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RobertNeuwirth_2005G-_谈论_影子城市_
Let me show you some images of what I consider to be the cities of tomorrow. 我为大家展示一些影像 一些我对城市未来的看法.
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
So, that's Kibera, the largest squatter community in Nairobi. 那就是基贝拉,内罗比最大的贫民窟.
squatter:n.蹲着的人;vi.涉水而过; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
This is the squatter community in Sanjay Gandhi National Park in Bombay, India, what's called Mumbai these days. 这些贫民区在桑贾伊甘地国家公园 在印度孟买,这被叫做当下孟买（Mumbai）.
Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖); National Park:n.国家公园;
This is Hosinia, the largest and most urbanized favela in Rio de Janeiro. 这是Hosinia,最大最集中的贫民区 它在里约热内卢.
urbanized:adj.城市化的;v.使城市化(urbanize的过去式); favela:n.(巴西的)贫民区;
And this is Sultanbelyi, which is one of the largest squatter communities in Istanbul. 这里是苏丹贝利, 这儿是伊斯坦布尔最大的贫困社区.
communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
They are what I consider to be the cities of tomorrow, the new urban world. 我认为它们代表了城市的未来 城市的新明天.
Now, why do I say that? 我为什么要这么说?
To tell you about that I have to talk about this fellow here, his name is Julius. 下面我谈谈这家伙, 他的名字是Julius.
And I met Julius the last week that I was living in Kibera. 上周我住在基贝拉时遇见Julius.
So, I had been there almost three months, and I was touring around the city going to different squatter areas and Julius was tagging along, and he was bug eyed and at certain points we were walking around, he grabbed my hand for support, which is something most Kenyans would never consider doing. 虽然,我住在这将近三个月, 我在贫民窟的不同区域云游 Julius尾随我,睁大双眼 通过交谈我们有着同样的忧虑, 他抓紧我的手,以获得支持 有些事是肯尼亚人永远不愿触及的事情.
tagging:n.标记;锻尖;v.加标签于;附加;把…称为(tag的现在分词形式); bug:n.臭虫,小虫;故障;窃听器;v.烦扰,打扰;装窃听器; grabbed:v.抓住;攫取;抓住,夺得;(grab的过去分词和过去式)
They're very polite and they don't get so forward so quickly. 他们非常友好然而他们一直跟着我们.
And I found out later that it was Julius' first day in Nairobi, and he's one of many. 我找到内罗比后去了那,Julius还是头一次去, 他是少数中的一个.
So, close to 200,000 people a day migrate from the rural to the urban areas. 然而,每天将近20人 从乡下迁移到城市.
migrate:vi.移动;随季节而移居;移往;vt.使移居;使移植; rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
And I'm going to be fair to the statisticians who talked this morning, not almost 1.5 million people a week, but almost 1.4 million people a week but I'm a journalist , 我要公平的统计 谁在早上放话,每周并没有达到150万人, 而是近140万人,还有像我这样的新闻工作者,
statisticians:n.统计学家,统计员; journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者;
and we exaggerate , so almost 1.5 million people a week, close to 70 million people a year. 我们也会向城市扩张,因此每周将近150万人, 每年大约有700万人.
exaggerate:v.夸大;夸张;言过其实;
And if you do the math , that's 130 people every minute. 如果你精确计算,那就是每分钟是130人.
you do the math:你自己来算一下;
So, that'll be -- in the 18 minutes that I'm given to talk here, between 2 and 3,000 people will have journeyed to the cities. 因此,那将是--我在这里演讲的18分钟, 就有2--3千人将前往这座城市.
journeyed:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
And here are the statistics . 这是统计.
statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
Today -- a billion squatters , one in six people on the planet. 今天--十亿城市寄居者, 占到了六分之一的地球人口.
squatters:蹲着的人; (squatter的名词复数);
2030 -- two billion squatters, one in four people on the planet. 2030年--20亿 四分之一地球人口.
