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RobertThurman_2009P-_培养并拓展你的慈悲心_
I want to open by quoting Einstein's wonderful statement , just so people will feel at ease that the great scientist of the 20th century also agrees with us, and also calls us to this action. 我想以爱因斯坦的精彩的名言开始我的讲话, 只有这样,人们便会更容易接受我的观点,因为连生活在20世纪伟大的科学家 也同意我们的想法,而且还号召我们应该这么做
quoting:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;(quote的现在分词) statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
He said, "A human being is a part of the whole, called by us, universe, a part limited in time and space. 爱因斯坦说:“人是‘宇宙’整体的一部分 即有限的时间和空间的一部分。
limited:adj.有限的; n.高级快车; v.限制; (limit的过去分词和过去式)
He experiences himself, his thoughts and feelings, as something separated from the rest, a kind of optical delusion of his consciousness , that separation . 他将自身以及自己的思想和感受 视为独立于这个整体之外, 但事实上,这种“独立”其实是一种意识的错觉。
optical:adj.光学的;眼睛的,视觉的; delusion:n.迷惑,欺骗;错觉;幻想; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离;
This delusion is a kind of prison for us, restricting us to our personal desires and to affection for a few persons nearest to us. 这错觉对于我们来说就是一种监狱, 把我们监禁在个人欲望和少数最亲近的人的身上
restricting:n.整形,限制;扼流;v.限制(restrict的ing形式); personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of compassion , to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature in its beauty." 我们的任务就是要拓展同情心和慈悲心 拥抱所有的生灵和整个大自然的美丽。”
widening:v.(使)变宽;拓宽;(使)扩展,程度加深,范围扩大;(widen的现在分词) compassion:n.同情;怜悯; embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括; creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
This insight of Einstein's is uncannily close to that of Buddhist psychology , wherein compassion, karuna, it is called, is defined as, "The sensitivity to another's suffering and the corresponding will to free the other from that suffering." 爱因斯坦的这一深刻的思想,居然与佛教心理学中讲到的慈悲心理论惊奇的相似, 这在佛教心理学中叫做卡鲁那, 被定义为“能够以众生的苦化为自己苦 并且让别人从痛苦中解脱出来的能力和意志力。”
insight:n.洞察力;洞悉; uncannily:adv.惊异地;神秘地;不寻常地;危险地; Buddhist:n.佛教徒;adj.佛教的; psychology:n.心理学;心理状态; wherein:adv.在其中;在何处; defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; sensitivity:n.敏感;敏感性;过敏; corresponding:adj.符合的; v.相一致; (correspond的现在分词)
It pairs closely with love. Which is the will for the other to be happy. 慈悲与爱几乎是一对双胞胎。因为慈悲是希望别人过得快乐
Which requires, of course, that one feels some happiness oneself and wishes to share it. 这就要求自己在感受快乐的同时 也希望与别人分享快乐
This is perfect in that it clearly opposes self-centeredness and selfishness to compassion, the concern for others, and, further, it indicates that those caught in the cycle of self-concern, 这种情感是完美的,因为慈悲心和以自我为中心的自私自利恰恰相反 它是注重对别人的关心 这进一步表明了,那些以自我为中心,自私自利的人,
opposes:v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的第三人称单数) self-centeredness:自我中心; selfishness:n.自私自利;自我中心;任性; concern:v.涉及,关系到;使担心;n.关系;关心;关心的事; indicates:v.表明指示,显示;(indicate的第三人称单数)
suffer helplessly , while the compassionate are more free and implicitly more happy. 容易陷入无助的困境,而富有慈悲心的人却往往能够得到更多的自由 和更多真正的快乐
helplessly:adv.无助地;无能为力地; compassionate:adj.慈悲的;富于同情心的;vt.同情;怜悯; implicitly:adv.含蓄地;暗中地;
The Dalai Lama often states that compassion is his best friend. 达赖喇嘛经常说道:“慈悲是他最好的朋友。”
Dalai Lama:n.达赖喇嘛(西藏佛教领袖,从前为西藏统治者);
It helps him when he is overwhelmed with grief and despair . 在他悲伤和绝望的时候,慈悲心使他振作。
overwhelmed:v.受打击,压倒;淹没;(overwhelm的过去分词和过去式) grief:n.悲痛;忧伤;不幸; despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望;
Compassion helps him turn away from the feeling of his suffering as the most absolute, most terrible suffering anyone has ever had and broadens his awareness of the sufferings of others, even of the perpetrators of his misery and the whole mass of beings. 同情让他能够帮助他摆脱掉痛苦的感受 就是在遭受比别人更加悲惨时的苦难时的那种痛苦 而且让他联想和意识到更多人的遭遇 甚至是包括对他作恶的人乃至整个人类的苦难。
broadens:v.扩大,变阔;变宽,加宽; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; perpetrators:n.作恶者;行凶者;犯罪者;(perpetrator的复数) misery:n.痛苦,悲惨;不幸;苦恼;穷困; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
In fact, suffering is so huge and enormous , his own becomes less and less monumental . 事实上,苦难是无极限的, 他自己曾经所经历过的只不过是小小的一部分
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; monumental:adj.不朽的;纪念碑的;非常的;
And he begins to move beyond his self-concern into the broader concern for others. 因此他开始把关注的目光由自己投向他人
