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RoseGeorge_2013-_说真的，让我们聊聊内急这件事。_
Let's talk dirty. 让我们聊聊脏东西。（talk dirty俚语是讲脏话,下流话）
A few years ago, oddly enough, 几年前,“奇怪”了,
oddly:adv.古怪地;奇妙地;单数地;
I needed the bathroom, and I found one, a public bathroom, and I went into the stall , and I prepared to do what I'd done most of my life: use the toilet, flush the toilet, forget about the toilet. 我需要上卫生间, 我找到了一个公共卫生间, 我走了进去, 准备做这辈子都在做的事情: 上厕所,冲厕所,忘记厕所。
stall:n.摊位;牲畜棚;小隔间,淋浴室,洗手间;v.(使)熄火,抛锚;故意拖延; flush:n.激动,洋溢; v.使齐平; adj.大量的;
And for some reason that day, instead, 但是那天出于某种原因,
I asked myself a question, and it was, where does this stuff go? 我问了自己一个问题, 就是,这些排泄物都去哪里了？
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
And with that question, I found myself plunged into the world of sanitation -- there's more coming -- (Laughter) — sanitation, toilets and poop, and I have yet to emerge. 因为这个问题,我发现自己一头扎入了 卫生世界 -- 好戏还在后头-- (笑声）-- 卫生,厕所和粪便排泄物, 还有我。
plunged:投入;跳进;使陷入;使投入(plunge的过去式和过去分词); sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施;
And that's because it's such an enraging , yet engaging place to be. 那是因为这是一个这么让人反感 但又迷人的地方。
enraging:vt.激怒;使暴怒; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
To go back to that toilet, it wasn't a particularly fancy toilet, it wasn't as nice as this one from the World Toilet Organization . 回头看看刚才那间厕所, 它并没有特别华丽, 也不像这间 来自世界厕所组织的这么美好。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; fancy:n.幻想; adj.想象的; v.想象; Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
That's the other WTO. (Laughter) 这是另外一个WTO（原指世界贸易组织）。（笑声）
But it had a lockable door, it had privacy , it had water, it had soap so I could wash my hands, and I did because I'm a woman, and we do that. 但是它门上有锁、有隐私、可以厕后冲水, 有肥皂可以洗手, 我洗了手因为我们女性都洗手。
lockable:adj.可锁定的;能锁的; privacy:n.隐私;秘密;隐居;隐居处;
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（掌声）
But that day, when I asked that question, 但是那天,当我提出了那个问题,
I learned something, and that was that I'd grown up thinking that a toilet like that was my right, when in fact it's a privilege . 我明白了些事情,就是我活这么大一直都认为 使用那样的厕所是我的权利, 而实际上它是一种特权。
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
2.5 billion people worldwide have no adequate toilet. 全世界有25亿人没有设备齐全的厕所可用。
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; adequate:adj.充足的;适当的;胜任的;
They don't have a bucket or a box. 他们基本什么都没有。
bucket:n.大桶状物; v.拼命划桨;
Forty percent of the world with no adequate toilet. 这是全世界百分之四十的人口啊！
And they have to do what this little boy is doing by the side of the Mumbai Airport expressway , which is called open defecation , or poo-pooing in the open . 他们得像这个小男孩儿一样, 在孟买的机场高速公路旁解决。 这被叫做露天排便, 或者公开便便。
Airport:n.机场;航空港; expressway:n.(美)高速公路; defecation:n.排便;澄清,净化; in the open:在户外;在野外;
And he does that every day, and every day, probably, that guy in the picture walks on by, because he sees that little boy, but he doesn't see him. 而且他每天都这样做, 每天啊,大概,图片上的那个男人 都会熟视无睹的经过, 因为他已经见怪不怪了。
But he should, because the problem with all that poop lying around is that poop carries passengers. 但是他其实应该看到这一切,因为 随地大小便带来的问题是 粪便携带着病菌。
Fifty communicable diseases like to travel in human shit. 50种传染病是通过人类粪便传播的。
communicable:adj.可传达的;会传染的;爱说话的; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
All those things, the eggs, the cysts , the bacteria , the viruses, all those can travel in one gram of human feces . 所有这些,卵,孢囊, 细菌,病毒,都可以在 一克人类粪便中传播。