And the estimate is that in 2050, there'll be three billion squatters. 以此类推在2050年,这里将有三十亿城市寄居者
estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本;
better than one in three people on earth. 超过三分之一的地球人口.
So, these are the cities of the future, and we have to engage them. 因此,这些城市的未来,我们要让他们参与进来.
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
And I was thinking this morning of the good life, and before I show you the rest of my presentation , 今天早上我还在思考美好的生活, 在我向你陈述我的演讲前,
presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送;
I'm going to violate TED rules here, and I'm going to read you something from my book as quickly as I can. 我将违反TED的规则, 我将快速为你读一段我书中的精华.
violate:v.违反,违背(法律、协议等);侵犯(隐私等);亵渎;
Because I think it says something about reversing our perception of what we think the good life is. 因为我觉得这些话是关于逆转我们的固有观念的 它让我们反思,美好的生活指的是什么.
reversing:v.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反;(reverse的现在分词) perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力;
So -- "The hut was made of corrugated metal, set on a concrete pad . 小屋是用金属铁皮建造,安装在一个水泥衬垫上.
hut:n.小屋;木屋;[军事]临时营房;[美俚]牢房;v.(使)住临时营房[小屋]; corrugated:adj.波纹的;缩成皱纹的;有瓦楞的;v.(使)起皱纹(corrugate的过去式); pad:n.软垫,护垫;便笺本;爪垫;肉掌;v.填充,覆盖,保护;蹑手蹑脚地走;做黑账;
It was a 10 by 10 cell. 这是一个10米乘以10米的房间
Armstrong O'Brian Jr. shared it with three other men. Armstrong O*Brian Jr与其他三人合住.
Armstrong:n.阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员,登月第一人);
Armstrong and his friends had no water, they bought it from a nearby tap owner. Armstrong和他的朋友没有水了, 他们买附近水龙头主人的水来使用.
nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近;
No toilet, the families in this compound shared a single pit-latrine and no sewers or sanitation . 没有单独厕所,大家用着仅有的一个公共厕所 没有排水管和清道夫.
compound:v.合成; adj.混合; n.大院; sewers:n.排水沟,[建]下水道; v.为…铺设污水管道(sewer的第三人称单数形式); sanitation:n.[医]环境卫生;卫生设备;下水道设施;
They did have electricity , but it was illegal service tapped from someone else's wires, and could only power one feeble bulb . 他们有电力, 但那是从别人电流里偷盗的非法电力, 也仅能供应一个微薄的电灯泡.
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; feeble:adj.微弱的,无力的;虚弱的;薄弱的; bulb:n.电灯泡;(植物)鳞茎;鳞茎状物(如温度计的球部);v.生球茎;肿[涨]成球;
This was Southland , a small shanty community on the western side of Nairobi, Kenya. 这就是南部地区一个小的可怕境地 在内罗比,肯尼亚的西边.
Southland:n.南国;南部地方; shanty:n.(美)棚屋;下等酒馆;海员号子;vi.居住于小棚屋;
But it could've been anywhere in the city, because more than half the city of Nairobi lives like this. 但并不是遍布整个城市, 因为在内罗比超过一般的城市是这样生活的.
1.5 million people stuffed into mud or metal huts with no services, no toilets, no rights. 有150万人是生活在垃圾堆旁的小铁皮屋下 不享受任何服务,没厕所,没有任何权利.
stuffed:adj.饱;装满的;v.填满;装满;给…装馅;(stuff的过去分词和过去式) huts:n.小屋;临时营房;vt.使住在小屋中;驻扎;vi.住在小屋中;驻扎;
Armstrong explained the brutal reality of their situation, they paid 1,500 shillings in rent, about 20 bucks a month, a relatively high price for a Kenyan shantytown , and they could not afford to be late with the money. Armstrong解释了他们残酷现实的因由, 他们付1500先令房租,大约20头公羊每个月, 如此高额的佣金付给肯尼亚临时破社区, 然而他们无法承担起如此高额的费用.
