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RobertBallard_2008-_深海探险_
The first question is this. 请听第一个问题。
Our country has two exploration programs. 美国有两个探险计划。
exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术;
One is NASA with a mission to explore the great beyond, to explore the heavens, which we all want to go to if we're lucky. 一个是美国宇航局的,担负着探索来世、 探索天堂的使命。要是幸运的话,我们都想去。
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
And you can see we have Sputnik , and we have a Saturn and we have other manifestations of space exploration. 你们可以发现,我们有人造地球卫星,我们有“土星”运载火箭, 还有空间探险的其他证明。
Sputnik:n.人造卫星(前苏联制造); Saturn:n.[天]土星;农业之神(罗马神话中的一个形象); manifestations:n.临床表现(manifestion的复数);显示;证明;
Well, there's also another program in another agency within our government, in ocean exploration. 噢,对了,在我们政府的另一个机构里, 还有另外一个计划——海洋勘探。
agency:n.代理,中介;代理处,经销处;
It's in NOAA, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 海洋勘探由NOAA,也就是国家海洋与大气管理局负责。
Oceanic:adj.海洋的;海洋产出的;在海洋中生活的;广阔无垠的; Atmospheric:adj.大气的,大气层的;
And my question is this -- "Why are we ignoring the oceans?" 我的问题是:我们为什么忽视海洋？
ignoring:v.忽略,忽视;(ignore的现在分词);
Here's the reason, or not the reason but here's why I ask that question. 理由是,或者不成其为理由,只是我为什么要问这个问题的理由。
If you compare NASA's annual budget to explore the heavens, that one year budget would fund NOAA's budget to explore the oceans for 1,600 years. 美国宇航局探测太空的年度预算 与国家海洋与大气管理局的预算比起来, 足够海洋勘探计划进行1,600年。
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助;
Why? Why are we looking up? Is it because it's heaven? 为什么？为什么我们总是抬头望天？是因为天堂在上,
And hell is down here? Is it a cultural issue ? 而地狱在下？这是一个文化问题吗？
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
Why are people afraid of the ocean? 为什么人们害怕海洋？
Or do they just assume the ocean is just a dark, gloomy place that has nothing to offer? 或者,他们只是在推测,海洋不过是一个黑暗、沉闷、 没有什么东西可以给我们的地方？
assume:v.承担;假定;采取;呈现; gloomy:adj.黑暗的;沮丧的;阴郁的;
I'm going to take you on a 16 minute trip on 72 percent of the planet, so buckle up. 我要带你们到占地球表面积百分之72的地方进行16分钟的旅行,好了,请系好安全带。
buckle:n.搭扣;(皮带等的)锁扣;v.(使)搭扣扣住;(被)压垮;双腿发软
OK. And what we're going to do, is we're going to immerse ourselves in my world. 很好。下面我们将要做的, 就是要把我们自己沉浸在我的世界里。
immerse:vt.沉浸;使陷入;
And what I'm going to try -- I hope I make the following points. 而且我打算尝试,我希望解释以下几点。
I'm going to make it right now in case I forget -- is everything I'm going to present to you was not in my textbooks when I went to school. 我打算现在就解释,以免忘了。 我将要呈现到你们面前的一切, 不在我念书时的教科书里。
And most of all, it was not even in my college textbooks. 尤其是,甚至不在我的大学教科书里。
I'm a geophysicist and all my earth science books when I was a student, 我是一个地球物理学者,我还是一名学生的时候,就学了所有的地球科学教科书,
geophysicist:n.[地物]地球物理学者; earth science:n.地学(包括地理学和地质学);
I had to give the wrong answer to get an A. 为了得到一个A,我不得不给出一个错误的答案。
We used to ridicule continental drift . It was something we laughed at. 我们过去常常嘲笑大陆漂移说。那是我们曾经嘲笑的东西。
ridicule:vt.嘲笑;嘲弄;愚弄;n.嘲笑;笑柄;愚弄; continental drift:n.大陆漂移;
We learned of Marshall Kay's geosynclinal cycle, which is a bunch of crap . 我们学了马歇尔.凯的构造循环,那就是一派胡言乱语。
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; crap:n.废话;废物;屎;拉屎;vi.掷骰子;拉屎;
In today's context it was a bunch of crap, but it was the law of geology , vertical tectonics. 在今天的语境中,它是一派胡言。 但当时它就是地质学定律,即地壳垂直运动构造理论。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; geology:n.地质学;地质情况; vertical:n.垂直线;垂直位置;adj.竖的;垂直的;直立的;纵向的;
All the things we're going to walk through in our explorations and discoveries of the oceans were mostly discoveries made by accident. 在我们进行海洋探险和发现的 整个过程中, 大多数发现都是偶然得到的。
explorations:n.探索;探险(exploration的复数);勘查;[医]探察术;
Mostly discoveries made by accident. 大多数发现纯系偶然。
We were looking for something and found something else. 我们在寻找某件东西,却发现了别的东西。
And everything we're going to talk about represents a one 10th of one percent glimpse , because that's all we've seen. 而我们将要谈到的一切 不过是冰山一角,因为这就是我们所看到的全部。
represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数) glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹;
I have a characterization . 我这儿有一个描绘。
characterization:n.描述;特性描述;
This is a characterization of what it would look like if you could remove the water. 如果你能去掉水,它看起来就是这个样子。
It gives you the false impression it's a map. 你以为这是一张地图。
impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想;
It is not a map. 这不是地图。
