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RichardResnick_2011X-_欢迎进入基因革命时代_
Ladies and gentlemen, 女士们先生们,
I present to you the human genome . 我向您展示人类基因组
genome:n.基因组;染色体组;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Chromosome one, top left. 左上是一号染色体
Bottom right are the sex chromosomes . 右下是性染色体
chromosomes:n.[遗][细胞][染料]染色体(chromosome的复数形式);
Women have two copies of that big X chromosome; men have the X and, of course, that small copy of the Y. 女性有两条那个大大的X染色体 男性有个X 当然,还有个小小的Y
Sorry boys, but it's just a tiny little thing that makes you different. 男士们,不好意思,就是那个小东西让你不同
So if you zoom-in on this genome, then what you see, of course, is this double helix structure -- the code of life spelled out with these four biochemical letters, or we call them bases, right -- 如果放大这条基因组 你看到的当然就是这个双螺旋结构 生命的密码就是由这些生化的字母组成 或者说碱基,对吧:
zoom-in:拉进目标视野,放大; double helix:双螺旋; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; biochemical:adj.生物化学的;
A, C, G and T. A, C, G 和 T
How many are there in the human genome? Three billion. 人类基因组有多少这样的结构？30亿
Is that a big number? 这个数字大吧？
Well, everybody can throw around big numbers. 谁都能随便谈论大数字
But in fact, if I were to place one base on each pixel of this 1280 by 800 resolution screen, we would need 3,000 screens to take a look at the genome. 但是,如果我把一个碱基放在 这个1280×800屏幕的一个像素上 得要三千个屏幕一睹人类基因组
pixel:n.象素;图像的基本单位;表示显示在萤幕上的一点; resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议; take a look at:看一看;检查;
So it's really quite big. 所以这是非常大的
And perhaps because of its size, a group of people -- all, by the way , with Y chromosomes -- decided they would want to sequence it. 也许因为这个规模的缘故 一群人－都是带Y染色体的 他们决定进行测序
by the way:顺便说一下; sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And so 15 years actually and about four billion dollars later, the genome was sequenced and published. 15年,实际上花了大约40亿 基因组获得测序并公开了
sequenced:[数][计]序列;
In 2003, the final version was published, and they keep working on it. 2003年最终“完成图”面世,他们继续完善它
That was all done on a machine that looks like this. 这些都是由这样个机器完成的
It costs about a dollar for each base -- a very slow way of doing it. 每个碱基大概要花费1美元 这样工作非常缓慢
Well folks, I'm here to tell you that the world has completely changed and none of you know about it. 不过各位,我今天来要告诉你们 这个世界大变模样了 你们还不知道呢
So now what we do is we take genome, we make maybe 50 copies of it, we cut all those copies up into little 50-base reads, and then we sequence them massively parallel . 我现在做的是获取一个基因组 将其复制50份 然后分割成50个碱基读数 然后进行大规模同时测序
massively:adv.大量地;沉重地;庄严地; parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等);
And then we bring that into software, and we reassemble it and we tell you what the story is. 然后用软件 重新合成并给你解读
reassemble:vi.重新集合;vt.重新装配;重新召集;
And so just to give you a picture of what this looks like, the human genome project -- 3 gigabases, right. 为了让你更直观地了解 人类基因组测序工程:3GB,
One run on one of these machines -- 200 gigabases in a week. 在这样的机器上测序: 一周可完成200GB
And that 200 is going to change to 600 this summer. 这个夏天将有望提升至600
And there's no sign of this pace slowing. 并且这种增长没有放缓的趋势
So the price of a base, to sequence a base, has fallen 100 million times. 所以每个碱基测序的价钱 下降了一千万倍
That's the equivalent of you filling up your car with gas in 1998, waiting until 2011, and now you can drive to Jupiter and back twice. 这就像你1998年给车加满油 等到2011年 能到木星两个来回
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; Jupiter:n.[天]木星;朱庇特(罗马神话中的宙斯神);
(Laughter) （笑声）