brutal:adj.残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的; shillings:n.先令; bucks:n.元;雄鹿;(buck的复数) relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; shantytown:n.以临时搭盖的陋屋为主的地区; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
'In case you owe one month, the landlord will come with his henchmen and bundle you out. He will confiscate your things,' Armstrong said. 如果你欠了一个月的房租,房东会和他的手下 把你捆起来.他将没收你的东西,*Armstrong说.
owe:v.归功于;欠(债);欠(账);欠(情) landlord:n.房东;地主;东家;土地主; henchmen:n.追随者(henchman复数);亲信;心腹; bundle:n.包; v.匆匆送走; (成群地)匆忙赶往; confiscate:v.没收;(尤指作为惩罚)把…充公;
'Not one month, one day,' his roommate Hilary Kibagendi Onsomu, who was cooking ugali , the spongy white cornmeal concoction that is the staple food in the country, cut into the conversation. 不只是一个月,甚至一天,*他的室友Hilary Kibagendi Onsomu插话说道, 他在做饭,白玉米面糊糊 这是这个国家的主食
ugali:n.玉米(或粟米)粉团; spongy:adj.海绵状的;轻软的;多孔而有弹性的;有吸水性的; cornmeal:n.燕麦片;玉蜀黍粉;谷物粉; concoction:n.混合;调合;调合物; staple:n.主要产品; adj.主要的,常用的; v.把…分级;
They called their landlord a Wabenzi, meaning that he is a person who has enough money to drive a Mercedes-Benz. 他们管房东叫Wabenzi,意思是他是一个 有足够钱买得起奔驰车的人.
Hilary served the ugali with a fry of meat and tomatoes, the sun slammed down on the thin steel roof, and we perspired as we ate. Hilary做着炸薯条和炸肉, 太阳炙热的烤在小铁皮屋上, 我们汗流浃背.
slammed:v.(使…)砰地关上;使劲一推;猛烈抨击;(slam的过去分词和过去式) perspired:v.排汗;(perspire的过去式)
After we finished, Armstrong straightened his tie, put on a wool sports jacket , and we headed out into the glare. 我们吃完后,Armstrong整理了下他的领带, 穿上一件羊毛运动夹克,我们的首领闪亮登场.
straightened:v.(使)变直,变正;挺直,端正(身体);(straighten的过去式和过去分词) wool:n.毛;毛线;毛料;毛织物; sports jacket:n.男式便服外套;粗花呢夹克;
Outside a mound of garbage formed the border between Southland and the adjacent legal neighborhood of Langata. 外边的垃圾山形成一道边界 南部与临近的合法国度兰格塔.
mound:n.小丘;小山岗;一堆;许多;大量; garbage:n.垃圾;废物; adjacent:adj.邻近的,毗连的; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
It was perhaps eight feet tall, 40 feet long, and 10 feet wide. 这大约有8英尺高,40英尺长,10英尺宽.
And it was set in a wider watery ooze . 他座落在一个宽广的污水沟旁.
watery:adj.水的;淡的;湿的;松软的;有雨意的; ooze:vt.渗出;泄漏;vi.渗出;泄漏;n.[地质]软泥;
As we passed two boys were climbing the mount Kenya of trash . 当我们经过时两个男孩爬上了肯尼亚的垃圾堆.
mount:n.山;坐骑;山峰;衬纸板;v.登上;爬上;攀登;准备; trash:n.垃圾;废物;v.丢弃;修剪树枝;
They couldn't have been more than five or six years old. 他么肯定没超过五六岁.
They were barefoot , and with each step their toes sank into the muck sending hundreds of flies scattering from the rancid pile . 他们光着脚丫,每一步赤脚,脚趾陷入淤泥 吵醒从腐臭堆散射的百只苍蝇
barefoot:adj.赤脚的;adv.赤着脚地; toes:n.脚趾;足尖部;有…脚趾的;v.用脚尖走;(toe的第三人称单数和复数) muck:n.粪便,粪肥;脏东西;泥浆;令人厌恶的事物;v.施粪肥于… scattering:n.散射;分散;adj.分散的;v.散射;散布;驱散(scatter的ing形式); rancid:adj.腐臭的;令人作呕的,讨厌的; pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置;
I thought they might be playing King of the Hill, but I was wrong. 我猜想他们是在玩躲猫猫,但我错了.
