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RodrigoBijou_2015G-_政府无法理解网络战争。我们需要电脑黑客_
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| In 2008, Burhan Hassan, age 17, boarded a flight from Minneapolis to the Horn of Africa. |
2008年,一个17岁名叫伯翰 哈赛的孩子 搭乘上了一架从明尼阿波利斯 到非洲之角的飞机 |
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Minneapolis:n.明尼阿波里斯市(美国一座城市); Horn:n.喇叭,号角;角;v.装角于;
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| And while Burhan was the youngest recruit , he was not alone. |
虽然伯翰是新兵中最年轻的 但他并不孤独 |
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recruit:n.新兵; v.吸收(新成员); (通过招募)组成;
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| Al-Shabaab managed to recruit over two dozen young men in their late teens and early 20s with a heavy presence on social media platforms like Facebook. |
“青年党”要招募大概二十多个年轻人 这些年轻人在他们的青少年晚期和20岁早期 他们在像脸书这样的社交媒体平台上频频露脸 |
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teens:n.十多岁,十几岁;青少年; presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; platforms:n.平台; v.把…放在台上;
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| With the Internet and other technologies , they've changed our everyday lives, but they've also changed recruitment , radicalization and the front lines of conflict today. |
有了网络和其他的科技 他们改变了我们每天的生活 但是他们也改变了招募新兵,激进化的活动 以及当今战争冲突的前线 |
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technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); recruitment:n.补充;征募新兵; radicalization:n.激进,激进化; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
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| What about the links connecting Twitter, |
那么关于连接维特 |
| Google and protesters fighting for democracy ? |
谷歌和那些民主斗士之间的联系 |
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Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; protesters:n.(公开)抗议者,反对者;(protester的复数) democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
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| These numbers represent Google's public DNS servers, effectively the only digital border crossing protesters had and could use to communicate with each other, to reach the outside world and to spread viral awareness of what was happening in their own country. |
这些数字代表谷歌的公共DNS服务器 这是唯一有效的数字边境 抗议者们所拥有的以及可以使用的 来互相沟通来与外面的世界连接 以及对他们国内发生的事情 进行快速意识的传播 |
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represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; viral:adj.滤过性毒菌引起的;滤过性毒菌的; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道;
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| Today, conflict is essentially borderless . |
现在,冲突实际上是没有边境的 |
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essentially:adv.本质上;本来; borderless:adj.无边界的;没有边际;
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| If there are bounds to conflict today, they're bound by digital, not physical geography . |
如果今天还有冲突的边境 那也是以数字为边界而不是以自然地理的边界 |
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bound:n.跳跃:v.跳跃着跑:形成…的边界(或界限)adj.一定会:很可能会: physical geography:自然地理学;
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| And under all this is a vacuum of power where non-state actors, individuals and private organizations have the advantage over slow, outdated military and intelligence agencies . |
而且在那所有之下的是权力的真空地带 在那里非国家组织,个人和私人组织 比迟钝的,过时的军事情报机构有优势 |
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vacuum:n.真空; adj.真空的; v.用真空吸尘器清扫; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点: outdated:adj.过时的;旧式的;v.使过时(outdate的过去式和过去分词); military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; agencies:n.代理;代理处(agency的复数);
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| And this is because, in the digital age of conflict, there exists a feedback loop where new technologies, platforms like the ones I mentioned, and more disruptive ones, |
这是因为在数字化冲突的时代 存在着一种反馈回路 在这种回路中新的技术像我刚才提到的平台 以及那些更具破坏性的平台 |
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feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; loop:n.循环;回路;环路;圈;v.使成环;使绕成圈;成环形移动; disruptive:adj.破坏的;分裂性的;制造混乱的;
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| can be adapted , learned, and deployed by individuals and organizations faster than governments can react . |