cysts:n.[生物]囊;[肿瘤]囊肿(cyst的复数形式); bacteria:n.[微]细菌; feces:n.排泄物;渣滓;
How? Well, that little boy will not have washed his hands. 怎么传播？那个小男孩儿解决完后不会洗手。
He's barefoot . He'll run back into his house, and he will contaminate his drinking water and his food and his environment with whatever diseases he may be carrying by fecal particles that are on his fingers and feet. 他也没有穿鞋。他会跑回家, 然后开始污染他的饮用水和食物 以及他生活的环境 污染源就在沾在他手上和脚上的 粪便颗粒里。
barefoot:adj.赤脚的;adv.赤着脚地; run back into:跑回到; contaminate:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德); drinking water:n.饮用水; fecal:adj.排泄物的;残渣的;糟粕的; particles:n.微粒,粒子;粒子系统;碎木料(particle的复数形式);
In what I call the flushed-and-plumbed world that most of us in this room are lucky to live in, the most common symptoms associated with those diseases, diarrhea , is now a bit of a joke. 在我称之为“冲之即去”的世界里, 也就是在坐大多数人幸运的生活着的世界里, 大部分与这些疾病联系在一起的病症, 腹泻,对我们来说更像是一个玩笑。
symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数) associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) diarrhea:n.腹泻,痢疾;
It's the runs, the Hershey squirts , the squits. 它就是一种持续的排泄喷射。
squirts:v.(使)喷射; n.喷射出的液体; (squirt的第三人称单数和复数)
Where I come from, we call it Delhi belly , as a legacy of empire. 我家乡那边管这个叫做“德里肚子”, 作为大英帝国的一个遗产。
Delhi:n.德里(印度城市名); belly:n.腹部;胃;食欲;v.涨满;鼓起; legacy:n.遗赠,遗产;
But if you search for a stock photo of diarrhea in a leading photo image agency , this is the picture that you come up with . 但是如果你在一家主流图片库代理商处 寻找一张关于腹泻的图片, 这就是你可能会找出来的一张。
stock:n.股票; v.库存; adj.老一套的; agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处; come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Still not sure about the bikini . 还是不大确定该不该穿比基尼。
bikini:n.比基尼泳装;大爆炸;
And here's another image of diarrhea. 而这是另一张关于腹泻的图片。
This is Marie Saylee, nine months old. 这是Marie Saylee, 9个月大。
You can't see her, because she's buried under that green grass in a little village in Liberia , because she died in three days from diarrhea -- the Hershey squirts, the runs, a joke. 大家看不到她,因为她已经 被安葬在利比里亚一个小村庄的那片绿草地下, 因为她已死于连续三天的腹泻 -- 持续不断的排泄,一个“玩笑”。
Liberia:n.利比里亚(西非国家);
And that's her dad. 而这是她的父亲。
But she wasn't alone that day, because 4,000 other children died of diarrhea, and they do every day. 但是她并不是那天唯一的一个, 因为当天还有4千个其他的儿童死于腹泻, 就这样日复一日。
Diarrhea is the second biggest killer of children worldwide, and you've probably been asked to care about things like HIV/AIDS or T.B. or measles , but diarrhea kills more children than all those three things put together . 腹泻是世界上第二大儿童杀手, 大家大概被呼吁关心像 艾滋病,结核或者麻疹等疾病, 但其实腹泻杀死的儿童 比以上三者加起来的都多。
measles:n.[内科]麻疹;风疹; put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
It's a very potent weapon of mass destruction . 它是一个非常有力的大规模杀伤性武器。
potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的; weapon of mass destruction:n.大规模杀伤性武器(如核武器、化学武器和生物武器);
And the cost to the world is immense : 260 billion dollars lost every year on the losses to poor sanitation. 它造成的损失也是十分惨重的: 每年全世界因恶劣的卫生条件 而损失2600亿美元。
immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的;
These are cholera beds in Haiti . 这些是在海地的霍乱床。
cholera:n.[内科]霍乱; Haiti:n.海地;
You'll have heard of cholera, but we don't hear about diarrhea. 大家都听说过霍乱,但是我们没有听说过腹泻。
It gets a fraction of the attention and funding given to any of those other diseases. 它得到的关注和赞助只相当于 这些疾病中任意一个得到的一小部分。
fraction:n.分数;小部分;小数;少量; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词)