World population, 世界人口
PC placements , the archive of all the medical literature , PC配置 医学文献档案
placements:落点得分数;控制落点打球得分; archive:n.档案馆;档案文件; literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作;
Moore's law, the old way of sequencing , and here's all the new stuff . 摩尔定律 旧的测序方式,然后是这些新玩意
sequencing:n.[计]排序; v.[计]定序(sequence的ing形式); stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
Guys, this is a long scale . 各位,这是个对数尺度
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
You don't typically see lines that go up like that. 你不会常看到趋势像那样上升
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
So the worldwide capacity to sequence human genomes is something like 50 to 100,000 human genomes this year. 所以世界范围内可进行人类基因组测序的能力 今年大概是五万到十万人类基因组
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; genomes:n.[遗]基因组(genome复数);
And we know this based on the machines that are being placed. 这是依据被配置的机器估算的
This is expected to double, triple or maybe quadruple year over year for the foreseeable future. 而这在未来可能会 每年翻两番,三番,甚至四番
triple:adj.三部分的; n.三倍的数[量]; v.成为三倍; quadruple:v.(使)变为四倍;adj.四方面的;四倍的;n.四倍 foreseeable:adj.可预知的;能预测的;
In fact, there's one lab in particular that represents 20 percent of all that capacity. 实际上,有一个实验室 具备所有测序能力中的百分之二十
in particular:尤其,特别; represents:v.代表;维护…的利益;相当于;(represent的第三人称单数)
It's called the Beijing Genomics Institute . 就是华大基因
Genomics:n.基因组学;基因体学; Institute:v.开始(调查);制定;创立;提起(诉讼);n.学会,协会;学院;
The Chinese are absolutely winning this race to the new Moon, by the way. 中国人毫无疑问正在领跑这场新的登月竞赛
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
What does this mean for medicine? 这对药学来说什么意义呢？
So a woman, aged 37, she presents with stage 2 estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer . 如果一个37岁的女性 她患有II期ER阳性乳腺癌
estrogen:n.雌性激素; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
She is treated with surgery , chemotherapy and radiation . 她正在接受手术治疗,化疗和放射治疗
treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) surgery:n.外科;外科手术;手术室;诊疗室; chemotherapy:n.[临床]化学疗法; radiation:n.辐射;放射线;放射疗法;
She goes home. 她回家了
Two years later, she comes back with stage three C ovarian cancer. 2年后,她发现患上III期C卵巢癌
ovarian:adj.[解剖]卵巢的;子房的;
Unfortunately , treated again with surgery and chemotherapy. 不幸的是,再次接受手术和化疗
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
It comes back three years later at age 42 with more ovarian cancer, more chemotherapy. 3年后她42岁 又患上卵巢癌,接受更多的化疗
Six months later, she comes back with acute myeloid leukemia . 6个月后 她患上急性髓性白血病
acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的; myeloid:adj.骨髓的;骨髓状的;由骨髓而来的;脊髓的; leukemia:n.[内科][肿瘤]白血病;
She goes into respiratory failure and dies eight days later. 最后呼吸衰竭八天后死亡
respiratory:adj.呼吸的;
So first, the way in which this woman was treated, in as little as 10 years, will look like bloodletting . 首先她接受的10年治疗 基本就是放血
bloodletting:n.放血;流血;
And it's because of people like my colleague , Rick Wilson, at the Genome Institute at Washington University, who decided to take a look at this woman postmortem . 正因为有人,比如我的同事,里克?威尔森 他工作与华盛顿大学的基因组研究所 决定对她尸检
colleague:n.同事,同僚; postmortem:n.验尸;检视;尸体检查;adj.死后的;死后发生的;
And he sequenced, he took skin cells, healthy skin, and cancerous bone marrow , and he sequenced the whole genomes of both of them -- in a couple weeks, no big deal. 他进行测序,他取了皮肤细胞,健康的皮肤 和癌化的骨髓 他测定两者的所有基因组 区区几周后
cancerous:adj.癌的;生癌的;像癌的; bone marrow:n.骨髓;