可以很好地被个人和组织适应,学习和运用 比政府的反应还要快 |
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adapted:adj.适于…的; v.使适应,使适合; (adapt的过去分词和过去式) deployed:v.部署(deploy的过去式);展开; react:v.起反应;回应;(对食物等)有不良反应,过敏;起化学反应;
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| To understand the pace of our own government thinking on this, |
为了了解我们政府对这个问题考虑的情况 |
| I like to turn to something aptly named the Worldwide Threat Assessment , where every year the Director of National Intelligence in the US looks at the global threat landscape , |
我想要给大家介绍一个恰当命名的 全球威胁评估 在那里每年美国国家情报局局长 观察全球范围内的威胁局面 |
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aptly:adv.适宜地;适当地; Worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; Assessment:n.评定;估价; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
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| and he says, "These are the threats, these are the details, and this is how we rank them." |
然后他说,“这些是威胁这些是细节 这是我们如何把危险分级的” |
| In 2007, there was absolutely no mention of cyber security. |
在2007年,绝对没有人提到网络安全问题 |
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absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; cyber:adj.网络的,计算机的;
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| It took until 2011, when it came at the end, where other things, like West African drug trafficking, took precedence . |
这种情况一直持续到2011年网络安全终于开始被重视 但当时在网络上, 其它事情比如西非的毒品交易,占据优势 |
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precedence:n.优先;居先;
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| In 2012, it crept up, still behind things like terrorism and proliferation . |
2012年,网络安全讨论开始升温但仍然落后于恐怖主义和核扩散问题 |
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crept:v.匍匐爬行(creep的过去式); terrorism:n.恐怖主义; proliferation:n.增殖,扩散;分芽繁殖;
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| In 2013, it became the top threat, in 2014 and for the foreseeable future. |
在2013年,这成为了最大的威胁 在2014年以及接下来可以预见的未来 |
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foreseeable:adj.可预知的;能预测的;
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| What things like that show us is that there is a fundamental inability today on the part of governments to adapt and learn in digital conflict, where conflict can be immaterial , borderless, often wholly untraceable . |
这样的事情告诉我们 今天在政府方面去适应和学习数字化冲突 存在着一个很基本的无能 在那里冲突可以是无形的无边界的,经常完全难以捉摸 |
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fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; inability:n.无能力;无才能; on the part of:就...而言;由...所作出的;在...一边;由...所表现出的; immaterial:adj.非物质的;无形的;不重要的;非实质的; wholly:adv.完全地;全部;统统; untraceable:adj.难以描绘的;难以捉摸的;难以发现的;
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| And conflict isn't just online to offline , as we see with terrorist radicalization, but it goes the other way as well. |
而且冲突不仅仅是从线上到线下就像我们看到的恐怖主义激进化活动 它也可以是从线下到线上的 |
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offline:n.脱机;挂线;adj.脱机的;离线的,未连线的;adv.未连线地;
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| We all know the horrible events that unfolded in Paris this year with the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attacks. |
大家都知道今年在巴黎发生的那些恐怖事件 查理周刊遭到恐怖袭击 |
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horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, unfolded:v.(使)展开;打开;展示;透露;(unfold的过去分词和过去式)
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| What an individual hacker or a small group of anonymous individuals did was enter those social media conversations that so many of us took part in. |
个人黑客或者匿名者小团体所做的 是进入到那些我们很多人都会参与的社交媒体对话里 |
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hacker:n.电脑黑客,企图不法侵入他人电脑系统的人; anonymous:adj.匿名的,无名的;无个性特征的;
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| #JeSuisCharlie. |
#我是查理这个话题 |
| On Facebook, on Twitter, on Google, all sorts of places where millions of people, myself included, were talking about the events and saw images like this, the emotional , poignant image of a baby with "Je suis Charlie" on its wrist . |
在脸书,推特,谷歌上 在各种平台上数百万的人们,也包括我自己 都在谈论这次事件 然后看到了这样的照片 在这张令人百感交集的照片上婴儿的手腕上套着“我是查理”的字样 |