And this immediately cheers him up, as his courage is stimulated to rise to the occasion . 这一切想法的转变很快让他振作起来, 因为他的勇气被激励到了顶峰。
stimulated:adj.受激的;v.刺激(stimulate的过去式和过去分词); rise to the occasion:应付自如;
Thus, he uses his own suffering as a doorway to widening his circle of compassion. 因此,他把自己曾经经历的苦难 当成是发展慈悲心的开始,
doorway:n.门口;途径;
He is a very good colleague of Einstein's, we must say. 从这方面来说,他确实很好的传承了爱因斯坦的思想。
colleague:n.同事,同僚;
Now, I want to tell a story, which is a very famous story in the Indian and Buddhist tradition, of the great Saint Asanga who lived -- contemporary of Augustine in the West and was sort of like the Buddhist Augustine. 现在,我想给你们讲一个故事, 这是一个在印度和佛教传统中非常有名的故事。 圣人无著 他是与西方古罗马有名的教父奥古斯丁生活于同时代的伟人 某种意义上讲,他就是佛教界的奥古斯丁
Saint:n.圣人;圣徒;道德崇高的人;adj.神圣的;v.成为圣徒; contemporary:n.同时代的人;同时期的东西;adj.当代的;同时代的;属于同一时期的;
And Asanga lived 800 years after the Buddha 's time. 无著出生在佛教诞生的800多年后
Buddha:n.佛陀;佛像;
And he was discontented with the state of people's practice of the Buddhist religion in India at that time. 当时印度佛教徒对教义的理解和执行状况 让他很不满意
discontented:adj.不满的;不满意的;v.不满意(discontent的过去式及过去分词);
And so he said, "I'm sick of all this. Nobody's really living the doctrine . 因此,他说:“我讨厌这些。没有人真正遵从教义。
doctrine:n.主义;学说;教义;信条;
They're talking about love and compassion and wisdom and enlightenment , but they are acting selfish and pathetic . 他们虽然也会涉及到爱和同情,智慧和启迪, 但他们的行为却是自私和令人生厌的。
wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; enlightenment:n.启迪;启蒙运动;教化; pathetic:adj.可怜的,悲哀的;感伤的;乏味的;
So Buddha's teaching has lost its momentum . 完全没有体现出佛教中的精髓思想。
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力;
I know next Buddha will come a few thousand years from now, but exists currently in a certain heaven, that's Maitreya. 我知道下一个佛祖会在几千年后再次诞生, 但他现在只是存在于某一个天堂,他就是弥勒菩提。
currently:adv.当前;一般地;
So, I'm going to go on a retreat , and I'm going to meditate and pray until the Buddha Maitreya reveals himself to me, and gives me a teaching or something to revive the practice of compassion in the world today." 因此,我将继续进行静修,我要去打坐 和祈祷,直到弥勒菩萨出现在我面前, 从他那里接受教法 从而能让这个世界重生,让每个人富有慈悲心怀。”
retreat:v.撤退;退却;后退;退缩;n.撤退;退却;退缩;退避; meditate:vt.考虑;计划;企图;vi.冥想;沉思; reveals:v.揭示;显示;透露;展示;(reveal的第三人称单数) revive:vi.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;vt.使复兴;使苏醒;回想起;重演,重播;
So he went on this retreat. And he meditated for three years and he did not see the future Buddha Maitreya. 因此他继续专心闭关禅修。他闭关了3年 却依然看不到未来佛祖弥勒菩提的出现。
meditated:vt.考虑;计划;企图;vi.冥想;沉思;
And he left in disgust . 他很灰心,于是离开了闭关房
disgust:n.厌恶;反感;憎恶;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;
And as he was leaving, he saw a man -- a funny little man -- sitting sort of part way down the mountain. 当他准备离开时,他看见一个人-- 那个人身材矮小--他坐在山底下
And he had a lump of iron. 那个人的面前是一根大铁棒
lump:n.肿块;(通常为无定形的)块;隆起;笨重的人;v.把…归并一起(或合起来考虑);
And he was rubbing it with a cloth. 他正拿着一块丝绸在磨那铁棒
rubbing:v.擦;磨;搓;(使)相互摩擦;摩擦;(rub的现在分词)
And he became became interested in that. 当时无著被那人的行为吸引了,而且感觉很奇怪。
He said, "Well what are you doing?" 他走过去问:“你这是在干什么呢？”
And the man said, "I'm making a needle ." 那个人回答:“我正在磨一根针。”
needle:n.针;针头;指针;缝针;v.穿过;刺激;拿针缝;拿针穿;
And he said, "That's ridiculous . you can't make a needle by rubbing a lump of iron with a cloth." 他不可思议的说,“真是可笑。你根本不可能把这么大的铁杆磨成针的, 仅仅靠用丝绸擦是不可能实现的
ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
And the man said, "Really?" And he showed him a dish full of needles . 那人答:“是吗？”于是他拿出满碟已经磨出来的细针给他看。
needles:n.针数,千针本;[印刷]折页顶针(needle复数形式);
So he said, "Okay, I get the point." 无著很惭愧的对自己说:“哦, 我明白了。”
He went back to his cave. He meditated again. 于是他调转头,又回到闭关房
Another three years, no vision . He leaves again. 3年又过去了,还是没有见到弥勒菩萨的丝毫迹象。他又离开了闭关房
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
This time, he comes down. 这一次,他丧失了信心。
And as he's leaving, he sees a bird making a nest on a cliff ledge . 当他走时,他看见一只鸟正在悬崖壁上筑巢。
cliff:n.悬崖;绝壁; ledge:n.壁架;突出之部份;暗礁;矿层;
And where it's landing to bring the twigs to the cliff, its feathers brushes the rock, and it had cut the rock in, inches, six to eight inches in, there was a cleft in the rock by the brushing of the feathers of generations of the birds. 鸟儿把衔来的小树枝放在悬崖壁上, 翅膀的羽毛不停的拍打着岩石,接着那羽毛居然陷进了岩石里面, 达到了6到8英尺。事实上,在岩石上已经是有一条裂缝, 这条裂缝是鸟儿经过了数代子孙的努力,通过羽毛的拍打在石头上慢慢的磨出来的。
