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RickDoblin_2019-_迷幻剂辅助心理治疗的未来_-
Preparing for this talk has been scarier for me than preparing for LSD therapy . 准备此次演讲 比准备LSD治疗还让我害怕。
therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
(Laughter) （笑声）
'" Psychedelics are to the study of the mind what the microscope is to biology and the telescope is to astronomy ." “迷幻剂之于心智, 就像显微镜之于生物学, 望远镜之于天文学。”
Psychedelics:adj.引起幻觉的;n.迷幻剂; microscope:n.显微镜; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; telescope:n.望远镜;v.(使)叠套缩短;精简; astronomy:n.天文学;
Dr. Stanislav Grof spoke those words. 这些话是斯坦尼斯拉夫·格罗夫博士说的。
He's one of the leading psychedelic researchers in the world, and he's also been my mentor . 他是世界上首屈一指的 迷幻剂研究者之一, 他也是我的导师。
mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导;
Today, I'd like to share with you how psychedelics, when used wisely, have the potential to help heal us, help inspire us, and perhaps even to help save us. 今天,我想和你们分享 当明智的使用迷幻剂时, 是如何拥有潜力帮助治愈我们, 帮助激发我们, 并且甚至帮助拯救我们的。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感;
In the 1950s and 60s, psychedelic research flourished all over the world and showed great promise for the fields of psychiatry , psychology and psychotherapy , neuroscience and the study of mystical experiences. 在1950和1960年代, 迷幻剂研究在全球各地都很热门, 并在精神病学,心理学和心理疗法, 神经科学和神秘体验的研究中 均显示了巨大的潜力。
flourished:v.繁荣;昌盛;兴旺;茁壮成长;(flourish的过去式和过去分词) psychiatry:n.精神病学;精神病治疗法; psychology:n.心理学;心理状态; psychotherapy:n.心理疗法;精神疗法; neuroscience:n.神经系统科学(指神经病学,神经化学等); mystical:adj.神秘的;神秘主义的;
But psychedelics leaked out of the research settings and began to be used by the counterculture , and by the anti-Vietnam War movement. 但迷幻剂从研究环境中泄露出来 并被反主流文化, 以及反越战运动使用。
leaked:v.漏;渗漏;泄漏;渗入;漏出;透露(秘密信息);(leak的过去分词和过去式) counterculture:n.反主流文化(60和70年代美国青少年中盛行的一种思想);
And there was unwise use. 存在一些不明智的使用。
unwise:adj.不明智的;愚蠢的;轻率的;
And so there was a backlash . 因此引起了强烈的反对。
backlash:n.反冲;强烈抵制;vt.强烈反对;发生后冲;
And in 1970, the US government criminalized all uses of psychedelics, and they began shutting down all psychedelic research. 在1970年,美国政府将所有 对迷幻剂的使用定为犯罪, 并且开始终止所有的迷幻剂研究。
criminalized:vt.宣告…为犯法行为;判定…为非法事件;
And this ban spread all over the world and lasted for decades. 这一禁令在全球扩散并持续了几十年。
ban:v.下令禁止;查禁;n.禁令;
and it was tragic , since psychedelics are really just tools, and whether their outcomes are beneficial or harmful depends on how they're used. 这真是个悲剧, 迷幻剂实际上只是个工具, 不管它们的结果是好还是坏, 取决于它们怎么被使用。
tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) beneficial:adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的;
Psychedelic means "mind-manifesting," 迷幻意思是“心灵显现”,
and it relates to drugs like LSD, psilocybin , mescaline , iboga and other drugs. 它与LSD、裸盖菇素、美斯卡林, 依波加等药物有关。
psilocybin:n.采自蘑菰的一种迷幻药; mescaline:n.[有化]墨斯卡灵(迷幻药);
When I was 18 years old, 在18岁时,
I was a college freshman, 我是个大学新生,
I was experimenting with LSD and mescaline, and these experiences brought me in touch with my emotions . 我体验了LSD和墨斯卡灵, 这些体验让我接触到自己的情感。
in touch with:同…有联系,和…有接触; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
And they helped me have a spiritual connection that unfortunately , my bar mitzvah did not produce. 它们帮助我建立了一种精神联系, 不幸的是,我的成年礼 并没有产生这种联系。
spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; unfortunately:adv.不幸地; bar mitzvah:n.受诫礼(为年满13岁的犹太男孩举行的成人仪式);v.[犹]使受戒;
(Laughter) （笑声）
When I wanted to tease my parents, 当我想戏弄我父母时,
tease:v.取笑; n.戏弄;
I would tell them that they drove me to psychedelics because my bar mitzvah had failed to turn me into a man. 我会跟他们说是他们 把我推向了迷幻剂, 因为我的成年礼并没有 把我变成男人。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But most importantly, psychedelics gave me this feeling of our shared humanity , of our unity with all life. 但最重要的是, 迷幻剂给了我一种 我们共同的人性, 我们与所有生命的统一的感觉。
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; unity:n.团结;一致;联合;个体;
And other people reported that same thing as well. 其他人也报告有同样的感受。
And I felt that these experiences had the potential to help be an antidote to tribalism , to fundamentalism , to genocide and environmental destruction . 我觉得这些体验具有潜力 成为部落主义、 原教旨主义、种族灭绝和 环境破坏的解药。
antidote:n.[药]解毒剂;解药;矫正方法; tribalism:n.部落文化;部落制;部落制度; fundamentalism:n.原教旨主义;基要主义; genocide:n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀; destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁;
And so I decided to focus my life on changing the laws and becoming a legal psychedelic psychotherapist . 于是我决定把我的人生致力于 改变法律 以及成为一名合法迷幻剂 心理治疗师上。
legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; psychotherapist:n.精神治疗医师;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Now, half a century after the ban, we're in the midst of a global renaissance of psychedelic research. 如今,在禁止过了半个世纪后, 我们正处于迷幻剂研究的 全球复兴之中。
midst:n.当中,中间;prep.在…中间(等于amidst); global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; renaissance:n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至17世纪);
Psychedelic psychotherapy is showing great promise for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder , or PTSD , depression , social anxiety , substance abuse and alcoholism and suicide . 迷幻剂治疗法在治疗 创伤后应激障碍(PTSD),抑郁, 社交焦虑,药物滥用 和酗酒和自杀等方面 显示了巨大的潜力。
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; post-traumatic stress disorder:n.创伤后精神紧张性障碍; PTSD:abbr.创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍(post-traumaticstressdisorder); depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁; anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; alcoholism:n.酗酒;[内科]酒精中毒; suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀;
Psychedelic psychotherapy is an attempt to go after the root causes of the problems, with just relatively few administrations, as contrasted to most of the psychiatric drugs used today that are mostly just reducing symptoms and are meant to be taken on a daily basis. 迷幻剂心理治疗试图追击 问题的根源, 只需相对较少的管理, 相比之下,今天使用的 大多数精神药物 主要是减轻症状, 并意味着需要每天服用。
attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; contrasted:比较;对比; psychiatric:adj.精神病学的;精神病治疗的; symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数)
Psychedelics are now also being used as tools for neuroscience to study brain function and to study the enduring mystery of human consciousness . 迷幻剂今天也被用作神经科学工具 来研究大脑功能, 和用来研究人类意识的永恒之谜。
