RosalindPicard.2018X-.一个可以检测癫痫的人工智能手表.；TED演讲稿

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RosalindPicard_2018X-_一个可以检测癫痫的人工智能手表_
This is Henry, a cute boy, and when Henry was three, his mom found him having some febrile seizures .	他叫亨利。一个很可爱的男孩。在他三岁的时候, 他的母亲发现他患有发热性痉挛。
febrile:adj.发热的;[医]热病的;发烧的; seizures:n.癫痫,痉挛;发作(seizure的复数);
Febrile seizures are seizures that occur when you also have a fever, and the doctor said, "Don't worry too much. Kids usually outgrow these."	发热性痉挛是在发热时产生的癫痫症状。医生说, “不用太过担心, 儿童一般在长大后症状就会消失。”
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在; outgrow:vt.过大而不适于;出生;长大成熟而不再;
When he was four, he had a convulsive seizure, the kind that you lose consciousness and shake -- a generalized tonic-clonic seizure -- and while the diagnosis of epilepsy was in the mail,	四岁的时候,他出现了抽搐型癫痫。就是那种让人失去意识, 并且颤抖不止的癫痫—— 全身强直型阵挛性癫痫。当癫痫的诊断书还没寄到的时候,
convulsive:adj.抽搐的;惊厥的;震动的;起痉挛的; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; generalized:adj.广义的,普遍的; v.推广(generalize的过去分词); tonic-clonic:强直阵挛性; diagnosis:n.诊断; epilepsy:n.[内科]癫痫,癫痫症;
Henry's mom went to get him out of bed one morning, and as she went in his room, she found his cold, lifeless body.	一天早晨,亨利的妈妈去叫他起床。进入到他的寝室时, 她发现了他冰冷、无生命体征的身体。
lifeless:adj.无生命的;死气沉沉的;无趣味的;
Henry died of SUDEP, sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.	亨利死于 SUDEP: 即癫痫猝死症。
unexpected:adj.意外的,想不到的;
I'm curious how many of you have heard of SUDEP.	我很好奇你们当中有多少人听说过 SUDEP。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的;
This is a very well-educated audience, and I see only a few hands.	在座各位都受过良好的教育, 而我却只看到了少数人举手。
well-educated:adj.受过良好教育的;
SUDEP is when an otherwise healthy person with epilepsy dies and they can't attribute it to anything they can find in an autopsy .	SUDEP 会让一个原本健康的癫痫病人死亡后, 法医在其尸检中找不到任何可以致死的原因。
attribute:n.属性;象征;v.把…归因于;认为…属于;认为某人(某物)具有某种特性; autopsy:n.验尸;[病理][特医]尸体解剖;[病理][特医]尸体剖检;
There is a SUDEP every seven to nine minutes.	每7到9分钟就会有一例 SUDEP 发生。
That's on average two per TED Talk.	也就是说平均一场 TED 演讲的时间会发生两起 SUDEP。
Now, a normal brain has electrical activity.	正常的大脑都会有电流产生。
electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的;
You can see some of the electrical waves coming out of this picture of a brain here.	大家可以在这张大脑的图片中, 看到一些脑电波。
And these should look like typical electrical activity that an EEG could read on the surface.	它们看起来和脑电图在头皮部位读取到的普通的电流一样。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
When you have a seizure, it's a bit of unusual electrical activity, and it can be focal .	一旦遇到癫痫发作, 你的脑电波会有异常, 这可能就是病灶所在。
focal:adj.焦点的,在焦点上的;灶的,病灶的;
It can take place in just a small part of your brain.	它可能只发生于你大脑中的一小部分区域。
take place:发生;举行;
When that happens, you might have a strange sensation .	当它发生时, 你可能会有一种奇怪的感觉。
sensation:n.感觉;轰动;感动;
Several could be happening here in the audience right now, and the person next to you might not even know.	就在当下的听众中, 现在可能就在发生着几例。而你邻座的人并不知道。
