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SallyKohn_2017W-_对于仇恨的文化，我们能做什么？_
So people tell me I'm a nice person ... 大家都告诉我说,我人很好……
to the point where it's part of my personal and professional identity that I'm so nice and able to get along with anyone, even my most fierce opponents . 好像这已经是我个人 及职業身分的一部分, 我人很好,好到能和任何人相处, 甚至是我最可怕的对手。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; fierce:adj.凶猛的;猛烈的;暴躁的; opponents:n.对手(opponent的复数形式);
It's like my "thing," it's what I'm known for. 这就像是我的「特长」, 我以这点而闻名。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But what no one knows ... 但没有人知道……
is that I was a bully . 我曾是个恶霸。
bully:vt.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;n.仗势欺人者;adj.快活的;盛气凌人的;
Honestly, I didn't think about it much myself. 老实说,我自己不太去想这事。
I buried the memories for years, and even still, a lot of it's really hazy . 我把这段记忆埋藏很多年了, 但很多部分真的很模糊。
hazy:adj.朦胧的;模糊的;有薄雾的;
Denial , by the way , apparently is also one of my things. 顺道一提,很显然, 否认也是我的特长之一。
Denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事); by the way:顺便说一下; apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But the more people started to praise me for being a liberal who could get along with conservatives , and the more I wrote articles about being nice and gave talks about being nice, the more I felt this hypocrisy creeping up inside me. 但越多人开始赞美我, 说我是能与保守派相处的自由派, 且我越去写关于要对人好的文章, 演说关于要对人好的题材, 我却越觉得我内在 有种伪善在慢慢增长。
liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; conservatives:n.保守党,保守派; hypocrisy:n.虚伪;伪善; creeping:adj.爬行的; n.爬行; v.爬行; (creep的现在分词);
What if I was actually really mean? 如果我其实很卑鄙怎么办？
What if:如果…怎么办?
When I was 10 years old, there was a girl in my class at school named Vicky. 当我十岁时, 在学校,我班上有一个女孩叫维琪。
(Sigh) （叹气）
And I tormented her ... 我会捉弄她……
tormented:v.使备受折磨;使痛苦;烦扰;戏弄;捉弄;(torment的过去分词和过去式)
mercilessly . 很无情地捉弄。
mercilessly:adv.残忍地;毫无慈悲地;
I mean, everyone did. 人人都如此。
Even the teachers picked on her. 甚至老师们也找她的碴。
It doesn't make it any better, does it? 但这样也不会 让此事聼起来比较好吧？
Vicky was clearly a troubled kid. 很显然维琪是个问题儿童。
She would hit herself and give herself bloody noses and she had hygiene problems -- she had big hygiene problems. 她会打自己,打到流鼻血, 她还有卫生问题—— 她有很大的卫生问题。
bloody:adj.血腥的;血淋淋的;v.血染; hygiene:n.卫生;卫生学;保健法;
But instead of helping this girl, who was plainly suffering from hardships in her life ... 但我们没有去幫助这个女孩, 很显然她的人生是十分艰苦的……
plainly:adv.明白地;坦率地;平坦地;朴素地; hardships:n.艰难(hardship复数形式);困苦;
we called her " Sticky Vicky." 我们反而叫她「黏黏维琪」。
Sticky:adj.粘的;粘性的;
I called her "Sticky Vicky." 我叫她「黏黏维琪」。
My clearest memory is standing in the empty hallway outside the fifth grade classrooms waiting for Vicky to come out of the bathroom, and I have a clipboard and a pen and a survey I've made up, asking about shampoo preferences , like I'm doing a study for science class or something. 我最清楚的记忆是 站在空无一人的走廊, 在五年级教室的外面, 等维琪从厕所出来, 和我编造的一项洗发精偏好调查表, 好像我在做科学课的研究之类的事。
clipboard:n.剪贴板;附有纸夹的笔记板; survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地; shampoo:n.洗头水;洗发液;香波;洗涤剂;v.洗头发; preferences:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;(preference的复数)
And when Vicky comes out of the bathroom, 当维琪从厕所出来时,
I pounce on her and I ask her what shampoo she uses. 我立马抓住她,问她用什么洗发精。
pounce:v.突袭;猛扑;n.抓;吸墨粉
Now, to put this in perspective , 综观这件事情,
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
I can't remember the names of my teachers, 我记不得我老师的名字了,
I can't remember the names of any of the books I read that year, 我记不得我那年读过的书 书名是什么,
I pretty much can't remember anything from fifth grade, but I remember that Vicky told me she used White Rain shampoo.