twigs:[植]细枝; cleft:adj.分裂的;劈开的;n.裂缝;龟裂;v.劈开;分开(cleave的过去式和过去分词);
So he said, "All right. I get the point." He went back. 鸟儿不屈不挠的精神感动他,他心想:“哦, 我明白了,”于是,他又回到原来的地方
Another three years. 又是过了3年。
Again, no vision of Maitreya after nine years. 他整整用了9年的时间修炼,可是依然见不到弥勒菩提。
And, he again leaves, and this time water dripping , making a giant bowl in the rock where it drips in a stream. 因此再次绝望的离开,而这一次他又被滴水成河的情景感动, 因为他看见岩石中一个大石碗中有一条河流,这条河流是一滴一滴的水日积月累而成的。
dripping:adj.湿淋淋的; n.(烤肉时渗出的)油; v.滴下; (drip的现在分词) giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 drips:n.水滴(drip的复数);v.滴下;充满;给…打点滴(drip的第三人称单数);
And so, again, he goes back. And after 12 there is still no vision. 于是他再次回去反省修炼。12年的努力都无法见到佛祖。
And he's freaked out. And he won't even look left or right to see any encouraging vision. 他彻底绝望,甚至不敢看周围 任何令他受鼓舞的景象了。
freaked:v.(使)强烈反应,震惊,畏惧;(freak的过去分词和过去式)
And he comes to the town. He's a broken person. 接着他到了一个小镇。他认为自己永远都无法盼到佛祖的出现。
And there, in the town, he's approached by a dog who comes like this -- one of these terrible dogs you can see in some poor countries, even in America, I think, in some areas -- and he's looking just terrible. 在那里,他遇到了一条狗 那是一条可怕的狗--你可以在一些贫困的国家见到, 我想即使在美国的某些地方也能见到 它的样子实在是太可怕了
approached:v.走近;临近;探讨;建议;(approach的过去分词和过去式)
And he becomes interested in this dog because it's so pathetic, and it's trying to attract his attention. And he sits down looking at the dog. 当时他关注起这只狗了,因为它实在是太可怜了, 接着他想办法引起狗的注意,并且坐在狗的面前并盯着它,
And the dog's whole hindquarters are a complete open sore . 发现狗的整个后腿四分之三的皮几乎都是开裂的,
hindquarters:n.(动物的)尾部;两条后腿;半边胴体的后半部(hindquarter的复数); sore:n.疮;痛处;伤处;adj.(发炎)疼痛的;酸痛的;气恼;愤慨;
And some of it is like gangrenous . 甚至其中还有些是腐烂 ,
gangrenous:adj.坏疽的,腐败的;脱疽的;
And there's like maggots in the flesh . And it's terrible. 且布满密密麻麻的蛆。那样子看上去实在是令人毛骨悚然。
maggots:n.蛆虫(maggot的复数); flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖;
He thinks, "What can I do to fix up this dog? 他突然产生了慈悲心, “我该如何做才能治愈这条狗呢？
Well, at least I can clean this wound and wash it." 嗯,至少我可以帮它清除这个伤口。”
wound:n.创伤,伤口;v.使受伤;受伤,伤害;
So he takes it to some water, he's about to clean, then his awareness focuses on the maggots. 因此,他提来一些水,正要帮狗清洗时, 他突然注意起这些附在狗身上的蛆虫。
And he sees the maggots, and the maggots are kind of looking a little cute. 他盯着这些蛆,而且觉得他们有点可爱。
And they're maggoting happily in the dog's hindquarters there. 这些蛆正愉快的在狗的后腿上爬动。
'"Well, if I clean the dog, I'll kill the maggots. So how can that be? “嗯,如果帮狗清洗,那就要伤害到这些蛆。究竟该如何处理呢？
That's it. I'm a useless person and there's no Buddha, no Maitreya, and everything is all hopeless. 反正我已经是一个无用的人,佛也没有出现, 一切都不抱希望的。
And now I'm going to kill the maggots?" 难道现在我要杀死蛆？”
So, he had a brilliant idea. 因此,他想出了一个好主意。
And he took a shard of something, and cut a piece of flesh from his thigh , and he placed it on ground. 他取来了一些陶片,割下一块他自己大腿上的肉, 然后把它放在地上。
shard:n.(甲虫的)[昆]鞘翅;陶瓷碎片; thigh:n.大腿;股;食用的鸡(等的)大腿;
He was not really thinking too carefully about the ASPCA. 他当时并没有真正想起要建立保护动物协会。
He was just immediately caught with the situation. 他仅仅是想立即解决眼前出现的事情。
So he thought, "I will take the maggots and put them on this piece of flesh, then clean the dog's wounds , and then, you know, 于是他想,“这样就可以抓取出蛆了,接着我就可以把它们安置在这块肉上 然后顺利的清理狗的伤口
wounds:n.(身体上的)伤,伤口; v.使(身体)受伤; (wound的第三人称单数和复数)
I'll figure out what to do with the maggots." 最后就会想出如何处理这些蛆虫的方法了”
So he starts to do that. He can't grab the maggots. 于是,他开始这样做。但是他却不能像意料中抓取出这些蛆。
grab:v.攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引;n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物;
Apparently they wriggle around. They're kind of hard to grab, these maggots. 那是因为,显然的,它们在四处乱爬,很难一一抓取出来。
Apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; wriggle:v.扭动身体;蠕动;蜿蜒行进;n.扭动;蠕动;蜿蜒行进;
So he says, "Well, I'll put my tongue on the dog's flesh. 因此,他说“我只能是用自己的舌头去舔狗的腿
And then the maggots will jump on my warmer tongue. 那样蛆虫就会爬到我那温热的舌头上了。
The dog is kind of used up. 这狗看上去已经筋疲力尽。
And then I'll spit them one by one down on the thing." 我接着会一一的把这些蛆吐出来。”
one by one:一个接一个;
So he goes down, and he's sticking his tongue out like this. 于是他双膝跪在地上,按照想法伸出舌头这样做了。
And he had to close his eyes, it's so disgusting , and the smell and everything. 但是他必须闭上眼睛,因为不管是气味还是其他都是太恶心了
disgusting:adj.令人不快的;令人厌恶的;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;(disgust的现在分词)