But we know how to fix this. 但是我们知道怎么解决这个问题。
We know, because in the mid-19th century, wonderful Victorian engineers installed systems of sewers and wastewater treatment and the flush toilet , and disease dropped dramatically . 我们知道,因为在19世纪中叶, 伟大的维多利亚时代的工程师们 安装了下水道和废水处理系统 以及抽水马桶,因此得病率大幅降低。
installed:v.安装;设置;使就职(install的过去分词和过去式) sewers:n.排水沟,[建]下水道; v.为…铺设污水管道(sewer的第三人称单数形式); wastewater:n.废水,污水; treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; flush toilet:抽水马桶; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
Child mortality dropped by the most it had ever dropped in history. 儿童死亡率是历史上下降 最厉害的。
mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
The flush toilet was voted the best medical advance of the last 200 years by the readers of the British Medical Journal , and they were choosing over the Pill , anesthesia , and surgery . 抽水马桶被英国医学杂志的读者 评选为过去200年最好的医学进步, 它打败了药片,麻醉, 和手术。
Journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报; Pill:n.[医]药丸;药品; anesthesia:n.麻醉;麻木(等于anaesthesia); surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室;
It's a wonderful waste disposal device . 它真是一个非常好的废物处理装置。
disposal:n.处理;清除;去掉;(企业、财产等的)变卖; device:n.装置;策略;图案;
But I think that it's so good — it doesn't smell, we can put it in our house, we can lock it behind a door — and I think we've locked it out of conversation too. 但我认为它的好处还在于－它没有臭味, 我们可以把它安在家里,给它装上门 － 而且我认为我们同时也对它避而不谈了。
We don't have a neutral word for it. 我们没有一个中性词来形容它,
neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的;
Poop's not particularly adequate. “大便”并不特别合适。
Shit offends people. Feces is too medical. “屎”又冒犯他人。“粪便”又太医学了。
offends:v.得罪;冒犯;犯罪;犯法;(offend的第三人称单数)
Because I can't explain otherwise, when I look at the figures, what's going on. 因为我没法解释, 尤其是在看到数据后,到底是怎么回事。
We know how to solve diarrhea and sanitation, but if you look at the budgets of countries, developing and developed, you'll think there's something wrong with the math, because you'll expect absurdities like 我们知道怎样预防和治愈腹泻以及改善卫生条件, 但是如果大家看看各国的预算, 发展中和发达国家, 你就会想是不是哪里算错了, 因为你会发现荒谬的事情如
budgets:n.[财政]预算(budget复数形式);v.为…做预算(budget的第三人称单数形式); absurdities:n.荒谬;谬论;荒谬的言行;
Pakistan spending 47 times more on its military than it does on water and sanitation, even though 150,000 children die of diarrhea in Pakistan every year. 巴基斯坦花在军队建设上的投入是 花在水和卫生设施上的47倍, 尽管每年有15万巴基斯坦儿童 死于腹泻。
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人;
But then you look at that already minuscule water and sanitation budget, and 75 to 90 percent of it will go on clean water supply , which is great; we all need water. 但是如果再看看那已经微不足道的 在水和卫生设施上的预算, 75％到90％的预算会用来安装净水设施, 这当然是极好的;我们都需要水。
minuscule:n.小写字;草写小字;adj.极小的;用草写小字写的; water supply:供水;
No one's going to refuse clean water. 没有人会拒绝喝干净的水,
But the humble latrine , or flush toilet, reduces disease by twice as much as just putting in clean water. 但简易厕所,或者抽水马桶, 可以比只使用干净水 减少两倍的得病率。
humble:adj.谦逊的; vt.使谦恭; latrine:n.公共厕所;
Think about it. That little boy who's running back into his house, he may have a nice, clean fresh water supply, but he's got dirty hands that he's going to contaminate his water supply with. 想想看吧。那个小男孩儿, 他跑着回到家里, 他可能有很好,很干净的给水设备, 但是他的赃手会污染给水设备。
And I think that the real waste of human waste is that we are wasting it as a resource and as an incredible trigger for development, because these are a few things that toilets and poop itself can do for us. 而且我认为对于人类废物的真正浪费 是我们没有把它作为一种资源 和一种强大的发展动力来看待, 因为这些是厕所和 粪便能为我们做的一些事情。
resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备); incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; trigger:n.触发器; v.触发;
So a toilet can put a girl back in school. 一个厕所可以让一个女孩儿重回学校。
Twenty-five percent of girls in India drop out of school because they have no adequate sanitation. 25％的印度女孩失学 因为她们没有合适的卫生设备。
They've been used to sitting through lessons for years and years holding it in. 她们已经习惯了年复一年的 憋着上完课。
We've all done that, but they do it every day, and when they hit puberty and they start menstruating , it just gets too much. 我们都这么干过,但是她们每天都这样, 然后当她们到青春期开始来月经的时候, 问题变得没法解决了。
puberty:n.青春期;开花期; menstruating:v.月经来潮(menstruate的现在分词);
And I understand that. Who can blame them? 我可以理解这点。谁又会怪她们呢？
So if you met an educationalist and said, "I can improve education attendance rates by 25 percent with just one simple thing," 如果你跟一个教育学家说, “我可以通过一个简单的事情 让入学率上升25％,“
educationalist:n.教育家;教育工作者; improve:v.改进;改善; attendance:n.出席;到场;出席人数;
you'd make a lot of friends in education. 你在教育界的人缘儿会很好。
That's not the only thing it can do for you. 这并不是厕所能为我们做的唯一一件事。
Poop can cook your dinner. 粪便还能为你做饭。
It's got nutrients in it. 它里面有营养素。
nutrients:营养盐;[食品]营养素;
We ingest nutrients. We excrete nutrients as well. 我们摄取营养素同时也排泄营养素。
ingest:vt.摄取;咽下;吸收;接待; excrete:vt.排泄;分泌;
We don't keep them all. 我们并不全部把它们储存起来。
In Rwanda, they are now getting 75 percent of their cooking fuel in their prison system from the contents of prisoners' bowels . 在卢旺达,如今 75％的监狱炊事燃料 来自犯人们的排泄物。
contents:n.内容; v.知足; (content的第三人称单数和复数) bowels:n.内脏(尤指人的肠); v.取出…的肠子(bowel的第三人称单数);
So these are a bunch of inmates in a prison in Butare. 这些是布塔雷监狱里的一些犯人,
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; inmates:n.被收容者;居民(inmate的名词复数);
They're genocidal inmates, most of them, and they're stirring the contents of their own latrines , because if you put poop in a sealed environment, in a tank, pretty much like a stomach, 他们是种族主义囚犯,大部分都是, 他们正在搅拌他们自己厕所里的粪便, 因为如果你把粪便放在一个密封的环境下,在一个罐子里, 大体跟胃一样,
genocidal:adj.集团屠杀的,种族灭绝的; stirring:adj.激动人心的; n.开始,出现,酝酿; v.搅动; (stir的现在分词) latrines:n.(营地等的)厕所;(尤指)茅坑,便坑;(latrine的复数)
then, pretty much like a stomach, it gives off gas, and you can cook with it. 它会产生瓦斯气体, 这些气体可以用来做饭。
And you might think it's just good karma to see these guys stirring shit, but it's also good economic sense, because they're saving a million dollars a year. 可能你会想他们活该 被叫去搅粪, 但是这也同时非常经济, 因为他们每年都能节约一百万美元。
karma:n.因果报应,因缘; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的;
They're cutting down on deforestation , and they've found a fuel supply that is inexhaustible , infinite and free at the point of production. 他们在减少森林的砍伐, 同时他们找到了一种可再生的, 无限的和生产起来完全免费的燃料供应链。
deforestation:n.采伐森林;森林开伐; inexhaustible:adj.用不完的;不知疲倦的; infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; at the point of:靠近;正要;
It's not just in the poor world that poop can save lives. 并不是说只有在贫穷地区粪便才能救人命。
Here's a woman who's about to get a dose of the brown stuff in those syringes , which is what you think it is, except not quite, because it's actually donated . 这边的这个妇女正要接受 这些注射器里的黄褐色的东西, 就像大家想的一样, 除了一点,它其实是捐献的。
dose:n.剂量;一剂,一服;v.服药;给药;给…服药; syringes:n.(皮下)注射器; v.用注射器清洗(耳朵); (syringe的第三人称单数和复数) donated:v.捐赠,赠送;献(血);捐献(器官);(donate的过去分词和过去式)
There is now a new career path called stool donor . 现在有一个新的职业称为大便捐助者.