Clear as yesterday, like it just happened. 记忆犹新, 好像刚发生一样。
And as classes let out, 当大家开始出教室时,
I ran down the hall shouting at all the other kids, "Sticky Vicky uses White Rain shampoo. 我跑到走廊,对所有其他孩子大叫: 「黏黏维琪用白雨洗发精。
Don't use White Rain shampoo or you'll smell like Sticky Vicky." 别用白雨洗发精, 不然你闻起来就会 像黏黏维琪一样。」
I forgot about this memory for a long time. 有好长一段时间,我忘了这段记忆。
When I finally started remembering it, 当我终于开始忆起时,
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
I immediately needed to know more. 我马上就需要知道更多。
I reached out to friends and eventually social media , and I did everything I could to try to find Vicky. 我试图联系朋友, 最终甚至尝试社交媒体, 我尽一切可能试着找到维琪。
eventually:adv.最后,终于; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
I needed to know that she was OK, and that I hadn't ruined her life. 我需要知道她过得不错, 知道我没有毁了她的人生。
ruined:adj.毁灭的;荒废的;v.毁坏;破坏;糟蹋;(ruin的过去分词和过去式)
(Sigh) （叹气）
But what I quickly realized was I wasn't just trying to figure out what happened to Vicky. 但我很快就发现, 我不是在试着找出 维琪发生了什么事。
I was trying to figure out what happened to me. 我是在试着找出我发生了什么事。
When I was 10 years old, 当我十岁时,
I treated another human being like some worthless other ... 我对待另一个人类的方式 就像她是某种没价值的人……
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) worthless:adj.无价值的;不值钱的;卑微的;
like I was better than her, and she was garbage . 彷佛我比她好, 而她是垃圾。
garbage:n.垃圾;废物;
What kind of a nice person does that? 哪种好人会做出这种事？
I mean, I know I was only a kid, but not all kids do that. 我知道我那时还小, 但并非所有孩子都会那样做。
Most kids don't do that, right? 多数孩子不会那样做吧？
So, what if I wasn't nice after all? 如果我根本不是好人,怎么办？
I was really just a hateful monster . 我其实只是可憎的禽兽。
hateful:adj.可憎的;可恨的;可恶的; monster:n.怪物;恶魔;庞然大物;adj.巨大的;
Then I started to notice myself having these mean impulses , thinking mean thoughts and wanting to say them. 我开始注意到我会有些卑鄙的冲动, 有卑鄙的想法, 想要把它们说出来。
impulses:n.[心理]冲动; v.推动(impulse的第三人称单数);
Admittedly , most of my mean thoughts were about conservatives. 无可否认,我大部分 卑鄙的想法都和保守派有关。
Admittedly:adv.公认地;无可否认地;明白地;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But not just conservatives. 但不只是保守派。
I also caught myself thinking mean things about mushy , centrist liberals and greedy Wall Street bankers and Islamophobes and slow drivers, because I really hate slow drivers. 我也逮到我自己 对其他人有卑鄙的念头, 贪婪的华尔街银行家、 恐伊斯兰教者, 以及开车很慢的驾驶, 因为我真的很讨厌开车很慢的驾驶。
mushy:adj.糊状的;感伤的,多愁善感的; centrist:n.中立派议员;中间派议员; liberals:n.自由主义者(liberal的复数); greedy:adj.贪婪的;贪吃的;渴望的; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地);
(Laughter) （笑声）
And as I'd catch myself in these moments of hypocrisy, either I was just noticing them or they were getting worse, especially in the last few years. 当我发现自己身处在 这些伪善时刻中, 可能是我刚注意到它们, 或它们正在恶化, 在过去几年特别常见。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
And as I felt more hateful -- rageful , really -- 当我感到更充满憎恨—— 其实是充满怒火——
rageful:狂怒的;
I noticed the world around me seemed to be getting more hateful, too. 我注意到我周遭的世界 似乎也变得更充满憎恨。
Like there was this steady undercurrent of hate bubbling up all around us and increasingly overflowing . 好像有一条稳定的仇恨暗流, 在我们四周开始冒泡, 并渐渐开始溢出。
steady:adj.稳定的; v.使稳定; v.稳定地; n.关系固定的情侣; undercurrent:n.暗流;潜流; bubbling:v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);(bubble的现在分词) increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; overflowing:adj.过剩的;充满的;v.漫出;溢出;挤满了人;过度延伸;(overflow的现在分词)