enduring:adj.持久的;耐久的;v.忍耐;忍受;持续;持久;(endure的现在分词) consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉;
And psychedelics and the mystical experiences they produce are being explored for their connections between meditation and mindfulness , including a paper just recently published about lifelong zen meditators taking psilocybin in the midst of a meditation retreat and showing long-term benefits and brain changes. 人们正在探索迷幻剂 和它们产生的神秘体验 与冥想和正念之间的联系, 包括最近发表的一篇 关于终身禅修者在禅修中 服用裸盖菇素后显示出了 其长期效果还有大脑变化的论文。
explored:v.探索;勘探;考察;探险;(explore的过去式和过去分词) meditation:n.冥想;沉思,深思; mindfulness:n.留心,警觉; recently:adv.最近;新近; retreat:v.撤退;退却;后退;退缩;n.撤退;退却;退缩;退避; long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
Now, how do these drugs work? 这些药物是怎么作用的？
Modern neuroscience research has demonstrated that psychedelics reduce activity in what's known as the brain's default mode network. 现代神经科学研究已经证明 迷幻剂减少了我们所周知的 大脑默认模式网络的活动。
demonstrated:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;表达;(demonstrate的过去分词和过去式) default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行;
This is where we create our sense of self. 这是我们创造自我意识的地方。
It's our equivalent to the ego , and it filters all incoming information according to our personal needs and priorities . 这是我们的自我, 它会根据我们的个人需求和优先事项 过滤所有进入的信息。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; ego:n.自我;自负;自我意识; filters:n.过滤器; v.过滤; (filter的第三人称单数和复数) incoming:n.进来;收入;adj.新当选的;新任的; according to:根据,据说; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; priorities:n.优先事项;优先权;重点;(priority的复数)
When activity is reduced in the default mode network, our ego shifts from the foreground to the background, and we see that it's just part of a larger field of awareness . 当默认模式网络的活动减少时, 我们的自我就从前台转移至后台, 我们意识到这只是一个更大 的意识领域的一部分。
shifts:n.转移; v.转移; (shift的第三人称单数) foreground:n.前景;最显著的位置; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道;
It's similar to the shift that Copernicus and Galileo were able to produce in humanity using the telescope to show that the earth was no longer the center of the universe, 这跟 哥白尼和伽利略用望远镜 向人类展示 地球不再是宇宙的中心,
Copernicus:n.哥白尼(波兰天文学家);
but was actually something that revolved around the sun, something bigger than itself. 而实际上是绕着太阳转类似, 有比自身更大的东西。
revolved:v.旋转(revolve的过去式,过去分词);n.旋转曲面;回转面;转体;adj.旋转的;
For some people, this shift in awareness is the most important and among the most important experiences of their lives. 对有些人来说,这个意识的转变 是他们最重要 和人生中最重要的体验。
They feel more connected to the world bigger than themselves. 他们感到与比自己更大 的世界的亲密性。
They feel more altruistic , and they lose some of their fear of death. 他们利他的感觉更强, 并且他们对死亡也不那么恐惧。
altruistic:adj.利他的;无私心的;
Not all drugs work this way. 不是所有的药物都这样起作用。
MDMA, also known as Ecstasy , or Molly, works fundamentally different. MDMA/摇头丸,也称为嗨飞,或莫利, 作用原理就就有着本质不同。
Ecstasy:n.狂喜;入迷;忘形; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
And I'll be able to share with you the story of Marcela, who suffered from post-traumatic stress disorder from a violent sexual assault . 我可以和你分享马塞拉的故事, 她因暴力性侵犯而患有 PTSD。
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的; sexual assault:性侵犯;性暴行;