In fact, I have another version at my office and I ask people, "Why are there mountains here on this area here but there are none over here?" And they go, "Well, gee, 事实上,我办公室有另一个版本, 我会问大家:“为什么这片区域有山脉, 但这上方什么也没有哇？”他们会走上前,“什么？咦！
I don't know," saying, "Is it a fracture zone? Is it a hot spot?" 不知道,”他们答道。 “这是一个断裂带吗？是一个热点吗？”
fracture:n.(指事实)骨折;(指状态)断裂;破裂;v.(使)断裂;破裂;(使)分裂;
No, no, that's the only place a ship's been. 不,不,这只是一艘船所在的地方。
Most of the southern hemisphere is unexplored . 南半球大多数地方尚未勘探。
hemisphere:n.半球; unexplored:adj.[地质]未勘查过的;
We had more exploration ships down there during Captain Cook's time than now. It's amazing. 库克船长时代去那些海域探险的船只 比现在要多。这太令人吃惊了。
All right. So we're going to immerse ourselves in the 72 percent of the planet because, you know, it's really naive to think that the Easter Bunny put all the resources on the continents . 很好,现在我们要沉浸到 占地球表面积72%的地方去了,你知道, 认为复活节兔子会把所有的资源 都放到欧洲,这种想法实在是太天真了。
naive:adj.天真的,幼稚的; Bunny:n.(儿语)兔子 resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); continents:n.[地理]大陆,大洲(continent复数);
(Laughter) （笑声）
You know, it's just ludicrous . 你知道,这简直是荒谬的。
ludicrous:adj.滑稽的;荒唐的;
We are always constantly playing the zero sum game. 我们总是在不断地玩着零和游戏。
constantly:adv.不断地;时常地;
You know, we're going to take it away from something else. 要知道,我们打算把它从某些别的东西上拿开。
I believe in just enriching the economy . 我相信,经济就要充实起来。
enriching:v.使丰富,充实;使饱含(某物);使富有;(enrich的现在分词) economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
And we're leaving so much on the table, 72 percent of the planet. 而我们竟要把占地球表面积72%,如此巨大的版图,闲置起来。
And as I will point out later in the presentation , 50 percent of the United States of America lies beneath the sea. 同样地,在稍后的报告中,我将指出, 美利坚合众国的50%,躺在海底。
presentation:n.展示;描述,陈述;介绍;赠送; United States of America:un.美利坚合众国; beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
50 percent of our country that we own, have all legal jurisdiction , have all rights to do whatever we want, lies beneath the sea and we have better maps of Mars than that 50 percent. 对国家的这50%,我们有着全部的合法的管辖权, 这片我们想干什么就干什么的版图,竟然躺在海底, 因为我们有比这50%更好的火星地图！
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; jurisdiction:n.司法权,审判权,管辖权;权限,权力; Mars:n.火星
Why? OK. Now, I began my explorations the hard way. 为什么？好了,现在,我开始了我艰难的探索之旅。
Back then -- actually my first expedition was when I was 17 years old. It was 49 years ago. 回到那时——实际上,我的第一次探险 是在我17岁的时候。那是49年前。
expedition:n.远征;探险队;迅速;
Do the math , I'm 66. And I went out to sea on a Scripps ship and we almost got sunk by a giant rogue wave, and I was too young to be -- you know, I thought it was great! 我算算,我现在是66岁了。那时我们乘着一艘小船出海, 我们几乎在巨浪中沉没, 我的确是太年轻了,你知道,我觉得真是棒极了！
Do the math:盘算一下; giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 rogue:n.流氓; v.游手好闲; adj.(野兽)凶猛的;
I was a body surfer and I thought, "Wow, that was an incredible wave!" 我是个冲浪运动员,这时我想,“哇,真是难以置信的大浪！”
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
And we almost sunk the ship, but I became enraptured with mounting expeditions . And over the last 49 years 我们差点把船弄沉,但我却为越来越多的探险而欣喜若狂。 在过去的整整49年中,
enraptured:adj.狂喜的;著迷的;v.狂喜(enrapture的过去式); mounting:n.安装;固定;悬挂;adj.上升的;增长的;v.准备;安排;登上;(mount的现在分词) expeditions:n.探险(expedition的复数);远征;
I've done about 120, 121 -- I keep doing them -- expeditions. 我已进行了大约120次、121次探险,我没间断地在做这件事。
But in the early days the only way I could get to the bottom was to crawl into a submarine , a very small submarine , and go down to the bottom. 但早年,我能够去到海底的唯一途径 就是爬进一艘潜艇,一艘很小的潜艇, 然后下到海底。
early days:初期;为时尚早;前期; crawl:v.爬;匍匐行进;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进;n.爬泳;缓慢的速度;自由泳; submarine:n.潜艇;adj.水下的;海底的v.用潜艇攻击;驾驶潜艇;
I dove in a whole series of different deep diving submersibles . 我潜过全部不同的深潜器。
dove:n.鸽子;鸽派人士;v.潜水(dive的过去式); series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; diving:n.潜水;跳水;跳水运动;v.下潜;跳水;潜水;(dive的现在分词) submersibles:adj.能潜水的;能沉入水中的;
Alvin and Sea Cliff and Cyana, and all the major deep submersibles we have, which are about eight. 阿尔文号、海崖号和喜鹊号, 以及我们拥有的全部主要的深潜器,大约8艘。
Cliff:n.悬崖;绝壁;
In fact, on a good day we might have four or five human beings at the average depth of the earth -- maybe four or five human beings out of whatever billions we've got going. 事实上,在一个风和日丽的日子,我们可能有四、五个人 在地球的平均深度上—— 也许是几十亿人中的四、五个人开始行动了。
And so it's very difficult to get there if you do it physically. 所以如果你真要行动,到那儿去,那是非常困难的。