However, if you have a seizure where that little brush fire spreads like a forest fire over the brain, then it generalizes , and that generalized seizure takes your consciousness away and causes you to convulse .	然而,如果你的癫痫像小火苗触发的森林大火一样在大脑中蔓延开, 这时,它就形成了一般意义上的癫痫。这种癫痫会带走你的意识并且引起你的抽搐。
generalizes:vt.概括;推广;使...一般化;vi.形成概念; convulse:v.使痉挛(或抽筋);(身体)震动(或抖动);
There are more SUDEPs in the United States every year than sudden infant death syndrome .	美国每年发生的 SUDEP 比婴儿突发综合症死亡数量还多。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) infant:n.婴儿;幼儿;未成年人;adj.婴儿的;幼稚的;初期的;未成年的; syndrome:n.[临床]综合征;综合症状;并发症状;校验子;并发位;
Now, how many of you have heard of sudden infant death syndrome?	你们当中有多少人听说过婴儿突发死亡综合症？
Right? Pretty much every hand goes up.	对吧? 几乎每个人都举起手了。
So what's going on here?	所以,这里到底发生了什么？
Why is this so much more common and yet people haven't heard of it?	为什么癫痫这么普遍, 人们却没有听说过它呢？
And what can you do to prevent it?	我们可以做什么来阻止癫痫呢？
Well, there are two things, scientifically shown, that prevent or reduce the risk of SUDEP.	好的,科学证明有两件事情可以阻止或者减少 SUDEP 的风险。
scientifically:adv.系统地;合乎科学地;学问上;
The first is: "Follow your doctor's instructions, take your medications ."	第一件事情就是: “遵循医嘱, 按时吃药。”
medications:n.药;药物;(medication的复数)
Two-thirds of people who have epilepsy get it under control with their medications.	三分之二的癫痫病患者, 通过药物可以把病情控制住。
Two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地;
The second thing that reduces the risk of SUDEP is companionship .	第二件可以减少 SUDEP 风险的事情是陪伴。
companionship:n.友谊;陪伴;交谊;
It's having somebody there at the time that you have a seizure.	也就是说在你发生癫痫时有人陪在身边。
Now, SUDEP, even though most of you have never heard of it, is actually the number two cause of years of potential life lost of all neurological disorders .	现在,虽然你们中的大多数人从未听说过SUDEP, 是在神经系统疾病患者的潜在死因排行榜上 SUDEP 多年位居第二。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; neurological:adj.神经病学的,神经学上的; disorders:n.无秩序,混乱; v.[电子]扰乱(disorder的单三形式);
The vertical axis is the number of deaths times the remaining life span , so higher is much worse impact .	竖轴是死亡人数, 乘以剩余寿命。越高越糟糕。
vertical:n.垂直线;垂直位置;adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的; axis:n.轴;轴线;轴心国; span:n.持续时间; v.持续; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
SUDEP, however, unlike these others, is something that people right here could do something to push that down.	然而,SUDEP不像其它症状, 在座各位可以做一些小事就能把它降低。
Now, what is Roz Picard, an AI researcher, doing here telling you about SUDEP, right?	我,罗兹·皮卡德,一个AI研究者能告诉你们有关 SUDEP 什么呢？
I'm not a neurologist .	我又不是一个神经学家。
neurologist:神经学家;神经科专门医师;
When I was working at the Media Lab on measurement of emotion, trying to make our machines more intelligent about our emotions , we started doing a lot of work measuring stress.	当我在研究情绪测量的多媒体实验室工作时, 我们研究如何让机器对我们的情感更智能。为此,我们启动了很多测量压力的工作。
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; measurement:n.测量;度量;长度; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
We built lots of sensors that measured it in lots of different ways.	我们构建了很多传感器以很多不同的方式来测量压力。
sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
But one of them in particular grew out of some of this very old work with measuring sweaty palms with an electrical signal.	但脱颖而出的是一个用电子信号来测量手掌出汗的老研究。
in particular:尤其,特别; sweaty:adj.出汗的;吃力的;使人出汗的; palms:n.手掌,手心;棕榈植物(palm的复数);v.把…藏于手中(palm的第三人称单数);
This is a signal of skin conductance that's known to go up when you get nervous, but it turns out it also goes up with a lot of other interesting conditions.	这是一个皮肤电导率的信号, 很多人知道, 它在你紧张时会上升, 它也会随着其它有趣的环境而上升。
conductance:n.电导(率);(热)传导性;
But measuring it with wires on your hand is really inconvenient .	但是通过手上绑一根电线的方式来测量确实很不方便。
inconvenient:adj.不便的;打扰的;
So we invented a bunch of other ways of doing this at the MIT Media Lab.	所以我们发明了其它的方法在MIT的多媒体实验室进行测试。
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆;
And with these wearables , we started to collect the first-ever clinical quality data 24-7.	这些可穿戴测量仪让我们能一周七天,24小时无间断地
wearables:adj.可穿着的;n.衣服;(wearables是wearable的复数); first-ever:adj.第一例;前所未有; clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的;
Here's a picture of what that looked like the first time an MIT student collected skin conductance on the wrist 24-7.	这张照片就是一个MIT在第一次7/24周期从手腕上收集到的皮肤电导率。
wrist:n.手腕;腕关节;v.用腕力移动[送出,抛掷等];
Let's zoom in a little bit here.	我们放大这里。
What you see is 24 hours from left to right, and here is two days of data.	你们可以看到从左到右是24小时这里有两天的数据。
And first, what surprised us was sleep was the biggest peak of the day.	首先,令我们震惊的是睡眠时,数据达到一天中最高峰。
peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
Now, that sounds broken, right?	现在,听上去好像是仪器坏了？
You're calm when you're asleep, so what's going on here?	你在睡觉时是平静的, 所以,究竟发生了什么？
Well, it turns out that our physiology during sleep is very different than our physiology during wake, and while there's still a bit of a mystery why these peaks are usually the biggest of the day during sleep,	研究发现我们在睡眠时的生理机能与我们在清醒时的生理机能大为不同。虽然我们对此的了解还不全面, “为什么通常总是在睡眠时出现一天的最高峰？”
physiology:n.生理学;生理机能; different than:不同于; peaks:n.山顶;峰巅(peak的复数);
we now believe they're related to memory consolidation and memory formation during sleep.	我们现在认为它们和睡眠时的记忆固化以及记忆形成有关。
consolidation:n.巩固;合并;团结; formation:n.形成;编队;组成;队形;
We also saw things that were exactly what we expected.	我们同样看到了我们精确期待会发生的事情。
When an MIT student is working hard in the lab or on homeworks , there is not only emotional stress, but there's cognitive load, and it turns out that cognitive load, cognitive effort, mental engagement , excitement about learning something -- those things also make the signal go up.	当一个MIT的学生在努力在实验室工作或者在写作业时, 他承受的不仅有情感压力, 还有认知负载, 研究表明认知负载,认知努力, 精神上的专注还有对所学习东西的兴奋等, 这些东西都会让这个信号上升。
homeworks:作业资料;家庭办公;煌家; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物;
Unfortunately , to the embarrassment of we MIT professors,	很不幸, 这让我们MIT的教授们有些难堪,
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; embarrassment:n.窘迫,难堪;使人为难的人或事物;拮据;
(Laughter)	（大笑）
the low point every day is classroom activity.	因为,每天的低点是课堂活动。
