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ReshmaSaujani_2016-_女孩要勇敢而不必完美_
So a few years ago, 几年前,
I did something really brave, or some would say really stupid. 我做了一些非常勇敢的事, 或许有些人会说很愚蠢的事。
I ran for Congress . 我参选国会议员。
Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交;
For years, I had existed safely behind the scenes in politics as a fundraiser , as an organizer , but in my heart, I always wanted to run. 很多年来,我安全地存在于政治活动背后 作为资金筹集人,作为组织者, 但我的内心,我一直希望参选。
behind the scenes:adj.幕后的; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) fundraiser:n.资金筹集人;资金筹集活动; organizer:n.组织者;承办单位;[生物]组织导体;
The sitting congresswoman had been in my district since 1992. 我所在选区的国会议员女士从1992年起担任这个职务。
congresswoman:n.(美)国会女议员;众议院女议员;
She had never lost a race, and no one had really even run against her in a Democratic primary. 她从未输过一场选战, 没有人真正认真地在民主选举中与她竞争。
run against:v.撞上;偶遇;违反;与…竞选; Democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
But in my mind, this was my way to make a difference , to disrupt the status quo . 但在我心中,这就是我 创造不同的方式, 改变现状。
make a difference:有影响,有关系; disrupt:vt.破坏;使瓦解;使分裂;使中断;使陷于混乱;adj.分裂的,中断的;分散的; status quo:n.现状;原来的状况;
The polls , however, told a very different story. 民意调查,然而,显示出完全不同的故事。
polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式);
My pollsters told me that I was crazy to run, that there was no way that I could win. 我的民调专家告诉我我要参选简直疯了, 我不可能会赢。
pollsters:民意测验专家;民意调查人(pollster的名词复数);
But I ran anyway, and in 2012, I became an upstart in a New York City congressional race. 但我还是参选了, 在2012年,我成了崛起的新秀参选纽约市国会竞选。
upstart:n.暴发户; adj.暴富的; vt.使…突然跳起; vi.突然跳起; congressional:adj.国会的;会议的;议会的;
I swore I was going to win. 我发誓我会赢。
I had the endorsement from the New York Daily News, the Wall Street Journal snapped pictures of me on election day, and CNBC called it one of the hottest races in the country. 我得到了《纽约每日新闻》的认可, 《华尔街日报》刊登了我在选举日的照片, 美国全国广播公司财经频道称之为全国范围内最热的选战。
endorsement:n.赞同,支持,认可;宣传,代言;违章记录; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地); Journal:n.杂志;日记;日志;(用于报纸名)…报; snapped:v.断裂,绷断; (snap的过去分词和过去式)
I raised money from everyone I knew, including Indian aunties that were just so happy an Indian girl was running. 我从我认识的每个人那里筹钱, 包括印度阿姨们 她们很高兴一个印度女生参选。
aunties:n.舅妈,伯母;阿姨;
But on election day, the polls were right, and I only got 19 percent of the vote, and the same papers that said I was a rising political star now said I wasted 1.3 million dollars on 6,321 votes. 但选举日,民调是对的, 我只拿到了19%的选票, 那张曾称我为新兴政治明星的报纸 现在却说我浪费了130万美金 在6321张选票上。
Don't do the math . 不要算数字。
do the math:盘算一下;
It was humiliating . 太丢脸了。
humiliating:adj.让人出丑的;丢脸的;v.羞辱;使丧失尊严;(humiliate的现在分词)
Now, before you get the wrong idea, this is not a talk about the importance of failure. 现在,在你们得到错误观点前, 这不是一个讲述失败有多重要的演说。
Nor is it about leaning in. 也不是说女孩要向前一步。
leaning:n.倾向;偏向;爱好;v.前俯(或后仰);倾斜;倚靠;(lean的现在分词)
I tell you the story of how I ran for Congress because I was 33 years old and it was the first time in my entire life that I had done something that was truly brave, where I didn't worry about being perfect. 我讲述的故事是我如何参选国会议员的 因为我只有33岁 这是我人生中第一次 做出真正勇敢的事, 没有担心完美。