So the plus side, I guess, is that I realized that hate was not just my problem, which is like, the most selfish plus side ever -- 所以,好的一面,我想是吧, 就是我了解到,仇恨不只是我的问题, 这是有史以来最自私的 「好的一面」——
(Laughter) （笑声）
because now instead of just my own hate and cruelty to try to figure out, 因为现在我不是只要想通 我自己的仇恨和残酷是怎么回事,
cruelty:n.残酷;残忍;残酷的行为;
I had a whole world of hate I wanted to unravel and understand and fix. 我要去搞清楚整个世界的仇恨, 去了解它,并修复它。
unravel:v.解开;解体;阐释;说明;澄清;变得清楚易懂;
So I did what all overly intellectual people do when they have a problem that they want to understand, and I wrote a book. 所以,我的做法就是极聪明的人 在遇到他们想要了解的问题时 会采用的做法, 我写了一本书。
overly:adv.过度地;极度地; intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I wrote a book about hate. 我写了一本关于仇恨的书。
Spoiler alert : 以下有雷:
Spoiler:n.剧透(透露与电影,书籍或者游戏内容有关的信息。); alert:n.警报; adj.警觉的; v.向…报警;
I'm against it. 我反对它。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Now at this point, you might be thinking to yourself, "Why are y'all worried about hate? 此时,你们心中可能在想, 「为何要担心仇恨啊？
You didn't hate Vicky. 你又不恨维琪。
Bullying isn't hate." 霸凌并不是仇恨。」
Bullying:n.仗势欺人者;横行霸道者;v.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;(bully的现在分词)
Isn't it? 不是吗？
Gordon Allport, the psychologist who pioneered the study of hate in the early 1900s, developed what he called a " scale of prejudice ." 高尔顿奥尔波特, 他是心理学家,在九〇年代早期 是仇恨研究的先锋, 他发展出了他所谓的「偏见量表」。
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; prejudice:n.偏见;侵害;vt.损害;使有偏见;
At one end are things like genocide and other bias-motivated violence . 量表的一端是像大屠杀 以及其他偏见引起的暴力。
genocide:n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
But at the other end are things like believing that your in-group is inherently superior to some out-group, or avoiding social interaction with those others. 但在另一端, 则是相信你的内团体 本来就比一些外团体更优越, 或是避免和那些外人做社交互动。
in-group:n.内集团; inherently:adv.内在地;固有地;天性地; superior:n.上级;上司;adj.(在品质上)更好的;占优势的;更胜一筹的; interaction:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;
Isn't that all hate? 那不都是仇恨吗？
I mean, it wasn't an accident that I was a rich kid picking on a poor kid, or that Vicky, it turns out, would eventually end up being gay. 以下这些都不是意外: 我是个有钱的孩子, 去找穷孩子的麻烦, 或结果发现维琪是同性恋。
Poor kids and gay kids are more likely to be bullied , even by kids who also end up being gay. 穷孩子和同性恋孩子 都比较有可能被霸凌, 甚至连其他同性恋孩子 也会霸凌他们。
bullied:v.恐吓;伤害;胁迫;(bully的过去分词和过去式)
I know there was a lot going on in my little 10-year-old mind. 我知道我十岁时 脑袋里会想很多东西。
I'm not saying hate was the only reason I picked on Vicky or even that I was consciously hateful or anything, but the fact is, the people we discriminate against in our public policies and in our culture are also the groups of people most likely to be bullied in school. 我并不是说仇恨是我会去 找维琪麻烦的唯一理由, 或甚至我是有意识地在憎恨之类的, 但事实是, 我们在公共政策和文化中 所歧视的对象, 也是在学校中 最有可能被霸凌的族群。
consciously:adv.自觉地;有意识地; discriminate against:歧视;排斥; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
That is not just a coincidence . 那不是巧合。
coincidence:n.巧合,巧事;同时存在;并存;相同;
That's hate. 那是仇恨。
I am defining hate in a broad way because I think we have a big problem. 我用广义的方式来定义仇恨, 因为我认为我们有个很大的问题。
defining:v.解释(词语)的含义;给(词语)下定义;阐明;界定;(define的现在分词)
And we need to solve all of it, not just the most extremes . 我们得要把它完全解决, 不能只解决极端的部分。
extremes:n.极端不同的感情;极端;极度;极限;(extreme的复数)