And then, suddenly, there's a pfft , a noise like that. 然而,无著突然听到啐的一声,
pfft:int.啐(表示突然中止或终于失败);
He jumps back and there, of course, is the future Buddha Maitreya. 他睁开眼睛看并跳了起来,因为他惊讶的看到了弥勒菩萨的出现。
In a beautiful vision like rainbow lights, golden, jeweled , plasma body, like exquisite mystic vision, he sees. 弥勒菩提的身上有一道如彩虹般的光,如宝石那样金光闪闪, 他是那么的优雅和充满神秘感。
rainbow:n.彩虹 jeweled:adj.饰有宝石的; plasma:n.[等离子]等离子体;血浆;[矿物]深绿玉髓; exquisite:adj.精致的;细腻的;优美的,高雅的;异常的;剧烈的;n.服饰过于讲究的男子; mystic:adj.神秘的;神秘主义的;n.神秘主义者;
And he says, "Oh." He bows. 无著立即向佛祖鞠躬,然后说:“哦,我的主啊”
But, being human, he's immediately thinking of his next complaint . 但是作为人类,他还是忍不住立即开口诉苦。
complaint:n.抱怨;投诉;控告;不满;
So as he comes up from his first bow he says, "My Lord , I'm so happy to see you, but where have you been for 12 years? 鞠完躬后,无著又问: “我的主,见到你真是太好了,但是这12年你到底在哪里呢？
Lord:n.(英国)贵族,大人,大臣;v.使成贵族;作威作福;
What is this?" 为什么从前你都不示现给我看？”
And Maitreya says, "I was with you. Who do you think was making needles and making nests and dripping on rocks for you, mister dense ?" 弥勒菩提答:“我一直与你同在。老兄,那你认为那个磨针的人, 那只筑巢的小鸟和那些滴水会是谁变出来的呢？”
dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的;
(Laughter) 大笑
'"Looking for the Buddha in person." he said. 弥勒菩提继续说“你一直在寻找我但却看不到我“
And he said, "You didn't have, until this moment, real compassion. “直到这一刻,只有等到你真正产生了感人的慈悲心,
And, until you have real compassion, you cannot recognize love." 开始认识到爱的那一刻,你也就能够以自己的双眼看到我在你面前”
recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
Maitreya means love, the loving one, you know, in Sanskrit . 弥勒菩提所提到的爱,即是我们梵文中说的神圣的爱
Sanskrit:adj.梵文的;n.梵文;
And so he looked very dubious , Asanga did. 无著疑惑的望着弥勒菩提。
dubious:adj.可疑的;暧昧的;无把握的;半信半疑的;
And he said, "If you don't believe me, just take me with you." 于是弥勒菩提说,“如果你不相信我,那就让我跟着你,”
And so he took the Maitreya -- it shrunk into a globe, a ball -- took him on his shoulder. 于是弥勒菩提变成了一个圆形的小球,然后无著带上它 把他扛在肩膀上。
shrunk:v.收缩(shrink的过去分词);
And he ran into town in the marketplace , and he said, " Rejoice . Rejoice. 他跑进镇市场,嚷着说,“太好了,太好了,
marketplace:n.市场;集市; Rejoice:vi.高兴;庆祝;vt.使高兴;
The future Buddha has come ahead of all predictions . Here he is." 预言中会出现的弥勒菩萨提前显灵了！他就在我的肩膀上哦！”
predictions:n.预测,预言(prediction复数形式);
And then pretty soon they started throwing rocks and stones at him -- 没过一会,很多人都拿石头往他身上扔,
It wasn't Chautauqua. It was some other town -- because they saw a demented looking, scrawny looking yogi man, like some kind of hippie , with a bleeding leg and a rotten dog on his shoulder, shouting that the future Buddha had come. ——当然,故事不是发生在肖陶扩村（美国纽约州,夏季教育性集会中心）,而是另一个小镇—— 人们看到了一个酷似嬉皮士,骨瘦如柴的瑜珈的年轻人, 肩膀还扛着一条狗,那狗的腿正流着血,还有点腐烂 他疯狂的喊着“弥勒菩提来到这里了”。
demented:adj.发狂的,疯狂的; v.精神错乱; (dement的过去分词和过去式) scrawny:adj.骨瘦如柴的; yogi:n.瑜珈修行者;瑜珈信徒;沉思或神秘的人; hippie:n.嬉皮士;嬉皮模样的年青人;adj.嬉皮的; bleeding:n.出血;渗色;adj.流血的;同情的;v.出血;渗出;(bleed的现在分词) rotten:adj.腐烂的;堕落的;恶臭的;虚弱的;极坏的;adv.非常;
So, naturally , they chased him out of town. 很自然的,人们把他赶出了城镇。
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地;
But on the edge of town, one elderly lady, a char woman in the charnel ground, saw a jeweled foot on a jeweled lotus on his shoulder and then the dog, but she saw the jewel foot of the Maitreya, and she offered a flower. 但在小镇的边境,一个老妇人,在阴森森的地上, 看到了他肩膀上有一只闪光的脚嵌在闪光的莲花里面,以及一条狗, 但她看到了弥勒菩提金光闪闪的脚。于是她送了无著一朵花。
on the edge of:adv.几乎;濒于;在…边缘; elderly:adj.上了年纪的;过了中年的;稍老的; charnel:adj.似停尸房的;阴森的;恐怖的;n.藏骸所;停尸房;埋葬场所; lotus:n.莲花(汽车品牌);
So that encouraged him, and he went with Maitreya. 这些现象鼓舞了他,于是他跟着菩萨。
With Maitreya then took him to a certain heaven, the way the Buddhist myth unfolds in a typical way. 菩萨把无著带到天界, 佛教神话以一种典型的方式展开了。
myth:n.神话;虚构的人,虚构的事; unfolds:vt.打开;呈现;vi.展开;显露; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的;
And Maitreya then kept him in heaven for five years, dictating to him five complicated tomes of the methodology of how you cultivate compassion. 弥勒菩提然后让无著在天上修炼了五年, 向他口授了5种复杂的 如何培养慈悲心的方法
dictating:n.口述;v.听写;命令(dictate的现在分词); complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) tomes:n.书(tome的复数);卷; methodology:n.方法学,方法论; cultivate:vt.培养;陶冶;耕作;
And then I thought I would share with you what that method is, or one of them. 然后,我会与大家分享上面所说的方法,
Famous one, it's called the " Sevenfold Causal Method of Developing Compassion." 其中有一个著名的理论,它被称为“七支因果观慈悲心修炼法”。
