefs compete with mystery ingredients to see who can cook the best dishes. |
大厨们用神秘食材比拼, 看谁能煮出最棒的菜肴。 |
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compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛); ingredients:n.成分;(尤指烹饪)原料;(成功的)要素;(ingredient的复数)
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| Except for this episode — it was a very special one. |
除了某一集,这集非常特殊。 |
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episode:n.一段经历;片段,插曲;一集;
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| Instead of four overzealous chefs trying to break into the limelight — something that I would know nothing about — |
不是四个专业的大厨尝试得到公众的注意—— 对这个我不太了解—— |
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overzealous:adj.过分热心的; limelight:n.石灰光,石灰光灯;众人注目的中心;v.使显露头角,使受到注目;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| these chefs were school chefs; you know, the women that you used to call "lunch ladies," |
这些大厨是学校厨师; 就是那些被你们称为“食堂大婶儿”的人, |
| but the ones I insist we call "school chefs." |
但我坚持叫她们“校园厨师”。 |
| Now, these women — God bless these women — spend their day cooking for thousands of kids, breakfast and lunch, with only $2.68 per lunch, with only about a dollar of that actually going to the food. |
这些女人——她们非常伟大—— 每天为上千个孩子做饭, 早餐和午餐,每份午餐只有2.68美元的预算, 而其中只有一美元真正花在了食物上。 |
| In this episode, the main-course mystery ingredient was quinoa . |
在这集节目中, 主要的神秘食材是藜麦。 |
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quinoa:n.藜麦;奎奴亚藜(原产于安第斯山脉地区);印第安麦;
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| Now, I know it's been a long time since most of you have had a school lunch, and we've made a lot of progress on nutrition , but quinoa still is not a staple in most school cafeterias. |
我知道距离你们大多数人 上次吃学校午餐已经很久了, 我们已经在营养上取得了很大进步, 但是藜麦依旧不是学校餐厅的主食。 |
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nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品; staple:n.主要产品; adj.主要的,常用的; v.把…分级;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So this was a challenge. |
所以这是一个挑战。 |
| But the dish that I will never forget was cooked by a woman named Cheryl Barbara. |
但是我永远不会忘记一个名叫谢丽尔·巴巴拉的女人 所煮的菜。 |
| Cheryl was the nutrition director at High School in the Community in Connecticut. |
谢丽尔是康涅狄格州社区高中的 营养负责人。 |
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Community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
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| She cooked this delicious pasta . |
她能煮美味的意大利面食。 |
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pasta:n.意大利面食;面团;
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| It was amazing. |
非常好吃。 |
| It was a pappardelle with Italian sausage , kale , Parmesan cheese. |
是宽面条配意大利香肠, 甘蓝和帕玛森芝士。 |
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sausage:香肠,腊肠, kale:n.[植]羽衣甘蓝;蔬菜汤; Parmesan:n.用脱脂乳制成的坚硬的意大利干酪;帕尔马干酪;adj.意大利帕尔马城的;
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| It was delicious, like, restaurant-quality good, except — she basically just threw the quinoa, pretty much uncooked , into the dish. |
非常美味,达到了餐馆水准, 除了她基本上只是把没熟的藜麦 扔进面里。 |
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uncooked:adj.未煮过的;
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| It was a strange choice, and it was super crunchy . |
这是一个奇怪的选择, 而且吃起来非常脆。 |
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crunchy:adj.易碎的;发嘎吱嘎吱声的;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So I took on the TV accusatory judge thing that you're supposed to do, and I asked her why she did that. |
所以我做了电视节目裁判应该做的, 我问她为什么这样做。 |
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accusatory:adj.非难的,指责的;控诉的,控告的; supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
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| Cheryl responded , "Well, first, I don't know what quinoa is." |
谢丽尔回答:“好吧,首先我不知道藜麦是什么。” |
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responded:v.回答,回应;作出反应;响应;反应灵敏;(respond的过去式和过去分词)
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| '"But I do know that it's a Monday, and that in my school, at High School in the Community, |
“但是我知道今天是周一, 在我的社区高中, |
| I always cook pasta." |
我总是会煮意大利面。” |
| See, Cheryl explained that for many of her kids, there were no meals on the weekends. |
谢丽尔解释说,很多她的孩子, 在周末没办法吃到饭。 |
| No meals on Saturday. |
周六没有东西吃。 |
| No meals on Sunday, either. |
周日也没有。 |
| So she cooked pasta because she wanted to make sure she cooked something she knew her children would eat. |
所以她煮意大利面,因为她想保证 煮一些孩子一定会吃的东西。 |
| Something that would stick to their ribs , she said. |
一些有足够营养的东西,她说。 |
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ribs:n.[解剖]肋骨;排骨(rib的复数);
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| Something that would fill them up. |
一些能够填饱他们的东西。 |
| Cheryl talked about how, by the time Monday came, her kids' hunger pangs were so intense that they couldn't even begin to think about learning. |
谢丽尔还提到,周一来临的时候, 她的孩子都感到非常饥饿, 以至于无法专心学习。 |
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pangs:n.(肉体上)剧痛;苦闷;(精神上)一阵极度的痛苦;vt.使剧痛;折磨; intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