And I'm not alone: so many women I talk to tell me that they gravitate towards careers and professions that they know they're going to be great in, that they know they're going to be perfect in, and it's no wonder why. 我不是一个人: 太多女士曾告诉我 她们多么被职业和专业吸引 她们知道她们会做得很好, 她们知道她们会非常完美, 不足为奇。
gravitate:vi.受引力作用;被吸引; careers:n.职业(career的复数);事业;职业生涯;v.全速前进(career的三单形式); professions:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;(profession的复数)
Most girls are taught to avoid risk and failure. 绝大多数的女孩被教育来规避风险和失败。
We're taught to smile pretty, play it safe , get all A's. 我们被教育要有漂亮的微笑, 不要冒险,课程拿全A。
play it safe:明哲保身;谨慎行事;
Boys, on the other hand , are taught to play rough, swing high, crawl to the top of the monkey bars and then just jump off headfirst . 男孩们,另一方面来说, 被教育成要更加勇猛,冲击更高的目标, 爬上单杠最高的那层然后往下跳。
on the other hand:另一方面; crawl:v.爬;匍匐行进;(昆虫)爬行;缓慢行进;n.爬泳;缓慢的速度;自由泳; headfirst:adv.不顾前后地;头向前地;
And by the time they're adults, whether they're negotiating a raise or even asking someone out on a date, they're habituated to take risk after risk. 当他们成长为大人, 无论他们是在谈判加薪或是约某人出去玩, 他们习惯于接受一个一个挑战。
negotiating:v.谈判;磋商;协商;商定;达成协议;(negotiate的现在分词) habituated:adj.熟悉(某事)的; v.使自己习惯于; (habituate的过去式和过去分词)
They're rewarded for it. 他们也为此得到回报奖赏。
rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式)
It's often said in Silicon Valley , no one even takes you seriously unless you've had two failed start-ups . 在硅谷有这样的说法, 没人把你当回事除非你创业失败两次以上。
Silicon Valley:n.硅谷(美国加利福尼亚州一处计算机和电子公司聚集地,有时用以指任何计算机公司聚集地); start-ups:起动;新兴公司(start-up的名词复数);
In other words, we're raising our girls to be perfect, and we're raising our boys to be brave. 另一句话说, 我们教育培养女孩子们追求完美, 我们教育培养男孩子们要勇敢。
Some people worry about our federal deficit , but I, I worry about our bravery deficit. 有些人担心我们的联邦赤字, 但是,我担心我们的勇气赤字。
federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; deficit:n.赤字;逆差;亏损;不足额; bravery:n.勇敢;勇气;
Our economy , our society, we're just losing out because we're not raising our girls to be brave. 我们的经济,我们的社会,我们在遭受损失, 因为我们没有教育女孩子们要勇敢。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
The bravery deficit is why women are underrepresented in STEM , in C-suites, in boardrooms , in Congress, and pretty much everywhere you look. 勇气赤字就是为什么女性在科学技术工程数学（STEM）领域, 在企业高管层,在董事会,在国会, 在你所看到的任何地方都未被充分代表。
underrepresented:adj.代表名额不足的;未被充分代表的; STEM:n.花草的茎或梗;高脚酒杯的脚;烟斗柄;词干;v.阻止;封堵;遏止; boardrooms:n.董事会会议室;(boardroom的复数)
In the 1980s, psychologist Carol Dweck looked at how bright fifth graders handled an assignment that was too difficult for them. 在1980年代,心理学家Carol Dweck 观察研究了五年级学生如何处理一项 对他们来说太困难的作业。
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; Carol:v.欢乐地歌唱;唱耶诞颂歌;n.颂歌,赞美诗;欢乐之歌; graders:分级机;分类机;…年级学生;[建]平地机(grader的复数); assignment:n.分配:(分派的)工作,任务:
She found that bright girls were quick to give up. 她发现,聪明的女孩们很快就放弃了。
The higher the IQ, the more likely they were to give up. 智商越高的女孩,放弃的可能性越大。
Bright boys, on the other hand, found the difficult material to be a challenge. 男孩们, 将困难的材料视为一个挑战。
They found it energizing . 他们为此精力充沛。
energizing:v.激励(energize的现在分词);通电;
They were more likely to redouble their efforts. 他们更倾向于双倍努力。
redouble:vt.再加倍;把…再折叠;循著…折回;vi.加倍;回响;急速折回;n.再加倍;
What's going on? 发生了什么？