Sevenfold:adj.七倍的;七重的;adv.七倍地; Causal:adj.因果关系的;有原因的;n.表示原因的连词;
And it begins first by one meditating and visualizing that all beings are with one, and all -- even animals too -- but everyone is in human form. 一个人练就慈悲心是要从打坐和禅修开始,把所有生灵都假想成为一个整体, 其中也包括动物。但每种生物都以人的形式生存着。
meditating:v.冥想;沉思;考虑;谋划;(meditate的现在分词) visualizing:v.使形象化;想象;构思;设想;(visualize的现在分词)
The animals are in one of their human lives. The humans are human. 这些动物也是跟人一样富有同情心的。因为 人类是有人性的。
And then, among them, you think of your friends and loved ones, the circle at the table. 然后你想起了你的朋友和亲人,所有人围在桌子旁。
And you think of your enemies, and you think of the neutral ones. 接着你也想起了你的敌人,以及那些处于你爱与不爱之间的人,
neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的;
And then you try to say, "Well, the loved ones I love. 然后你试着说:“嗯,我爱我的亲人。
But, you know, after all, they're nice to me. 但是,你也知道,毕竟,他们对我很好。
I had fights with them. Sometimes they were unfriendly . 虽然曾经我也跟他们吵过,因为有时他们对我不友好,
unfriendly:adj.不友好的;不利的;adv.不友善地;
I got mad. Brothers can fight. Parents and children can fight. 我也会很生气。兄弟之间会不和,父母和孩子之间也会产生矛盾。
So, in a way, I like them so much because they're nice to me. 所以,在某种程度上,我之所以喜欢他们,那是因为他们对我很好。
While the neutral ones I don't know. They could all be just fine. 对于那些在我心中处于中立地位的人,我不知道自己对他们的态度会是如何。他们有可能会很友好了
And then the enemies I don't like because they're mean to me. 最后我想想自己的敌人,我不喜欢他们完全是因为他们对我很不好。
But they are nice to somebody. I could be them." 但这些所谓的敌人也有可能对某些人很好。我想我应该也是这类人吧。”
And then the Buddhists , of course, think, because we've all had infinite previous lives, the Buddhists think that we've all been each other's relatives , actually, 佛教徒认为,人的生命是存在轮回的,是无止境的, 他们也认为,我们彼此之间都是有关系的,其实,
Buddhists:n.佛教徒(Buddhist的复数); infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; relatives:n.亲戚;亲属;同类事物;(relative的复数)
and everyone, therefore all of you, in the Buddhist view in some previous life, although you don't remember it and neither do I, have been my mother, for which I do apologize for the trouble I caused you. 自然也包括在座的每个人。从佛教思想来看 一些人的前世可能是我的母亲,即使你我都已经不记得了。 如果你前世是我的母亲,我要为自己曾经给你惹了很多麻烦表示道歉。
And also, actually, I've been your mother. 此外,我也可能前世是你们的母亲。
I've been female , and I've been every single one of you, your mother in a previous life, the way the Buddhists reflect . 我曾经可能是位女性,是你们在座每个人前世的母亲, 这个前世也就是佛教所说的。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;
So, my mother is this life is really great. But all of you in a way are part of the eternal mother. 所以,我认为这一世中我的母亲特别伟大。同时在某种程度上, 大家也有可能在这无止境的轮回中当过母亲。
eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的;
You gave me that expression , the eternal mama, you said. That's wonderful. 也许你会把这定义为永恒的母亲。这听起来太贴切了。
expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
So, that's the way the Buddhists do it. 因此,佛教徒一直都这么认为。
A theist , Christian, can think that all beings, even my enemies, are God's children. 基督教中也有一个理论,认为世界上所有的的生灵,其中也包括我的敌人,认为他们都是神的儿女。
theist:n.一神论者;
So, in that sense, we're related. 因此,从这个意义上,我们彼此是有联系的。
So, they first create this foundation of equality. 因此,他们首先创建这个平等的基础。
foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立;
So, we sort of reduce a little of the clinging to the ones we love -- just in the meditation -- and we open our mind to those we don't know. 我们多少要减少对我们所爱人的依赖- 在禅修的过程中-我们开始对那些不认识的人敞开心扉。
clinging:adj.紧身的; v.依附; (cling的现在分词) meditation:n.冥想;沉思,深思;
And we definitely reduce the hostility and "I don't want to be compassionate to them" 同时我们对人的敌意也减少了,对于那些我们认为的坏人,讨厌的人
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; hostility:n.敌意;战争行动;
to the ones we think of as the bad guys, the ones we hate and we don't like. 这种“我们不需要同情他们”的思想也随着减少。
And we don't hate anyone therefore. So we equalize . That's very important. 我们不恨任何人,因此我们做到了平等。这一点是非常重要的。
equalize:vt.补偿;使相等;vi.成为相等;打成平局;
And then the next thing we do is what is called mother recognition . 然后我们接下来要讲的是知母。
recognition:n.识别;认识;承认;认可;
And that is, we think of every being as familiar , as family. 那就是,我们把每一个人当作是熟人和家人,
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
We expand . We take the feeling about remembering a mama, and we defuse that to all beings in this meditation. 甚至是拓展到另一种关系。我们假想自己记起了母亲, 我们要在此禅修中拯救众生。
expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开; defuse:v.平息;去掉…的雷管;使除去危险性;
And we see the mother in every being. 我们看到了众生的母亲。
We see that look that the mother has on her face, this looking at this child that is a miracle that she has produced from her own body, being a mammal , where she has true compassion, truly is the other, and identifies completely. 我们看到他看着孩子那专注的表情, 她认为这个从她自己身上分娩出来的孩子 简直就是一个奇迹,在哺乳动物里面, 母亲是最具有慈悲胸怀的人,虽然其他人也会有同情心,但是与她相比,却是完全不同的。
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例; mammal:n.哺乳动物; identifies:vt.[计]识别,认明;视为相同,鉴定;v.[计]识别,确定(identify的单三形式);
Often the life of that other will be more important to her than her own life. 她永远把他人的生命看得比她自己的还要重要。
And that's why it's the most powerful form of -- altruism . 这就为什么我们称利他主义的精神是伟大 的。
altruism:n.利他;利他主义;
The mother is what is the model of all altruism for human beings, in spiritual traditions. 而母亲的这种行为,从传统精神来看, 恰恰是这种利他主义的典范。
spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的;
And so, we reflect until we can sort of see that motherly expression in all beings. 因此,我们可以用大慈悲来形容母亲的这种母爱精神。
motherly:adj.母亲的;慈母般的;
People laugh at me because, you know, I used to say that 人们嘲笑我,因为你知道,我以往经常说:
I used to meditate on mama Cheney as my mom, when, of course, I was annoyed with him about all of his evil doings in Iraq. “我曾经把切尼假想成自己的母亲,” 当然,因为那是我对他攻打伊拉克所做出的恶行感到很是恼火。
annoyed:adj.恼怒;生气;烦恼;v.使恼怒;使生气;打扰;骚扰(annoy的过去分词和过去式) evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸; doings:n.举动,行为;所做之事(doing的复数);
I used to meditate on George Bush . He's quite a cute mom in a female form. 我曾经也假想布什是我的母亲,而且我把他想象成为一个相当可爱的女性形象的母亲:
Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的;
Has his little ears and he smiles and he rocks you in his arms. 他有那小小的耳朵,他对你笑以及他把你拥入怀中
And you think of him as nursing you. 而且你把他当成是还哺育你的母亲。
And then Saddam Hussein's serious mustache is a problem. 然后,你也想到了惹了一身麻烦的萨达姆。
Saddam:n.萨达姆(伊拉克前总统);
But you think of him as a mom. 但同样的你也可以把他认为是你的母亲
And this is the way you do it. You take any being who looks weird to you, and you see how they could be familiar to you. 其实你们都可以这样做。任何一个对你有敌意的人, 你可以把他定位成是你非常熟悉的人,
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
And you do that for awhile until you really feel that. 然后过了一段时间,你就会真正产生这种感觉了。
awhile:adv.一会儿;片刻;
You can feel the familiarity of all beings. 你可以把众生都想象成自己熟悉的人。
familiarity:n.熟悉,精通;亲密;随便;
Nobody seems alien. They're not "other." 因此他们都不会是陌生人,而且都会是你的同盟
You reduce the feeling of otherness about beings. 这样你就会感觉到人与人直接的差异越来越小。
otherness:n.差异性;相异;他物;
Then you move from there to remembering the kindness of mothers in general , if you can remember the kindness of your own mother, if you can remember the kindness of your spouse , or, if you are a mother yourself, how you were with your children. 然后,在你的记忆中,妈妈的善良形象就有了一个大概的轮廓 如果你能记住自己母亲的善良, 如果你记住配偶的善良, 或者是说,如果你自己就是一位母亲,你是如何对待你的孩子们。
in general:总之,通常;一般而言; spouse:n.配偶;vt.和…结婚;
And you begin to get very sentimental, you cultivate sentimentality intensely . 你开始变得非常多情的,你与孩子培养出非常浓烈感情
sentimentality:n.多愁善感; intensely:adv.强烈地;紧张地;热情地;
You will even weep , perhaps, with gratitude and kindness. 也许你会因为怀着感恩和善良的心感动得哭了。
weep:n.哭泣;落泪;v.流泪;流出; gratitude:n.感谢(的心情);感激;
And then you connect that with your feeling that everyone has that motherly possibility. 然后你得出一个结论:每个人都会有感受到母爱会付出母爱的可能。
Every being, even the most mean looking ones, can be motherly. 每一个人,即使是那些卑鄙的人,也都会流露出让人感动的母爱。
And then, third, you step from there to what is called a feeling of gratitude. 然后第三步是感恩。
You want to repay that kindness that all beings have shown to you. 你想要报答那些对你友好的人
repay:v.偿还;报答;报复;
And then the fourth step, you go to what is called lovely love. 然后第四步,那就是所谓至高无上的爱,
In each one of these you can take some weeks, or months, or days depending on how you do it, or you can do them in a run, this meditation. 要达到这种爱是需要花上数天或者几个星期,甚至几个月的时间, 就看你如何做到这一点,或者你可以在禅修获得。
And then you think of how lovely beings are when they are happy, when they are satisfied . 当众生开心时,你就会觉得众生是那么的可爱, 当他们表现满足时,你也会感觉到他们的可爱,
satisfied:adj.满意的:满足的:v.使满意:使满足;(satisfy的过去分词和过去式)
And every being looks beautiful when they are internally feeling a happiness. 当他们内心充满幸福感,他们看上去也是那么的美。
internally:adv.内部地;国内地;内在地;