Marcela and I were introduced in 1984, when MDMA was still legal, but it was beginning also to leak out of therapeutic circles. 马塞拉和我是1984年介绍认识的, 当时MDMA仍然非法, 但它也开始从治疗圈中泄露出来。
therapeutic:adj.治疗的;治疗学的;有益于健康的;n.治疗剂;治疗学家;
Marcela had tried MDMA in a recreational setting, and during that, her past trauma flooded her awareness and it intensified her suicidal feelings. 玛塞拉曾在娱乐场所尝试过MDMA, 在这期间,她过去的 创伤意识淹没了她, 强化了她自杀的想法。
recreational:adj.娱乐的,消遣的;休养的; intensified:加强的; suicidal:adj.自杀的,自杀性的;自我毁灭的;自取灭亡的;
During our first conversation, 在我们第一次交谈时,
I shared that when MDMA is taken therapeutically , it can reduce the fear of difficult emotions, and she could help move forward past her trauma. 我分享说当MDMA用于治疗时, 它可以减轻对消极情绪的恐惧, 并且可以帮助她走出创伤。
therapeutically:adv.在治疗上;有疗效地;
I asked her to promise not to commit suicide if we were to work together. 我请求她如果我们开始合作, 希望她答应我不要自杀。
commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处;
She agreed and made that promise. 她同意了并且做了承诺。
During her therapeutic sessions , 在她的治疗环节,
sessions:n.会议;会期(session的复数);
Marcela was able to process her trauma more fluidly , more easily. 玛塞拉能够更流畅, 更容易地面对她的创伤。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; fluidly:流动地;不定地;液体地;流畅地;
And yet, she was able to tell that the rapist had told her that if she ever shared her story, he would kill her. 并且,她能够说出 强奸犯告诉过她, 如果她把事情说出去, 他就杀了她。
And she realized that that was keeping her a prisoner in her own mind. 她意识到囚禁她的是她自己的思想。
So being able to share the story and experience the feelings and the thoughts in her mind freed her, and she was able to decide that she wanted to move forward with her life. 所以能够分享遭遇、 经历、感觉和头脑中的想法 解放了她, 并且她也能够决定 她想要她的生活继续。
And in that moment, 在那一刻,
I realized that MDMA could be very effective for treating PTSD. 我意识到MDMA对治疗 PTSD可能非常有效。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; treating:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;处理;讨论;(treat的现在分词)
Now, 35 years later, after Marcela's treatment, she's actually a therapist, training other therapists to help people overcome PTSD with MDMA. 如今,在玛塞拉接受治疗的35年后, 她成为了一名治疗师, 培训其他治疗师,帮助人们 用MDMA克服PTSD。
therapists:n.治疗专家(therapist的复数); overcome:vt.克服;胜过;vi.克服;得胜;
Now, how does MDMA work? 那么,MDMA是如何作用的？
How did MDMA help Marcela? MDMA是如何帮到玛塞拉的？
People who have PTSD have brains that are different from those of us who don't have PTSD. 患有PTSD的人 与没有的人大脑不一样。
They have a hyperactive amygdala , where we process fear. 他们的杏仁核很活跃, 这是处理恐惧的地方。
hyperactive:adj.极度活跃的;活动过度的; amygdala:n.[解剖]杏仁核;扁桃腺;苦巴旦杏;
They have reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex , where we think logically . 他们的前额皮质的活动有所减少, 这是负责逻辑思维的地方。
prefrontal:adj.[解剖]前额的;额叶前部的;n.[解剖]额前骨; cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮; logically:adv.逻辑上;合乎逻辑;
And they have reduced activity in the hippocampus , where we store memories into long-term storage. 他们的海马体的活动减少了, 这是我们储存长期记忆的地方。
hippocampus:n.[解剖][脊椎]海马;马头鱼尾怪兽(神话中的一个形象);
MDMA changes the brain in the opposite way. 而MDMA会把大脑 朝相反的方向改变。
MDMA reduces activity in the amygdala, increases activity in the prefrontal cortex and increases connectivity between the amygdala and the hippocampus to remit traumatic memories to move into long-term storage. MDMA减少了杏仁核的活动, 增加了前额皮质的活动, 并且增加了杏仁核和 海马体之间的连接, 将创伤记忆转移到长期存储中。
