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RonGutman_2011U-_微笑背后隐藏的力量_
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| When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero. |
小时候,我一直梦想成为一个超级英雄 |
| I wanted to save the world and then make everyone happy. |
我想要拯救世界并让所有人快乐 |
| But I knew that I'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true. |
但我知道我需要拥有超能力 来实现梦想 |
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superpowers:n.超级大国;超能力;超级强权;(superpower的复数形式)
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| So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton , which was a lot of fun, but didn't get much result. |
于是我经常幻想 在银河间寻找超人的故乡氪星 这可有意思了 只不过一直没有找到 |
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embark:vi.从事,着手;上船或飞机;vt.使从事;使上船; imaginary:adj.虚构的,假想的;想像的;虚数的; intergalactic:adj.星系间的;银河间的; Krypton:n.[化学]氪(元素符号为Kr);
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| When I grew up, and realized that science-fiction was not a good source for superpowers, |
长大以后,我才明白 科幻小说并不是超能力的源头 |
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source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
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| I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science, to find a more useful truth. |
我于是决定踏上真正的科学旅程 寻找更有意义的真相 |
| I started my journey in California with a UC Berkley 30-year longitudinal study that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life. |
加利福尼亚州是我旅程的起点 我学习了加州大学伯克利分校一项长达30年的研究 这项研究对一本旧年册上学生的照片 进行了分析 试图对他们毕生的成功与幸福 进行测量 |
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longitudinal:adj.长度的,纵向的;经线的; yearbook:n.年鉴;年刊;(每年出版的)校刊;学校年刊; well-being:n.幸福;康乐; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
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| By measuring their student smiles, researchers were able to predict how fulfilling and long-lasting a subject's marriage will be, how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being and how inspiring she would be to others. |
通过衡量学生的微笑 研究者们得以预测 一个研究对象的婚姻 持续时间与美满程度 她在幸福感标准考试中 能够得多少分 以及她能给其他人带来多少启发 |
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predict:v.预报;预言;预告; fulfilling:adj.让人感觉有意义的; v.实现; (fulfill的现在分词) long-lasting:adj.持续时间长的; standardized:adj.标准的; v.使合乎标准; inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词)
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| In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture. |
在另一本年册, 我翻到了巴里.·奥巴马的照片 |
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stumbled:v.绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走;蹒跚而行;(stumble的过去分词和过去式)
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| When I first saw his picture, |
第一眼看到这张照片时 |
| I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar . |
我以为他的超能力是来自于他超大的领子 |
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collar:n.衣领;领子;箍;(动物,尤指狗的)颈圈;v.抓住;捉住;揪住;逮住;
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| But now I know it was all in his smile. |
但是现在我知道其实是来自他的微笑 |
| Another aha! moment came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players. |
另一项令人顿悟的研究 是由2010年韦恩州立大学进行的 这个项目研究了二十世纪五十年代前 美国职业棒球联盟球员卡 |
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State University:n.(美国)州立大学; Major League:adj.第一流的;职业体育总会的;
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| The researchers found that the span of a players smile could actually predict the span of his life. |
这些研究者发现 一个球员笑脸的绽放程度 能够预测其寿命的长短 |
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span:n.持续时间; v.持续;
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| Players who didn't smile in their pictures lived an average of only 72.9 years, where players with beaming smiles lived an average of almost 80 years. |
没有在照片上露出微笑的球员 平均寿命只有72.9岁 而那些微笑的球员 平均寿命将近80岁 |
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beaming:v.发射(电波);笑容满面;播送;射出光(或热);(beam的现在分词)
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| (Laughter) |
（众人笑） |
| The good news is that we're actually born smiling. |
好消息是,我们天生就会微笑 |
| Using 3D ultrasound technology , we can now see that developing babies appear to smile, even in the womb . |
通过三维超声波技术 我们可以看到,即使在子宫中,正在成形的胎儿 似乎也是面带微笑的 |
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ultrasound:n.超声;超音波; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; womb:n.[解剖]子宫;发源地;vt.容纳;
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| When they're born, babies continue to smile -- initially , mostly in their sleep. |
出生之后 他们还是带着微笑－－ 他们大多在睡梦中微笑 |
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initially:adv.最初,首先;开头;
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| And even blind babies smile to the sound of the human voice. |
失明的婴儿 听到人声时也会微笑 |
| Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically-uniform expressions of all humans. |
微笑是全人类生理上最统一、 最基本的表情 |
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expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数)
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| In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea , |
在巴布亚新几内亚进行的一些研究中 |