Their face doesn't look like this. When they're angry, they look ugly , every being, but when they're happy they look beautiful. 但是当他们愤怒时,他们的脸上的表现却不是这样的,反而是丑陋的 所以当他们表现快乐就很美
ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
And so you see beings in their potential happiness. 因此,你经常看到的是他们潜在的快乐。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
And you feel a love toward them that you want them to be happy, even the enemy. 如果你真的爱他们,那意味着你希望他们过得开心幸福,即使是敌人。
And, actually, it's very logical to want to -- we think Jesus is being unrealistic when he says love thine enemy. 实际上,让敌人快乐是非常符合逻辑的 虽然当耶稣说要爱自己的朋友,我们认为他的说法是不现实的。
logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的; Jesus:int.上帝啊:天哪:n.耶稣:耶稣基督: unrealistic:adj.不切实际的;不实在的; thine:pron.你的;你的东西,你的家属(或有关的人);
He does say that, and we think he's being unrealistic and sort of spiritual and highfalutin and, "Nice for him to say it, but I can't do that." 他确实这么说过,我们也确实这样说他的想法不现实 虚幻和夸大。但我认为“耶稣说得很好,我无法跟他一样伟大”
highfalutin:adj.夸张的;自大的;傲慢的(等于hifalutin);
But, actually, that's practical . 实际上,耶稣所说的是可行的。
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
If you love your enemy that means you want your enemy to be happy. 因为如果你真的爱你的敌人,那意味着你想让他们开心。
If your enemy was really happy, why would they bother to be your enemy? 如果你的敌人真的是开心的,那他们何须要成为你的敌人？
bother:v.烦扰,打扰;使…不安;操心,麻烦;n.麻烦;烦恼;
How boring to run around chasing you. 奔波追逐你是多么的乏味,
boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词) run around:n.遁词;借口;
They would be relaxing somewhere having a good time. 他们必须在某个地方放松开心下。
relaxing:adj.令人放松的;轻松的;v.放松;休息;宽慰;(使)放心;(relax的现在分词)
So it makes sense to want your enemy to be happy because they'll stop being your enemy because that's too much trouble. 所以让你的敌人开心是有道理的, 因为这样的话,他们会因为不想产生太多的麻烦而不再对你有敌意。
But anyway, that's the lovely love. 不管怎么说,这就是至高无上的爱。
And then finally , the fifth step is compassion, universal compassion. 最后的一步是大慈悲,对每个人都富有同情心。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的;
And that is where you then look at the reality of all the beings you can think of. 如果做到了这一步,那么你就可以看到那些你自己能想到的人的现实生活。
And you look at them, and you see how they are. 你看着他们,看着他们所有的一切。
And you realize how unhappy they are actually, mostly, most of the time. 通常情况下,你能感觉到他们大部分人其实是不开心的。
You see that furrowed brow in people. 你看到他们都皱着眉头,
furrowed:adj.有沟痕的;v.在…开沟;犁田(furrow的过去式和过去分词); brow:n.额头;山脊;坡顶;
And then you realize they don't even have compassion on themselves. 你意识到他们本身对自己就不够仁慈,
They're driven by this duty and this obligation . 他们的生活受到任务和责任的牵制,
obligation:n.义务;责任;职责;(已承诺的或法律等规定的)义务;
'"I have to get that. I need more. I'm not worthy . And I should do something." “我必须达到目标,我需要更多,我不够有钱。我必须做出一番事业”
worthy:adj.值得的; n.杰出人物;
And they're rushing around all stressed out. 他们围着这些所谓的目标不停的奋斗。
And they think of it as somehow macho , hard discipline on themselves. 他们认为这样的自己是特别具有男子气概,是必须需要很强的自律性才能做到的。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; macho:n.男子汉;男子气概;adj.(贬)有男子汉气概的; discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚;
But actually they are cruel to themselves. 但事实上, 他们这样是在虐待自己。
And, of course, they are cruel and ruthless toward others. 当然,这样同时也会造成对其他人无礼和残忍。
ruthless:adj.无情的,残忍的;
And they, then, never get any positive feedback . 而他们从来也不会获得任何好的回报。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片; feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈;
And the more they succeed, and the more power they have, the more unhappy they are. 当他们获得更多的成功,得到更多的权利, 他们就会越不开心。
And this is where you feel real compassion for them. 而这正是你替他们感到真正的同情的地方。
And you then feel you must act. 然后你意识到必须开始行动了。
And it's the motivation -- 当然,这种所谓的动机
motivation:n.动机;积极性;推动;
And the choice of action, of course, hopefully will be more practical than poor Asanga who was fixing the maggots on the dog, because he had that motivation, and whoever was in front of him, he wanted to help. 应该有各种各样的行动选择,采取的行动也要更实际一点, 要比可怜的无著为了狗而安置好蛆那样做更实际一点 因为他当时的目的就是拯救每一个他认为可怜的人。 他的目的就在于拯救。
whoever:任何人:无论是谁:
But, of course, that is impractical . He should have founded the ASPCA in the town and gotten some scientific help for dogs and maggots. 事实上,他的这种动机显得不切实际。他必须在那个小镇上建议起一个建立起保护动物协会, 从而让狗和蛆能够得到科学的救助。
impractical:adj.不切实际的,不现实的;不能实行的; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