And then he compared those two genomes in software, and what he found, among other things, was a deletion , a 2,000-base deletion across three billion bases in a particular gene called TP53. 他用软件对比两组基因组 他发现了 30亿碱基里 有两千个碱基的丢失 这是在一个叫TP53的基因上
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) deletion:n.删除;[遗]缺失;删除部分;
If you have this deleterious mutation in this gene, you're 90 percent more likely to get cancer in your life. 如果这个基因发生有害突变 就有百分之九十的可能患癌
deleterious:adj.有毒的,有害的; mutation:n.[遗]突变;变化;元音变化;
So unfortunately, this doesn't help this woman, but it does have severe , profound if you will, implications to her family. 很不幸这没能帮到这位女性 但这对她的家人来说 是很重要深刻的启示
severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数);
I mean, if they have the same mutation, and they get this genetic test, and they understand it, then they can go and get regular screens, and they can catch cancer early and potentially live a significantly longer life. 如果他们有同样的突变 他们接受基因测试然后了解到该情况 他们就可以接受常规检查并早点发现病症 从而可以大大延长生命
genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; potentially:adv.可能地,潜在地; significantly:adv.意味深长地;值得注目地;
Let me introduce you now to the Beery twins, diagnosed with cerebral palsy at the age of two. 让我来介绍毕瑞兄妹 他们在2岁时被诊断为脑瘫
Beery:adj.啤酒的;喝啤酒喝醉的;像啤酒的; diagnosed:v.诊断(疾病);判断(问题的原因);(diagnose的过去分词和过去式) cerebral palsy:n.大脑性瘫痪;
Their mom is a very brave woman who didn't believe that the symptoms weren't matching up. 他们的母亲是个非常勇敢的女性 她不相信诊断符合症状
symptoms:n.症状;征候;征兆;(symptom的复数)
And through some heroic efforts and a lot of internet searching, she was able to convince the medical community that, in fact, they had something else. 通过她不懈努力和网上搜索 她说服了医疗人员 他们患是另一种病
heroic:adj.英雄的;英勇的;记叙英雄及其事迹的;夸张的;n.史诗;英勇行为; convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
What they had was dopa-responsive dystonia . 多巴反应性肌张力失常
dystonia:n.[医]肌张力障碍;
And so they were given L-Dopa , and their symptoms did improve , but they weren't totally asymptomatic . 所以采用L－多巴治疗 他们的病情确实有所改善 但是并没有完全消除
L-Dopa:n.左旋多巴(等于levodopa); improve:v.改进;改善; asymptomatic:adj.无症状的;
Significant problems remained. 仍然存在严重的问题
Turns out the gentleman in this picture is a guy named Joe Beery, who was lucky enough to be the CIO of a company called Life Technologies . 照片中的男士叫乔?毕瑞 很幸运地他是 一家叫做生命科技的公司的首席信息官
Technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
They're one of the two companies that makes these massive whole genome sequencing tools. 这家公司是 提供基因组测序设备的两大供应商之一
And so what he did was he got his kids sequenced. 所以他测定他的孩子（的基因）
And what they found was a series of mutations in a gene called SPR, which is responsible for producing serotonin , among other things. 他们发现了SPR基因上的一个系列突变 这个片段与产生血清素的功能相关
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; mutations:n.[遗]突变;变化;转变(mutation的复数形式); responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的; serotonin:n.[生化]血清素;5-羟色胺(血管收缩素);
So on top of L-Dopa, they gave these kids a serotonin precursor drug, and they're effectively normal now. 所以除了L－多巴,他们也用血清素前体药物辅以治疗 孩子们恢复正常了
precursor:n.先驱,前导;
Guys, this would never have happened without whole genome sequencing. 各位,没有基因组测序这些都无法实现
And at the time -- this was a few years ago -- it cost 100,000. 当时,几年前的时候,花费高达10万美元
Today it's 10,000. Next year it's 1,000. 如今是一万美元,明年会是一千
The year after it's 100, give or take a year. 后年是一百
That's how fast this is moving. 就是这么快
So here's little Nick -- likes Batman and squirt guns. 这是小尼克 他喜欢蝙蝠侠和水枪
Batman:n.勤务兵;传令兵;蝙蝠侠; squirt:v.(使)喷射;喷;n.喷射出的一股液体;小矮子;小屁孩;