But I was enraptured, and in my graduate years was the dawn of plate tectonics . And we realized that the greatest mountain range on earth lies beneath the sea. 但我却喜不自胜,因为我毕业的年代 正处在板块构造学的萌芽期。那时我们意识到 地球上最大的山脉躺在海底。
dawn:n.黎明;开端;vt.破晓;出现;被领悟; plate tectonics:n.板块运动;板块构造学;大地构造学;
The Mid Ocean Ridge runs around like the seam on a baseball. 大洋中脊就像环绕在棒球上的接缝。
Ridge:n.山脊;山脉;屋脊;vt.使成脊状;作垄;vi.成脊状; seam:n.缝;接缝;vt.缝合;接合;使留下伤痕;vi.裂开;产生裂缝;
This is on a Mercator projection . 这是在墨卡托投影上。
Mercator projection:n.墨卡托地图投影(一种传统的世界地图投影,其中一些国家的面积失真);
But if you were to put it on an equal area projection, you'd see that the mid-ocean ridge covers 23 percent of the earth's total surface area. 但要是你要把它放到一个等积投影上, 你就会发现,大洋中脊覆盖了 地球总表面积的23%。
mid-ocean:adj.海洋中部的;n.海中央;
Almost a quarter of our planet is a single mountain range and we didn't enter it until after Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin went to the moon. 我们这个行星的几乎四分之一是一条单独的山脉, 然而,直到尼尔.阿姆斯特朗 和巴兹·奥尔德林登月之后,我们才进入这条山脉。
Armstrong:n.阿姆斯特朗(美国宇航员,登月第一人); Buzz:n.嗡嗡声; v.发出嗡嗡声; Aldrin:n.[农药]艾氏剂;阿耳德林(一种杀虫剂);
So we went to the moon, played golf up there, before we went to the largest feature on our own planet. 所以,在去到我们自己的行星上最大的地貌之前, 我们就到了月球,在那上面玩高尔夫了。
And our interest in this mountain range, as earth scientists in those days was not only because of its tremendous size dominating the planet, but the role it plays in the genesis of the earth's outer skin. 在那些日子里,做为地球科学家,我们之所以对于这条山脉感兴趣, 不仅由于它的在这个行星上硕大无朋, 而且由于它在地球外壳的起源上所起的作用。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; dominating:adj.个性强势的; v.支配; (dominate的现在分词) genesis:n.发生;起源; outer:adj.外面的,外部的;远离中心的;n.环外命中;
Because it's along the axis of the mid-ocean ridge where the great crustal plates are separating. 因为这条山脉的走向正沿着大洋中脊的轴线, 在那儿,巨大的地壳板块正在分裂。
axis:n.轴;轴线;轴心国;
And like a living organism , you tear it open it bleeds its molten blood, rises up to heal that wound from the asthenosphere, hardens , forms new tissue and moves laterally . 就像一个活体,你把它撕开, 它流着炽热的鲜血,奋起治愈岩流圈的创伤, 然后变硬,形成新的组织,再向两侧运动。
organism:n.生物;有机体;有机组织;(尤指)微生物; bleeds:v.[印刷]出血(bleed的第三人称单数); n.出血版; molten:adj.熔化的;铸造的;炽热的;v.换毛;脱毛(molt的过去分词); heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 wound:n.创伤,伤口;v.使受伤;受伤,伤害; hardens:vi.变硬,变坚固; vt.使…变硬; tissue:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织; laterally:adv.旁边地;
But no one had actually gone down into the actual site of the boundary of creation as we call it -- into the Rift Valley -- until a group of seven of us 但没有人能真的下去, 进入那个撕裂的边界的现场 进入我们称为大裂谷的地方——
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; Rift Valley:n.地堑;裂谷;
crawled in our little submarines in the summer of 1973/1974 and were the first human beings to enter the Great Rift Valley. 直到1973年和1974年的夏天,我们一行7人爬进小潜艇, 于是,我们成为进入大裂谷的第一批人。
crawled:v.爬;爬行;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进(crawl的过去分词和过去式) submarines:n.潜艇;(submarine的第三人称单数和复数)
We went down into the Rift Valley, this is all accurate except for one thing -- it's pitch black. 我们潜到海底进入大裂谷, 除了一件事——这里一片漆黑,一切都准确无误。
accurate:adj.精确的; for one thing:首先;一则; pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
It's absolutely pitch black because photons cannot reach the average depth of the ocean, which is 12,000 feet. In the Rift Valley it's 9,000 feet. 这里是绝对的黑暗, 因为光子无法到达海洋的平均深度—— 12,000英尺。大裂谷是9,000英尺。
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; photons:n.[物]光子;[量子]光量子(photon的复数);
Most of our planet does not feel the warmth of the sun. 地球的大部分地方感觉不到太阳的温暖。
Most of our planet is in eternal darkness. 我们行星的大部分区域处于永恒的黑暗中。
eternal:adj.永恒的;不朽的;
And for that reason you do not have photosynthesis in the deep sea. 因此,在深海没有光合作用。
photosynthesis:n.光合作用;
And with the absence of photosynthesis you have no plant life, and as a result , you have very little animal life living in this underworld . 由于没有光合作用, 就没有植物,因此, 也就极少有动物生活在这片深海中。
absence:n.没有;缺乏;缺席;不注意; as a result:结果; underworld:n.黑社会;地狱;下层社会;尘世;
Or so we thought. And so in our initial explorations we were totally focused on exploring the boundary of creation, looking at the volcanic features running along that entire 42,000 miles. 我们大概就是这样想的。所以在我们最初的探险中, 我们把全部精力集中在勘测正在形成的边界上, 研究贯穿整个42,000英里的火山地貌。
initial:adj.最初的; n.(名字的)首字母; v.用姓名的首字母作标记(或签名)于; exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) volcanic:adj.火山的;猛烈的;易突然发作的;n.火山岩;