connectivity:n.[数]连通性; remit:vt.宽恕;免除;减轻;传送;使恢复原状;vi.汇款;缓和;n.移交的事物;
Recently, researchers at Johns Hopkins published a paper in "Nature," 最近,约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员 在《自然》杂志上发表了一篇论文,
in which they demonstrated that MDMA releases oxytocin , the hormone of love and nurturing . 他们证明MDMA能释放催产素, 爱和养育的荷尔蒙。
releases:n.释放; vt.释放; oxytocin:n.[药]催产素;缩宫素;脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙之一种; hormone:n.[生理]激素,荷尔蒙; nurturing:v.养育;培养;扶持;支持;助长;(nurture的现在分词)
The same researchers also did studies in octopuses , who are normally asocial , unless it's mating season. 同样的研究人员 也对章鱼进行了研究, 章鱼通常是独来独往的, 除非在交配季节。
octopuses:章鱼(octopus的名词复数); normally:adv.正常地;通常地,一般地; asocial:adj.自私的;不合群的;缺乏社交性的; mating:n.交尾;交配;v.交配;交尾;使交配;(mate的现在分词)
But lo and behold , you give them MDMA, and they become prosocial. 但给了它们MDMA之后, 它们变得亲社会了。
behold:v.看;注视;把...视为;int.瞧;看呀;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Several months after Marcela and I worked together, the Drug Enforcement Administration moved to criminalize Ecstasy, having no knowledge of its therapeutic use. 在玛塞拉和我治疗几个月后, 美国缉毒局开始将使用 摇头丸定为犯罪, 对其治疗作用则一无所知。
Enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制;
So I went to Washington, and I went into the headquarters of the Drug Enforcement Administration, and I filed a lawsuit demanding a hearing, at which psychiatrists and psychotherapists 所以我来到华盛顿, 我来到缉毒局的总部, 并且提起诉讼,要求举办一场听证会, 这样精神病学家和精神治疗师
headquarters:n.总部;指挥部;司令部; lawsuit:n.诉讼;[法]官司;诉讼案件; psychiatrists:n.精神病学家;精神科医生;(psychiatrist的复数) psychotherapists:采用精神治疗法的医生(psychotherapist的名词复数);
would be able to present information about therapeutic use of MDMA to try to keep it legal. 将能够提供有关 MDMA治疗用途的信息, 来让它变得合法。
And in the middle of the hearing, the DEA freaked out, declared an emergency and criminalized all uses of MDMA. 在听证会中间,缉毒局抓狂了, 宣布进入紧急状态, 并将所有使用MDMA 的行为定为犯罪。
freaked:v.(使)强烈反应,震惊,畏惧;(freak的过去分词和过去式) emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的;
And so the only way that I could see to bring it back was through science, through medicine and through the FDA drug development process. 于是我看到的剩下的 唯一让它回归的方式 是通过科学,医学, 并通过FDA药物开发流程。
So in 1986, I started MAPS as a nonprofit psychedelic pharmaceutical company. 所以在1986年,我成立了MAPS 这家非盈利的迷幻药制药公司。
nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; pharmaceutical:adj.制药(学)的;n.药物;
It took us 30 years, till 2016, to develop the data that we needed to present to FDA to request permission to move into the large-scale Phase 3 studies that are required to prove safety and efficacy before you get approval for prescription use. 它花了我们30年的时间, 直到2016年, 我们才得到了所需 提交给FDA的数据, 以申请进入大规模 第三阶段研究的许可, 在获得处方使用的批准之前, 这是个需要证明其安全性 和有效性的许可。
large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; Phase:n.阶段;时期;月相;(月亮的)盈亏;v.分阶段进行;逐步做; efficacy:n.功效,效力; approval:n.批准;认可;赞成; prescription:n.处方;药方;医生开的药;开处方;
Tony was a veteran in one of our pilot studies. 托尼是我们一项试点研究中 的一个老兵。
veteran:n.老兵; adj.(尤指军事方面)老练的;
According to the Veterans Administration, there's over a million veterans now disabled with PTSD. 根据退伍军人管理局的数据, 现在有超过一百万的 退伍军人患有PTSD。
Veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式);
And at least 20 veterans a day are committing suicide, many of them from PTSD. 每天至少有20个老兵自杀, 其中很多是因为PTSD。
committing:v.做出;犯罪或错等;自杀;承诺,保证;(commit的现在分词)
The treatment that Tony was to receive was three and a half months long. 托尼所接受的治疗有3个半月长。
But during that period of time, he would only get MDMA on three occasions, separated by 12, 90-minute non-drug psychotherapy sessions, three before the first MDMA session for preparation and three after each MDMA session for integration . 但在那期间, 他只接受了三次MDMA治疗, 中间分为12次90分钟 的非药物心理疗程, 3次在第一次MDMA 疗程前作为准备环节, 3次在每次MDMA疗程后进行整合。
integration:n.集成;综合;
We call our treatment approach "inner-directed therapy," 我们把我们的治疗方法 称为“内在导向治疗”,
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
in that we support the patient to experience whatever's emerging within their minds or their bodies. 在这个过程中,我们支持病人去体验 他们大脑或身体里出现的一切。
patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者; emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词)
Even with MDMA, this is hard work. 即便有MDMA,这个工作也不容易。
And a lot of our subjects have said, "I don't know why they call this Ecstasy." 我们的很多研究对象都说过, “我不知道他们为什么把这叫嗨飞。”
(Laughter) （笑声）
During Tony's first MDMA session, he lay on the couch , he had eyeshades on, he listened to music, and he would speak to the therapists, who were a male-female co-therapy team, whenever he felt that he needed to. 在托尼的首次MDMA疗程中, 他躺在沙发上,戴着眼罩, 听着音乐, 他可以和治疗师交谈, 后者是一组男女联合治疗小组, 随时在他需要时响应。
couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着; eyeshades:n.遮光眼罩;
After several hours, in a moment of calmness and clarity , 在几个小时后, 在一个平静和清晰的时刻,
in a moment:立刻; calmness:n.冷静,镇静;平静,安宁; clarity:n.清楚,明晰;透明;
Tony shared that he had realized his PTSD was a way of connecting him to his friends. 托尼分享了他意识到的 他的PTSD是他 和朋友联系的一种方式。
It was a way of honoring the memory of his friends who had died. 这是纪念他死去的朋友的一种方式。
But he was able to shift and see himself through the eyes of his dead friends. 但他能够通过死去的朋友 的眼睛看到自己。
And he realized that they would not want him to suffer, to squander his life. 他意识到他们不希望他受苦, 挥霍他的生命。
squander:vt.浪费;vi.浪费;漂泊;n.浪费;
They would want him to live more fully, which they were unable to do. 他们希望他活得充实, 而这是他们无法做到的。
And so he realized that there was a new way to honor their memory, which was to live as fully as possible. 于是他意识到有新的方法 来纪念他的朋友们, 那就是尽可能充实地活着。
He also realized that he was telling himself a story that he was taking opiates for pain. 他还意识到,他是在给自己洗脑, 说他服用鸦片是为了止痛。
opiates:n.[毒物][药]鸦片剂; v.用鸦片制剂治疗;
But actually, he realized, he was taking them for escape. 但事实上,他意识到 他是用它们来逃避。
So he decided he didn't need the opiates anymore, he didn't need the MDMA anymore, and he was dropping out of the study. 于是他决定再也不需要鸦片了, 他再也不需要MDMA了, 于是他退出了研究。
That was seven years ago. 现在已经7年了。
Tony is still free of PTSD, has never returned to opiates and is helping others less fortunate than himself in Cambodia . 托尼没有再受PTSD折磨, 他也没复吸鸦片, 并且正在柬埔寨帮助那些 没有他那么幸运的人。
Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲);
(Applause) （鼓掌）