So for instance , we probably all agree that marching down the street, chanting about you should take away rights from some group of people because of their skin color or their gender , we'd all agree that's hate, right? OK. 所以,比如, 我们可能都认同,在街上游行, 反覆喊着应该要夺走 某些族群的权利, 只因为他们的肤色或性别, 我们都认同这就是仇恨,对吧？
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; chanting:念咒; gender:n.性别;
What if you believe that group of people is inferior , but you don't say it? 如果你相信那个族群是低等的, 但却不说出来呢？
inferior:adj.较差的; n.不如别人的人;
Is that hate? 那是仇恨吗？
Or what if you believe that group of people is inferior but you aren't aware that you believe it -- what's known as implicit bias . 或者,你相信那个族群是低等的, 但你没意识到你相信这件事呢—— 这就是潜在性偏见。
implicit:adj.含蓄的;暗示的;盲从的; bias:adv.使有偏见;n.偏见;偏心;偏爱;v.使有偏见;使偏向;adj.斜的;[电]偏动的;
Is that hate? 那是仇恨吗？
I mean they all have the same roots, don't they? 它们都有同样的根源,对吧？
In the historic patterns of racism and sexism that have shaped our history and still infect our society today. 种族主义和性别主义的历史模式 形成了我们的历史, 至今仍会影响我们的社会。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的; racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; sexism:n.(针对女性的)性别歧视;男性至上主义; infect:v.传染;使携带病菌;使感染(计算机病毒);
Isn't it all hate? 那不都是仇恨吗？
I'm not saying they're the same thing, just like I am not saying that being a bully is as bad as being a Nazi, just like I'm not saying that being a Nazi is the same thing as punching a Nazi ... 我并不是说它们是一样的, 就如同我并不是说 身为霸凌者和身为纳粹一样糟糕, 就如同我并不是说身为纳粹 和殴打纳粹是一样的......
punching:v.拳打;以拳痛击;给…打孔;(punch的现在分词)
(Laughter) （笑声）
But hating a Nazi is still hate, right? 但,仇恨纳粹也仍然是仇恨,对吧？
What about hating someone who isn't as enlightened as you? 那么,仇恨不像你 那么有知识的人呢？
enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式)
See, what I learned is that we all are against hate and we all think hate is a problem. 我所学到的是, 我们都反对仇恨, 我们都认为仇恨是个问题。
We think it's their problem, not our problem. 我们认为那是他们的问题, 不是我们的问题。
They're hateful. 他们充满仇恨。
I mean, if I think the people who didn't vote like me are stupid racist monsters who don't deserve to call themselves Americans, alright, fine, I'm not being nice, 如果我认为投票跟我投不一样的人 就是愚蠢的种族主义禽兽, 不值得被称为美国人, 好啦,我并没有对人很好,
racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的; deserve:vi.应受,应得;
I get it. 我知道。
(Laughter) （笑声）
I'm not hateful, I'm just right, right? 我并不是充满憎恨, 我只是对的,对吗？
(Laughter) （笑声）
Wrong. 错。
We all hate. 我们都会仇恨。
And I do not mean that in some abstract , generic sense. 我并不是指在某种抽象、 一般性的意义上。
abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要; generic:adj.类的;一般的;属的;非商标的;
I mean all of us ... 我指的就是我们所有人……
me and you. 我和你们。
That sanctimonious pedestal of superiority on which we all place ourselves, that they are hateful and we are not, is a manifestation of the essential root of hate: that we are fundamentally good and they are not, which is what needs to change. 我们把自己放在虚假的 圣洁优越地位上, 我们都觉得别人充满 憎恨,而我们没有, 那就是仇恨基本根源的 一种表现形式: 根本上,我们是好的,他们不是, 这点是需要改变的。
sanctimonious:adj.假装虔诚的;假装圣洁的;假装诚实的; pedestal:n.基架,基座;基础;vt.搁在台上;支持;加座; superiority:n.优越,优势;优越性; manifestation:n.表现;显示;示威运动; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
So in trying to understand and solve hate, 为了试图了解和解决仇恨,
I read every book and every research study I could find, but I also went and talked to some former Nazis and some former terrorists and some former genocidal killers, 所有我能找到的书籍 和学术研究我都读过了, 我还去和一些前纳粹、 前恐怖分子, 以及前种族大屠杀兇手谈过,