Running along this entire 42,000 miles are tens of thousands of active volcanoes . 在这整个42,000英里的延伸线上, 是数以万计的活火山。
volcanoes:n.火山爆发,火山;火山群(volcano复数);
Tens of thousands of active volcanoes. 数以万计的活火山。
There are more active volcanoes beneath the sea than on land by two orders of magnitude . 海底比陆上有 多两个数量级的活火山。
magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度;
So it's a phenomenally active region , it's not just a dark boring place. It's a very alive place. 所以,这里显然是一个非常活跃的区域, 而非一个黑暗乏味的地方。这是一个很有生气的地方。
phenomenally:adv.现象上地;明白地;从感官认识到; region:n.地区;范围;部位; boring:adj.无聊的;令人厌烦的;n.钻孔;v.使厌烦;钻孔;(bore的现在分词)
And it's then being ripped open. 但那时,它正在被撕裂开。
But we were dealing with a particular scientific issue back then. 但回到那时,我们正涉及到一个特殊的科学问题。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
We couldn't understand why you had a mountain under tension . 我们无法理解,为什么张力下会产生一座山脉。
tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧;
In plate tectonic theory we knew that if you had plates collide , it made sense, they would crush into one another, you would thicken the crust , you'd uplift it. 在板块构造理论中,我们知道,如果板块相撞, 这讲得通,它们会相互挤压进对方, 外壳会变厚,会抬高。
collide:vi.碰撞;抵触,冲突;vt.使碰撞;使相撞; crush:v.压碎;弄皱,变形;使…挤入;n.粉碎;迷恋;压榨;拥挤的人群; thicken:vt.使变厚;使模糊;使…变复杂;vi.变浓;变厚;变得模糊;变粗;变复杂; crust:n.壳;表面;厚颜无耻;[美国]雪壳;v.用外皮覆盖;结成硬皮;生痂儿;形成硬壳; uplift:vt.提高;抬起;vi.提高;上升;升起;n.举起,抬起;道德的向上;精神的高涨;
That's why you get, you know, you get sea shells up on Mount Everest . 这就是为什么,你知道,你会在珠峰上捡到海贝的原因。
shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数) Everest:n.珠穆朗玛峰(世界最高峰);
It's not a flood, it was pushed up there. 它不是因为洪水,它是被推上那儿的。
We understood mountains under compression , but we could not understand why we had a mountain under tension. 我们理解挤压作用下的山脉, 但我们无法理解为什么张力下也会形成山脉。
compression:n.压缩,浓缩;压榨,压迫;
It should not be. Until one of my colleagues said, "It looks to me like a thermal blister , and the Mid Ocean Ridge must be a cooling curve ." We said, "Let's go find out." 不应该是这样的。直到我的一位同事说, “在我看来,这就像是一个热气泡,大洋中脊 一定是一条冷却曲线。”我们说,“我们去找。”
colleagues:n.同事;同行(colleague的复数); thermal:adj.热的;热量的;保热的;n.上升的热气流; blister:n.水泡;水疱;气泡;v.(使)起疱;爆裂;猛烈抨击;严厉批评 curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形;
We punched a bunch of heat probes . Everything made sense, except at the axis there was missing heat. It was missing heat. 我们施放了大量探热仪。一切都顺理成章, 除了在轴线上有丢失热的现象外。它正在丢失热。
punched:v.拳打;以拳痛击;给…打孔;按(键);(punch的过去分词和过去式) probes:n.探索; v.探查;
It was hot. It wasn't hot enough. 它是热的,但不够热。
So we came up with multiple hypotheses , there's little green people down there taking it. 所以我们提出了多种假设, 有小绿人在那儿带走了热。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; hypotheses:n.假定;臆测(hypothesis的复数);
There's all sorts of things going on. 各种各样的事情都在发生。
But the only logical was that there were hot springs. 但唯一符合逻辑的解释还是热泉。
logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的;
So there must be underwater hot springs. 所以一定是有水下热泉。
underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下;
We mounted an expedition to look for the missing heat. 我们进行了一次探险,以寻找丢失的热。
mounted:adj.骑马的; v.准备; (mount的过去分词和过去式)
And so we went along this mountain range in an area along Galapagos Rift, and did we find the missing heat. 因此,我们沿加拉帕哥斯裂谷区域中的这条山脉行进, 终于发现了失踪的热。
It was amazing. These giant chimneys . Huge giant chimneys . 太令人吃惊了。这些巨大的烟囱。巨大的烟囱。
chimneys:n.烟囱;烟囱型;灯罩(chimney的复数形式);
We went up to them with our submersible. 我们乘潜艇到达这些烟囱上,
We wanted to get a temperature probe, we stuck it in there, looked at it -- it pegged off scale . 想去取一个温度传感器,我们把它插在那儿了。 瞧这,已经超过读数了。
pegged:v.用夹子夹住;使固定于某水平;看做;(peg的过去分词和过去式) scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
The pilot made this great observation : "That's hot." 驾驶员报告了这一伟大的观察:“它是热的！”
observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And then we realized our probe was made out of the same stuff -- 这时我们意识到我们的探热仪都是同样的材料制造的——
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
It could have melted . But it turns out the exiting temperature was 650 degrees Fahrenheit , hot enough to melt lead. 它可能已经熔化了。但这就证明了出口的温度 是650华氏度,这个热度足可熔化铅。
melted:v.(使)熔化,融化;(使)软化,变得温柔;(melt的过去分词和过去式) Fahrenheit:adj.华氏的;华氏温度计的;n.华氏温度计;华氏温标;
This is what a real one looks like on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. 这是胡安.德.富卡洋中脊中的一个实例。
What you're looking at is an incredible pipe organ of chemicals coming out of the ocean. 你看到的是一个从海底伸出来的 化学管,真是不可思议。