The data that we presented to FDA showed that 23 percent of the people that received therapy without active MDMA no longer had PTSD at the end of treatment. 我们向FDA展示的数据 数据显示23%未接受 积极MDMA治疗的人 在治疗结束时不再患有PTSD。
This is really pretty good for this patient population. 这对于这些病人群体真是个好消息。
However, when you add MDMA, the results more than double, to 56 percent no longer having PTSD. 然而,当你加入MDMA时, 结果翻倍,56%的人摆脱了PTSD。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
But most importantly, once people learn that if they don't need to suppress their trauma, but they can process it, they keep getting better on their own. 但更重要的是, 一旦人们意识到他们不需要 压制他们的创伤, 而是可以应付, 他们就自行恢复了。
suppress:vt.抑制;镇压;废止;
So at the 12-month follow-up one year after the last treatment session, two-thirds no longer have PTSD. 所以在最后一个疗程结束一年后 为期12个月的后续跟踪中, 2/3的人不再患有PTSD。
follow-up:adj.后续的;增补的;n.随访;跟进;后续行动; two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地;
And of the one-third that do, many have clinically significant reductions in symptoms. 并且在1/3没有好转的人中, 许多人的症状在临床上 有显着的减轻。
clinically:adv.临床地;门诊部地;不偏不倚;通过临床诊断; significant:adj.重大的;有效的;有意义的;值得注意的;意味深长的;n.象征;有意义的事物; reductions:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图;(reduction的复数)
(Applause) （鼓掌）
On the basis of this data, the FDA has declared MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD a breakthrough therapy. 根据这些数据, FDA宣布PTSD的 MDMA辅助心理治疗 为突破性治疗。
On the basis of:根据;基于…; breakthrough:n.突破;开始取得成功之时;adj.突破性的;
FDA has also declared psilocybin a breakthrough therapy for treatment-resistant depression and just recently approved esketamine for depression. FDA还宣布裸盖菇素对 难治性抑郁症 是一种突破性的疗法, 并且最近刚刚批准用 埃斯氯胺酮治疗抑郁症。
treatment-resistant:抗治疗; approved:adj.被正式接受的,被正式认可的; v.赞成; (approve的过去分词和过去式)
I'm proud to say that we have now initiated our Phase 3 studies. 我很自豪地说我们现在已经 开始我们第三阶段的研究。
initiated:v.开始;发起;创始;使了解;传授;吸收;(initiate的过去式和过去分词)
And if the results are as we hope, and if they're similar to the Phase 2 studies, by the end of 2021, FDA will approve MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD. 假如结果不负所望, 并且他们跟第二阶段研究类似, 到2021年底,FDA将会批准PTSD 的MDMA辅助心理治疗。
If approved, the only therapists who will be able to directly administer it to patients are going to be therapists that have been through our training program, and they will only be able to administer MDMA under direct supervision in clinic settings. 如果得到批准, 唯一能直接给病人治疗的治疗师 将会是通过我们培训项目的治疗师, 并且他们只能在临床环境 的直接监督下实施MDMA。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; administer:v.管理;施行;执行;给予;提供; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) supervision:n.监督,管理;
We anticipate that over the next several decades, there will be thousands of psychedelic clinics established , at which, therapists will be able to administer MDMA, psilocybin, ketamine and other psychedelics to potentially millions of patients. 我们预计未来几十年内, 将会出现数千个致幻剂诊所, 在这些地方,治疗师 将能够使用MDMA, 裸盖菇素、氯胺酮等致幻剂 治疗潜在的数百万病人。
anticipate:v.预期,期望;占先,抢先;提前使用; clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) ketamine:n.克他命,[药]氯胺酮(一种麻醉剂); potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地;