Once atop the pile, one of the boys lowered his shorts, squatted , and defecated . 一个在顶山,另外一个男孩脱下他的裤子, 蹲下,便便.
atop:prep.在…的顶上;adv.在顶上; squatted:v.蹲下;蹲坐;擅自占地;adj.蹲着的;矮胖胖的;低矮的;n.蹲;擅自占用的土地; defecated:v.排便;澄清;(defecate的过去分词和过去式)
The flies buzzed hungrily around his legs. 苍蝇饥渴的围着男孩的腿打转.
buzzed:v.发出嗡嗡声;发出蜂鸣声;充满兴奋(或活动等);(buzz的过去分词和过去式) hungrily:adv.饥饿地;渴望地;
When 20 families -- 100 people or so -- share a single latrine , a boy pooping on a garbage pile is perhaps no big thing. 20个家庭--100个人左右--共用一个厕所, 一个男孩在垃圾堆里便便也许不是什么大问题.
latrine:n.公共厕所; pooping:v.浪冲打船尾(poop的现在分词);
But it stood in jarring contrast to something Armstrong had said as we were eating -- that he treasured the quality of life in his neighborhood. 但他形成鲜明对比 Armstrong曾经说过,正如我们吃的东西-- 他的友邻在乎的是生活质量.
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
For Armstrong, Southland wasn't constrained by its material conditions. Armstrong说,南部不能用物质条件来束缚人们.
constrained:adj.不自然的; v.约束; (constrain的过去分词和过去式)
Instead, the human spirit radiated out from the metal walls and garbage heaps to offer something no legal neighborhood could -- freedom. 反之,人们的精神辐射出 对薄铁皮屋和垃圾强的愤怒 你合法的友邻--向往自由.
radiated:adj.辐射的; v.辐射;
'This place is very addictive ,' he had said. 生活在这个地方非常成瘾,*他曾说过.
addictive:adj.使人上瘾的;使人入迷的;
'It's a simple life, but nobody is restricting you. 这里生活很简单,没有人束缚你.
restricting:n.整形,限制;扼流;v.限制(restrict的ing形式);
Nobody is controlling what you do. 没有人约束做任何事情.
Once you have stayed here, you cannot go back.' 一旦你选择居住在这,你将无法回头.*
He meant back, beyond that mountain of trash, back in the legal city, of legal buildings, with legal leases and legal rights. 他指的是穿越那座垃圾山, 回到合法的城市,合法的建筑, 合法租赁和拥有法定权利.
leases:n.[租赁]租赁;租约;租赁协定(lease的复数);v.出租;租得(lease的三单形式);
'Once you have stayed here,' he said, you can stay for the rest of your life.'" *一旦你选择居住在这,*他说, 你就会在此度过你剩余的生命.*
So, he has hope, and this is where these communities start. 所以,他曾有希望,这就是这些社区的开始.
This is perhaps the most primitive shanty that you can find in Kibera, little more than a stick-and-mud hut next to a garbage heap. 这也许是你可以在基贝拉找到的最原始的境地, 小泥巴屋旁的垃圾堆.
primitive:adj.原始的,远古的;简单的,粗糙的;n.原始人;
This is getting ready for the monsoon in Bombay, India. 这是为印度孟买的雨季所准备的.
monsoon:n.季风;(印度等地的)雨季;季候风;
This is home improvement . 这也可以叫家居装饰.
home improvement:n.(为增值进行的)房屋修缮;
Putting plastic tarps on your roof. 把塑料布遮挡在你的屋顶上.
tarps:abbr.战术空中侦察吊舱系统;
This is in Rio de Janeiro, and it's getting a bit better, right? 这里是里约热内卢,这个看起来好一点了,对吧?
