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RonaldRael_2018S-_一位建筑师对美墨边界墙颠覆性的新构思_
Isn't it fascinating how the simple act of drawing a line on the map can transform the way we see and experience the world? 简单地在地图上画 一条线,便能改变我们 体验和看待这个世界的方式, 这不是很有意思吗？
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
And how those spaces in between lines, borders, become places. 那些线、那些边界之间的空间, 成了一个个地区。
They become places where language and food and music and people of different cultures rub up against each other in beautiful and sometimes violent and occasionally really ridiculous ways. 在这些地区里,不同文化的 语言、食物,音乐和人, 以美丽的、时而带暴力的, 甚至是偶尔极荒谬的方式互动。
rub up against:接近…; violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然; ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
And those lines drawn on a map can actually create scars in the landscape , and they can create scars in our memories. 而画在地图上的线, 不仅形成景观上的疤痕, 也能在记忆中留下疮疤。
landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
My interest in borders came about when I was searching for an architecture of the borderlands . 我在找寻边境地区建筑的时候, 开始对边界感到兴趣。
architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; borderlands:n.边境之地;无主之地;边界诸国(borderland复数);
And I was working on several projects along the US-Mexico border, designing buildings made out of mud taken right from the ground. 当时我正在美墨边境做几个项目, 设计泥土造的建筑。
And I also work on projects that you might say immigrated to this landscape. 我也参与了一些可以说是 迁徙到那片土地上的项目。
immigrated:v.(从外地)移居;移民;(immigrate的过去分词和过去式)
'" Prada Marfa," a land-art sculpture that crosses the border between art and architecture, and it demonstrated to me that architecture could communicate ideas ＂马尔法的普拉达＂, 这个土地艺术雕塑 穿越了艺术与建筑的边界, 它让我明白建筑也能传达
Prada:n.普拉达(奢侈品品牌); sculpture:n.雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀;vt.雕塑;雕刻;刻蚀;vi.从事雕刻; demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式)
that are much more politically and culturally complex , that architecture could be satirical and serious at the same time and it could speak to the disparities between wealth and poverty and what's local and what's foreign. 很复杂的政治文化理念, 而且建筑可以同时具有 讽刺性而又严肃, 它可以展现贫富差距, 也能显现什么是本地、 什么是外来的。
politically:adv.政治上; culturally:adv.从文化角度,文化意义上;在人文学方面; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; satirical:adj.讽刺性的;讥讽的;爱挖苦人的; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; disparities:不一致(disparity的复数); wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
And so in my search for an architecture of the borderlands, 因此,当我找寻边境地区建筑时,
I began to wonder, is the wall architecture? 我也开始质疑: 边境墙算是建筑吗？
I began to document my thoughts and visits to the wall by creating a series of souvenirs to remind us of the time when we built a wall and what a crazy idea that was. 我创作了一系列的纪念品, 以此记录我在边境墙实地勘察的想法, 借以提醒大家关注墙的兴建, 以及建墙这主意是多么疯狂。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; souvenirs:n.纪念物;纪念品;礼物;(souvenir的复数) remind:v.提醒;使想起;
I created border games, 我创造了边境游戏、
(Laughter) （笑声）
postcards , snow globes with little architectural models inside of them, and maps that told the story of resilience at the wall and sought for ways that design could bring to light the problems that the border wall was creating. 明信片、 里头有小建筑模型的雪花球、 还有讲述这堵墙的顽强事迹的地图, 我寻思要如何设计才能减轻 边墙所带来的问题。
postcards:n.明信片;(postcard的复数) architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的; resilience:n.恢复力;弹力;顺应力; sought:v.seek(寻求、寻找)的过去式和过去分词形式; bring to light:揭露;发现;公开;
So, is the wall architecture? 那么,边界墙算是建筑吗？
Well, it certainly is a design structure , and it's designed at a research facility called FenceLab, where they would load vehicles with 10,000 pounds and ram them into the wall at 40 miles an hour to test the wall's impermeability . 它肯定是一个设计结构, 由一个叫＂FenceLab＂ 的研究单位设计, 在那儿,他们开载重10,000 磅的车, 以 40 英里时速撞墙 以此来测试墙的抗穿透性。
structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; facility:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;天资; vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) ram:v.相撞;挤进;n.公羊; impermeability:n.抗渗性;不渗透性;不透过性;气密性;
But there was also counter-research going on on the other side , the design of portable drawbridges that you could bring right up to the wall and allow vehicles to drive right over. 但另一边也有人做对应的研究, 设计便携式吊桥, 你可以把它带到墙边架起, 从墙上开车过去。
on the other side:另一面;在另一边; portable:adj.便携式的;手提的;轻便的;n.便携机;(尤指)手提电脑; drawbridges:n.吊桥;索桥;(drawbridges是drawbridge的复数)
(Laughter) （笑声）
And like with all research projects, there are successes and there are failures. 如同所有的研究项目,有的成功 有的失败。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But it's these medieval reactions to the wall -- drawbridges, for example -- that are because the wall itself is an arcane , medieval form of architecture. 但这些中世纪的方法— — 例如吊桥— — 是因为墙本身就是一种 神秘的中世纪建筑形式。
medieval:adj.中世纪的;原始的;仿中世纪的;老式的; reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数) arcane:adj.神秘的;晦涩难解的;秘传的;
It's an overly simplistic response to a complex set of issues . 这是对于一系列复杂的问题 所做出过于简单的回应。
overly:adv.过度地;极度地; simplistic:adj.过分简单化的;过分单纯化的; response:n.响应;反应;回答; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
And a number of medieval technologies have sprung up along the wall: catapults that launch bales of marijuana over the wall 还有另一些中世纪的技术 沿着墙壁如雨后春笋般涌现: 例如用投射机将 整袋大麻抛过围墙,
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); catapults:n.弹弩; v.用弹射器弹射; launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; bales:n.捆(bale的复数);毛包;v.将…打包(bale的三单形式); marijuana:n.大麻;大麻毒品;
(Laughter) （笑声）
or cannons that shoot packets of cocaine and heroin over the wall. 或用大炮将可卡因 和海洛因包裹射过去。
cannons:n.大炮; v.炮击; cocaine:n.[药]可卡因; heroin:n.[药][毒物]海洛因,吗啡;
Now during medieval times, diseased , dead bodies were sometimes catapulted over walls as an early form of biological warfare , and it's speculated that today, humans are being propelled over the wall as a form of immigration . 在中世纪时期, 有时会将病死的尸体投射过城墙, 这是生物战的早期形式; 时至今日也有传言, 说有人以被抛过墙的方式来移民。
diseased:adj.不健全的;患病的;病态的;v.使生病;传染;(disease的过去式和过去分词) catapulted:n.弹弓; vt.用弹弓射; vi.用弹射器弹射; biological warfare:n.生物战;细菌战; speculated:v.推测;猜测;推断;投机;做投机买卖;(speculate的过去分词和过去式) propelled:adj.推进的;v.推动;驱使(propel的过去分词); immigration:n.外来移民;移居;
A ridiculous idea. 真是荒谬的主意。
But the only person ever known to be documented to have launched over the wall from Mexico to the United States was in fact a US citizen, who was given permission to human-cannonball over the wall, 200 feet, so long as he carried his passport in hand 但仅有一人被从墨西哥抛进美国 且正式记录在案的 其实是美国公民, 并且他事先申请了人肉炮弹表演的许可, 飞越 200 英呎, 条件是他必须带着护照。
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) so long as:adv.只要;
(Laughter) （笑声）
and he landed safely in a net on the other side. 他成功降落在另一边的网子上。
And my thoughts are inspired by a quote by the architect Hassan Fathy, who said, " Architects do not design walls, but the spaces between them." 建筑师哈桑·法西的话对我很有启发。 他说: ＂建筑师不设计墙壁, 设计的是墙壁之间的空间。＂
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; Architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
So while I do not think that architects should be designing walls, 因此我不认为建筑师 应该去设计墙壁,
I do think it's important and urgent that they should be paying attention to those spaces in between. 我认为更重要、更急迫的是 他们该着眼于墙与墙间的空间。
urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的;
They should be designing for the places and the people, the landscapes that the wall endangers . 他们应该为那些 受了那堵墙危害的地方、 人、和风景来做设计。