And it turns out Nick shows up at the Children's Hospital with this distended belly like a famine victim . 尼克去儿童医院接受治疗 他的肚子涨得像饥荒儿童一样
distended:vt.使…膨胀;使…扩张;vi.扩张;膨胀; belly:n.腹部;胃;食欲;v.涨满;鼓起; famine:n.饥荒; victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者;
And it's not that he's not eating, it's that when he eats, his intestine basically opens up and feces spill out into his gut . 这不是因为他不吃 而是他吃的时候,他的肠子就打开 废物进入腹腔
intestine:adj.内部的;国内的;n.肠; basically:adv.主要地,基本上; feces:n.排泄物;渣滓; spill:v.溢出;涌出;蜂拥而出;n.跌落;洒出(量);泼出(量);溢出(量); gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的
so a hundred surgeries later, he looks at his mom and says, "Mom, please pray for me. I'm in so much pain." 在经历了无数手术后 他看着妈妈说“妈妈, 为我祈祷吧,我十分痛苦“
surgeries:n.外科手术(surgery复数);
His pediatrician happens to have a background in clinical genetics . 他的儿科医生恰好有临床遗传学方面的背景
pediatrician:n.儿科医师(等于pediatrist); clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; genetics:n.遗传学;
And he has no idea what's going on, but he says, "Let's get this kid's genome sequence." 他不知道问题出在哪儿 他说”让我们给他做基因组测序吧“
And what they find is a single-point mutation in a gene responsible for controlling programmed cell death. 然后他们在控制程序性细胞死亡的基因上 发现一个单点突变
So the theory is that he's having some immunological reaction to what's going on to the food essentially , and that's a natural reaction, which causes some programmed cell death. 所以根源就是他对 食物有种免疫反应 这是种自然反应,它会导致程序性细胞死亡
immunological:adj.免疫学的; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用; essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
But the gene that regulates that down in broken. 但这个基因的此种功能出现问题
regulates:控制;管理;
And so this informs , among other things, of course, a treatment for bone marrow transplant , which he undertakes . 所以对于这个问题 他接受了骨髓移植的治疗
informs:v.通知:通告:了解:熟悉(inform的第三人称单数)) treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; transplant:v.移植;迁移;使移居;n.移植;移居者; undertakes:vt.承担,保证;从事;同意;试图;
And after nine months of grueling recovery , he's now eating steak with A1 sauce . 9个月艰难的康复期后 他能吃A1沙司了
grueling:adj.累人的;紧张的;使极度疲劳的; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获; sauce:n.酱;调味汁;讨厌的话(或举动);v.给…加滋味;(俚)对…说冒昧话;
(Laughter) （笑声）
The prospect of using the genome as a universal diagnostic is upon us today. 利用基因组 作为万能诊断方法的前景 正在到来
prospect:n.展望;前景;希望;前途;v.勘探;探矿; universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; diagnostic:adj.诊断的;特征的;n.诊断法;诊断结论;
Today, it's here. 就是今天,就在这里
And what it means for all of us is that everybody in this room could live an extra five, 10, 20 years just because of this one thing. 这对这屋子里的每一个人来说 意味着我们可以多活十到二十年 就是因为这项技术
extra:adj.额外的:n.额外的事物:adv.额外:另外:
Which is a fantastic story, unless you think about humanity's footprint on the planet and our ability to keep up food production. 这是个神奇的故事 当然还有人类遍布全球的足迹 和我们追赶粮食产量的能力
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 footprint:n.足迹;脚印;
So it turns out that the very same technology is also being used to grow new lines of corn, wheat, soybean and other crops that are highly tolerant of drought , of flood, of pests and pesticides . 不过 这项技术 同样可以被利用于 种植新型玉米,麦子,大豆和其他粮食 能够抵抗干旱和洪水 害虫和杀虫剂
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; soybean:n.大豆;黄豆; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; tolerant:adj.宽容的;容忍的;有耐药力的; drought:n.干旱;缺乏; pesticides:n.[农药]农药;[农药]杀虫剂(pesticide的复数);