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images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; poignant:adj.尖锐的;辛酸的;深刻的;切中要害的; wrist:n.手腕;腕关节;v.用腕力移动[送出,抛掷等];
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| And this turned into a weapon. |
这变成了一件武器 |
| What the hackers did was weaponize this image, where unsuspecting victims, like all of us in those conversations, saw this image, downloaded it but it was embedded with malware . |
黑客们所做的是把这张照片武装了起来 那些毫无戒心的受害者 就像在这个话题中的我们所有人 看到了这张图片,下载下来 但这张图片是被植入了恶意程序的 |
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hackers:n.黑客,骇客;电脑黑客(hacker的复数); weaponize:vt.使…武器化; unsuspecting:adj.不怀疑的;未猜想到…的; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); malware:n.恶意软件;
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| And so when you downloaded this image, it hacked your system. |
当你下载了这张图片的时候 你的系统就被黑客攻击了 |
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hacked:v.砍;劈;猛踢;非法侵入(hack的过去分词和过去式)
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| It took six days to deploy a global malware campaign. |
部署全球黑客活动花了6天的时间 |
| The divide between physical and digital domains today ceases to exist, where we have offline attacks like those in Paris appropriated for online hacks . |
今天地理领域和数字领域的区别 已经不复存在了 在那里我们遭到了线下的袭击就像那些在巴黎的人们 这样的袭击演变成了线上的黑客攻击 |
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domains:n.域,域名;领域;网域(domain的复数形式); ceases:n.停止(cease的复数形式);v.停止(cease的第三人称单数);终了; appropriated:v.挪用;拨款;把…据为己有;顺手牵羊(appropriate的过去式); hacks:出租汽车;老马(hack的复数);
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| And it goes the other way as well, with recruitment. |
从线上到线下也同样如此比如那个招募新兵活动 |
| We see online radicalization of teens, who can then be deployed globally for offline terrorist attacks. |
我们在网上看到激进化的青年人 这些青年人会被全球部署在线下进行恐怖袭击活动 |
| With all of this, we see that there's a new 21st century battle brewing , and governments don't necessarily take a part. |
综合所有这些,我们可以看到21世纪新的战斗已经打响 而政府不见得会介入进来 |
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brewing:n.酿造(啤酒); v.酿制(啤酒); (brew的现在分词) necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
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| So in another case, Anonymous vs. Los Zetas . |
举另一个例子匿名者 VS 洛斯哲塔斯 |
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Zetas:n.希腊语第六个字母;
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| In early September 2011 in Mexico, |
2011年九月初,在墨西哥 |
| Los Zetas, one of the most powerful drug cartels , hung two bloggers with a sign that said, "This is what will happen to all Internet busybodies ." |
“洛斯哲塔斯”是最有势力的贩毒集团之一 对两个写博客的人处以了绞刑并展示着标语: “所有在网络上爱管闲事的人都会遭到这样的下场” |
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cartels:n.卡特尔;联合企业(cartel的复数); bloggers:n.写博客的人;博客使用者; busybodies:n.好事的人;爱管闲事的人;
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| A week later, they beheaded a young girl. |
一周后,他们把一个年轻女孩斩首了 |
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beheaded:v.将(某人)斩首(尤指刑罚);(behead的过去分词和过去式)
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| They severed her head, put it on top of her computer with a similar note. |
他们割下了她的头放在了她的电脑上面 也写了同样的标语 |
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severed:v.切开;割断;切下;割下;(sever的过去分词和过去式)
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| And taking the digital counteroffensive because governments couldn't even understand what was going on or act, |
他们还进行了数字化的反攻 因为政府甚至都不知道发生了什么或者该怎么做 |
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counteroffensive:n.反攻;反击;
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| Anonymous, a group we might not associate as the most positive force in the world, took action, not in cyber attacks, but threatening information to be free. |
“匿名者”,一个我们可能不会和这个世界上最正义力量联系在一起的团体 开始行动了 他们不是进行网络攻击而是威胁公开信息 |
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associate:v.联合:联想:交往:adj.非正式的:副的:联合的:n.伙伴:同事: positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
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| On social media, they said, "We will release information that ties prosecutors and governors to corrupt drug deals with the cartel." |
在社交媒体上,他们说 “我们会释放信息 这些信息关系到检察官和政府公务人员和贩毒集团进行贪腐的毒品交易” |
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release:v.释放;发射;让与;允许发表;n.释放;发布;让与; prosecutors:n.检查官;告发者(prosecutor的复数); corrupt:v.损坏;破坏;使腐化;使堕落;adj.贪污的;受贿的;腐败的;营私舞弊的;