low point:n.最无趣的部分;最差的部分;
Now, I am just showing you one person's data here, but this, unfortunately, is true in general .	我在这里只给你们展示了一个人的数据。但是这点,很不幸, 却基本上是真实的。
in general:总之,通常;一般而言;
This sweatband has inside it a homebuilt skin-conductance sensor, and one day, one of our undergrads knocked on my door right at the end of the December semester , and he said, "Professor Picard, can I please borrow one of your wristband sensors?	这个防汗带内置了一个自主研发的皮肤电传导传感器, 一天,我们的一个大学生在12月学期结束的时候敲开了我的门然后他说到:“皮卡德教授我能借一个您的腕部传感器吗？
sweatband:n.(扎在头上或手腕上的)吸汗带; homebuilt:自制的;家里做的自制的; skin-conductance:皮肤电传导;皮肤导电性;皮肤传导速率; undergrads:n.大学肄业生;adj.大学生的(等于undergraduate); semester:n.学期;半年; wristband:n.袖口;腕套;手表带;
My little brother has autism , he can't talk, and I want to see what's stressing him out."	我幼小的弟弟有自闭症, 他不能说话, 我想要知道什么东西会给他压力。”
autism:n.[心理][内科]孤独症;自我中心主义;
And I said, "Sure, in fact, don't just take one, take two,"	我说到: “当然可以,实际上, 不要拿一个,拿两个吧”
because they broke easily back then.	因为它们那时很容易坏掉。
So he took them home, he put them on his little brother.	所以他把它们带回家, 并给他弟弟穿戴上了。
Now, I was back in MIT, looking at the data on my laptop , and the first day, I thought, "Hmm, that's odd , he put them on both wrists instead of waiting for one to break.	然后,我回到了 MIT,看着我笔记本上的数据第一天,我想到: “额,这个有些古怪” “他把传感器戴在了两个手腕上, 而不是等一个先坏掉。
laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑; odd:adj.古怪的;奇数的;n.奇数; wrists:n.手腕(wrist的复数);
OK, fine, don't follow my instructions."	不过没事,不用遵守我的指令。”
I'm glad he didn't.	我很欣慰他没有按照我的指令。
Second day -- chill . Looked like classroom activity.	第二天 -- 数据平稳低迷, 看起来像课堂活动。
chill:n.寒冷; adj.寒冷的; v.冷冻,冷藏;
(Laughter)	（大笑）
A few more days ahead.	又过去了几天。
The next day, one wrist signal was flat and the other had the biggest peak I've ever seen, and I thought, "What's going on?	一天,一个手腕的信号变平直了而另外一个手腕的信号出现了我从未遇到过的峰值。我当时在想,“到底发生了什么？
We've stressed people out at MIT every way imaginable .	“我们在 MIT 给人们各种可以想象到的压力。
imaginable:adj.可能的;可想像的;
I've never seen a peak this big."	我从来没见到过这么大的峰值。”
And it was only on one side.	而且它还只是一边的数据。
How can you be stressed on one side of your body and not the other?	你的身体怎样才能做到一边有压力而不是另外一边呢？
So I thought one or both sensors must be broken.	所以,我以为其中一个或者两个传感器一定是坏了。
Now, I'm an electroengineer by training, so I started a whole bunch of stuff to try to debug this, and long story short, I could not reproduce this.	我是一个受过培训的电子工程师, 所以,我尝试了一堆方法来调试它, 简短的说,我不能重现这个现象。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: debug:vt.调试;除错,改正有毛病部分;[军]除去窃听器; reproduce:v.繁殖;复制;再现;生育;
So I resorted to old-fashioned debugging .	所以,我又诉诸于老式的排障技术。
resorted:n.凭借,手段;度假胜地;常去之地;vi.求助,诉诸;常去;采取某手段或方法; old-fashioned:adj.老式的;过时的;守旧的; debugging:n.调试以排除故障;v.排除故障;发现并改正错误(debug的ing形式);
I called the student at home on vacation.	我给那个在家休假的学生挂了电话。
'"Hi, how's your little brother? How's your Christmas?	“你好,你的弟弟情况如何？你的圣诞节怎么样？”
Hey, do you have any idea what happened to him?"	你弟弟发生了什么事吗？”
And I gave this particular date and time, and the data.	我告诉他了这个特殊的日期和时间还有当时的数据。
