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RobertGupta_2012P-_音乐与医学_
(Music) [00:20]
(Applause) [02:35]
Thank you very much. (Applause) [02:38]
Thank you. It's a distinct privilege to be here. [02:43]
distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的; privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
A few weeks ago, I saw a video on YouTube of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords at the early stages of her recovery from one of those awful bullets . [02:47]
Congresswoman:n.(美)国会女议员;众议院女议员; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获; bullets:n.子弹;弹丸;(bullet的复数)
This one entered her left hemisphere , and knocked out her Broca's area, the speech center of her brain. [02:56]
hemisphere:n.半球;
And in this session , Gabby 's working with a speech therapist , and she's struggling to produce some of the most basic words, and you can see her growing more and more devastated , until she ultimately [03:01]
session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会; Gabby:adj.饶舌的,多嘴的; therapist:n.临床医学家;治疗学家; devastated:adj.不安的,混乱的,震惊的; v.彻底破坏; (devastate的过去分词和过去式) ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
breaks down into sobbing tears, and she starts sobbing wordlessly into the arms of her therapist. [03:13]
sobbing:v.哭诉;泣诉;抽噎着说;(sob的现在分词)
And after a few moments, her therapist tries a new tack , and they start singing together, and Gabby starts to sing through her tears, and you can hear her clearly able to enunciate [03:20]
tack:n.方针;方法;大头钉;v.抢风行驶;钉住; enunciate:vt.发音;阐明;宣布;vi.阐明;清晰地发音;
the words to a song that describe the way she feels, and she sings, in one descending scale , she sings, "Let it shine, let it shine, let it shine." [03:29]
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; descending:adj.下降的,递减的;v.下来;下去;下降;降临;来临(descend的现在分词) scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
And it's a very powerful and poignant reminder of how the beauty of music has the ability to speak where words fail, in this case literally speak. [03:38]
poignant:adj.尖锐的;辛酸的;深刻的;切中要害的; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
Seeing this video of Gabby Giffords reminded me of the work of Dr. Gottfried Schlaug, one of the preeminent neuroscientists studying music and the brain at Harvard , and Schlaug is a proponent of a therapy called [03:49]
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式) preeminent:adj.卓越的;超群的; neuroscientists:n.神经系统科学家; Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; proponent:n.支持者;建议者;提出认证遗嘱者; therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
Melodic Intonation Therapy, which has become very popular in music therapy now. [04:00]
Melodic:adj.有旋律的;音调优美的; Intonation:声调,语调
Schlaug found that his stroke victims who were aphasic , could not form sentences of three- or four-word sentences, but they could still sing the lyrics to a song, whether it was "Happy Birthday To You" [04:05]
stroke:n.中风;笔画;钟声;抚摩;v.抚摩(动物的毛皮);轻抚;轻挪;轻触; aphasic:adj.失语症的,患失语症的;n.失语症患者; lyrics:n.歌词;抒情诗(lyric的复数);
or their favorite song by the Eagles or the Rolling Stones. [04:19]
And after 70 hours of intensive singing lessons, he found that the music was able to literally rewire the brains of his patients and create a homologous speech center in their right hemisphere to compensate for the left hemisphere's damage. [04:22]
intensive:adj.加强的;集中的;透彻的;加强语气的;n.加强器; rewire:vt.给…再打电报;给…换新电线;vi.再发电报;重装电线; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) homologous:adj.相应的;[生物]同源的;类似的;一致的; compensate:v.补偿,赔偿;抵消;
When I was 17, I visited Dr. Schlaug's lab, and in one afternoon he walked me through some of the leading research on music and the brain -- how musicians had [04:36]
fundamentally different brain structure than non-musicians, how music, and listening to music, could just light up the entire brain, from our prefrontal cortex all the way back to our cerebellum , how music was becoming a neuropsychiatric modality [04:46]
fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地 structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; prefrontal:adj.[解剖]前额的;额叶前部的;n.[解剖]额前骨; cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮; cerebellum:n.[解剖]小脑; neuropsychiatric:神经精神系统;神经精神病学的;神经精神性; modality:n.形式,形态;程序;物理疗法;主要的感觉;