pipe organ:na.管风琴; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数)
Everything you see in this picture is commercial grade -- copper , lead, silver , zinc and gold. 这幅照片中你看见的一切都具有商业价值—— 铜、铅、银、锌和金。
commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; copper:n.铜;铜币;警察;adj.铜(制)的;(紫)铜色的;v.用铜板[铜皮]盖[包]; silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的; zinc:v.镀锌…;涂锌于…;用锌处理;n.锌;
So the Easter Bunny has put things in the ocean floor, and you have massive heavy metal deposits that we're making in this mountain range. 所以复活节兔子已经把东西放到了海底, 在这条山脉, 有含量丰富的重金属矿床。
massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; heavy metal:重金属; deposits:n.[金融]存款; v.[地质]沉积(deposit的单三形式);
We're making huge discoveries of large commercial grade ore along this mountain range, but it was dwarfed by what we discovered. 沿着这条山脉,我们不断发现大量具有高商品等级的矿石, 然而较之我们的发现,这不过是小巫见大巫而已。
dwarfed:vi.变矮小;n.侏儒,矮子;vt.使矮小;adj.矮小的;
We discovered a profusion of life in a world that it should not exist. Giant tube worms , 10 feet tall. 我们在一个本不该存在生命的世界里, 发现了大量的生命。巨大的管虫,10英尺高。
profusion:n.丰富,充沛;慷慨; worms:n.蠕虫;寄生虫;幼虫;v.蠕动,曲折行进;(worm的第三人称单数和复数)
I remember having to use vodka -- my own vodka -- to pickle it because we don't carry formaldehyde . 记得当时我不得不用伏特加——我自己的伏特加——去腌它, 因为我们没有携带甲醛。
vodka:n.伏特加酒; pickle:n.泡菜;腌菜;菜酱;v.腌渍; formaldehyde:n.蚁醛,[有化]甲醛;
We went and found these incredible clam beds sitting on the barren rock -- large clams , and when we opened them they didn't look like a clam. 在贫瘠的岩石表面, 我们发现了令人难以置信的蛤床——巨大的蛤, 接着,当我们把它们打开时,它们看上去却不像是蛤。
barren:n.不毛之地;adj.贫瘠的;不毛的;不结果实的;不育的; clams:n.蛤蚌;沉默寡言的人(clam的复数形式);
And when we cut them open they didn't have the anatomy of a clam. 因为当我们把它们切开的时候,它们竟没有蛤的生理结构。
anatomy:n.解剖;解剖学;剖析;解析;
No mouth, no gut , no digestive system . 没有嘴,没有肠子,没有消化系统。
gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的 digestive system:n.消化系统;
Their bodies had been totally taken over by another organism, a bacterium , that had figured out how to replicate photosynthesis in the dark through a process we now call chemosynthesis. 它们的身体已整个的被 另一个生物体——细菌接管,这就解决了一个问题: 如何在黑暗中,通过我们现在叫做化学合成 的过程代替光合作用。
bacterium:n.[微]细菌;杆菌属; replicate:vt.复制; vi.重复; adj.复制的; n.复制品; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
None of it in our textbooks. None of this in our textbooks. 这当中没有哪种现象可以在我们的教科书里找到。
We did not know about this life system. 我们不知道这个生命系统。
We were not predicting it. 我们没有预言它的存在。
predicting:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的现在分词)
We stumbled on it, looking for some missing heat. 我们在寻找某种丢失的热的时候,无意中发现了它。
stumbled:v.绊脚;跌跌撞撞地走;蹒跚而行;(stumble的过去分词和过去式)
So we wanted to accelerate this process. 所以我们想要加快这个过程。
accelerate:v.加快;加速;n.接受速成教育的学生;
We wanted to get away from this silly trip up and down on a submarine. 我们想要结束这个乘着潜艇上上下下的愚蠢的旅行。
Average depth of the ocean 12,000 feet, two and half hours to get to work in the morning. 海洋的平均深度12,000英尺, 早上去上班两个半小时。
Two and half hours to get to home. Five hour commute to work. 回家两个半小时。在路上就花了5小时。
commute:v.减刑;交换;通勤;代偿;n.通勤(口语);
Three hours of bottom time, average distance traveled -- one mile. 3个小时在海底的时间,平均旅行距离——1英里。
(Laughter) （笑声）
On a 42,000 mile mountain range. Great job security, but not the way to go. 42,000英里山脉,工作保障很大,但无路可去。
So I began designing a new technology of telepresence using robotic systems to replicate myself, so I wouldn't have to cycle my vehicle system. 所以我开始设计一种新的远程监控技术, 利用机器人系统来代替我自己, 这样我就不必重复操作我的潜水器。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; telepresence:n.思科网真(一种通过结合高清晰度视频,音频和交互式组件,在网络上创建一种独特的"面对面"体验的新型技术); robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物;
We began to introduce that in our explorations, and we continued to make phenomenal discoveries with our new robotic technologies . Again, looking for something else, moving from one part of the mid-ocean ridge to another. 我们开始在我们的探险中推广这一技术, 用我们的新机器人技术继续进行惊人的发现。 从大洋中脊的一个地方开向另一个地方, 再次出发去寻找新的东西。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
The scientists were off watch and they came across incredible life forms. 科学家们没有值班的时候,却无意中发现了难以置信的生命形式。
They came across new creatures they had not seen before. 他们偶然发现了以前没有见过的新生物。
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
But more importantly they discovered edifices down there that they did not understand. 但更重要的是,他们在那下面发现了 自己也不能理解的“建筑群”。
edifices:n.大厦;大建筑物;
That did not make sense . They were not above a magma chamber . 这很不合常理。它们不在岩浆房上面。