We're seeing scavenged terra cotta tile and little pieces of signs, and plaster over the brick, some color, and this is Sulay Montakaya's house in Sultanbelyi, and it's getting even better. 我们能看到土陶泥和小残骸的迹象, 灰泥填满砖缝,混杂的颜色, 这里是Sulay Montakaya在苏丹贝利的房子,这里看起来更像个家了.
scavenged:vt.打扫;排除废气;以…为食;vi.清除污物;打扫; terra:n.地;地球;土地; cotta:n.白色短袖法衣(教士穿);白色短衣(诗班成员穿); tile:n.地砖;瓦片;(棋盘游戏的)棋子;v.铺瓦;铺地砖;贴瓷砖;平铺显示; plaster:n.石膏;灰泥;膏药;v.减轻;粘贴;涂以灰泥;敷以膏药;使平服;
He's got a fence, he scavenged a door. 他修了一道篱笆,还清扫了院子.
He's got new tile on the roof. 屋顶还填了新瓦片.
And then you get Rocinha and you can see that it's getting even better. 当你在荷欣尼亚 你可以看到这里变化更大.
The buildings here are multi-story . 这里的高层建筑.
multi-story:多层的;
They develop -- you can see on the far right one where it seems to just stack on top of each other, room, after room, after room. 你可以看到这里的发展 从远处看起来只是堆栈, 房间,挨着房间,紧跟着还是房间.
stack:n.堆栈;一摞;大量;许多;v.(使)放成整齐的一叠(或一摞,一堆);
And what people do is they develop their home on one or two stories, and they sell their loggia or roof rights, and someone else builds on top of their building, and then that person sells the roof rights, and someone else builds on top of their building. 人们所做的就是和他们的家人生活得更贴近, 他们出售他们的凉亭和屋顶产权, 房屋建造在别人的屋顶上, 当这个人出售他的屋顶产权时, 别人就可以合法累建了.
loggia:n.凉廊;
All of these buildings are made out of reinforced concrete and brick. 建筑物是由钢筋混凝土和砖砌成.
reinforced concrete:n.钢筋混凝土;
And then you get Sultanbelyi, in Turkey, where it's even built to a higher level of design. 当你到了苏丹贝利在土耳其,那里甚至建造了 一个高水准设计.
The crud in the front is mattress-stuffing, and you see that all over Turkey. 眼前的杂物是床垫的填充物, 这在土耳其到处可见.
crud:n.渣滓;脏家伙;搀和物;杂质;
People dry out or air out their mattress-stuffing on their roofs. 人们在屋顶晒干燥或者潮湿的床垫填充物.
But the green building, on behind, you can see that the top floor is not occupied , so people are building with the possibility of expansion . 但在后边的这些建筑, 你可以看到他们的屋顶是没有任何的杂物, 人们正在建设的可能性的扩张.
occupied:adj.被占领的; v.占用; (occupy的过去分词和过去式) expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大;
And it's built to a pretty high standard of design. 然后建成一个高水准的设计.
standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的;
And then you finally get squatter homes like this, which is built on the suburban model. 最后社区将会是这个样子, 这是建在郊区的样板房.
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; suburban:adj.郊区的,城郊的;土气的;见闻不广的;n.郊区居民;
Hey, that's a single family home in the squatter community. 看,那是单独家庭的社区.
That's also in Istanbul, Turkey. 这仍然是在伊斯坦布尔, 土耳其.
They're quite vital places, these communities. 这些社区对他们来说是非常重要的地方.
vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的;
This is the main drag of Rocinha, the Estrada da Gavea, and there's a bus route , that runs through it, lots of people out on the street . 这是荷欣尼亚的交通要到,在埃斯特拉达, 这儿是公交路线.在这穿行着, 许多人露宿街头.
main drag:n.最繁华的街道; route:n.路线;路途;固定线路;途径;v.按某路线发送; out on the street:无家可归;失业;
These communities in these cities are actually more vital than the illegal communities. 这些社区在城市里实际上是至关重要的 比起非法社区.
They have more things going on in them. 他还有更多的作用.