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| And escalating that conflict, |
事态冲突升级了 |
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escalating:v.(使)逐步扩大,不断恶化,加剧;(escalate的现在分词)
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| Los Zetas said, "We will kill 10 people for every bit of information you release." |
洛斯哲塔斯说,“你们每发一条信息我们就杀10个人” |
| And so it ended there because it would become too gruesome to continue. |
所以这此事件也随之结束了因为如果再继续下去太可怕了 |
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gruesome:adj.可怕的;阴森的;
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| But what was powerful about this was that anonymous individuals, not federal policia , not military, not politicians , could strike fear deep into the heart of one of the most powerful, violent organizations in the world. |
但在这件事情中不可忽视的 是那些匿名者 他们并不是联邦警察不是军人,也不是政客 却可以沉重地打击到 这个世界上最有势力的最暴力组织之一的内心深处 |
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federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; policia:警察; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数) violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的;
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| And so we live in an era that lacks the clarity of the past in conflict, in who we're fighting, in the motivations behind attacks, in the tools and techniques used, and how quickly they evolve . |
那么我们生活在这样一个 缺乏对过去的冲突有明晰认知的时代 我们不了解我们在与谁斗争不了解袭击背后的动机 不了解他们使用的武器和技术 以及他们发展得有多快 |
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clarity:n.清楚,明晰;透明; motivations:n.动机(motivation的复数);表明动机; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数) evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;
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| And the question still remains: what can individuals, organizations and governments do? |
而且问题仍然存在 个人,组织和政府能做些什么呢 |
| For answers to these questions, it starts with individuals, and I think peer-to-peer security is the answer. |
对于这些问题的答案从个人方面开始 我认为对等网络安全性是这些问题的答案 |
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peer-to-peer:n.对等;对等网络;
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| Those people in relationships that bought over teens online, we can do that with peer-to-peer security. |
对于那些在线上收买年轻激进分子的人来说 我们可以运用对等网络安全 |
| Individuals have more power than ever before to affect national and international security. |
个人现在在影响国家和国际安全方面 和以前相比更有影响力 |
| And we can create those positive peer-to-peer relationships on and offline, we can support and educate the next generation of hackers, like myself, instead of saying, "You can either be a criminal or join the NSA." |
我们可以创造积极的对等关系 在线上和线下 我们可以支持和培养下一代的黑客,比如我 而不是说,“你要不就加入国家安全局要不就是个罪犯” |
| That matters today. |
这在今天是很关键的 |
| And it's not just individuals -- it's organizations, corporations even. |
而且这也不仅仅在个人方面--是组织,甚至是企业 |
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corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式);
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| They have an advantage to act across more borders, more effectively and more rapidly than governments can, and there's a set of real incentives there. |
因为他们在跨越界限方面很有优势 他们比政府的行动更加快速和有效 并且这里有一系列真实的动机 |
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incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施;
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| It's profitable and valuable to be seen as trustworthy in the digital age, and will only be more so in future generations to come. |
在数字化时代 能被人觉得值得信赖是很值的 并且在未来的后代也只会越来越值 |
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profitable:adj.有利可图的;赚钱的;有益的; valuable:adj.有价值的;贵重的;可估价的;n.贵重物品; trustworthy:adj.可靠的;可信赖的;
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| But we still can't ignore government, because that's who we turn to for collective action to keep us safe and secure. |
但我们仍然不能忽视政府作用 因为政府是我们指望采取集体行动 来保卫我们安全的人 |
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ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