make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理; magma:n.[地质]岩浆;糊剂; chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛; adj.室内的; vt.把…关在室内;
They shouldn't be there. And we called it Lost City. 它们不该在那儿的。我们叫它“失落城”。
And Lost City was characterized by these incredible limestone formations and upside down pools. Look at that. 而失落城是以这些不可思议的石灰石形态 和颠倒的池塘为特征的。瞧这！
characterized:adj.以…为特点的; limestone:n.[岩]石灰岩; formations:n.形成(formation的复数形式);形态;队形; upside down:adj.颠倒的;乱七八糟的;
How do you do that? That's water upside down. 你怎么理解这个？这是颠倒的水。
We went in underneath and tapped it, and we found that it had the pH of Drano. 我们到下面抽样化验,发现它的pH值和Drano（译者注:一种以氢氧化钠为主成分的洗涤液）一样。
underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
The pH of 11, and yet it had chemosynthetic bacteria living in it and at this extreme environment. pH值11,但里面有化学合成细菌在生长, 而且是在这样一种极端环境下生长。
chemosynthetic:adj.化学合成的; bacteria:n.[微]细菌; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
And the hydrothermal vents were in an acidic environment. 而热泉就处于一种酸性的环境。
hydrothermal:adj.[地质]热液的;热水的; vents:n.[矿业]通风孔(vent的复数);排空(气)阀;通风管;管乐类; acidic:adj.酸的,酸性的;产生酸的;
All the way at the other end in an alkaline environment at a pH of 11, life existed. 在另一端,自始至终都是一个碱性的环境, pH值11,里面有生命。
alkaline:adj.碱性的,碱的;
So life was much more creative than we had ever thought. 所以,生命的创造力实在是超乎我们的想象。
creative:adj.创造性的;
Again, discovered by accident. Just two years ago working off Santorini , where people are sunning themselves on the beach , unbeknownst to them in the caldera nearby , we found phenomenal hydrothermal vent systems and more life systems 又一次偶然的发现。就在两年前圣托里尼岛的活动结束的时候, 人们在沙滩上做日光浴, 他们不知道自己就在火山喷口附近, 我们发现了惊人的热泉系统 和更多的生命系统。
Santorini:n.圣托里尼岛(希腊城市); on the beach:adj.在海滩上;失业的;潦倒的;退休的; unbeknownst:adv.不知地;adj.不知的; caldera:n.[地质]破火山口;火山喷口; nearby:adj.附近的,邻近的;adv.在附近;prep.在…附近;
This was two miles from where people go to sunbathe , and they were oblivious to the existence of this system. 这里离人们日光浴的地方不过两英里, 但他们并未注意到这个系统的存在。
sunbathe:n.日光浴;太阳灯浴;vi.沐日光浴; oblivious:adj.遗忘的;健忘的;不注意的;不知道的;
Again, you know, we stop at the water's edge. 当然,我们又在水边停下来。
Recently , diving off in the Gulf of Mexico, finding pools of water this time not upside down, right side up. 最近在墨西哥湾潜水,这次发现的水池 不是倒的,是正的。
Recently:adv.最近;新近; Gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没;
Bingo . You'd think you're in air until a fish swims by. 没错,你会感觉你好像飘在空中,直到一条鱼游过身边。
Bingo:int.答对了;n.宾戈游戏;
You're looking at brine pools formed by salt diapirs. 你看着刺穿盐丘形成的卤水池。
brine:n.卤水;盐水;海水;vt.用浓盐水处理(或浸泡);
Near that was methane . I've never seen volcanoes of methane . 附近是甲烷。我从未见过甲烷火山。
methane:n.[有化]甲烷;[能源]沼气;
Instead of belching out lava they were belching out big, big bubbles of methane. And they were creating these volcanoes, and there were flows, not of lava, 不是喷出熔岩,而是喷出 很大很大的甲烷气泡。而它们正在创造这些火山, 这儿流动的,不是熔岩,
belching:n.[内科]嗳气;v.喷射(belch的现在分词); lava:n.火山岩浆;火山所喷出的熔岩; bubbles:n.泡; v.起泡; (bubble的第三人称单数和复数)
but of the mud coming out of the earth but driven by -- 而是来自地球内部,由（甲烷）驱动的泥浆,
I've never seen this before. 我以前从未见过这种现象。
Moving on, there's more than just natural history beneath the sea. 继续。海洋下面不仅仅有自然的历史,
natural history:n.自然史;
Human history. Our discoveries of the Titanic . 还有人类的历史。例如泰坦尼克号沉船的发现。
Titanic:adj.巨大的;强大的;极端重要的;四价钛的;
The realization that the deep sea is the largest museum on earth. 其实,深海才是地球上最大的博物馆。
realization:n.实现;领悟;
It contains more history than all of the museums on land combined. 它所包含的历史,比陆地上所有的博物馆合起来还要多。
And yet we're only now penetrating it. 然而,我们现在才刚刚认识到这一点。
penetrating:adj.渗透的;尖锐的;有洞察力的;v.穿透;贯穿(penetrate的ing形式);
Finding the state of preservation . 发现了这种保存状态。
preservation:n.保存,保留;
We found the Bismarck in 16,000 feet. We then found the Yorktown. 我们在16,000英尺的地方发现了俾斯麦号战舰。然后又找到了约克城号航母。
People always ask, "Did you find the right ship?" 人们总是问,“你发现的就是那艘船吗？”
It said Yorktown on the stern . 据说约克城号是船头朝上的。
stern:n.船尾;末端;adj.严厉的;坚定的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
More recently, finding ancient history. 最近又发现了古代历史。
How many ancient mariners have had a bad day? The number's a million. 曾有过多少古代的航海者遭遇过不幸呢？一百万。
mariners:n.[水运]水手;西雅图水手;
We've been discovering these along ancient trade routes where they're not supposed to be. 我们一直在沿着古代贸易的航线寻找他们。 他们不该在那儿的。
routes:n.路线;途径;路途;渠道;v.按某路线发送;(route的第三人称单数和复数) supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式)