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| Food was the only thing on their mind. |
孩子们满脑子都只有食物。 |
| The only thing. |
只想吃东西。 |
| And unfortunately , the stats — they tell the same story. |
不幸的是,数据也验证了这一点。 |
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unfortunately:adv.不幸地; stats:n.统计数据;统计学;
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| So, let's put this into the context of a child. |
让我们举一个孩子的例子, |
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context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
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| And we're going to focus on the most important meal of the day, breakfast. |
我们会着重关注 一天中最重要的一餐,早餐。 |
| Meet Allison. |
这是艾莉森。 |
| She's 12 years old, she's smart as a whip and she wants to be a physicist when she grows up. |
她12岁, 非常聪明, 而且她长大想成为一个物理学家。 |
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whip:n.鞭子; v.鞭打; physicist:n.物理学家;物理学研究者;
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| If Allison goes to a school that serves a nutritious breakfast to all of their kids, here's what's going to follow. |
如果艾莉森去一个向所有学生提供营养丰富的 免费早餐的学校, 接下来会这样。 |
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nutritious:adj.有营养的,滋养的;
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| Her chances of getting a nutritious meal, one with fruit and milk, one lower in sugar and salt, dramatically increase. |
她能够得到一顿营养餐, 一顿有水果和牛奶,低糖低盐的饭菜的 机会会大幅增加。 |
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dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
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| Allison will have a lower rate of obesity than the average kid. |
艾莉森患有肥胖的几率会低于平均值。 |
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obesity:n.肥大,肥胖;
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| She'll have to visit the nurse less. |
她不需要经常去看医生。 |
| She'll have lower levels of anxiety and depression . |
不容易焦虑,或者沮丧。 |
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anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
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| She'll have better behavior. |
她会有更好的表现, |
| She'll have better attendance , and she'll show up on time more often. |
她会有更好的出席率,更经常准时上课。 |
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attendance:n.出席;到场;出席人数;
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| Why? |
为什么？ |
| Well, because there's a good meal waiting for her at school. |
因为有一顿好的早餐在学校等着她。 |
| Overall , Allison is in much better health than the average school kid. |
总而言之,艾莉森的健康状况 要好于平均水平。 |
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Overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的;
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| So what about that kid who doesn't have a nutritious breakfast waiting for him? |
那么那个 没有营养早餐等着他的孩子会怎么样？ |
| Well, meet Tommy. |
来看看汤米。 |
| He's also 12. He's a wonderful kid. |
他也是12岁,一个很棒的孩子。 |
| He wants to be a doctor. |
他想成为一个医生。 |
| By the time Tommy is in kindergarten , he's already underperforming in math. |
汤米上幼儿园的时候, 数学已经成了他的弱项。 |
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kindergarten:n.幼儿园; underperforming:v.表现不佳;(underperform的现在分词)
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| By the time he's in third grade, he's got lower math and reading scores. |
在三年级的时候, 他在数学和阅读上成绩更低了。 |
| By the time he's 11, it's more likely that Tommy will have to have repeated a grade. |
到他11岁的时候, 汤米很有可能会复读一年。 |
| Research shows that kids who do not have consistent nourishment , particularly at breakfast, have poor cognitive function overall. |
研究显示,没有持续摄取到营养的孩子, 特别是早餐, 学习能力都有所欠缺。 |
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consistent:adj.始终如一的,一致的;坚持的; nourishment:n.食物;营养品;滋养品; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的;
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| So how widespread is this problem? |
那么这个问题有多广泛呢？ |
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widespread:adj.普遍的,广泛的;分布广的;
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| Well, unfortunately, it's pervasive . |
不幸的是,它到处存在。 |
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pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
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| Let me give you two stats that seem like they're on opposite ends of the issue , but are actually two sides of the same coin. |
让我给你们两个数据, 看起来它们和问题表现的相反, 但是其实是一个硬币的两面。 |
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issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
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| On the one hand , one in six Americans are food insecure , including 16 million children — almost 20 percent — are food insecure. |
一方面, 六分之一的美国人的食物没有保障, 包括一千六百万孩子,几乎占到20%, 食物没有保障。 |
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On the one hand:一方面; insecure:adj.不安全的;不稳定的;不牢靠的;