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conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式) Papua:n.巴布亚岛(新几内亚岛NewGuinea的旧名); Guinea:n.几内亚;基尼(英国旧时金币名);
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| Paul Ekman, the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions, found that even members of the Fore tribe , who were completely disconnected from Western culture, |
保罗. 艾克曼 世界上最知名的面部表情研究者 发现原始部落Fore的成员 虽然与西方文化相隔绝 |
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renowned:adj.著名的;闻名的;有名的;受尊敬的 facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; Fore:adj.以前的; n.前部; v.在前面; prep.在前; tribe:n.部落;族;宗族;一伙; disconnected:adj.分离的; v.切断(煤气、水或电的供应); (disconnect的过去式和过去分词)
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| and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals, attributed smiles to descriptions of situations the same way you and I would. |
并以其食人肉的宗教习性著称 但他们也像我们一样 在不同场合下会露出微笑 |
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cannibalism:n.食人;嗜食同类;残忍的行为; attributed:v.归于(attribute的过去式,过去分词);属性化; descriptions:n.摘要;说明,说明书;描述(description的复数形式);
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| So from Papau New Guinea to Hollywood all the way to modern art in Beijing, we smile often, and you smile to express joy and satisfaction . |
从巴布亚新几内亚 到好莱坞 再到北京的现代艺术 我们经常微笑 以微笑来表达 喜悦美满之情 |
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satisfaction:n.满意,满足;赔偿;乐事;赎罪;
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| How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day? |
在座的各位 有多少人每天微笑超过20次？ |
| Raise your hand if you do. Oh, wow. |
超过的请举手。哇 |
| Outside of this room, more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day, whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five. |
在全世界 每天有超过三分之一的人每天微笑超过20次 而每天微笑不足五次的人 占人口的14% |
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whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之;
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| In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children who smile as many as 400 times per day. |
实际上,拥有最多超能力的 要数儿童 他们每天微笑约为400次 |
| Have you ever wondered why being around children who smile so frequently makes you smile very often? |
你有没有想过 为什么与经常微笑的孩子们相处久了 你也变得爱笑了？ |
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frequently:adv.频繁地,经常地;时常,屡次;
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| A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden found that it's very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles. |
瑞典乌普萨拉大学近期的一项研究 发现当人在微笑时 很难同时皱起眉头 |
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frown:n.皱眉;蹙眉头;v.皱眉;
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| You ask, why? |
你可能会问为什么 |
| Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious , and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles . |
这是因为微笑的感染力极强 它主导了 我们对面部肌肉的控制 |
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evolutionarily:进化上; contagious:adj.感染性的;会蔓延的; suppresses:抑制;封锁;压制; muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数);
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| Mimicking a smile and experiencing it physically help us understand whether our smile is fake or real, so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler . |
对微笑进行模拟 和物理测试 能够让我们分辨微笑是真是假 进而了解 微笑者的情绪 |
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Mimicking:v.模仿人的言行举止;做滑稽模仿;像,似;(mimic的现在分词) fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; smiler:n.微笑者;
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| In a recent mimicking study at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France, subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake while holding a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles. |
法国克莱蒙费朗大学 近期的一项模拟研究 要求研究对象 通过微笑肌肉 把一支铅笔含在嘴上 以此判断微笑的真假 |
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determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; repress:v.抑制;镇压(叛乱等);约束;
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| Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges, |
在不含铅笔的情况下,研究对象都能够轻松做出判断 |
| But with the pencil in their mouth, when they could not mimic the smile they saw, their judgment was impaired . |
担当他们含着铅笔时 他们无法模仿眼前的微笑 也就无法正确判断 |
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judgment:n.判断;裁判;判决书;辨别力; impaired:adj.受损的;v.损害(impair的过去式和过去分词);
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species ", |
除了在《物种起源》中提出进化论 |
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In addition to:除…之外; theorizing:v.从理论上说明;形成理论;理论化;(theorize的现在分词) Origin:n.起源;起因;源头;出身; Species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
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| Charles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory. |
查尔斯. 达尔文 还提出了面部反馈理论 |
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feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; response:n.响应;反应;回答;
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| His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better -- rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good. |
这里理论提到 微笑这一行为 实际上能让我们的心情变得更好－－ 而不仅仅是 心情好的产物 |