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; stool:n.凳子;大便;粪便;v.长出新枝;排便 donor:n.捐赠者;供者;赠送人;adj.捐献的;经人工授精出生的;
It's like the new sperm donor. 就像是新的精子捐献者。
sperm:n.精子;精液;鲸蜡油;
Because she has been suffering from a superbug called C. diff , and it's resistant to antibiotics in many cases. 因为她长期被一种叫C.diff的超级病菌折磨, 而且这种病菌大多数情况下都是耐抗生素的。
superbug:n.超级病菌; diff:abbr.扩散器(diffuser);微分;差速器(differential); resistant:adj.抵抗的,反抗的;顽固的;n.抵抗者; antibiotics:n.抗菌素;抗生素(如青霉素);(antibiotic的复数)
She's been suffering for years. 她已经患病好多年了。
She gets a dose of healthy human feces, and the cure rate for this procedure is 94 percent. 她得到了一些健康人类的粪便, 而且这一方法的治愈率已经达到了94％。
procedure:n.步骤;手术;(商业、法律或政治上的)程序;
It's astonishing , but hardly anyone is still doing it. 这真是太奇妙了,但是几乎没有人这么做了,
astonishing:adj.令人十分惊讶的;v.使十分惊讶;使吃惊;(astonish的现在分词)
Maybe it's the ick factor . 也许是因为它倒人胃口的一面。
factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
That's okay, because there's a team of research scientists in Canada who have now created a stool sample, a fake stool sample which is called RePOOPulate. 没关系,因为加拿大的一些科学研究者们 已经研制出了一种粪便样品, 一个叫做REPOOPulate的假粪便样品。
fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的;
So you'd be thinking by now, okay, the solution 's simple, we give everyone a toilet. 到此大家可能会想,那好,解决方案就简单了, 我们给每个人一个厕所就是了。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And this is where it gets really interesting, because it's not that simple, because we are not simple. 这时候事情就变得非常有趣了, 没有那么简单,因为人类是复杂的。
So the really interesting, exciting work -- this is the engaging bit -- in sanitation is that we need to understand human psychology . 所以真正有趣和让人激动的工作 － 在卫生领域－ 就是我们需要了解人类心理学。
psychology:n.心理学;心理状态;
We need to understand software as well as just giving someone hardware . 我们在给一个人硬件设备的同时 也要明白软件的使用。
as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具;
They've found in many developing countries that governments have gone in and given out free latrines and gone back a few years later and found that they've 我们在很多发展中国家发现 政府已经提供了免费厕所 然后几年后大家发现那里的人们
got lots of new goat sheds or temples or spare rooms with their owners happily walking past them and going over to the open defecating ground. 建了新的羊圈或者寺庙或者备用的客房 而他们的主人却高兴的经过他们 到对面的露天排便区去了。
sheds:n.棚屋; v.把…放在棚内; spare:v.节约,吝惜;饶恕;分出,分让;adj.多余的;瘦的;少量的;n.剩余;备用零件; defecating:v.澄清;除去污物;排便;(defecate的现在分词)
So the idea is to manipulate human emotion . 所以我们的想法就是影响人类的情感。
manipulate:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改; emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;
It's been done for decades. The soap companies did it in the early 20th century. 这个方法已经被使用了几十年。肥皂公司们在20世纪早期 就这么做了。
They tried selling soap as healthy. No one bought it. 他们试图把卖点定义为健康。没有人要。
They tried selling it as sexy. Everyone bought it. 他们把肥皂说成是性感的。所有人都买了。
In India now there's a campaign which persuades young brides not to marry into families that don't have a toilet. 在印度现在有一个宣传活动 它是劝说年轻的新娘们 不要嫁到没有厕所的婆家去。
persuades:vt.说服,劝说; vi.说服; adj.空闲的,有闲的; brides:n.新娘;(bride的复数)
It's called "No Loo, No I Do." 它的口号就是“没有厕所,就没有‘我愿意’”。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And in case you think that poster's just propaganda , here's Priyanka, 23 years old. 如果你认为这张海报只是一个宣传的话, 这是Priyanka,23岁,
propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会;
I met her last October in India, and she grew up in a conservative environment. 我去年10月在印度认识的她, 她在一个保守的环境下长大。
conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者;
She grew up in a rural village in a poor area of India, and she was engaged at 14, and then at 21 or so, she moved into her in-law's house. 她在一个印度贫困地区的乡村长大, 她在14岁订婚,然后21岁左右, 她搬到了婆家去住。
rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式)
And she was horrified to get there and find that they didn't have a toilet. 然后她非常恐惧的发现 婆家竟然没有厕所。
horrified:adj.惊骇的;带有恐怖感的;v.惊骇(horrify的过去式和过去分词);使…战悚;
She'd grown up with a latrine. 她娘家是有厕所的。
It was no big deal, but it was a latrine. 没什么大不了的,但它确实是一个厕所。
And the first night she was there, she was told that at 4 o'clock in the morning -- her mother-in-law got her up, told her to go outside and go and do it in the dark in the open. 她在婆家过的第一夜, 凌晨4点－ 她的婆婆把她叫醒并让她 去外面露天空地上趁天黑解决。
mother-in-law:n.岳母;婆母;
And she was scared. She was scared of drunks hanging around. 她吓坏了。她害怕附近的醉鬼。
was scared of:害怕...