And I'm sure he did that later. But that just indicates the state of mind, you know. 我敢肯定,无著后来也确实想到了这一点,可是那想法仅仅只是一种建立在精神上而已。
And so the next step -- the sixth step beyond universal compassion -- which then is this thing where you're linked with the needs of others in a true way, and you have compassion for yourself also, and you don't -- it isn't sentimental only. You might be in fear of something. 下一步就是第六步--超越普遍的慈悲- 即是从真正的意义上,把别人的需要与自己紧紧连在一起。 然后你把他们的事情当成自己的事情,从而让自己产生慈悲 它不是仅仅只是感性的。因为你可能也害怕某种东西。
Some bad guy is making himself more and more unhappy being more and more mean to other people and getting punished in the future for it in various ways. 一些坏人在自己对别人越来越卑鄙的同时 也让自己变得越来越不开心 而且还会在将来得到各种各样的惩罚。
And in Buddhism , they catch it in the future life. 以佛教思想解释就是,惩罚必将在他们将来的某一生命轮回中出现。
Buddhism:n.佛教;
Of course in theistic religion they're punished by God or whatever. 在有神论的宗教看来,这些坏人必将会受到上帝或其他神的惩罚。
And materialism , they think they get out of it just by not existing, by dying, but they don't. 在持唯物主义的人看来,所谓的惩罚会当这些坏人不存在了, 即是死亡后也跟着消失。但是他们绝不会以
materialism:n.唯物主义;唯物论;物质主义;
And so they get reborn as whatever, you know. 重生的方式出现。
reborn:adj.再生的;更新的;
Never mind . I won't get into that. 不要紧,我不会去深入讨论这些的。
Never mind:没关系;
But the next step is called universal responsibility. 下一步就是所谓的利益众生的责任感。
And that is very important -- the Charter of Compassion must lead us to develop through true compassion, what is called universal responsibility. 利益众生的责任感是非常重要的--这也是慈悲心所包括的 它会让我们发展学会真正的大慈悲。 这就叫做利益众生的责任感。
Charter:n.章程; v.包租(飞机、船等);
And that means that the great teaching of his holiness , the Dalai Lama, that he always teaches everywhere, and he says that is the common religion of humanity , kindness, 这刚好是神圣伟大的达赖喇嘛所提倡的教学。 达赖喇嘛经常到处讲经,他说: 这是人类博爱,善良的共同信仰,
holiness:n.神圣;圣座(大写,对教宗等的尊称); humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
But kindness means universal responsibility. 而大慈悲另一种表达就是利益众生的责任
And that means whatever happens to other beings is happening to us, that we are responsible for that, and we should take it and do whatever we can at whatever little level and small level that we can do it. 这也意味着,发生在别人身上的任何事就相当于发生在自己身上 我们是负有责任的,而且我们必须承担起这些责任, 并尽我们力所能及的的一切 努力去解决。
responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
We absolutely must do that. There is no way not to do it. 我们绝对必须这样做。而且是没有理由不去这样做。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
And then, finally, that leads to a new orientation in life where we live equally for ourselves and others, and we realize that happiness for ourselves -- and we are joyful and happy. 最后,我们的人生方向开始有了定位, 我们和他人平等相待, 我们认识到自己的幸福-- 然后我们变得欢乐和幸福
orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方; joyful:adj.欢喜的;令人高兴的;
One thing we mustn't think is compassion makes you miserable . 我们绝不能认为仁慈使你变得痛苦。
miserable:adj.悲惨的;痛苦的;卑鄙的;
Compassion makes you happy. 而是要认为仁慈心使你幸福。
The first person who is happy, when you get great compassion, is yourself, even if you haven't done anything yet for anybody else. 当你产生了同情心,第一个感到快乐的人就是你自己, 即使你没有帮助过任何人。
Although, the change in your mind already does something for other beings. 你头脑中这种想法的改变已经影响到了其他人,
They can sense this new quality in yourself, and it helps them already, and gives them an example. 他们能够感觉到你的这一优秀的品质, 而且你的这些品质还可以帮到他们,给他们作了榜样。
And that uncompassionate clock has just showed me that it's all over. 无情的时间过得很快,不知不觉我已经把想要讲的都讲得差不多了。
So, practice compassion, read the charter, disseminate it and develop it within yourself. 因此,让你自己开始实践慈悲,阅读章程,并在你的内心中传播它 并且让自己成为一个仁慈的人。
disseminate:vt.宣传,传播;散布;vi.散布;广为传播;
Don't just think, oh well, I'm compassionate, or I'm not compassionate, and sort of think you're stuck there. 不要只是想:“噢,我是个富有同情心的人,还是一个不富有同情心的人呢” 这样的想象只会让你卡住不能获得进步。
You can develop this. You can diminish the non-compassion, the cruelty , the callousness , the neglect of others. 同情心是可以培养的。你可以让你内心的冷酷, 残忍,无情以及对别人的忽视的这种情感慢慢减少甚至消失。
diminish:vt.使减少;使变小;vi.减少,缩小;变小; cruelty:n.残酷;残忍;残酷的行为; callousness:n.麻木不仁; neglect:v.忽视;忽略;疏忽;疏于照顾;n.忽视;忽略;未被重视;
Take universal responsibility for them, and then, not only will God smile and the eternal mama will smile, but Karen Armstrong will smile. 把利益众生当成自己的责任, 然后,你会发现不但上帝和所谓的永恒的妈妈会对你微笑, 而且佛祖凯伦阿姆斯壮也会微笑的。
Armstrong:n.阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员,登月第一人);
Thank you very much. 谢谢大家。