These clinics can also evolve into centers where people can come for psychedelic psychotherapy for personal growth, for couples therapy or for spiritual, mystical experiences. 这些诊所也可以发展成 治疗中心,人们可以来这里 进行迷幻心理治疗,以实现个人成长、 夫妻治疗 或精神、神秘体验。
Humanity now is in a race between catastrophe and consciousness. 人类现在正在灾难 和意识之间举棋不定。
catastrophe:n.大灾难;大祸;惨败;
The psychedelic renaissance is here to help consciousness triumph . 迷幻剂复兴可以帮助意识胜利。
triumph:v.战胜;成功;打败;n.巨大成功;重大成就;伟大胜利;喜悦;
And now, if you all just look under your seats ... 现在,如果你们都看一下座位下面…
Just joking! 开个玩笑！
(Laughter) （笑声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Corey Hajim: You've got to stay up here for a minute . 科里·哈吉姆: 你得在这里多呆一分钟。
for a minute:一会儿;
Thank you so much, Rick. 非常感谢,瑞克。
I guess it's a supportive audience. 我猜这群观众们都很支持你。
supportive:adj.支持的;支援的;赞助的;
Rick Doblin: Yes, very. 里克·多布林: 是的,非常支持。
Many of them have also been to Burning Man. 他们很多人也去过火人节。
(Laughter) （笑声）
CH: There's some synergy . 科里·哈吉姆:有共鸣。
synergy:n.协同;协同作用;增效;
RD: (Laughs) 里克·多布林:(笑声)
CH: So, in your talk, you talked about using these drugs to address some pretty serious traumas . 科里·哈吉姆:在演讲中, 你谈到可以使用这些药物 来解决一些非常严重的创伤。
traumas:n.外伤;精神创伤(trauma的复数);
So what about some more common mental illnesses like anxiety and depression, and is that where microdosing comes in? 那么像焦虑和抑郁这些更常见 的精神疾病, 这些微剂量疗法也有用武之地吗？
RD: Well, microdosing can be helpful for depression, 里克·多布林: 微剂量确实对于抑郁有帮助,
I do know someone that has been using it. 我确实知道有人在使用它。
But in general , for therapeutic purposes, we prefer macro-dosing rather than microdosing, in order to really help people deal with the root causes. 但总体上而言,要达到治疗目的, 我们更喜欢宏观剂量 而不是微观剂量, 目的是为了真正帮助人们 应对问题根源。
in general:总之,通常;一般而言; prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
Microdosing is more for creativity, for artistic inspiration, for focus ... 微剂量更多的是为了提升创造力, 艺术灵感, 为了让患者集中注意力…
artistic:adj.艺术的;风雅的;有美感的;
And it also does have a mood-elevation lift. 它也会带来情绪的提升。
But I think for serious illnesses, we'd rather not get people thinking that they need a daily drug, but do more deeper, intense work. 但我认为对于严重的疾病, 我们不想让人们认为 他们每天都需要药物, 但要做更深入、更细致的工作。
intense:adj.强烈的;紧张的;非常的;热情的;
CH: And what about outside the United States and North America , is this research being done there? 科里·哈吉姆: 在美国和北美之外这方面的研究 做得怎样？
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) North America:n.北美洲;
RD: Oh yeah, we're globalizing . 里克·多布林: 是的,我们在全球化。
globalizing:vt.使全球化;
Our Phase 3 studies are actually being done in Israel , Canada and the United States. 我们第三阶段的研究其实是在 以色列,加拿大和美国进行的。
Israel:n.以色列(亚洲国家);犹太人,以色列人;
So once we get approval in FDA, it will also become approved in Israel and in Canada. 所以一旦获得FDA批准, 它也会被以色列和加拿大批准。
We're just starting research in Europe. 我们刚刚在欧洲开始研究。
And we're actually going to be training some therapists from China. 我们其实正要培训一些 来自中国的治疗师。
CH: That's great. 科里·哈吉姆:太棒了。
We were going to do an audience vote to see if people felt like this was a good idea to move forward with this research or not, but I have a feeling I know the answer to that, so ... 我们要来个观众投票, 看大家是否认为推进这个研究 是个好主意, 但我感觉我知道答案了,那么…
Thank you so much, Rick. 非常感谢,里克。
RD: Thank you. Thank you all. 里克·多布林: 谢谢,谢谢大家。
(Applause) （鼓掌）