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| But we see where that's gotten us so far, where there's an inability to adapt and learn in digital conflict, where at the highest levels of leadership, the Director of the CIA, Secretary of Defense, they say, "Cyber Pearl Harbor will happen." "Cyber 9/11 is imminent ." |
但我们看到的是到目前为止 政府在适应和学习数字化冲突方面是毫无能力的 那些最高层领导人 比如中情局局长和国防部长 他们说,“网络珍珠港事件会发生”“网络911事件也即将来临” |
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Pearl:n.珍珠; v.使成小圆粒; adj.珍珠(制)的; Harbor:n.港口;港湾;(比喻)避难所;[军]坦克掩蔽场;v.停泊;包含;隐匿;怀抱(恶意); imminent:adj.即将来临的;迫近的;
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| But this only makes us more fearful , not more secure. |
但这样的言论只会使我们更加恐惧,而不是感到更安全 |
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fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的;
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| By banning encryption in favor of mass surveillance and mass hacking , sure, GCHQ and the NSA can spy on you. |
当然了,通过禁止加密来达到大量监视和大量黑客 英国政府通讯总部和美国国家安全局可以监视你 |
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banning:n.禁止;禁令;v.禁止;取缔;限制(ban的ing形式);adj.禁止的; encryption:n.加密;加密术; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; surveillance:n.监督;监视; hacking:v.黑客行为;砍;劈;猛踢;(hack的现在分词)
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| But that doesn't mean that they're the only ones that can. |
但这不意味着他们是唯一可以做到这一点的人 |
| Capabilities are cheap, even free. |
获得这样的能力很便宜,甚至免费 |
| Technical ability is rising around the world, and individuals and small groups have the advantage. |
全世界的技术能力在增强 个人和小团体有优势 |
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Technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
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| So today it might just be the NSA and GCHQ, but who's to say that the Chinese can't find that backdoor ? |
所以,今天或许只有美国国家安全局和英国政府通讯总部监视你 但谁能保证中国人不会找到系统的后门呢 |
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backdoor:adj.秘密的;n.后门;
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| Or in another generation, some kid in his basement in Estonia? |
或者是在下一代某个爱沙尼亚少年在他的地下室 |
| And so I would say that it's not what governments can do, it's that they can't. |
所以,我认为这不是关于政府能够做什么 是关于他们不能做什么 |
| Governments today need to give up power and control in order to help make us more secure. |
现今的政府需要放弃权力和控制力 来让我们更加安全 |
| Giving up mass surveillance and hacking and instead fixing those backdoors means that, yeah, they can't spy on us, but neither can the Chinese or that hacker in Estonia a generation from now. |
放弃大范围的监控和黑客行为修补系统的后门和漏洞 这意味着是的,政府不能监视我们 但是中国人也不能 或是那个爱沙尼亚的下一代年轻人 |
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backdoors:adj.后门的,不正当的;
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| And government support for technologies like Tor and Bitcoin mean giving up control, but it means that developers , translators, anybody with an Internet connection, |
并且,政府支持Tor浏览器和比特币等技术 意味着他们正在放松控制权 但这也意味着开发者,翻译者以及任何拥有网路连接的人 |
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Bitcoin:比特币(电子货币的一种形式,是专为互联网交易而创造的货币); developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数);
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| in countries like Cuba, Iran and China, can sell their skills, their products, in the global marketplace , but more importantly sell their ideas, show us what's happening in their own countries. |
在一些像是古巴,伊朗和中国这样的国家能销售他们的技能,他们的产品 在全球市场中 但是更重要的是兜售他们的想法 向我们展示在他们自己的国家正在发生什么 |
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marketplace:n.市场;集市;
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| And so it should be not fearful, it should be inspiring to the same governments that fought for civil rights , free speech and democracy in the great wars of the last century, that today, for the first time in human history, we have a technical opportunity to make billions of people safer around the world that we've never had before in human history. |
所以这不应该是可怕的 这应该对上个世纪同样的政府 那些为争取公民权利自由言论和民主制度 激烈斗争的政府有所激励 直到今天人类史上的第一次 我们有一个技术机会 能使全球数亿人生活得更安全 在人类历史上这是首次 |
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inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词) civil rights:na.公民权;
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| It should be inspiring. |
这应该非常令人振奋 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |