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RoseMMutiso_2020T-_协助非洲经济发展和对抗气候变化的能源_-
Think about this. 比较一下:
Californians use more electricity playing video games than the entire country of Senegal uses overall . 加利福尼亚人 玩视频游戏所用的电量 比整个塞内加尔 全国使用的电量还多。
Also, before gyms were shut down due to COVID, 另外,在健身房 因 COVID 而关闭之前,
New Yorkers could work out in a 10-degree-Celsius gym because the cold apparently burns more calories . 纽约人可以在 10 摄氏度的健身房健身, 因为在“寒冷”:的环境下, 人体会燃烧更多的卡路里。
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的; apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; calories:n.[物]卡路里(热量单位,calorie的复数);
And yet only three percent of Nigerians have air conditioners . 但是,只有 3％ 的尼日利亚人 家里有空调。
As you can see , there's a mind-blowing gap between the energy haves and the energy have-nots . 很明显,富人和穷人所拥有的能源 存在着巨大的差异。
And across the globe, we have incredible energy inequality. 在全球范围内, 能源不平等的程度更是难以想象。
Billions of people simply lack enough energy to build a better life: affordable , abundant and reliable energy to run their businesses without daily blackouts , to preserve their crops from rotting, to power lifesaving medical equipment, 数十亿的人因为缺乏足够的能源, 无而法过上更好的生活: 没有廉价、充足、可靠的能源 来经营他们的生意, 来防止农作物腐烂, 为救生医疗设备供电,
conditioners:[自]调节器;调料槽;调节剂(conditioner的复数); As you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; mind-blowing:adj.使兴奋的;引起幻觉的; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; haves:n.富人;富国; have-nots:n.穷国;贫民(等于thehavenots); incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; affordable:adj.负担得起的; abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产; reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的; blackouts:n.黑朦;灯火管制(blackout的复数); preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品; lifesaving:adj.救命的;救生用的;n.救生;
to work from home and do Zoom calls with their colleagues , to run trains and factories, basically , to grow and to prosper and to access both dignity and opportunity. 在家工作,并与同事进行视频通话, 或者让火车和工厂正常运转, 更无法获得基本的繁荣和发展, 以及尊严和机会。
Rich countries have that kind of energy, whereas most countries in Africa, and many elsewhere simply don't. 发达国家都拥有这些能源, 而非洲大多数国家 和许多其他地区则根本没有。
And those billions of people are falling further and further behind the rest of the world. 这数十亿人的生活 相比世界其他地区,
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); basically:adv.主要地,基本上; prosper:v.繁荣;成功;发达;兴旺; dignity:n.尊严;高贵; whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
In addition to taking their energy abundance for granted , the wealthy take something else for granted: that everyone should fight climate change exactly the same way. 除了毫无顾忌的消耗能源外, 每个人都应该 以同样的方式对待气候变化。
Tackling climate change will require an accelerated transition to low-carbon energy sources . 应对气候变化需要 加快向低碳能源的过渡。
And yet, emissions continue to climb year after year , threatening to blow our tight carbon budget . 然而排放量却年复一年的攀升, 不断威胁着 我们严格的碳排放预算。
In addition to:除…之外; abundance:n.丰度;丰富;大量;富足; granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式) Tackling:n.装备,用具;扭住;v.处理;抓住;(tackle的现在分词); accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式) transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; low-carbon:adj.低碳(的),含碳低的;低碳; sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) year after year:年复一年地;每年; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
That's what I want to talk about today. 这也是我今天要谈论的话题。
The carbon budget is an estimation of the total emissions that our planet's atmosphere can safely absorb . 碳预算是对地球大气层 可以安全吸收的 总排放量的一种估算。
Faced with an imperative to not explode this carbon budget, the world is looking at Africa in a completely contradictory way. 面对不超出碳预算的紧迫任务, 全世界却在以 一种非常矛盾的方式来看待非洲。
On one side, it wants us to grow, to emerge from abject poverty , to build a middle class , to own cars and air conditioners and other modern amenities because after all, Africa is the next global market. 一方面,它希望我们成长、 摆脱赤贫, 并建立一个拥有汽车、 因为毕竟, 非洲将是下一个全球市场。
estimation:n.估计;尊重; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受; imperative:adj.重要紧急的; n.重要紧急的事; explode:v.爆炸;爆裂;勃然(大怒);突然发生(危险); contradictory:adj.矛盾的;反对的;反驳的;抗辩的;n.对立物;矛盾因素; emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相; abject:adj.卑鄙的;可怜的;不幸的; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; middle class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的; amenities:n.生活福利设施;便利设施;舒适;礼仪;(amenity的复数) global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
On the other side , because they are anxious to demonstrate action on climate change, rich countries in the West are increasingly restricting their funding to only renewable energy sources, effectively telling Africa and other poor nations to either develop with no carbon or to limit their development ambitions altogether. 然而另一方面, 因为人们急迫的 需要针对气候变化采取行动, 西方的富裕国家 正在越来越多的将资金投入到 并直白地告诉非洲 和其他贫穷国家, 要么发展无碳社会, 要么就放弃雄心勃勃的发展计划。
Africa obviously needs to develop. 非洲显然需要发展,
That's non-negotiable . 这是毋庸置疑的。
And I want to make the case today that Africa must be prioritized when it comes to what's left in the carbon budget. 而我今天要谈论的是, 在考虑碳预算中的剩余额度时, 必须优先考虑非洲。
On the other side:另一面;在另一边; demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; restricting:n.整形,限制;扼流;v.限制(restrict的ing形式); funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源; ambitions:n.追求的目标;野心;志向;抱负;(ambition的复数) non-negotiable:n.[金融]不可转让,不能抵押;无商量余地的;不可谈判的; prioritized:v.优先化(prioritize的过去分词);
In other words, 换句话说,
Africa must be allowed to, yes, produce more carbon in the short term so we can grow, while the rich world needs to drastically cut their emissions. 必须允许非洲 而与此同时,富裕的国家需要 大大减少碳排放。
Africans have a right to aspire to the same prosperity that everyone else enjoys. 非洲人民有权追求 其他所有人都享有的那种繁荣。
And we deserve the same chance at a job, at an education, at dignity and opportunity. 我们也应该获得同等的工作机会、 教育机会、 尊严和其他发展机遇。
drastically:adv.彻底地;激烈地; aspire:v.渴望(成就);有志(成为); prosperity:n.繁荣,成功; deserve:vi.应受,应得;
We also understand very well that the entire world needs to get to a zero-carbon future. 我们也非常了解,在未来, 整个世界都需要 一个零碳的未来。
This might sound contradictory, but consider these three points. 这听起来可能很矛盾, 但请考虑以下这三点:
First, Africa isn't the culprit of climate change. 首先,非洲不是 造成气候变化的罪魁祸首,
It's a victim . 而是受害者。
Africa and its more than one billion people are among the most vulnerable to climate change on the planet, facing the worst impacts of extreme weather, drought and heat. 在全球的气候变化面前, 非洲的十几亿人口 是最脆弱的群体, 受到极端天气、 干旱和高温的影响最为严重。
culprit:n.犯人,罪犯;被控犯罪的人; victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者; vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物; drought:n.干旱;缺乏;
And yet, if you look at the carbon footprint of the entire African continent , 48 African countries combined are responsible for less than one percent of accumulative carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 但是,如果仔细看一下 整个非洲大陆的碳足迹, 48 个 非洲国家的碳排放 在大气二氧化碳总量中 所占比例还不到 1%。
Even if every one of the one billion people in sub-Saharan Africa tripled their electricity consumption overnight , and if all of that new power came from natural gas-fired plants, 即使南部非洲 十亿人口中的每一个人 一夜之间的用电量增加了两倍, 而且所有的新能源 都来自天然气发电厂,
footprint:n.足迹;脚印; continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; accumulative:adj.累积的; carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区; tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的;n.三倍数;三个一组;vi.增至三倍;vt.使成三倍; consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上; gas-fired:adj.燃气的;以煤气为燃料的;
we estimate that the additional CO2 that Africa would add would equal to just one percent of total global emissions. 我们估计,
Second, Africa needs more energy to fight climate change, not less. 第二,由于非洲的气候脆弱性, 要应对气候变化,
Because of its climate vulnerability , 非洲反而需要消耗更多的能源。
Africa's climate fight is about adaptation and resilience , and climate adaptation is energy-intensive . 非洲应对气候变化的斗争 涉及适应和恢复能力, 而适应气候变化 需要耗费大量能源。
estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本; additional:adj.附加的,额外的; vulnerability:n.易损性;弱点; adaptation:n.适应;改编;改编本,改写本; resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力; energy-intensive:un.能源消耗量大的;能量密集的;
To respond to extreme weather, 为了应对极端天气,
Africans will need more resilient infrastructure . 非洲人将需要 抗风险能力更强的基础设施,
We're talking seawalls , highways, safe buildings and more. 比如海堤、高速公路 安全建筑等等。
To cope with drought, 为了应对干旱,
Africans will need pumped irrigation for their agriculture, and many will need desalination for fresh water. 非洲人需要抽水灌溉农业, 许多人也需要淡化的水。[04:21]
respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; seawalls:n.海塘;防波堤; cope:v.处理;n.大圆衣; pumped:adj.紧张的; v.用泵输送; (pump的过去分词和过去式) irrigation:n.灌溉;[临床]冲洗;冲洗法; desalination:n.脱盐作用;减少盐分;
And to survive soaring temperatures, 为了忍受极端的高温,
Africans will need cold storage and ACs in hundreds of millions of homes, offices, warehouses , factories, data centers and the like. 在亿万非洲人的家庭、 办公室、仓库、工厂 和数据中心等场所, 都需要冷藏设备和空调。
These are all energy-intensive activities. 这些都需要大量消耗能源。
soaring:adj.翱翔的;高耸的;猛增的;v.高耸;高飞;猛增;(soar的现在分词形式) cold storage:n.冷藏;冷藏库; warehouses:n.仓库,货栈;货仓;(warehouse的名词复数)
If we fail at mitigation , the rich countries' plan B for climate change is to simply adapt. 如果我们没能很好的实现减排, 富裕国家应对气候变化时 就会只采取替代计划——适应。
Africans need and deserve that same capacity for adaptation. 非洲人需要, 也应该具备同样的适应力。
Third, imposing mitigation on the world's poor is widening economic inequality. 第三, 强迫贫穷的国家采用同样的减排措施 会加剧经济上的不平等。
We're creating energy apartheid . 我们正在制造“能源种族隔离”。
mitigation:n.减轻;缓和;平静; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; imposing:adj.壮观的; v.推行,采用; (impose的现在分词) widening:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大;(widen的现在分词) economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; apartheid:n.种族隔离;
Working in global energy and development, 我从事的是 全球能源与发展方面的工作,
I often hear people say, "Because of climate, we just can't afford for everyone to live our lifestyles ." 我经常听到人们说, “因为气候,我们无法承受 让每个人都过上我们这样的生活。”
That viewpoint is worse than patronizing . 这种观点比居高临下的说教更糟。
It's a form of racism , and it's creating a two-tier , global energy system with energy abundance for the rich and tiny solar lamps for Africans. 这是种族主义的一种形式, 它正在建立 一个上下分级的全球能源系统, 为富人提供丰富的能源, 而只为非洲人提供 简陋的太阳能电灯。
lifestyles:n.生活方式(lifestyle的复数); viewpoint:n.观点;角度;看法; patronizing:adj.自认为高人一等的; v.摆出高人一等的派头; (patronize的现在分词) racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; two-tier:adj.双重的; lamps:n.灯具(lamp的复数); v.看;
The global market for natural gas is a great example of this. 全球天然气市场 就是一个很好的例子。
Large Western companies are actively developing gas fields in African countries to run industry and generate electricity in Asia or in Europe. 西方的大型公司正在 非洲积极开发气田, 以保证亚洲或欧洲企业的能源供应。
And yet, when these same African countries want to build power plants at home to use gas for their own people, the Western development and finance communities say, "No, we won't fund that." 然而,当同样的非洲国家 想要在本国建造电厂, 造福本国人民时, 西方工业与金融界的人士就会说, “不,我们不会投资。”
natural gas:n.天然气; generate:v.产生;引起; Western development:西部大开发; finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And here's the irony . 更具有讽刺意味的是,
Many poor countries are already far ahead of the West when it comes to transitioning to a low-carbon energy system. 当谈及过渡到低碳能源系统时, 许多贫穷国家 已经遥遥领先于西方。
In Kenya, where I'm from, we generate most of our electricity carbon-free . 在我的家乡肯尼亚,我们产生的 大部分电力都是无碳的。
irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的; transitioning:v.经历转变过程;过渡;(transition的现在分词) carbon-free:adj.不含碳的;
Renewable sources such as geothermal , hydro and wind provide nearly 80 percent of our electricity. 可再生能源, 例如地热、水电和风能,
In the US, that figure is only 17 percent. 在美国,这一数字仅为 17％。
So let me repeat my points. 因此,我要重申。
Everyone must get to a zero-carbon future. 我们每个人都有义务 实现一个零碳的未来。
In the transition, 在过渡时期,[06:05]
geothermal:adj.[地物]地热的;[地物]地温的; hydro:n.水疗院;
Africa and other poor nations deserve to get the balance of what's remaining in the world's carbon budget. 非洲和其他贫穷国家应该得到 世界碳预算中剩余部分的额度。
For economic competitiveness , for climate adaptation, for global stability and for economic justice , rich and high-emitting countries must uphold their responsibility to lead on decarbonization , starting in their own economies . 为了提高经济竞争力、 适应气候性、 全球稳定 和经济公平, 富裕和高排放量的国家 必须承担减少碳排放的义务, 而且要以身作则。
We all have a collective responsibility to turn the tide on climate change. 我们都有责任扭转气候恶化。
If we fail, it won't be because Senegal or Kenya or Benin or Mali decided to build a handful of natural gas power plants to provide economic opportunity for their people. 如果我们失败了, 不会是因为塞内加尔、 肯尼亚、贝宁或马里 决定建造几座天然气发电厂, 只为了给它们的人民 提供经济机会。
competitiveness:n.竞争力,好竞争; stability:n.稳定性;坚定,恒心; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; uphold:v.支撑;鼓励;赞成;举起; decarbonization:n.脱碳作用;除碳法; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; tide:n.潮汐; v.顺应潮水航行;
Thank you. 谢谢。