to help children with autism , to help people struggling with stress and anxiety and depression , how deeply Parkinsonian patients would find that their tremor [04:59]
autism:n.[心理][内科]孤独症;自我中心主义; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; tremor:n.[医]震颤;颤动;
and their gait would steady when they listened to music, and how late-stage Alzheimer's patients, whose dementia was so far progressed that they could no longer recognize [05:09]
gait:n.步法,步态;v.训练步法; steady:adj.稳定的; v.使稳定; v.稳定地; n.关系固定的情侣; dementia:n.[内科]痴呆; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
their family, could still pick out a tune by Chopin at the piano that they had learned when they were children. [05:19]
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐; Chopin:n.肖邦(波兰钢琴家);
But I had an ulterior motive of visiting Gottfried Schlaug, and it was this: that I was at a crossroads in my life, trying to choose between music and medicine. [05:25]
ulterior:adj.将来的,较远的;在那边的;隐秘不明的; motive:n.动机; adj.发动的; v.同"motivate"; crossroads:n.十字路口;交叉路口;聚会的中心地点(crossroad的复数形式);
I had just completed my undergraduate , and I was working as a research assistant at the lab of Dennis Selkoe, studying Parkinson's disease at Harvard, and I had fallen in love with neuroscience . I wanted to become a surgeon . [05:34]
undergraduate:n.本科生; neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等); surgeon:n.外科医生;
I wanted to become a doctor like Paul Farmer or Rick Hodes, these kind of fearless men who go into places like Haiti or Ethiopia and work with AIDS patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis , or with children with disfiguring cancers . [05:46]
fearless:adj.无畏的;大胆的; Haiti:n.海地; Ethiopia:n.埃塞俄比亚; multidrug-resistant:多药耐药; tuberculosis:n.肺结核;结核病; disfiguring:v.损毁…的外形;使变丑;毁容;(disfigure的现在分词) cancers:n.癌; (Cancers是cancer的复数)
I wanted to become that kind of Red Cross doctor, that doctor without borders. [06:01]
On the other hand , I had played the violin my entire life. [06:06]
On the other hand:另一方面;
Music for me was more than a passion . It was obsession . [06:09]
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒; obsession:n.痴迷;困扰;[内科][心理]强迫观念;
It was oxygen. I was lucky enough to have studied at the Juilliard School in Manhattan, and to have played my debut with Zubin Mehta and the Israeli philharmonic orchestra in Tel Aviv, and it turned out that Gottfried Schlaug [06:13]
debut:n.初次登台;开张;vi.初次登台; Israeli:adj.以色列的;以色列人的;n.以色列人; philharmonic:n.交响乐团;音乐爱好者;爱乐团体;adj.交响乐团的;爱好音乐的; orchestra:n.管弦乐队;乐队演奏处;
had studied as an organist at the Vienna Conservatory , but had given up his love for music to pursue a career in medicine. And that afternoon, I had to ask him, "How was it for you making that decision?" [06:26]
organist:n.风琴演奏者; Conservatory:n.温室;音乐学校;adj.有保存力的;保存性的; pursue:v.继续;从事;追赶;纠缠; career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历;
And he said that there were still times when he wished he could go back and play the organ the way he used to, and that for me, medical school could wait, but that the violin simply would not. [06:38]
And after two more years of studying music, I decided to shoot for the impossible before taking the MCAT and applying to medical school like a good Indian son to become the next Dr. Gupta. (Laughter) [06:48]
applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词)
And I decided to shoot for the impossible and I took an audition for the esteemed Los Angeles Philharmonic. [06:59]
audition:n.试演,试唱,试音;v.试演;试唱;试音;面试; esteemed:adj.受人尊敬的;v.尊敬;认为;(esteem的过去分词);
It was my first audition, and after three days of playing behind a screen in a trial week, I was offered the position. [07:05]
And it was a dream. It was a wild dream to perform in an orchestra, to perform in the iconic Walt Disney Concert Hall in an orchestra conducted now by the famous Gustavo Dudamel, but much more importantly to me to be surrounded [07:11]
perform:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好); iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; Walt:adj.空心的; Disney:n.迪斯尼(美国动画影片制作家及制片人); conducted:v.组织;安排;实施;执行;指挥;带领;引导;(conduct的过去分词和过去式)
by musicians and mentors that became my new family, my new musical home. [07:25]
mentors:n.导师,教练(mentor复数);