landscapes:n.风景; v.从事庭园设计; endangers:vt.危及;使遭到危险;
Now, people are already rising to this occasion, and while the purpose of the wall is to keep people apart and away, it's actually bringing people together in some really remarkable ways, 现在,人们已经站出来。 虽然墙的目的是将人分开, 它反而以非凡的方式, 将人凝聚在一起。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
holding social events like binational yoga classes along the border, to bring people together across the divide. 他们举办社交活动,像是 沿着边界的跨国瑜伽课, 将被分隔的人带到了一起。
binational:两国;两个国家的; yoga:n.瑜珈(意为"结合",指修行);瑜珈术;联想可360°翻转的平板电脑;
I call this the monument pose . 这一招我称之为＂纪念碑式＂。
monument:n.丰碑;纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等);历史遗迹;有历史价值的建筑; pose:v.引起; n.装腔作势; (为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And have you ever heard of "wall y ball"? 你们有没有听说过＂墙球＂？
(Laughter) （笑声）
It's a borderland version of volleyball, and it's been played since 1979 这是一个边境版的排球, 早自 1979 年便有人……
(Laughter) （笑声）
along the US-Mexico border to celebrate binational heritage . 沿着美墨边境玩, 来庆祝两国的传承。
heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权;
And it raises some interesting questions, right? 这引发了一些有趣的问题,对吗？
Is such a game even legal ? 这样的游戏究竟合不合法？
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的;
Does hitting a ball back and forth over the wall constitute illegal trade? 在墙头上将球打过来打过去, 是否构成非法贸易？
back and forth:前后移动的,来回的,反复的; constitute:v.组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
(Laughter) （笑声）
The beauty of volleyball is that it transforms the wall into nothing more than a line in the sand negotiated by the minds and bodies and spirits of players on both sides. 排球的美,在于它将墙 化为沙子上的一条线, 由双方球员的思想、 身体和精神协商而来。
transforms:v.[数][电]变换; n.语法转化规则; line in the sand:底线;划清的界限;划清界限; negotiated:adj.商谈的;v.谈判,协商(negotiate过去式和过去分词形式);
And I think it's exactly these kinds of two-sided negotiations that are needed to bring down walls that divide. 而且我认为要撤掉这堵分裂的墙, 所需要的正是这种双边协商。
two-sided:adj.有两边的;两方面的; negotiations:n.谈判(negotiation的复数);磋商; bring down:降低;打倒,打死;击落;
Now, throwing the ball over the wall is one thing, but throwing rocks over the wall has caused damage to Border Patrol vehicles and have injured Border Patrol agents , and the response from the US side has been drastic . 扔球过去是一回事, 把石头扔过围墙又是另一回事。 石头砸坏了边境巡逻车, 伤到了边巡人员, 也引发了美方的激烈反应。
Patrol:n.巡逻;巡逻队;侦察队;vt.巡逻;巡查;vi.巡逻;巡查; injured:adj.受伤的:委屈的: v.伤害,使受伤: n.伤员; agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数) drastic:adj.激烈的;猛烈的;n.烈性泻药;
Border Patrol agents have fired through the wall, killing people throwing rocks on the Mexican side. 边巡人员朝围墙另一边开了枪, 打死了墨西哥方面扔石头的人。
And another response by Border Patrol agents is to erect baseball backstops to protect themselves and their vehicles. 边巡人员的另一种回应, 是竖立起棒球场那种挡球网 来保护人员和车辆。
erect:vt.使竖立;建造;安装;adj.竖立的;笔直的;因性刺激而勃起的;vi.直立;勃起; backstops:n.托架; v.挡住; (backstop的复数)
And these backstops became a permanent feature in the construction of new walls. 在建造新墙的时候, 挡球网已经成了标准设施。
permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
And I began to wonder if, like volleyball, maybe baseball should be a permanent feature at the border, and walls could start opening up , allowing communities to come across and play, and if they hit a home run, 我开始想:和排球一样, 也许棒球应该是边境的标准设施, 边墙可以开始开放, 让附近社区一起来玩。 如果打了个全垒打,
opening up:n.解禁;开放;供开发;启用; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) come across:偶然遇见;给人以…的印象;
maybe a Border Patrol agent would pick up the ball and throw it back over to the other side. 或许边巡人员会帮忙捡起球, 扔回墙的另一边。