And he said, "I don't know, I'll check the diary."	他说到: “我不知道, 我会检查日记的”
Diary? An MIT student keeps a diary?	日记？一个 MIT 学生会保持写日记？
So I waited and he came back.	所以,我等待着, 他一会儿就回话。
He had the exact date and time, and he says, "That was right before he had a grand mal seizure."	他告诉我精确的日期和时间, 并且他说到: “那正是在他癫痫严重发作之前。”
grand mal:n.(癫痫)大发作;
Now, at the time, I didn't know anything about epilepsy, and did a bunch of research, realized that another student's dad is chief of neurosurgery at Children's Hospital Boston , screwed up my courage and called Dr. Joe Madsen.	在那时,我对癫痫一无所知, 然后我做了很多研究, 而后我了解到另外一个学生的父亲是波士顿儿童医院的首席神经外科医生, 我鼓足勇气,打电话给乔·马森医生。
neurosurgery:n.[外科]神经外科; Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市); screwed:v.用螺丝固定;旋紧;拧紧;拧上去;(screw的过去分词和过去式)
'"Hi, Dr. Madsen, my name's Rosalind Picard.	“你好,乔·马森医生, 我叫罗莎琳德·皮卡尔。
Is it possible somebody could have a huge sympathetic nervous system surge" -- that's what drives the skin conductance -- "20 minutes before a seizure?"	有没有可能某个人会产生巨大的交叉神经系统激增” -- 这就是驱动表层电导率激增的原因 -- “并且这会在癫痫发作前 20分钟出现？”
sympathetic:adj.同情的;赞同的;和谐的;n.交感神经;容易感受的人; nervous system:n.神经系统;
And he says, "Probably not."	他说: “可能不会。”
He says, "It's interesting.	他说: “这很有趣。
We've had people whose hair stands on end on one arm 20 minutes before a seizure."	我们有病人出现一只手臂的汗毛竖起来的情况在癫痫发作前20分钟。“
And I'm like, "On one arm?"	我说:“一只胳膊？”
I didn't want to tell him that, initially , because I thought this was too ridiculous .	起初,我并不想告诉他那件事情, 因为我认为这太荒谬了。
initially:adv.最初,首先;开头; ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
He explained how this could happen in the brain, and he got interested. I showed him the data.	他解释到这种情况如何在大脑中发生, 他也很感兴趣,我给他展示了数据。
We made a whole bunch more devices , got them safety certified .	我们制作了更多的设备, 并且通过安全认证。
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); certified:adj.被证明了的; v.(尤指书面)证明,证实; (certify的过去式和过去分词)
90 families were being enrolled in a study, all with children who were going to be monitored 24-7 with gold-standard EEG on their scalp for reading the brain activity, video to watch the behavior,	90 个家庭参与到这个研究中, 这些家庭的孩子每时每刻都会被监视测量, 就通过装置于他们头皮上的配备标准的脑电图分析器来读取脑部活动, 还有视频来观察行为。
enrolled:v.(使)加入;注册;登记;(enroll的过去分词和过去式) scalp:n.头皮;带发头皮;标志;v.(作为战利品,从被杀的敌人头上)剥下带发头皮;
electrocardiogram -- ECG -- and now EDA, electrodermal activity, to see if there was something in this periphery that we could easily pick up, related to a seizure.	心电监护仪还有皮肤电活动等用来检查在这范围之内是否存在某物使得我们能很快的发现, 并且它和癫痫有关。
electrocardiogram:n.[内科]心电图; electrodermal:adj.带电表皮的; periphery:n.外围,边缘;圆周;圆柱体表面;
We found, in 100 percent of the first batch of grand mal seizures, this whopper of responses in the skin conductance.	我们发现,在第一批的癫痫大发作中, 100%的情况都有这种皮肤电导率的巨大波动。
batch:n.一批;一炉;一次所制之量;v.分批处理; whopper:n.特大的(或硕大的)东西;谎言;瞎话; responses:n.回答,答复;反应;响应;(response的复数)
The blue in the middle, the boy's sleep, is usually the biggest peak of the day.	中间的蓝色,男孩的睡眠, 通常是一天中的最大高峰值。
These three seizures you see here are popping out of the forest like redwood trees.	这里看到的三个癫痫就像从森林里冒出来的红杉树。
redwood:n.红木树,[林]红杉;红树木材;
Furthermore , when you couple the skin conductance at the top with the movement from the wrist and you get lots of data and train machine learning and AI on it,	另外,如果你把顶部的表皮电导率与腕部的运动连接起来, 加上你得到的大量数据, 并且训练这方面的机器学习和AI,
Furthermore:adv.此外;而且;
you can build an automated AI that detects these patterns much better than just a shake detector can do.	你就能构建一个自动的人工智能来更好地监测这些数据变动远比一个震动探测器能做的多。
automated:adj.自动化的;v.(使)自动化;(automate的过去式和过去分词) detects:发现; detector:n.探测器;检测器;发现者;侦察器;
So we realized that we needed to get this out, and with the PhD work of Ming-Zher Poh and later great improvements by Empatica, this has made progress and the seizure detection is much more accurate .	我们意识到我们需要把它做出来, 随着博明哲博士的工作以及后来Empatica公司的巨大改进后, 这个传感器取得了进步, 而且对癫痫的检测也变的更加精确。
improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数) detection:n.侦查,探测;发觉,发现;察觉; accurate:adj.精确的;
But we also learned some other things about SUDEP during this.	另外在这个过程中, 我们又学到了更多关于SUDEP的知识。
One thing we learned is that SUDEP, while it's rare after a generalized tonic-clonic seizure, that's when it's most likely to happen -- after that type.	其中一个是, SUDEP虽然很少会在强直阵痉挛发生后这是最有可能发生的时刻 -- 在那种类型之后。
And when it happens, it doesn't happen during the seizure, and it doesn't usually happen immediately afterwards, but immediately afterwards, when the person just seems very still and quiet,	SUDEP 并不在癫痫发作时发生, 并且它通常不会马上发生, 但是,紧接着, 当病人看起来非常安稳时,
they may go into another phase , where the breathing stops, and then after the breathing stops, later the heart stops.	他们可能会进入另外一个阶段, 他们会停止呼吸在呼吸停止后,后来心脏停止。
phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做;
So there's some time to get somebody there.	所以,存在一段时间可以让某人赶过去。
We also learned that there is a region deep in the brain called the amygdala , which we had been studying in our emotion research a lot.	我们还了解到大脑深处存在一个区域叫作杏仁核区我们在情感实验室一直对它做了许多研究。
region:n.地区;范围;部位; amygdala:n.[解剖]杏仁核;扁桃腺;苦巴旦杏;
We have two amygdalas , and if you stimulate the right one, you get a big right skin conductance response.	我们有两个杏仁核, 如果你刺激右边那一个你就会得到一个巨大的右侧皮层传导率反应。
amygdalas:n.[解剖]杏仁核;扁桃腺;苦巴旦杏; stimulate:v.刺激;激发;促进;激励;
Now, you have to sign up right now for a craniotomy to get this done, not exactly something we're going to volunteer to do, but it causes a big right skin conductance response.	现在,你需要进行穿颅手术来做到这一点这并不是什么我们会自愿去做的事情, 但是它的确会引起一个巨大的右侧表皮传导率反应。
craniotomy:n.[妇产]穿颅术;颅骨切开术; volunteer:n.志愿者;志愿兵;adj.志愿的;v.自愿;
Stimulate the left one, big left skin conductance response on the palm.	刺激左侧那个, 会引起手掌上左侧的皮层传导率反应。
And furthermore, when somebody stimulates your amygdala while you're sitting there and you might just be working, you don't show any signs of distress , but you stop breathing, and you don't start again until somebody stimulates you.	更进一步说, 当某人刺激你的杏仁核时, 你可能正坐着工作。你并不会表现出来任何悲痛的信号但你会停止呼吸。并且在某人再次刺激你之前你不会恢复呼吸。
stimulates:vt.刺激;鼓舞,激励;vi.起刺激作用;起促进作用; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困;