Nazis:n.纳粹;纳粹党人(nazi的复数); genocidal:adj.集团屠杀的,种族灭绝的;
because I figured if they could figure out how to escape hate, surely the rest of us could. 因为我认为,如果他们 能想出要如何脱离仇恨, 我们其他人一定也可以。
Let me give you just one example of the former terrorist I spent time with in the West Bank. 让我举个前恐怖分子的例子, 我到约旦河西岸地区 花了些时间和他相处。
When Bassam Aramin was 16 years old, he tried to blow up an Israeli military convoy with a grenade . 巴萨姆阿拉米十六岁的时候, 试图用一颗手榴弹炸死 以色列的军事护送部队。
Israeli:adj.以色列的;以色列人的;n.以色列人; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; convoy:n.护送;护卫;护航队;vt.护航;护送; grenade:n.手榴弹;灭火弹;v.扔手榴弹;用催泪弹攻击;
He failed, fortunately , but he was still sentenced to seven years in prison. 幸运的是,他失败了, 但他仍然被判刑七年徒刑。
fortunately:adv.幸运地;
When he was in prison, they showed a film about the Holocaust . 他在监狱中时,他们放了部 犹太人大屠杀的影片。
Holocaust:n.大屠杀;毁灭;
Up until that point, 在那之前,
Bassam had thought the Holocaust was mostly a myth . 巴萨姆一直都以为 大屠杀大部分是虚构的。
myth:n.神话;虚构的人,虚构的事;
He went to go watch the film because he thought he would enjoy seeing Jews get killed. 他去看了那部影片, 因为他以为他会 享受看犹太人被杀。
But when he saw what really happened, he broke down crying. 但当他看到真正发生的 状况时,他崩溃大哭。
And eventually, after prison, 最终,服完刑之后,
Bassam went on to get a master's degree in Holocaust studies and he founded an organization where former Palestinian combatants and Israeli combatants come together, work together, try to find common ground . 巴萨姆取得了 大屠杀研究的硕士学位, 他找到了一个组织, 在那里,前巴勒斯坦战士 以及以色列战士能一起相处, 一起努力,试着找到共通点。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Palestinian:adj.巴勒斯坦的;巴勒斯坦人的;n.巴勒斯坦人; combatants:n.战士;争斗者;adj.战斗的;好斗的; common ground:n.共同点;
By his own account, Bassam used to hate Israelis , but through knowing Israelis and learning their stories and working together for peace, he overcame his hate. 因为自身利益,巴萨姆 以前很仇视以色列人, 但透过了解以色列人 和了解他们的故事, 一起努力寻求和平, 他克服了他的仇恨。
Israelis:以色列人,以色列国民(Israeli的名词复数);
Bassam says he still doesn't hate Israelis, even after the Israeli military -- shot and killed his [10]-year-old daughter, Abir, while she was walking to school. 巴萨姆说,他仍然不会恨以色列人, 即使以色列军队 射杀了他的十岁女儿艾碧儿, 当时她正步行去上学。
(Sigh) （叹气）
Bassam even forgave the soldier who killed his daughter. 巴萨姆甚至原谅了 杀害他女儿的士兵。
That soldier, he taught me, was just a product of the same hateful system as he was. 他告诉我,那个士兵 和他一样只是同样 仇恨体制之下的产物。
If a former terrorist ... 如果一位前恐怖分子……
if a terrorist can learn to stop hating and still not hate when their child is killed, surely the rest of us can stop our habits of demeaning and dehumanizing each other. 如果一位恐怖分子能学会停止仇恨, 且在孩子被杀害之后还能不去仇恨, 我们其他人当然也能够 停止我们去贬低彼此、 不把彼此当人看待的习性。
demeaning:adj.降低身份的;失去尊严的;v.降低身份;贬低;使失尊严;(demean的现在分词) dehumanizing:vt.使成兽性;使失掉人性;
And I will tell you there are stories like Bassam's all over the world, plus study after study after study that says, no, we are neither designed nor destined as human beings to hate, but rather taught to hate by the world around us. 我可以告诉各位,世界各地 都有巴萨姆这样的故事, 还有一篇又一篇又一篇的研究 指出我们并不是先天就会仇恨, 或注定要仇恨的人类, 我们是被周遭世界教导要去仇恨的。
destined:adj.注定的;命定的;去往…的;v.注定;(destine的过去式和过去分词)
I promise you, none of us pops out of the womb hating black people or Republicans . 我向各位保证, 没有人一出了子宫 就仇恨黑人或共和党的。
womb:n.[解剖]子宫;发源地;vt.容纳; Republicans:n.共和党,共和党员;(republican的复数形式)
There is nothing in our DNA that makes us hate Muslims or Mexicans. 我们的 DNA 中没有任何对 穆斯林或墨西哥人的仇恨。
For better or for worse, we are all a product of the culture around us. 不论如何, 我们都是我们周遭文化下的产物。