This is a typical pathway in Rocinha called a beco -- these are how you get around the community. 这是一个典型的山路在荷欣尼亚被叫做小塔楼-- 这些都是让你如何到达周围的社区.
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; pathway:n.路,道;途径,路径; get around:到处走走;逃避;说服;传开来(等于getround);有办法应付;有办法应付局面;
It's on very steep ground. 这里地面非常陡峭.
steep:adj.陡峭的;不合理的;夸大的;急剧升降的;v.泡;浸;使…充满;n.峭壁;浸渍;
They're built on the hills, inland from the beaches in Rio, and you can see that the houses are just cantilevered over the natural obstructions . 他们被建在山上,在里约的海滩内陆, 你可以看到那房子仅仅是大自然的悬臂障碍物.
inland:n.内地;内陆;adj.内陆的;内地的;国内的;adv.在内地;向内地;向内陆;在内陆; cantilevered:adj.悬臂式的; obstructions:n.障碍(obstruction的复数);妨碍物;
So, that's just a rock in the hillside . 所以,这只是在山坡上的岩石.
hillside:n.山坡,山腹;山腰;
And these becos are normally very crowded, and people hump furniture up them, or refrigerators up them, all sorts of things. 这些小塔楼屋通常都很集中, 人们运输各种家具,冰箱, 各种各样的生活用品.
normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; hump:n.驼峰;驼背;圆形隆起物;vi.隆起;弓起;努力;急速行进;vt.使隆起;使烦恼; furniture:n.家具;设备;储藏物;
Beer is all carried in on your shoulders. 啤酒都是被抗上来的.
Beer is a very important thing in Brazil . 啤酒对巴西人很重要
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
This is commerce in Kenya, right along the train tracks , so close to the train tracks that the merchants sometimes have to pull the merchandise out of the way. 在肯尼亚这是一项生财之道,沿著火车铁轨, 靠近火车站台这里的商人们 有时不得不把商品拿到偏僻的地方出售.
commerce:n.商业;(尤指国际间的)贸易;商务; tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数) merchants:n.[贸易]商人(merchant的复数); merchandise:n.商品;货品;相关商品;v.推销;(运用广告等)销售;
This is a marketplace , also in Kenya, Toi Market, lots of dealers, in almost everything you want to buy. 这是一个交易集市,在肯尼亚,电话市场 许多商家,在这里你几乎可以买到所有你想要的东西.
marketplace:n.市场;集市;
Those green things in the foreground are mangoes . 这些绿色显眼的东西是芒果.
foreground:n.前景;最显著的位置; mangoes:n.芒果;(mango的复数)
This is a shopping street in Kibera, and you can see that there's a soda dealer , a health clinic , two beauty salons , a bar, two grocery stores, and a church, and more. 这是基贝拉的商业街, 你可以看到汽水经销商,诊所, 两个美容院、酒吧、两个杂货店,和一所教堂,还有更多.
soda:n.苏打;纯碱;苏打汽水(加果味,有时加入冰淇淋);无水碳酸钠; dealer:n.交易商;贸易商;贩毒者;毒品贩子; clinic:n.诊所;临床实习;(医院的)门诊部;门诊时间; salons:n.美容厅;高级服装店;会客室;沙龙;(salon的复数) grocery:n.食品杂货店;食品杂货;
It's a typical downtown street, it just happens to be self-built. 这是典型的市中心,但恰恰是自建房屋.
downtown:n.市区;闹市区;adv.在市区;在热闹街上;到闹市区;adj.闹市区的;
This here, on the right-hand side, is what's called a -- if you look at the fine print under the awning -- it's a hotel. 看这里,右手边上, 也就是我们所说的--如果你仔细看大棚下的小字-- 是一间客栈.
right-hand:adj.得力的;右手的,用右手的; fine print:n.(协议或法律文件中易于被忽略但重要的)小号字印刷的附加条款; awning:n.雨篷;[建]遮阳篷;甲板等上的天篷;
And what hotel means, in Kenya and India, is an eating place. 在肯尼亚和印度客栈的意思是,是吃饭的地方.