'"Hey, Roz, are you there?"	“你好,罗兹,你还好吧？”
And you open your mouth to talk.	这时你张开口开始说话。
As you take that breath to speak, you start breathing again.	当你为了说话而吸了那口气之后, 你开始继续呼吸。
So we had started with work on stress, which had enabled us to build lots of sensors that were gathering high quality enough data that we could leave the lab and start to get this in the wild;	所以,我们开始研究压力, 这使得我们可以建造许多传感器, 它们能收集足够多的高质量数据, 使得我们可以收集实验室之外的数据。
enabled:v.使得;授予…权力;(enabled是enable的过去式)
accidentally found a whopper of a response with the seizure, neurological activation that can cause a much bigger response than traditional stressors; lots of partnership with hospitals and an epilepsy monitoring unit, especially Children's Hospital Boston and the Brigham; and machine learning and AI on top of this to take and collect lots more data in service of trying to understand these events and if we could prevent SUDEP.	我们无意间还发现了癫痫引发的高峰反应神经系统激活, 相对于传统的压力来说, 能够引起更大的反应。许多医院正与癫痫监控单元合作, 特别是波士顿儿童医院和布里格姆医院。现在还可利用机器学习和人工智能的技术用来获取和收集更多的数据以便尝试理解这些事件, 看看我们是否能够阻止 SUDEP。
accidentally:adv.意外地:偶然,偶然地; activation:n.[电子][物]激活;活化作用; traditional:传统的,惯例的, partnership:n.合伙;[经管]合伙企业;合作关系;合伙契约; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
This is now commercialized by Empatica, a start-up that I had the privilege to cofound , and the team there has done an amazing job improving the technology to make a very beautiful sensor	Empatica 公司已将这些商业化这是一家初创企业, 我有幸是它的联合创办人, 他们团队出色地改进了制造更完美的传感器的技术,
commercialized:adj.商业化的;v.使商品化;靠…赚钱(commercialize的过去分词); start-up:n.启动;adj.起动阶段的;开始阶段的(异体字startup); privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; cofound:v.共同创立;联合发起; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词) technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
that not only tells time and does steps and sleep and all that good stuff, but this is running real-time AI and machine learning to detect generalized tonic-clonic seizures and send an alert for help if I were to have a seizure and lose consciousness.	这个传感器不止告诉我们时间, 步数,睡眠这些好数据, 它还实时运行着一个AI和机器学习程序用来检测常规的强直阵痉挛型癫痫, 并会在我要发生癫痫并且失去意识时发出警报。
real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; alert:n.警报; adj.警觉的; v.向…报警;
This just got FDA-approved as the first smartwatch to get approved in neurology .	这个已经被食药监局批准作为第一个在神经系统方面被批准的智能腕表。
smartwatch:n.智能手表; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式) neurology:n.神经病学;神经学;
(Applause)	（掌声）
Now, the next slide is what made my skin conductance go up.	现在,接下来的这张幻灯片导致我的皮层传导率上升。
One morning, I'm checking my email and I see a story from a mom who said she was in the shower, and her phone was on the counter by the shower, and it said her daughter might need her help.	一天,我检查我的邮箱我看到了一封来自一个妈妈的故事。她说她正在淋浴, 她的手机放在淋浴房的柜台上, 手机告诉她女儿可能需要她的帮助。
So she interrupts her shower and goes running to her daughter's bedroom, and she finds her daughter facedown in bed, blue and not breathing.	所以她中断洗澡奔跑进女儿的卧室她发现女儿在被窝里脸朝下, 发紫并且没有呼吸。