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| In this city alone, in New York City, 474,000 kids under the age of 18 face hunger every year. |
在这个城市,纽约城, 每年有四十七万未成年人食不果腹。 |
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under the age of:在年龄之下;16岁以下;
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| It's crazy. |
难以置信。 |
| On the other hand , diet and nutrition is the number one cause of preventable death and disease in this country, by far. |
另一方面, 饮食和营养是可预防死亡和疾病的首要原因, 至少在这个国家是这样。 |
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On the other hand:另一方面; preventable:adj.可预防的;可阻止的;可防止的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
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| And fully a third of the kids that we've been talking about tonight are on track to have diabetes in their lifetime. |
我们今天讨论的孩子中有三分之一, 都迟早会患上糖尿病。 |
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track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; diabetes:n.糖尿病;多尿症;
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| Now, what's hard to put together but is true is that, many times, these are the same children. |
我知道很难把这些联系起来,但是 很多情况下,这都是同一群孩子。 |
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put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
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| So they fill up on the unhealthy and cheap calories that surround them in their communities and that their families can afford . |
他们生活的社区里充斥着粗制滥造的廉价食物, 价格仅限在他们的家庭能承受的范围之内。 |
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unhealthy:不健康的 calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数); communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
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| But then by the end of the month, food stamps run out or hours get cut at work, and they don't have the money to cover the basic cost of food. |
但是在每个月末, 食物补贴券用尽,或者工作时间被迫减少, 他们就没有足够钱来支付基本的食物了。 |
| But we should be able to solve this problem, right? |
但是我们应该有能力解决这个问题,对吗？ |
| We know what the answers are. |
我们知道答案是什么。 |
| As part of my work at the White House , we instituted a program that for all schools that had 40 percent more low-income kids, we could serve breakfast and lunch to every kid in that school. |
作为我在白宫工作的一部分,我们开始了一个项目, 给所有低收入孩子占人数40%的 学校中的每个孩子提供早餐和午餐。 |
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White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿); instituted:v.建立,制定;开始;实行(institute的过去分词和过去式)
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| For free. |
免费。 |
| This program has been incredibly successful, because it helped us overcome a very difficult barrier when it came to getting kids a nutritious breakfast. |
这个项目非常成功, 因为它帮助我们扫除了一个巨大的障碍, 帮助孩子们获得一顿营养的早餐, |
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incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
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| And that was the barrier of stigma . |
然而这就是克服障碍的突破点。 |
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stigma:n.[植]柱头;耻辱;污名;烙印;特征;
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| See, schools serve breakfast before school, and it was only available for the poor kids. |
学校会通常在上课前提供早餐, 但通常只提供给贫困的孩子。 |
| So everybody knew who was poor and who needed government help. |
所以每个人都知道谁家贫困,谁需要政府的帮助。 |
| Now, all kids, no matter how much or how little their parents make, have a lot of pride. |
然而,所有的孩子,无论家庭收入的多少, 都有很强的自尊心。 |
| So what happened? |
那么后来怎么样了呢？ |
| Well, the schools that have implemented this program saw an increase in math and reading scores by 17.5 percent. |
实施我们这个项目的学校 数学和阅读分数提高了17.5%。 |
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implemented:v.使生效;贯彻;执行;实施;(implement的过去式和过去分词)
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| 17.5 percent. |
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| And research shows that when kids have a consistent, nutritious breakfast, their chances of graduating increase by 20 percent. |
研究表明,当孩子们有了持续的营养早餐, 他们的毕业率就会提高20%。 |
| 20 percent. |
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| When we give our kids the nourishment they need, we give them the chance to thrive , both in the classroom and beyond. |
当我们给孩子们需要的营养, 我们就给了他们成功的机会, 不论在校内还是校外。 |
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thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达;
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| Now, you don't have to trust me on this, but you should talk to Donna Martin. |
你可能并不相信我, 但是你应该和唐纳·马丁谈谈。 |
| I love Donna Martin. |
我爱唐纳·马丁这个人。 |
| Donna Martin is the school nutrition director at Burke County in Waynesboro, Georgia. |
唐纳·马丁斯是佐治亚州伯克郡韦恩斯伯勒的 学校营养负责人。 |
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Burke:vt.秘密地除去;使人窒息而死; County:n.郡,县;
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| Burke County is one of the poorest districts in the fifth-poorest state in the country, and about 100 percent of Donna's students live at or below the poverty line . |
伯克郡是美国15个最穷的州中 最穷的郡之一, 唐纳所有学生的家庭都处在贫困线或以下。 |