Now look, as long as we continue to increase the population, we're going to have to continue to grow and eat genetically modified foods, and that's the only position that I'll take today. 随着人口不断增长 我们会不得不使用转基因产品 这是我的唯一立场
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; genetically modified:adj.(植物等)遗传修饰的;
Unless there's anybody in the audience that would like to volunteer to stop eating? 除非观众中有人 决定绝食
volunteer:n.志愿者;志愿兵;adj.志愿的;v.自愿;
None, not one. 不,没人会
This is a typewriter, a staple of every desktop for decades. 这是个打字机 数十年前每个书桌上都有一个
staple:n.主要产品; adj.主要的,常用的; v.把…分级; desktop:n.桌面;桌面(显示使用程序图标的计算机屏幕);
And in fact, the typewriter was essentially deleted by this thing. 实际上,打字机完全被这个取代了
And then more general versions of word processors came about. 然后是更多代文字处理器面世
processors:n.加工机(或工人);处理器;处理机;(processor的复数)
But ultimately , it was a disruption on top of a disruption. 不过,最令人措手不及的
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; disruption:n.破坏,毁坏;分裂,瓦解;
It was Bob Metcalfe inventing the Ethernet and the connection of all these computers that fundamentally changed everything. 还是鲍勃?梅得卡夫发明了以太网 电脑的联网 革命性地改变了一切
Ethernet:n.[计]以太网; fundamentally:adv.从根本上;基础地;重要地
And suddenly we had Netscape, and we had Yahoo , and we had, indeed, the entire dotcom bubble . 突然我们就有了Netscape,雅虎 然后是整个互联网的泡沫经济
Yahoo:n.粗鲁的人; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Not to worry though, that was quickly rescued by the iPod, Facebook and, indeed, angry birds. 不过别担心 iPod, Facebook又拯救了我们 当然还有愤怒地小鸟
rescued:v.营救;援救;抢救;(rescue的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) （笑声）
Look, this is where we are today. 这就是我们今天所处（的环境）
This is the genomic revolution today. This is where we are. 这是基因革命地时代,我们所处地时代
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
So what I'd you to consider is: 我希望你们考虑的是:
What does it mean when these dots don't represent the individual basis of your genome, but they connect to genomes all across the planet? 如果这些点不是代表你的基因的碱基 而是整个星球上基因相连 这意味着什么？
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
So I just recently had to buy life insurance . 我不久前才买了人身保险
recently:adv.最近;新近; life insurance:人寿保险的;人寿保险;
And I was required to answer: 我被这样问道:
A, I have never had a genetic test. B, I've had one, here you go. A.我从来没有进行过基因测试,B.我有过,没戏了
And C, I've had one and I'm not telling. C.我有过但我不说出来
Thankfully , I was able to answer A, and I say that honestly in case my life insurance agent is listening. 很幸运,我还能选A 要是我的保险代理人在听着的话我可确实没说谎
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; agent:n.代理人,代理商;药剂;特工;v由…作中介;由…代理;adj.代理的;
But what would have happened if I had said C? 如果我选的是C呢？
Consumer applications for genomics, they will flourish . 基因组学的消费需求将大大增加
Consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; flourish:n.兴旺; vt.夸耀; vi.繁荣,兴旺;
Do you want to see whether you're genetically compatible with your girlfriend? Sure. 你想不想知道 你跟女友的基因是否兼容？当然
compatible:adj.兼容的;能共处的;可并立的;
DNA sequencing on your iPhone? There's an app for that. 要不要在你的iPhone上基因测序？有这么一个应用
(Laughter) （笑声）
Personalized genomic massage anyone? 有人想要个人定制的基因学按摩吗？
Personalized:v.在…上标明主人姓名; (personalize的过去分词和过去式) massage:v.按摩;推拿;用…揉擦(皮肤,头发等);美化(事实);n.按摩;
There's already a lab today that tests for allele 334 of the AVPR1 gene -- the so-called cheating gene. 如今已经有个实验室 为AVPR1基因上的等位基因334测序 所谓的欺骗基因
allele:n.[遗]等位基因; so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的;