So, that's a restaurant. 因此,这是一家餐馆.
People steal electrical power -- this is Rio. 这里是里约人们普遍偷盗电力.
electrical:adj.有关电的;电气科学的;
People tap in and they have thieves who are called grillos or crickets , and they steal the electrical power, and wire the neighborhood. 人们管盗电的人叫做蟑螂或者蟋蟀, 他们偷盗电力, 然后给邻居安装电线.
crickets:n.[昆]蟋蟀(cricket的复数形式);
People burn trash to get rid of the garbage, and they dig their own sewer channels. 他们用焚烧来处理垃圾, 他们自己挖掘下水道.
Talk about more plastic bags than plankton , and sometimes they have natural trash-disposal. 比起浮游生物更令人头疼是塑料袋, 然而有时他们具有天然的垃圾处理器.
plankton:n.浮游生物(总称);
And when they have more money they cement their streets, and they put in sewers and good water-pipes, and stuff like that. 当他们些小钱的时候便会维修社区设施, 维修下水道和安装水泵,诸如此类.
cement:n.水泥;(干燥后硬化的)水泥;胶合剂;胶接剂;v.加强;胶合;
This is water going to Rio, people run their water-pipes all over the place, and that little hut right there has a pump in it, and that's what people do. 这里是去往里约的水域,人们接通了所有的自来水管道, 那儿有一个小木屋,那就是人们所做的.
pump:n.抽水机;泵;打气筒;v.用泵输送;涌出;奔流;快速摇动;
They steal electricity, they install a pump and they tap into the water main , and pump water up to their houses. 他们偷盗电力,安装水泵 挖掘给水总管道,排压到每户人家,
install:v.安装;设置;安置;建立(程序); water main:n.给水干管;总水管;
So, the question is how do you go from the mud-hut village, to the more developed city, to the even highly developed Sultanbelyi? 因此,问题在于你如何从脏乱的小村庄, 发展到一个城市,甚至是高度发达的苏丹贝利吗?
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地;
I say there are two things. 这里我说两件事,
One is people need a guarantee they won't be evicted . 一个人要保证它们不会被逐出.
guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保; evicted:v.驱逐,赶出,逐出;(evict的过去分词和过去式)
That does not necessarily mean property rights, and I would disagree with Hernando de Soto on that question, because property rights create a lot of complications, 这并不一定意味着产权, 在这个问题上我不会同意 Hernando de Soto的观点, 因为财产权存在着很多并发症,
necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
they're most often sold to people, and people then wind up in debt and have to pay back the debt, and sometimes have to sell their property in order to pay back the debt. 他们是最常被出售给他人,人们就会欠下债务和1 必须偿还债务, 有时不得不卖掉他们的财产 来偿还债务.
debt:n.债务;借款;罪过;
There's a whole variety of other reasons why property rights sometimes don't work in these cases, but they do need security of tenure . 这存在着各种不定因素,财产权 有时候是不管用的, 但他们需要保障.
variety:n.多样;种类;杂耍;变化,多样化; tenure:n.任期;占有;vt.授予…终身职位;
And they need access to politics , and that can mean two things. 然而他们需要获得政治,这意味著两件事.
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
That can mean community organizing from below, but it can also mean possibilities from above. 这就意味着服从社区组织, 但它也可能代表着上级的可能性.
organizing:v.组织;安排;处理;分配;管理;(organize的现在分词)
And I say that because the system in Turkey is notable . 我之所以这样说是因为这个系统在Turkey是显著的.
notable:adj.值得注意的,显著的;著名的;n.名人,显要人物;
Turkey has two great laws that protect squatters. 土耳其有两大法律保护房屋.
One is that -- it's called gecekondu in Turkish , which means built overnight , and if you build your house overnight in Turkey, you can't be evicted without due process of law , if they don't catch you during the night. 一是--这是一种被称为棚户在土耳其, 这意味着一夜间建立起来的,并且如果你建立你的房子 在土耳其,没有正当的法律程序你是不能被驱逐出城的, 前提是他们在夜间并没有抓到你.