A Border Patrol agent buys a raspado, a frozen treat , from a vendor just a couple feet away, food and money is exchanged through the wall, an entirely normal event made illegal by that line drawn on a map and a couple millimeters of steel. 在这里边巡人员向几英呎外的小贩 购买墨西哥冰沙, 食物和钱穿过墙交换, 一件完全正常的事, 但被地图上的一条线 及几毫米厚的钢材划定为非法。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; vendor:n.卖主;小贩;[贸易]自动售货机; millimeters:n.毫米;(millimeter的复数)
And this scene reminded me of a saying: "If you have more than you need, you should build longer tables and not higher walls." 这一幕让我想起了一句话: “如果你有多的, 应该要摆更大的客桌, 而不是筑更高的墙。”
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式)
So I created this souvenir to remember the moment that we could share food and conversation across the divide. 所以我做了这个纪念品, 来纪念我们可以跨越藩篱 分享食物和对话的那一刻。
A swing allows one to enter and swing over to the other side until gravity deports them back to their own country. 这个秋千让人进去,荡到另一边, 直到重力将他遣返原居国。
deports:v.行动;输送;把…驱逐出境;(deports是deport的第三人称单数)
The border and the border wall is thought of as a sort of political theater today, so perhaps we should invite audiences to that theater, to a binational theater where people can come together with performers, musicians. 现在的边界和边界墙 被当作政治剧场看待, 也许我们应该邀请观众到那个剧院, 一个两国剧院,人们可以 和表演者、音乐家聚在一起。
Maybe the wall is nothing more than an enormous instrument , the world's largest xylophone , and we could play down this wall with weapons of mass percussion . 也许这墙不过是一个巨大的乐器, 世界上最大的木琴,而我们 可以用大规模打击性乐器 来打下这堵墙。
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械; xylophone:n.木琴; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; percussion:n.[临床]叩诊;振动;碰撞;敲打乐器;打击乐器组;
(Laughter) （笑声）
When I envisioned this binational library, 当我构想这座两国图书馆,
envisioned:v.展望;想象;(envision的过去分词和过去式)
I wanted to imagine a space where one could share books and information and knowledge across a divide, where the wall was nothing more than a bookshelf . 我想像一个人们可以共享 书籍、信息和知识, 跨越鸿沟的地方, 那里面墙只不过是个书架。
bookshelf:n.书架;
And perhaps the best way to illustrate the mutual relationship that we have with Mexico and the United States is by imagining a teeter-totter , where the actions on one side had a direct consequence on what happens on the other side, because you see, the border itself 也许墨西哥和美国间的相互关系 最好的说明方式 是想像一个跷跷板: 一方的行动, 会直接影响到另一方。 因为,你看,边界本身
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; teeter-totter:n.跷跷板; consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论;
is both a symbolic and literal fulcrum for US-Mexico relations, and building walls between neighbors severs those relationships. 是一个美墨关系上的支点, 而在邻居之间建墙 就切断了那些关系。
symbolic:adj.象征的;符号的;使用符号的; literal:adj.文字的;逐字的;无夸张的; fulcrum:n.[机][力]支点;叶附属物; severs:n.塞维;
You probably remember this quote, "Good fences make good neighbors." 你可能还记得这句话: ＂有好围墙,才有好邻居。＂
It's often thought of as the moral of Robert Frost's poem " Mending Wall." 它常被认为是罗伯特·弗罗斯特的 诗《修补墙》的寓意。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; Mending:n.(对衣服的)缝补;v.修理;修补;缝补;解决(争端);(mend的现在分词)
But the poem is really about questioning the need for building walls at all. 但这首诗其实是在 质疑需不需要建墙。
It's really a poem about mending human relationships. 事实上它是一首关于 修补人际关系的诗。
My favorite line is the first one: "Something there is that doesn't love a wall." 我最喜欢第一句: ＂有个东西不爱墙。＂
Because if there's one thing that's clear to me -- there are not two sides defined by a wall. 因为我很清楚—— 不存在被墙界定出的不同两面。
defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确;
This is one landscape, divided. 它不过是被墙割裂的同一景观。
On one side, it might look like this. 在一边,它可能看起来像这样:
A man is mowing his lawn while the wall is looming in his backyard . 一个人在割草,有片墙 紧傍着他的后院。
mowing:v.刈;割;修剪;(mow的现在分词) lawn:n.草地;草坪; looming:v.人惊恐地隐现;显得突出;逼近(loom的现在分词) backyard:n.后院;后庭;
And on the other side, it might look like this. 在另一边,它可能 看起来像这样:
The wall is the fourth wall of someone's house. 那片墙是某人房子 四面墙壁中的一面。
But the reality is that the wall is cutting through people's lives. 但现实情况是墙正在 切割人们的生活。
It is cutting through our private property, our public lands, our Native American lands, our cities, a university, our neighborhoods. 它切过我们的私人财产、 我们的公共土地、 我们美洲原住民的土地、 我们的城市、 一所大学、 我们的社区。
Native American:n.美洲土著居民;
And I couldn't help but wonder what it would be like if the wall cut through a house. 我很想知道 墙穿过房子是什怎样的情景？
Remember those disparities between wealth and poverty? 还记得那些贫富的差距吗？
On the right is the average size of a house in El Paso, Texas, and on the left is the average size of a house in Juarez. 右边是美国德州 埃尔帕索的房子平均大小, 而左边是墨西哥 华雷斯的房子平均尺寸。
And here, the wall cuts directly through the kitchen table. 在这里,墙壁直接切过厨房的桌子。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
And here, the wall cuts through the bed in the bedroom. 在这里,墙壁穿过卧室里的床。
Because I wanted to communicate how the wall is not only dividing places, it's dividing people, it's dividing families. 因为我想要传达的是: 墙不仅仅分隔了地域, 它也分隔了人,分隔了家庭。
And the unfortunate politics of the wall is today, it is dividing children from their parents. 今日不幸的边界墙政治 让小孩与父母分离。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
You might be familiar with this well-known traffic sign. 你可能熟悉这个有名的交通标志。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; well-known:adj.著名的;众所周知的;清楚明白的;
It was designed by graphic designer John Hood, a Native American war veteran working for the California Department of Transportation . 由平面设计师约翰·胡德设计, 他是美洲原住民、退伍军人, 在加州交通运输部工作。
graphic:adj.形象的;图表的;绘画似的; veteran:n.老兵; adj.(尤指军事方面)老练的; Transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放;
And he was tasked with creating a sign to warn motorists of immigrants who were stranded alongside the highway and who might attempt to run across the road. 他被指派设计一个 标志,用以提醒驾驶人 在高速公路边的移民者 可能冒险横越马路。
motorists:n.驾车者;开汽车的人;(motorist的复数) immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数); stranded:adj.搁浅的; v.搁浅; (strand的过去式和过去分词); attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; run across:偶然遇到;跑着穿过;
Hood related the plight of the immigrant today to that of the Navajo during the Long Walk. 今天的移民的困境, 让胡德联想到 纳瓦霍印第安人 被迫迁徙的血泪史。
plight:n.困境;境况;誓约;vt.保证;约定; Navajo:n.纳瓦霍人(美国最大的印第安部落);
And this is really a brilliant piece of design activism . 这真是一件行动主义 的设计精彩作品。
activism:n.行动主义;激进主义;
And he was very careful in thinking about using a little girl with pigtails , for example, because he thought that's who motorists might empathize with the most, 他非常细心地思考, 例如采用扎马尾辫的小女孩, 因为那可能更容易 让驾驶人产生同情;
pigtails:n.辫子;(pigtail的复数) empathize:vt.移情;神会;
and he used the silhouette of the civil rights leader Cesar Chavez to create the head of the father. 他也采用了民权领袖 西萨·查维斯的剪影 作为那个父亲的头像。
silhouette:n.轮廓,剪影;v.使…照出影子来;使…仅仅显出轮廓; civil rights:na.公民权; Cesar:n.恺撒,古罗马帝王; Chavez:n.查韦斯(委内瑞拉总统);
I wanted to build upon the brilliance of this sign to call attention to the problem of child separation at the border, and I made one very simple move. 我想继续延伸这个标志的光彩, 来唤起大家注意在边境 儿童与父母被分离这个问题。 我做了一个非常简单的改动,
brilliance:n.光辉;才华;宏伟; separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离;
I turned the families to face each other. 让这家人面对面。
And in the last few weeks, 过去几周里,
I've had the opportunity to bring that sign back to the highway to tell a story, the story of the relationships that we should be mending and a reminder that we should be designing a reunited states and not a divided states. 我把那个标志带回高速公路 去讲故事, 讲我们应该修补关系的故事, 并提醒大家我们应该去设计 一个团结的国家, 而不是分裂的国家。
reunited:v.重聚;使再结合(reunite的过去式和过去分词);
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）