But a year later, I met another musician who had also studied at Juilliard, one who profoundly helped me find my voice and shaped my identity as a musician. [07:32]
profoundly:adv.深刻地;深深地;极度地; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
Nathaniel Ayers was a double bassist at Juilliard, but he suffered a series of psychotic episodes in his early 20s, was treated with thorazine at Bellevue , [07:43]
bassist:n.低音歌手; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; psychotic:adj.精神病的;n.精神病患者;疯子; episodes:n.一段经历;片段,插曲;一集;(episode的复数) treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) thorazine:n.[有化][药]氯丙嗪; Bellevue:n.贝尔维尤;
and ended up living homeless on the streets of Skid Row in downtown Los Angeles 30 years later. [07:52]
Skid Row:n.贫民区; downtown:n.市区;闹市区;adv.在市区;在热闹街上;到闹市区;adj.闹市区的;
Nathaniel's story has become a beacon for homelessness and mental health advocacy throughout the United States, as told through the book and the movie "The Soloist ," [07:58]
beacon:n.灯塔; v.像灯塔般照耀; homelessness:n.无家可归; advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) Soloist:n.独奏者;独唱者;
but I became his friend, and I became his violin teacher, and I told him that wherever he had his violin, and wherever I had mine, I would play a lesson with him. [08:07]
And on the many times I saw Nathaniel on Skid Row, [08:15]
I witnessed how music was able to bring him back from his very darkest moments, from what seemed to me in my untrained eye to be the beginnings of a schizophrenic episode. [08:18]
witnessed:v.当场看到,目击;见证;作证;(witness的过去式和过去分词) untrained:adj.未经训练的; schizophrenic:adj.精神分裂症的;n.精神分裂症的患者;
Playing for Nathaniel, the music took on a deeper meaning, because now it was about communication, a communication where words failed, a communication of a message that went deeper than words, that registered [08:30]
registered:adj.登记过的;记名的;挂号的;v.登记;注册;(register的过去式和过去分词)
at a fundamentally primal level in Nathaniel's psyche , yet came as a true musical offering from me. [08:42]
primal:adj.原始的; n.被压抑童年情绪的释放; vt.释放(被压抑的童年情绪); psyche:n.灵魂;心智;
I found myself growing outraged that someone like Nathaniel could have ever been homeless on Skid Row because of his mental illness, yet how many tens of thousands of others there were out there on Skid Row alone [08:50]
outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的;v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词);
who had stories as tragic as his, but were never going to have a book or a movie made about them that got them off the streets? [09:04]
tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的;
And at the very core of this crisis of mine, I felt somehow the life of music had chosen me, where somehow, perhaps possibly in a very naive sense, I felt what Skid Row re ally needed was somebody like Paul Farmer and not another classical musician playing on Bunker Hill. [09:11]
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; ally:n.盟友;同盟国;v.与…结盟 classical:adj.古典的;经典的;传统的;第一流的;n.古典音乐;
But in the end, it was Nathaniel who showed me that if I was truly passionate about change, if I wanted to make a difference , I already had the perfect instrument to do it, that music was the bridge that connected my world and his. [09:29]
passionate:adj.热情的;热烈的,激昂的;易怒的; make a difference:有影响,有关系; instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
There's a beautiful quote by the Romantic German composer Robert Schumann, who said, "To send light into the darkness of men's hearts, such is the duty of the artist." [09:43]
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; Romantic:adj.浪漫的;爱情的;n.浪漫的人;耽于幻想的人; composer:n.作曲家;作家,著作者;设计者;
And this is a particularly poignant quote because Schumann himself suffered from schizophrenia and died in asylum . [09:55]
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; schizophrenia:n.[内科]精神分裂症; asylum:n.庇护;收容所,救济院;
And inspired by what I learned from Nathaniel, [10:02]
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
I started an organization on Skid Row of musicians called Street Symphony , bringing the light of music into the very darkest places, performing for the homeless and mentally ill at shelters and clinics on Skid Row, performing for combat veterans [10:05]