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merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是;
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| In his study, |
在他的研究中 |
| Darwin actually cited a French neurologist , Guillaume Duchenne, who used electric jolts to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles. |
达尔文援引了法国神经学家Guillaume Duchenne的研究 他通过给面部肌肉做电颤刺激 来产生微笑 |
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cited:v.提及(原因);举出(示例);列举;引用;传讯;(cite的过去分词和过去式) neurologist:神经学家;神经科专门医师; electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; jolts:n.颠簸; v.使震动; induce:v.导致;引起;诱使;劝说; stimulate:v.刺激;激发;促进;激励;
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| Please, don't try this at home. |
请不要在家里模仿 |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| In a related German study, researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles. |
德国一项相关研究中 研究者们通过功能核磁共振成像 测量在微笑肌肉注射了肉毒杆菌前后 对大脑活动 进行测量 |
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imaging:n.[物]成像;造像;v.反映;想像;作…的像;象征;(image的现在分词形式) injecting:v.(给…)注射(药物等);(给…)添加,增加(某品质);(inject的现在分词) Botox:n.肉毒杆菌;肉毒杆菌毒素;肉毒杆菌毒素制剂;波托克斯;
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| The finding supported Darwin's theory by showing that facial feedback modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain in a way that helps us feel better when we smile. |
这个发现应证了达尔文的理论 表明面部反馈 控制了神经 对大脑中情绪信息的处理 这就让我们在微笑时心情变得更好 |
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modifies:vt.修改,修饰;更改;vi.修改; neural:adj.神经的;神经系统的;背的;神经中枢的; processing:v.加工;处理;审核;数据处理;v.列队行进;缓缓前进;(process的现在分词) content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
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| Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism in a way that even chocolate -- a well-regarded pleasure inducer -- cannot match. |
微笑启动了我们大脑的奖励机制 就像巧克力－－ 这种公认的开心秘方－－ 都不可比拟的 |
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stimulates:vt.刺激;鼓舞,激励;vi.起刺激作用;起促进作用; reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧; inducer:n.[遗]诱导物;引诱者;导流片;电感器;
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| British researchers found that one smile can generate the same level of brain stimulation as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate. |
英国的研究人员发现 一个微笑能够带来 相当于2000块巧克力产生的脑部刺激 |
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generate:v.产生;引起; stimulation:n.刺激;激励,鼓舞;
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| (Laughter) |
(笑声) |
| Wait. The same study found that smiling is as stimulating as receiving up to 16,000 pounds Sterling in cash. |
不仅如此,这项研究还发现 微笑带来的刺激 还相当于16000英镑现金产生的刺激 |
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stimulating:adj.激励人的; v.促进; (stimulate的现在分词)
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| That's like 25 grand a smile. |
每笑一次就相当于得到了25万美元 |
| It's not bad. |
太值了 |
| And think about it this way: 25,000 times 400 -- quite a few kids out there feel like mark Zuckerberg every day. |
我们这样想: 25000乘以400－－ 那么世上该有多少孩子 每天感觉自己是马克. 扎克伯格（Facebook创始人）啊！ |
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quite a few:不少,相当多;
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| And, unlike lots of chocolate, lots of smiling can actually make you healthier. |
而与巧克力不同 经常微笑能够让你变得更健康 |
| Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones like cortisol , adrenaline and dopamine , increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphin and reduce overall blood pressure . |
微笑能够帮助降低 皮质醇,肾上腺素和多巴胺等 增压激素的水平 提高内啡肽等 改善心情的激素水平 并降低整体血压 |
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hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数); cortisol:n.[生化]皮质醇;考的索;[药]氢化可的松; adrenaline:n.[生化]肾上腺素; dopamine:n.[生化]多巴胺(一种治脑神经病的药物); endorphin:n.脑内啡; overall:v.全部; n.外套; adj.全面的; blood pressure:n.[医]血压;
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| And if that's not enough, smiling can actually look good in the eyes of others. |
如果这还不够 微笑还能够让我们 在其他人眼里更好看 |
| A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous , but you actually appear to be more competent . |
宾州州立大学近期一项研究 发现微笑 不仅能让你更好看,更礼貌 还能让你看起来更能干 |
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likable:adj.可爱的; courteous:adj.有礼貌的;谦恭的; competent:adj.胜任的;有能力的;能干的;足够的;
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| So whenever you want to look great and competent, reduce your stress or improve your marriage, or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate -- without incurring the caloric cost -- or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages, or whenever you want to tap into a superpower that will help you and everyone around you live a longer, healthier, happier life, smile. |
如果你希望自己看起来更棒更有能力 减轻压力 或改善你的婚姻 或者感受吃了一大推巧克力后的快感－－ 而不用担心热量过多－－ 或体会你在多年未穿过的外套口袋里 摸出了25万元时的狂喜 还有你想要得到一些超能力的时候 微笑能够帮助你以及身边所有人 活得更长,更健康,更幸福 笑一个吧 |
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improve:v.改进;改善; stack:n.堆栈;一摞;大量;许多;v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞,一堆); high-quality:adj.高质量的; incurring:n.招致(遭受); caloric:adj.热量的;卡的;n.热量;
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| (Applause) |
（掌声） |