Well, at the fifth grade level, girls routinely outperform boys in every subject, including math and science, so it's not a question of ability. 嗯,在五年级, 女孩总的来说比男孩在各个科目的表现都要好, 包括数学和科学, 所以这不是能力的问题。
routinely:adv.例行公事地;老一套地; outperform:vt.胜过;做得比…好;
The difference is in how boys and girls approach a challenge. 不同点在于男孩和女孩如何看待挑战。
approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
And it doesn't just end in fifth grade. 这不止于五年级。
An HP report found that men will apply for a job if they meet only 60 percent of the qualifications , but women, women will apply only if they meet 100 percent of the qualifications. 一份惠普报告指出男性会递出工作申请 如果他们只达到60%的招聘要求, 而女性,女性只有在 100%达到招聘要求的时候才会递出申请。
apply:v.申请;涂,敷;应用;适用;请求; qualifications:n.资格证书;任职资格;职位要求;限定性条件(qualification的复数形式);
100 percent. 百分之百。
This study is usually invoked as evidence that, well, women need a little more confidence . 这份研究通常会被作为证据来说,嗯, 女性需要更多的自信。
invoked:v.叫唤(invoke的过去式,过去分词); evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的;
But I think it's evidence that women have been socialized to aspire to perfection , and they're overly cautious . 但我认为这是证据 说明女性长期被赋予追逐完美, 她们太过谨慎了。
socialized:adj.社会化;v.使社会化(socialize的过去分词);社交; aspire:v.渴望(成就);有志(成为); perfection:n.完善;完美; overly:adv.过度地;极度地; cautious:adj.谨慎的;十分小心的;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
And even when we're ambitious , even when we're leaning in, that socialization of perfection has caused us to take less risks in our careers. 即使是当我们雄心勃勃, 即使我们向前一步, 社会对完美的要求 让我们在职业发展中选择冒更小的风险。
ambitious:adj.野心勃勃的;有雄心的;热望的;炫耀的; socialization:n.社会化,社会主义化;
And so those 600,000 jobs that are open right now in computing and tech, women are being left behind, and it means our economy is being left behind on all the innovation and problems women would solve if they were socialized to be brave instead of socialized to be perfect. 现在,在计算机和科技领域, 有六十万个开放申请的工作职位, 女性被抛在了后面, 这也意味着我们的经济被远远抛在了后面 女性可以解决的创新和难题 如果女性被教育要勇敢 而不是完美。
computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
So in 2012, I started a company to teach girls to code, and what I found is that by teaching them to code 在2012年,我创办了一家公司教女孩如何编程, 我发现,通过教她们如何编程
I had socialized them to be brave. 我令她们更加勇敢。
Coding , it's an endless process of trial and error, of trying to get the right command in the right place, with sometimes just a semicolon making the difference between success and failure. 编程,是一个无止尽的过程实验和错误, 试着将对的指令放在合适的地方, 有时只是一个分号 就能决定成功还是失败。
Coding:n.译码;v.把…编码;(code的现在分词) endless:adj.无止境的;连续的;环状的;漫无目的的; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; semicolon:n.分号;
Code breaks and then it falls apart, and it often takes many, many tries until that magical moment when what you're trying to build comes to life. 编码出错了随后七零八落, 时常需要很多很多次试验 直到那个神奇的时刻 你想要搭建的程序完成了。
It requires perseverance . 它需要持之以恒的努力。
perseverance:n.坚持不懈;不屈不挠;n.耐性;毅力;
It requires imperfection . 需要接受不完美。
imperfection:n.不完美;瑕疵;缺点;
We immediately see in our program our girls' fear of not getting it right, of not being perfect. 我们立即发现在项目里 女孩们害怕出错, 害怕不完美。
Every Girls Who Code teacher tells me the same story. 每个女孩的指导老师都和我说一样的故事。