And the good news is, we're also the ones who shape that culture, which means we can change it. 好消息是, 我们也是形塑文化的人, 这就表示我们能改变它。
The first step is starting to recognize the hate inside ourselves. 第一步,是要开始承认 我们自己内在的仇恨。
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
We need to catch ourselves and our hateful thoughts in all their forms in all of us ... 我们得要能逮住我们自己 和我们的仇恨想法, 不论是什么样的形式, 不论在谁身上……
and work to challenge our ideas and assumptions . 并努力去挑战我们的想法和假设。
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数)
That doesn't happen overnight , 那不会一夕就成真,
overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上;
I am telling you right here, it is a lifelong journey , but it's one we all need to take. 我在这里告诉各位, 这是一生的旅途, 但我们必须要踏上这段旅途。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
And then second: if we want to challenge the hate in our societies, we need to promote policies and institutions and practices that connect us as communities . 接着,第二点: 如果我们想挑战我们社会中的仇恨, 我们得要推动政策、 制度,及实际做法, 来将我们连结成共同体。
promote:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数) communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
Literally , like integrated neighborhoods and schools. 不誇张,就像是融合街坊以及学校。
Literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词)
That by the way is the reason to support integration . 顺道一提,那就是支持融合的理由。
integration:n.集成;综合;
Not just because it's the right thing to do, but because integration systematically combats hate. 并不只是因为那是对的、该做的事, 也因为系统性的融合能够对抗仇恨。
systematically:adv.有系统地;有组织地; combats:vt.反对;与…战斗;vi.战斗;搏斗;n.战斗;争论;adj.战斗的;为…斗争的;
There are studies that teenagers who participate in racially integrated classes and activities reduce their racial bias. 有研究指出,青少年如果参与 种族融合的班级和活动, 他们的种族偏见就会比较低。
participate:v.参加;参与; racially:adv.人种上;按人种;
And when little kids go to racially integrated kindergartens and elementary schools -- they develop less bias to begin with. 当小朋友去就读多种族融合的幼稚园 以及小学, 他们一开始会发展出的 偏见就比较少。
elementary:adj.基本的;初级的;[化学]元素的;
But the fact is in so many ways and in so many places around our world, we are separated from each other. 但事实是,在世界上许多地方, 我们以许多方式 在把彼此分离。
In the United States, for instance, three-quarters of white people don't have any non-white friends. 比如,在美国, 四分之三的白人 没有任何非白人朋友。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) three-quarters:adj.四分之三的;n.四分之三; non-white:adj.非白种的;
So in addition to promoting those proactive solutions, the other thing we need to do is upend the hate in our institutions and our policies that perpetuate dehumanization and difference and otherizing and hate, 所以,除了推动那些 主动的解决方案之外, 我们还需要做一件事, 就是顛覆在我们的制度 及政策中的仇恨, 那些仇恨会让「去人性化」、 差异、「他人化」, 及仇恨,都永远存在,
in addition to:除…之外; promoting:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;(promote的现在分词) proactive:adj.前摄的(前一活动中的因素对后一活动造成影响的); upend:vt.倒放,颠倒;竖立; perpetuate:vt.使不朽;保持;adj.长存的; dehumanization:n.非人化;灭绝人性;人性丧失;
like systems of sexual harassment and sexual assault in the workplace , or our deeply racially imbalanced and deeply racially biased criminal " justice " system. 就像工作场合性骚扰 以及性侵犯的体制, 或我们那个在种族上极不平衡, 且有极度种族偏见的刑事「司法」 （与「正义」同字）系统。
sexual harassment:n.性骚扰; sexual assault:性侵犯;性暴行; workplace:n.工作场所;车间; imbalanced:adj.不平衡的;比例失调的; biased:adj.有偏见的;结果偏倚的,有偏的; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