She was scared of snakes. She was scared of rape . 她怕蛇。她怕被强暴。
rape:n.强奸罪;强奸案;v.强奸;强暴;
After three days, she did an unthinkable thing. 三天后,她做了一件让人难以置信的事。
unthinkable:adj.不能想象的;过分的;
She left. 她离开了婆家。
And if you know anything about rural India, you'll know that's an unspeakably courageous thing to do. 如果你对印度的偏远乡村有些了解的话, 你就会知道这需要多么大的勇气。
unspeakably:adv.无法形容地;说不出地; courageous:adj.有胆量的,勇敢的;
But not just that. 但是不止如此。
She got her toilet, and now she goes around all the other villages in India persuading other women to do the same thing. 她得到了她的厕所,而且现在她到 印度其他的村庄去 劝说其他的妇女做同样的事情。
persuading:v.劝说;说服;使信服;使相信;(persuade的现在分词)
It's what I call social contagion , and it's really powerful and really exciting. 我把它叫做社会蔓延效应,它真的非常给力 而且让人激动不已。
contagion:n.传染病;蔓延;触染;
Another version of this, another village in India near where Priyanka lives is this village, called Lakara, and about a year ago, it had no toilets whatsoever . 另一个故事发生 在离Priyanka的村子不远的村庄 这个村子,叫Lakara, 大概一年前, 它没有一个厕所。
whatsoever:pron.无论什么;
Kids were dying of diarrhea and cholera. 儿童们死于腹泻和霍乱。
Some visitors came, using various behavioral change tricks like putting out a plate of food and a plate of shit and watching the flies go one to the other. 一些人过来,用了各种行为改变技巧 比如拿出一盘食物和一盘粪便 让当地人观察苍蝇们从一盘飞向另一盘。
behavioral:adj.行为的;
Somehow , people who'd been thinking that what they were doing was not disgusting at all suddenly thought, "Oops." 那些认为他们的所作所为 并不恶心的人们 突然想到, “天啊,糟糕。”
Somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词)
Not only that , but they were ingesting their neighbors' shit. 不仅如此,他们原来都在吃邻居们的粪便。
only that:只是;要不是; ingesting:v.摄入;食入;咽下;(ingest的现在分词)
That's what really made them change their behavior. 这个真的改变了他们的行为。
So this woman, this boy's mother installed this latrine in a few hours. 所以,这个妇女,这个男孩儿的母亲, 几个小时之内就安装了这个厕所。
Her entire life, she'd been using the banana field behind, but she installed the latrine in a few hours. 她的整个人生,都是在后面的香蕉地里解决的内急, 但是她却在几小时之内就安装了厕所。
It cost nothing. It's going to save that boy's life. 它完全免费。同时也会拯救那个男孩儿的生命。
So when I get despondent about the state of sanitation, even though these are pretty exciting times because we've got the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation reinventing the toilet, which is great, we've got Matt Damon going on bathroom strike, which is great for humanity , very bad for his colon . 所以当我对卫生状况感觉沮丧的时候, 尽管这些都是非常让人振奋的, 比如 我们有了比尔和梅林达盖茨基金会 重新发明厕所,非常伟大, 我们有了马特·达蒙 （好莱坞明星）为卫生间罢工, 这对人类进步来说非常好,但对他的结肠来说却很糟糕。
despondent:adj.沮丧的;失望的; Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; reinventing:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现;(reinvent的现在分词) humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; colon:n.[解剖]结肠;冒号(用于引语,说明,例证等之前);科郎(哥斯达黎加货币单位);