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Symphony:n.交响乐;谐声,和声; performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词) clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式);
with post-traumatic stress disorder , and for the incarcerated and those labeled as criminally insane . [10:19]
post-traumatic stress disorder:n.创伤后精神紧张性障碍; incarcerated:v.监禁;关押;禁闭;(incarcerate的过去式和过去分词) labeled:adj.有标签的; v.示踪; (label的过去分词和过去式) criminally:adv.刑法上;犯了罪地,有罪地; insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的;
After one of our events at the Patton State Hospital in San Bernardino, a woman walked up to us and she had tears streaming down her face, and she had a palsy , she was shaking, and she had this gorgeous smile, and she said that she had never heard classical music before, [10:27]
Patton:n.巴顿将军(美国二战名将); palsy:n.麻痹,麻痹状态;中风;vt.麻痹;使瘫痪; gorgeous:adj.华丽的,灿烂的;极好的;
she didn't think she was going to like it, she had never heard a violin before, but that hearing this music was like hearing the sunshine , and that nobody ever came to visit them, and that for the first time in six years, when she heard us play, she stopped shaking without medication . [10:41]
sunshine:n.阳光;日光;欢乐;幸福 medication:n.药;药物;
Suddenly, what we're finding with these concerts, away from the stage, away from the footlights , out of the tuxedo tails, the musicians become the conduit for delivering the tremendous therapeutic benefits [10:56]
footlights:n.脚灯,脚光(舞台前缘灯); tuxedo:n.男士无尾半正式晚礼服;无尾礼服; conduit:n.[电]导管;沟渠;导水管; tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; therapeutic:adj.治疗的;治疗学的;有益于健康的;n.治疗剂;治疗学家;
of music on the brain to an audience that would never have access to this room, would never have access to the kind of music that we make. [11:09]
Just as medicine serves to heal more than the building blocks of the body alone, the power and beauty of music transcends the "E" [11:19]
heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 building blocks:(儿童玩的)积木;建筑砌块;堆积木;建筑砖块;基石; transcends:vt.胜过,超越;
in the middle of our beloved acronym . [11:30]
beloved:adj.心爱的;挚爱的;n.心爱的人;亲爱的教友; acronym:n.首字母缩略词;
Music transcends the aesthetic beauty alone. [11:33]
aesthetic:adj.美的;美学的;审美的,具有审美趣味的;
The synchrony of emotions that we experience when we hear an opera by Wagner, or a symphony by Brahms, or chamber music by Beethoven , compels us to remember our shared, common humanity , the deeply communal [11:36]
synchrony:n.同步; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本; chamber music:n.室内乐(为小型乐队谱写的古典乐曲); Beethoven:n.贝多芬(德国作曲家); compels:v.强迫; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; communal:adj.公共的;公社的;
connected consciousness , the empathic consciousness that neuropsychiatrist Iain McGilchrist says is hard-wired into our brain's right he misphere. [11:50]
consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; empathic:adj.移情作用的;神入的; neuropsychiatrist:n.[内科]神经精神病学家;
And for those living in the most dehumanizing conditions of mental illness within homelessness and incarceration , the music and the beauty of music offers a chance for them to transcend the world around them, [12:00]
dehumanizing:vt.使成兽性;使失掉人性; incarceration:n.监禁;下狱;禁闭;
to remember that they still have the capacity to experience something beautiful and that humanity has not forgotten them. [12:13]
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
And the spark of that beauty, the spark of that humanity transforms into hope, and we know, whether we choose the path of music or of medicine, that's the very first thing we must instill within our communities , within our audiences, if we want to inspire healing from within. [12:20]
spark:n.火花;电火花;火星;活力;v.引发;触发;冒火花;飞火星; transforms:v.[数][电]变换; n.语法转化规则; instill:vt.徐徐滴入;逐渐灌输; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) healing:n.康复; adj.痊愈中的; v.(使)康复,复原; (heal的现在分词)
I'd like to end with a quote by John Keats , the Romantic English poet, a very famous quote that I'm sure all of you know. [12:38]
Keats:n.济慈(英国诗人);
Keats himself had also given up a career in medicine to pursue poetry , but he died when he was a year older than me. [12:46]
poetry:n.诗;诗意,诗情;诗歌艺术;
And Keats said, "Beauty is truth, and truth beauty. [12:52]
That is all ye know on Earth, and all ye need to know." [12:57]
(Music) [13:07]
(Applause) [15:51]