We need to change that. 我们得要改变这一点。
Again, it will not happen overnight. 同样的,这也不会一夕成真。
It needs to happen. 但必须要成真。
And then ... 接着……
when we connect together in these connection spaces, facilitated by connection systems, we need to change the way we talk to each other and connect with one another and relate with generosity and open-mindedness and kindness and compassion and not hate. 当我们连结在一起, 在这些连结空间中, 背后有连结体制的促动, 我们得要改变, 用不同的方式对彼此说话、 和彼此连结、 去做到宽宏大量、开放心胸、 仁慈,以及同理心, 而非仇恨。
facilitated:v.促进;促使;使便利;(facilitate的过去分词和过去式) generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量; open-mindedness:n.无偏见;心胸开阔; compassion:n.同情;怜悯;
And that's it. 就这样。
That's it. 就这样。
(Applause) （掌声）
I have solved it all, right? 我把问题全解决了,对吧？
That's it. 就这样。
That is pretty much -- there's a few details -- but that's pretty much all we have to do. 大致上就这样—— 还有少数细节—— 但我们要做的大致上就这样。
It's not that complicated , right? 没有那么复杂,对吧？
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
But it's hard. 但很困难。
The hate that we feel towards certain groups of people because of who they are or what they believe is so ingrained in our minds and in our society that it can feel inevitable and impossible to change. 我们会针对某些族群感受到仇恨, 是因为他们的身分或他们的信仰, 这种仇恨在我们的心中 和社会中根深蒂固, 以致于感觉起来 改变是无可避免且不可能的。
ingrained:adj.根深蒂固的; v.使根深蒂固(ingrain的过去分词形式); inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
Change is possible. 改变是可能的。
Just look at the terrorist who became a peace activist . 只要看看变成 和平活动家的恐怖分子。
activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子;
Or look at the bully who learned to apologize to her victim . 或看看学会向其受害者 道歉的霸凌者。
victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者;
The entire time I was traveling around the Middle East and Rwanda and across the United States, hearing these unbelievable stories of people in communities who had left entire histories of hate behind, 当我在中东、卢安达, 及美国各地旅行的 这段时间, 听到这些难以置信的故事, 诉说结成共同体的人们 把整个仇恨历史都抛诸脑后,
Middle East:n.中东(包括亚洲西南部和非洲东北部); unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
I was still looking for Vicky. 我还一直在寻找维琪。
It was so hard find her that I hired a private investigator and he found her. 要找到她好难, 所以我雇用了私家侦探, 他找到她了。
investigator:n.研究者;调查者;侦查员;
I mean, he sort of found her. 他算是找到她了。
The truth is, it became clear that the person I'm calling Vicky had gone to extraordinary lengths to hide her identity. 事实是,我称为维琪的这个人, 非常不遗余力地去隐藏她的身分。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
But anyway, a year after I began my journey, 但,总之,我开始 我的旅程之后一年,
I wrote Vicky an apology. 我写了封道歉信给维琪。
And a few months later, she wrote back. 几个月后, 她回信了。
(Sigh) （叹气）
I'm not going to lie, 我不会说谎,
I wanted to be forgiven. 我想要得到原谅。
I wasn't. 我没得到。
(Sigh) （叹气）
She offered me sort of conditional forgiveness . 她给了我某种条件式的原谅。
conditional:adj.有条件的;假定的;n.条件句;条件语; forgiveness:n.宽恕;原谅;宽宏大量
What she wrote was ... 她写的是……
'"Messages such as yours cannot absolve you of your past actions. 「像你写的这种讯息,无法 让你免受过去行为的责难。
absolve:vt.免除;赦免;宣告…无罪;
The only way to do that is to improve the world, prevent others from behaving in similar ways and foster compassion." 只有一个方法能, 就是去改善这个世界, 避免他人再做出类似的事, 并培养同理心。」
improve:v.改进;改善; behaving:v.表现:表现得体:有礼貌:(behave的现在分词) foster:vt.培养;养育,抚育;抱(希望等);adj.收养的,养育的;
And Vicky's right. 维琪是对的。
Which is why I'm here. 这就是为什么我在这里。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）