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poverty line:n.贫困线(政府规定维持最低生活水平所需的收入标准);
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| A few years ago, |
几年前, |
| Donna decided to get out ahead of the new standards that were coming, and overhaul her nutrition standards. |
唐纳决定提前实施即将开始的规定, 全面修改她的营养标准。 |
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standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数) overhaul:vt.分解检查,大修;追上并超过;n.彻底检修,详细检查;
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| She improved and added fruit and vegetables and whole grains . |
她提高了蔬果和全麦的供应量和质量, |
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improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) grains:n.谷物;颗粒;细粒;少量;一点儿;(grain的复数)
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| She served breakfast in the classroom to all of her kids. |
给教室里所有孩子提供免费早餐。 |
| And she implemented a dinner program. |
她还开始实施晚餐项目, |
| Why? |
为什么呢？ |
| Well, many of her kids didn't have dinner when they went home. |
因为她的很多孩子回到家都没有晚餐。 |
| So how did they respond? |
那么这些孩子对此有什么反应呢？ |
| Well, the kids loved the food. |
事实表明,孩子们喜欢这些食物, |
| They loved the better nutrition, and they loved not being hungry. |
他们喜欢更好的营养, 也喜欢不再饥肠辘辘的感觉。 |
| But Donna's biggest supporter came from an unexpected place. |
但是对唐纳最大的支持来自一个意想不到的人, |
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supporter:n.支持者;拥护者; unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的;
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| His name from Eric Parker, and he was the head football coach for the Burke County Bears. |
他的名字是埃里克·派克, 他是伯克郡灰熊的橄榄球教练。 |
| Now, Coach Parker had coached mediocre teams for years. |
派克教练教导普通球队很多年了, |
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mediocre:adj.普通的;平凡的;中等的;
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| The Bears often ended in the middle of the pack — a big disappointment in one of the most passionate football states in the Union. |
灰熊队经常在赛季中间被淘汰—— 作为联盟里对橄榄球最有热情的州之一, 这结果太让人失望了。 |
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passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的;
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| But the year Donna changed the menus, the Bears not only won their division , they went on to win the state championship , beating the Peach County Trojans 28-14. |
但是唐纳改变菜单的那年, 灰熊队不仅赢得了他们的分区, 还赢得了州冠军, 打败了桃子郡特洛伊。 28比14。 |
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division:n.师;分配;分开;分歧; championship:n.锦标赛;冠军称号;冠军的地位; Trojans:n.特洛伊木马,木马程式;
|
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And Coach Parker, he credited that championship to Donna Martin. |
不过教练派克 把那个冠军颁给了唐纳·马丁。 |
| When we give our kids the basic nourishment, they're going to thrive. |
当我们给了孩子基本的营养, 他们就会茁壮成长。 |
| And it's not just up to the Cheryl Barbaras and the Donna Martins of the world. |
而且这不仅是谢丽尔·巴巴拉 和唐纳·马丁的责任。 |
| It's on all of us. |
这是我们所有人的责任。 |
| And feeding our kids the basic nutrition is just the starting point . |
给我们的孩子提供基本的营养还只是开始。 |
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starting point:n.出发点;基础;
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| What I've laid out is really a model for so many of the most pressing issues that we face. |
我阐述的真的只是一个模型, 一个关于我们面对的诸多问题的模型。 |
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issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
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| If we focus on the simple goal of properly nourishing ourselves, we could see a world that is more stable and secure; we could dramatically improve our economic productivity; we could transform our health care and we could go a long way in ensuring that the Earth can provide for generations to come. |
如果我们注重于像给自己足够的营养这样简单的目标, 我们就能够见证一个更稳定安全的世界; 我们能够大程度提高我们的经济效率, 我们能够改变我们的医疗保健, 我们还能够继续保证 地球上世代的可持续发展。 |
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nourishing:adj.有营养的;滋养多的;v.滋养;养育;(nourish的现在分词) stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; health care:n.卫生保健; ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词); provide for:供养,供给;规定;为…作准备;
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| Food is that place where our collective efforts can have the greatest impact . |
食物是我们一起努力就能够产生 巨大影响的一件事。 |
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collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
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| So we have to ask ourselves: What is the right question? |
所以我们要自问:“正确的问题是什么？” |
| What would happen if we fed ourselves more nutritious, more sustainably grown food? |
如果我们给自己 更多营养,更可持续生长的食物,会发生什么？ |
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sustainably:adv.支撑得住;能保持住地;
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| What would be the impact? |
这会产生何等的影响？ |
| Cheryl Barbara, |
谢丽尔·巴巴拉, |
| Donna Martin, |
唐纳·马丁, |
| Coach Parker and the Burke County Bears — |
教练派克和伯克郡灰熊—— |
| I think they know the answer. |
我觉得他们知道答案。 |
| Thank you guys so very much. |
非常感谢你们。 |
| (Applause) |
（鼓掌） |