This shipwreck sank 100 years before the birth of Christ . 这艘遇难船沉没于公元前100年。
shipwreck:n.海难;遇难船;vt.使失事;使毁灭;使失败; Christ:n.基督;耶稣基督
This one sank carrying a prefabricated home depot Roman temple. 这艘沉船载着罗马神殿的组合构件。
prefabricated:adj.预制构件的;v.预先建造组合(prefabricate的过去分词); depot:n.仓库;停车场;航空站;vt.把…存放在储藏处;adj.药性持久的; Roman:n.罗马人;古罗马语;adj.罗马的;罗马人的;
And then here's one that sank at the time of Homer at 750 B.C. 而这是一艘沉没于公元前750年荷马时代的遇难船。
Homer:n.荷马(公元前9世纪前后的希腊盲诗人);本垒打;
More recently, into the Black Sea where we're exploring. 我们最近进入了黑海探险。
Because there's no oxygen there, it's the largest reservoir of hydrogen sulphide on earth. Shipwrecks are perfectly preserved . 因为那里面没有氧气,是地球上最大的硫化氢水库。 所以遇难船只保存完好。
reservoir:n.水库;蓄水池; hydrogen:n.氢;氢气; sulphide:n.硫化物; Shipwrecks:n.海难;遇难船;vt.使失事;使毁灭;使失败; preserved:v.保护;维护;保留;保存;保养;(preserve的过去式和过去分词)
All their organics are perfectly preserved. We begin to excavate them. 船上所有的有机体都保存完好。我们开始发掘这些船只。
organics:n.有机物(organic的复数); excavate:vt.挖掘;开凿;vi.发掘;细查;
We expect to start hauling out the bodies in perfect condition with their DNA. 我们期待开始运出这些尸体,它们的DNA处于完好状态。
hauling:v.拖,拉,拽;;强迫(某人)去某处;(haul的现在分词)
Look at the state of preservation. 看看这个保存状态。
Still the ad mark of a carpenter . Look at the state of those artifacts . 木匠的广告标识都还在。看看那些史前古器物的状态。
carpenter:n.木匠,木工;vi.当木匠,制作; artifacts:n.史前古器物;人工产品;
You still see the bees wax dripping . When they dropped they sealed it. 你还看得见黄蜡滴。滴上黄蜡时就把它密封起来了。
wax:n.蜡; v.给…打蜡; adj.蜡制的; dripping:adj.湿淋淋的; n.(烤肉时渗出的)油; v.滴下; (drip的现在分词)
This ship sank 1,500 years ago. 这艘船沉没于1,500年前。
Fortunately , we've been able to convince Congress . 幸运的是,我们说服了国会。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地; convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交;
We begin to go on the Hill and lobby . 我们继续在国会议员中游说。
lobby:n.大堂;门厅;民众接待厅;游说;v.游说(从政者或政府);
And we stole recently a ship from the United States Navy . 我们最近意外地从美国海军搞到一艘船。
Navy:n.海军;深蓝色的;
The Okeanos Explorer on its mission. 奥克阿诺斯探险家号。
Explorer:n.探险者;勘探者;考察者;
Its mission is as good as you could get. 你差不多从名字就可以知道她的使命。
Its mission is to go where no one has gone before on planet Earth. 它的使命就是要到地球上以前从未有人去过的地方。
And I was looking at it yesterday, it's up in Seattle . OK. 昨天我看着她,她在西雅图准备就绪。OK。
Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市);
(Applause) （掌声）
It comes online this summer, and it begins its journey of exploration. 今年夏天她来到网上, 并开始了她的探险之旅。
journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
But we have no idea what we're going find when we go out there with our technology. 但我们不知道,以我们的技术力量,我们将会有什么样的发现。
But certainly it's going to be going to the unknown America. 不过可以肯定的是,她将驶往未知的美国。
This is that part of the United States that lies beneath the sea. 也就是躺在海洋下面的那部分美国。
We own all of that blue and yet, like I say, particularly the western territorial trust, we don't have maps of them. We don't have maps of them. 我们拥有这片蓝色的一切,但是, 就像我说的,尤其是西部的领土, 我们没有它们的地图。我们没有它们的地图。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; territorial:adj.领土的;区域的;土地的;地方的;n.地方自卫队士兵;
We have maps of Venus but not of the western territorial trust. 我们有金星的地图但没有西部领土的地图。
Venus:n.[天]金星;维纳斯(爱与美的女神);
The way we're going to run this we have no idea what we're going to discover. 我们打算进行这次探险,但不知道会有什么发现。
We have no idea what we're going to discover. 我们不知道会发现什么。
We're going to discover an ancient shipwreck, a Phoenician off Brazil , or a new rock formation, a new life. 我们将发现一艘古代遇难船,一个巴西海岸附近的腓尼基人, 或者,一个新的岩层,一个新的生命。
Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
So we're going to run it like an emergency hospital. 所以,我们打算像一个急救中心一样来运作。
emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的;
We're going to connect our command center via a high bandwidth satellite link to a building we're building at the University of Rhode Island called the Interspace Center. 我们打算把我们的指挥中心,经由高带宽的卫星信号, 连接到罗德岛大学的一座大厦, 这座大厦尚在修建,名叫“内空间中心”。
via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道; bandwidth:n.[电子][物]带宽;[通信]频带宽度; Rhode:n.罗德岛; Interspace:n.空隙,空间;中间;vt.留…的间隔;留空隙;占据…之间;
And within that we're going to run it just like you run a nuclear submarine, blue gold team, switching them off and on , running 24 hours a day. 我们打算像运行一艘核潜艇一样运行这个中心, 蓝金队,不时转换,全天候运行。
nuclear:adj.原子能的;[细胞]细胞核的;中心的;原子核的; off and on:断断续续地,时不时地;