Turkish:adj.土耳其的;土耳其人的,土耳其语的;突厥诸语言的;n.土耳其语; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上; due process of law:n.正当法律程序(美国公民得到公正待遇的权利,尤指得到公正审判);
And the second aspect is that once you have 2,000 people in the community, you can petition the government to be recognized as a legal sub-municipality. 第二个方面是一旦你有2千人拥护者 在社区里,你可以向政府申请 成立子城市
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; petition:n.请愿;请愿书;祈求;[法]诉状;vi.请愿;请求;vt.请愿;请求;恳求; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式)
And when you're a legal sub-municipality, you suddenly have politics. 当申请获得批准后,你瞬间就有了政治权利.
You're allowed to have an elected government, collect taxes, provide municipal services, and that's exactly what they do. 你将拥有选举权,可以征税 提供市政服务,而这正是他们所做的工作.
municipal:adj.市政的,市的;地方自治的;
So, these are the civic leaders of the future. 看,这是未来的领袖.
civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的;
The woman in the center is Geeta Jiwa. 中间的那个女人是Geeta Jiwa.
She lives in one of those tents on the highway median in Mumbai. 她住在孟买高速公路上的一个帐篷理.
median:n.n.中值,中位数;三角形中线;梯形中位线;adj.中值的;中央的;
That's Sureka Gundi, she also lives with her family on the tent along the same highway median. 那是Sureka Gundi,她和家人住在一起 沿公路上的数个帐篷.
They're very outspoken . They're very active. 他们非常坦率.也非常活跃.
outspoken:adj.坦率的,直言不讳的;
They can be community leaders. 他们是这个社区的领导.
This woman is Nine, which means grandma in Turkish. 这个女人是Nine,她奶奶在土耳其.
and there were three old ladies who lived in -- that's her self-built house behind her -- and they've lived there for 30 or 40 years, and they are the backbone of the community there. 和三个老太太住在一起-- 后边就是她自己建的房屋--他们已经在那生活了三四十年了, 他们是社区里的骨干.
backbone:n.支柱;主干网;决心,毅力;脊椎;
This is Richard Muthama Peter, and he is an itinerant street photographer in Kibera. 这位是Richard Muthama Peter, 他是基贝拉的街拍摄影师.
itinerant:adj.巡回的;流动的;n.巡回者;行商;
He makes money taking pictures of the neighborhood, and the people in the neighborhood and is a great resource in the community. 他为邻居拍照赚钱, 对于街坊邻居 这是一个巨大的资源
resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备);
And finally my choice to run for mayor of Rio is Cezinio, the fruit merchant with his two kids here, and a more honest and giving and caring man I don't know. 最后,我选择的竞选市长在里约, 水果商和他的两个孩子 一个我不怎么了解的坦率和及有爱心的男士.
mayor:n.市长;镇长;
The future of these communities is in the people and in our ability to work with those people. 未来社区的人们 我们尽所能与这些人一起工作.
So, I think the message I take, from what I read from the book, from what Armstrong said, and from all these people, is that these are neighborhoods. 因此,我认为我带来的这些信息,是来自于我对这本书的理解, Armstrong说,这些人, 这些街坊邻居.
The issue is not urban poverty . 问题不在于城市贫困与否.
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
The issue is not the larger over-arching thing. 问题也不是着急就可以解决的.
over-arching:首要的;贯穿整体;涵盖范围广的;
The issue is for us to recognize that these are neighborhoods. 问题是我们要接受这是一个社区.
This is a legitimate form of urban development, and that cities have to engage these residents , because they are building the cities of the future. 这是一个合法的形式的城市发展, 然而城市需要对公民承诺, 因为这关系到城市的未来.
legitimate:adj.合法的;正当的;合理的;正统的;v.使合法;认为正当(等于legitimize); residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数)
Thank you very much. 非常感谢.