interrupts:n.中断(interrupt的复数);v.打断(interrupt的三单形式); facedown:n.(美)直接对抗;摊牌;adv.面向下地;
She flips her over -- human stimulation -- and her daughter takes a breath, and another breath, and her daughter turns pink and is fine.	她把她翻转过来 ——人类刺激然后她女儿吸了一口气, 接着另外一口气, 最终她女儿脸色变粉并且好了。
flips:n.菲力普类(酒的一种);vt.掷;弹;轻击(flip的第三人称单数); stimulation:n.刺激;激励,鼓舞;
I think I turned white reading this email.	我想我在读到这封邮件时脸色变白了。
My first response is, "Oh no, it's not perfect.	我的第一反应是 “噢,不,这还不完善。
The Bluetooth could break, the battery could die.	“蓝牙可能会坏掉,电池会耗尽。
Bluetooth:n.蓝牙技术(一种无线通信的标准); battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位;
All these things could go wrong. Don't rely on this."	这些都可能出错。你不能依赖这个。“
rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
And she said, "It's OK. I know no technology is perfect.	然后她说 “没关系的, 我知道没有技术是完美的。
None of us can always be there all the time.	我们没有人可以一直在患者身边。
But this, this device plus AI enabled me to get there in time to save my daughter's life."	但是这个设备加上AI, 让我能够及时挽救我女儿的性命。”
Now, I've been mentioning children, but SUDEP peaks, actually, among people in their 20s, 30s and 40s, and the next line I'm going to put up is probably going to make some people uncomfortable, but it's less uncomfortable than we'll all be if this list is extended to somebody you know.	现在,我一直在谈论小孩。但是实际上,SUDEP 在20岁,30岁和 40岁人群中达到峰值。还有下一个我将要展示的曲线很可能会令一些人感到不舒适, 但这其中若包括你们认识的人, 你们可能会更不适。
extended:adj.延长了的;扩展了的;v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;(extend的过去式和过去分词)
Could this happen to somebody you know?	这可能发生在你认识的某个人身上吗？
And the reason I bring up this uncomfortable question is because one in 26 of you will have epilepsy at some point, and from what I've been learning, people with epilepsy often don't tell their friends and their neighbors that they have it.	我提出这个令人不适的问题的原因是因为你们当中每26个人就有1个将会在某个点发生癫痫, 并且根据我所学到的, 患有癫痫的人通常不会告诉他们的朋友和邻居他们患有这种病的。
So if you're willing to let them use an AI or whatever to summon you in a moment of possible need, if you would let them know that, you could make a difference in their life.	所以如果你愿意让他们使用一个AI或者其它东西在急需时刻召唤你的话, 如果你让他们知道这些, 你就可以改变他们的生活。
summon:v.召唤;召集;鼓起;振作; in a moment:立刻; make a difference:有影响,有关系;
Why do all this hard work to build AIs?	为什么做这么多辛苦工作来构建这些AI？
A couple of reasons here: one is Natasha, the girl who lived, and her family wanted me to tell you her name.	有几个原因: 一个就是娜塔莎,那个活下来的女孩, 她的家人想要我告诉你们她的名字。
Another is her family and the wonderful people out there who want to be there to support people who have conditions that they've felt uncomfortable in the past mentioning to others.	另外一个是她的家庭还有世界各地美好的人们, 他们想去帮助那些患有癫痫却在过去不敢告诉他人的人们。
And the other reason is all of you, because we have the opportunity to shape the future of AI.	另外一个原因就是你们所有人。因为我们有机会去塑造 AI 的未来。
We can actually change it, because we are the ones building it.	我们可以改变它因为我们就是建设它的人。
So let's build AI that makes everybody's lives better.	所以,让我们来建设 AI 来让每一个人的生活更好一些。
Thank you.	谢谢。
(Applause)	（掌声）

RosalindPicard_2018X-_一个可以检测癫痫的人工智能手表_