A discovery is made, that discovery is instantly seen in the command center a second later. 一旦有了发现,一秒钟后,这个发现立刻 可以在指挥中心看见。
But then it's connected through Internet2 -- the new Internet highway that makes Internet one and look like a dirt road on the information highway -- with 10 gigabits of bandwidth. 而这时它也通过10千兆带宽的互联网 被连接起来。 这条新的互联网高速公路使原来的互联网 看起来就像是信息高速公路上的一段土路。
dirt road:n.土路;
We'll go into areas we have no knowledge of. 我们将进入我们还不了解的区域。
It's a big blank sheet on our planet. We'll map it within hours, have the maps disseminated out to the major universities. 这是我们这个行星上的一个巨大的空白。我们将在数小时内为它绘制地图, 然后把地图散发给主要的高校。
sheet:n.薄板;床单;纸张;报纸;v.覆盖;展开;给…铺床单;铺开;adj.片状的; disseminated:adj.浸染的;散播性的;v.散布(disseminate的过去分词);撒播;
It turns out that 90 percent of all the oceanographic intellect in this country are at 12 universities. They're all on I-2. 结果证明,美国所有海洋学人才的90% 都在12所大学里。他们都是数一数二的顶尖人才。
oceanographic:adj.海洋学的;有关海洋学的(等于oceanographical); intellect:n.智力,理解力;知识分子;思维逻辑领悟力;智力高的人;
We can then build a command center. 然后我们就可以建立一个指挥中心。
This is a remote center at the University of Washington. 这是设在华盛顿大学的远程中心。
remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的;
She's talking to the pilot. She's 5,000 miles away but she's assumed command. 她在对导航仪谈话。她远在5,000英里之外但她担任指挥。
assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式)
But the beauty of this too is we can then disseminate it to children. 这个系统的卓越之处还在于,我们可以把它传播给孩子们。
We can disseminate. 我们能够传播。
They can follow this expedition. I've started a program -- 他们可以跟随这个远征队。我已经开始了一个计划——
Where are you Jim? Jim Young who helped start a program called the Jason Project. More recently we've started a program with the Boys and Girls Clubs of America so that we can use exploration, 你在哪儿,吉米？吉米.扬协助开始了一个 叫做詹森计划的项目。我们最近同美国少男少女俱乐部开始了 一项计划, 目的是使我们能够利用探险
and the excitement of live exploration, to motivate them and excite them and then give them what they're already ready for. 以及探险直播的兴奋,提高并刺激他们的学习欲望, 然后把他们已经准备从事的东西给他们。
excitement:n.兴奋;刺激;令人兴奋的事物; motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因;
I would not let an adult drive my robot. 我不会让一个成人来操纵我的机器人。
You don't have enough gaming experience. 你没有玩游戏的丰富经验。
But I will let a kid with no license take over control of my vehicle system. 但我将让一个没有驾照的孩子来接管我的潜水器系统。
license:v.许可;批准; take over:接管;继承;接收;接任;接替;
(Applause) （掌声）
Because we want to create. 因为我们想要创造。
We want to create the classroom of tomorrow. 我们想要创造属于明天的教室。
We have stiff competition and we need to motivate and it's all being done. 我们有严酷的竞争,我们也需要激励,这是所有人都需要的。
stiff:adj.呆板的; v.僵硬地; n.死尸; v.诈骗; competition:n.竞争;比赛,竞赛;
You win or lose an engineer or a scientist by eighth grade. 你能否赢得一位工程师或一位科学家在8年级的时候就已经确定。
The game is not over. It's over by the eighth grade -- it's not beginning. 这个游戏不是结束。它在8年级就结束了——它不是开始。
We need to be not only proud of our universities. 我们不仅应该为我们的大学骄傲。
We need to be proud of our middle schools. 我们还应该为我们的中学骄傲。
And when we have the best middle schools in the world, we'll have the best kids pumped out of that system, let me tell you. 而且,我来告诉你们,当我们有了世界上最棒的中学的时候, 我们也将拥有从这个系统中脱颖而出的最棒的孩子。
pumped:adj.紧张的; v.用泵输送; (pump的过去分词和过去式)
Because this is what we want. This is what we want. 因为这就是我们想要的。这是我们想要的。
This is a young lady, not watching a football game, not watching a basketball game. 这是个小女孩,她不是在观看足球比赛, 也不是在观看篮球比赛。
Watching exploration live from thousands of miles away, and it's just dawning on her what she's seeing. 而是在观看数千英里之外的探险直播, 而她正在逐渐理解她所看到的东西。
dawning:n.黎明,拂晓;东;v.破晓;展现;显露(dawn的ing形式);
And when you get a jaw drop you can inform . 在吃惊的同时,她也会学到很多。
inform:v.通知;告诉;报告;告发;告密;
You can put so much information into that mind, it's in full recept mode. 你可以把如此大量的信息输入这个头脑,它处于完全吸收的模式。
(Applause) （掌声）
This, I hope, will be a future engineer or a future scientist in the battle for truth. 我希望,这是一位为真理而战的未来工程师 或是未来的科学家。
And my final question, my final question -- why are we not looking at moving out onto the sea? 下面我要提最后一个问题,我的最后一个问题—— 为什么我们没看见进军海洋的行动？
Why do we have programs to build habitation on Mars, and we have programs to look at colonizing the moon, but we do not have a program looking at how we colonize our own planet? 为什么有在火星建立居住地的计划, 而且我们有研究开拓月球殖民地的计划, 但我们没有一个研究如何开拓我们自己的行星的计划？
habitation:n.居住;住所; colonizing:vt.将…开拓为殖民地; vi.开拓殖民地; colonize:vt.将…开拓为殖民地; vi.开拓殖民地;
And the technology is at hand. 而且技术是现成的。
Thank you very much. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）