So anybody who's here today with your significant other , just turn over to them and swab their mouth, send it to the lab and you'll know for sure. 谁今天是和你重要的另一半一起来的 只要转过去,刮下他／她的口腔 寄到那个实验室你就知道了
significant other:n.有特殊关系的那一位(如配偶、情人、恋人); swab:n.药签,[外科]拭子; vt.打扫,擦拭;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Do you really want to elect a president whose genome suggests cardiomyopathy ? 你想不想选一个 可能患心肌病的总统？
cardiomyopathy:n.(尤指原发性的)心肌症;
Now think of it, it's 2016 and the leading candidate releases , not only her four years of back tax returns, but also her personal genome. 假设,现在是2016年 竞选人不仅公开 她四年的税后申报 还有她的个人基因组
releases:n.释放; vt.释放;
And it looks really good. 看上去很不错
And then she challenges all of her competitors to do the same. 然后她要求其他的竞争者也这么做
Do you think that's not going to happen? 你觉得这不可能发生？
Do you think it would have helped John McCain? 你觉得这会帮到约翰?麦凯恩？
(Laughter) （笑声）
How many people in the audience have the last name Resnick like me? Raise your hand. 观众里有多少人 跟我同一个姓,雷斯尼克？请举手
last name:n.姓;姓氏;
Anybody? Nobody. 有人是吗？ 没有
Typically, there's one or two. 明显,有一两个
So my father's father was one of 10 Resnick brothers. 我父亲是雷斯尼克10兄弟种的一个
They all hated each other. 他们相互不喜欢
And they all moved to different parts of the planet. 他们移居到这世界上不同的角落
So it's likely that I'm related to every Resnick that I ever meet, but I don't know. 所以好比 我与我遇到过的雷斯尼克都有关系,但我不确定
But imagine if my genome were deidentified, sitting in software, and a third cousin's genome was also sitting there, and there was software that could compare these two and make these associations . 试想如果我的基因组被确定,保存在软件里 一个三表兄弟的基因组也是 有软件可以对比两个（样本） 并且联系上
associations:n.协会,[遗]关联(association复数);关联分析,协会组织;
Not hard to imagine. My company has software that does this right now. 不难想像,我的公司就有这样的软件
And so imagine one more thing that that software is able to ask both parties for mutual consents , would you be willing to meet your third cousin? 那么再像一下 如果软件可向双方征询同意书 “你想不想与你的三表兄见面？”
mutual:adj.共同的;相互的,彼此的; consents:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成;
And if we both say yes, voila ! welcome to chromosomally LinkedIn . 如果两人都说是 耶！欢迎来到染色体LinkedIn网站
voila:int.(法)瞧;可不是; chromosomally:染色体; LinkedIn:人际关系网;邻客音;社交网站;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Now this is probably a good thing, right. 这也许是个好事
You have bigger clan gatherings and so on. 你可以有个大家族
clan:n.家族;庞大的家族;宗派;帮派; gatherings:n.聚会;集会;收集;采集;(gathering的复数)
But maybe it's a bad thing as well. 也可能是坏事
How many fathers in the room? Raise your hands. 这屋子里有多少父亲？请举手
Okay, so experts think that one to three percent of you are not actually the father of your child. 好的,专家认为你们中间百分之一到三的人 并不是你孩子的父亲
(Laughter) （笑声）
Look -- 这个－
(Laughter) （笑声）
These genomes, these 23 chromosomes, they don't in any way represent the quality of our relationships or the nature of our society -- at least not yet. 这些基因组,这23个染色体 它们并不代表我们人际关系的质量 或者我们这个社会的性质－至少目前还没有
And like any new technology, it's really in humanities hands to wield it for the betterment of mankind , or not. 如同任何新科技 都取决与人类自己 是否用于对人类有益的一面
humanities:n.人文学科(humanity的复数); wield:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等); betterment:n.改善,改进;改良;涨价; mankind:n.人类;男性;
And so I urge you all to wake up and to tune in and to influence the genomic revolution that's happening all around you. 所以我强烈期望你们所有人醒悟 并参与到这场发生在你们周围的基因革命
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐; influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变;
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) （鼓掌）