But there are things to worry about. 但是还是有事情需要我们担心。
It's the most off-track Millennium Development Goal. 这是最偏离轨道的千年发展目标。
off-track:adj.偏远的;场外下注的;正常铁道业务以外的;n.偏离磁道; Millennium:n.千年期,千禧年;一千年,千年纪念;太平盛世,黄金时代;
It's about 50 or so years off track. 它已经偏离轨道有50年了。
We're not going to meet targets, providing people with sanitation at this rate. 我们不会完成目标的, 如果我们仍以这样的速度提升人类的卫生条件的话。
So when I get sad about sanitation, 所以当我对卫生状况伤心的时候,
I think of Japan, because Japan 70 years ago was a nation of people who used pit latrines and wiped with sticks, and now it's a nation of what are called Woshurettos, washlet toilets. 我想到了日本,因为日本70年前 还是一个人人用坑式厕所 完事后用棍子擦拭的民族, 而现在这是一个被称作“Woshurettos”的民族, 免治马桶。
pit:n.深洞;深坑;矿井;麻子;v.使…表面有斑点;在…上打洞;去掉…的果核;
They have in-built bidet nozzles for a lovely, hands-free cleaning experience, and they have various other features like a heated seat and an automatic lid-raising device which is known as the "marriage-saver." 他们有内置浴盆喷嘴来营造一个美好的, 无须用手清理的体验, 而且他们还有其他的不同功能, 比如一个加热坐垫和一个自动打开马桶盖的装置 人们都叫它“婚姻保卫者”。
in-built:adj.内置的;与生俱来的;同时附有的; bidet:n.[建]坐浴盆; nozzles:n.[航][机]喷嘴;接管(nozzle的复数); hands-free:adj.免提的;免手持的; automatic:adj.自动的;无意识的;必然的;n.自动步枪;自动换挡汽车;
(Laughter) （笑声）
But most importantly, what they have done in Japan, which I find so inspirational , is they've brought the toilet out from behind the locked door. 但是最重要的,他们在日本的成就, 让我受益匪浅的是, 他们把厕所从锁着的门后面解救了出来。
inspirational:adj.鼓舞人心的;带有灵感的,给予灵感的;
They've made it conversational . 他们让人们可以谈论它。
conversational:adj.对话的;健谈的;
People go out and upgrade their toilet. 人们开始升级他们的厕所。
upgrade:v.使升级;提升;改良品种;n.升级;上升;上坡;adv.往上;adj.向上的;
They talk about it. They've sanitized it. 他们谈论它。他们已经打破了禁忌。
sanitized:v.净化;消毒,使清洁;(sanitize的过去式和过去分词)
I hope that we can do that. It's not a difficult thing to do. 我希望我们也可以这么做。其实并不难。
All we really need to do is look at this issue as the urgent , shameful issue that it is. 我们需要的就是 把这个问题 看成是非常紧急和可耻的问题。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的; shameful:adj.可耻的;不体面的;不道德的;猥亵的;
And don't think that it's just in the poor world that things are wrong. 而且不要认为只有在贫穷国家才有这个问题。
Our sewers are crumbling . 我们的下水道也在摇摇欲坠。
crumbling:v.(使)破碎,成碎屑;坍塌;损坏;崩裂;(crumble的现在分词)
Things are going wrong here too. 这里也同样有问题。
The solution to all of this is pretty easy. 解决这所有问题也非常简单。
I'm going to make your lives easy this afternoon and just ask you to do one thing, and that's to go out, protest , speak about the unspeakable , and talk shit. 我会让大家这个下午的日子好过些 我只让大家做一件事情, 就是走出去,呼吁, 宣讲这些难以启齿的问题, 以及聊聊内急这件事。（talk shit俚语是讲废话的意思）
protest:n.抗议;抗议书(或行动);反对;v.(公开)反对;抗议;申辩; unspeakable:adj.无法形容的;不能以言语表达的;坏透了的;
Thank you. 谢谢大家。
(Applause) （掌声）