During the first week, when the girls are learning how to code, a student will call her over and she'll say, "I don't know what code to write." 在第一周,当女孩们试着学习如何编程, 一个学生叫她过去她说到, “我不知道要写那个编码。”
The teacher will look at her screen, and she'll see a blank text editor . 当老师看她的屏幕, 会看到一个完全空白的界面。
text editor:n.文本编辑系统(或程序);文字编辑器;
If she didn't know any better, she'd think that her student spent the past 20 minutes just staring at the screen. 如果她不知道原因的话,她也许会想 她的学生在过去的20分钟里只是盯着屏幕发呆。
staring:adj.凝视的,目不转睛的;显眼的;v.凝视;盯着看;显眼;(stare的现在分词)
But if she presses undo a few times, she'll see that her student wrote code and then deleted it. 但如果她点击几下撤销键, 他就会看到她的学生写了代码随后又删掉了它们。
She tried, she came close, but she didn't get it exactly right. 她尝试了,她接近目标了, 但是她没有完全答对。
Instead of showing the progress that she made, she'd rather show nothing at all. 比起展现她经历的过程, 她宁可什么都不展现。
Perfection or bust . 要么完美要么什么也没有。
bust:n.(石或金属的)半身像; v.打破; adj.破碎;
It turns out that our girls are really good at coding, but it's not enough just to teach them to code. 结果显示女孩们非常善于编程, 但教给她们如何写代码是完全不够的。
My friend Lev Brie, who is a professor at the University of Columbia and teaches intro to Java tells me about his office hours with computer science students. 我的朋友Lev Brie,是哥伦比亚大学的教授 他教授Java编程 他告诉我他对电脑科学学生开放的咨询时间里发生的故事。
intro:n.介绍;简介; office hours:n.办公时间; computer science:n.计算机科学;
When the guys are struggling with an assignment, they'll come in and they'll say, "Professor, there's something wrong with my code." 当男生们艰难应对一个作业的时候, 他们会过来然后说, “教授,我编的程序出了点问题。”
The girls will come in and say, "Professor, there's something wrong with me." 女生们会过来然后说, “教授,我出了点问题。”
We have to begin to undo the socialization of perfection, but we've got to combine it with building a sisterhood that lets girls know that they are not alone. 我们必须要撤销对女性社会化的完美主义, 我们必须要将这和建立女性支持系统一起 让女孩们知道她们并不孤单。
sisterhood:n.姐妹关系;妇女团体;
Because trying harder is not going to fix a broken system. 因为再努力地尝试也无法修补一个破裂的系统。
I can't tell you how many women tell me, "I'm afraid to raise my hand, 太多的女性朋友告诉我, “我害怕举手发言,
I'm afraid to ask a question, because I don't want to be the only one who doesn't understand, the only one who is struggling. 我害怕问问题, 因为我不想做那个 那个唯一不懂的人, 那个唯一挣扎的人。
When we teach girls to be brave and we have a supportive network cheering them on, they will build incredible things, and I see this every day. 当我们教女孩们要勇敢 我们要有支持她们的系统来鼓励她们, 她们会有伟大的成就, 我每天都看到这些事。
supportive:adj.支持的;支援的;赞助的; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
Take, for instance , two of our high school students who built a game called Tampon Run -- yes, Tampon Run -- to fight against the menstruation taboo and sexism in gaming. 举个例子,两个高中学生 制作了一个游戏叫做 卫生棉逃亡--（译者注:和游戏”神庙逃亡“谐音） 对,卫生棉逃亡-- 来反对游戏中的月经标记 和对女性的歧视。
instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例; Tampon:n.棉塞,卫生棉条,止血棉塞;v.用棉塞住; menstruation:n.[生理]月经;月经期间;有月经; taboo:n.禁忌;禁止;adj.禁忌的;忌讳的;vt.禁忌;禁止; sexism:n.(针对女性的)性别歧视;男性至上主义;
Or the Syrian refugee who dared show her love for her new country by building an app to help Americans get to the polls. 或是叙利亚难民 她展示了对新国家的爱 制作了一款应用程序让美国人轻松了解民调。
Syrian:adj.叙利亚的;叙利亚人的;叙利亚语的;n.叙利亚人;叙利亚语; refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的;
Or a 16-year-old girl who built an algorithm to help detect whether a cancer is benign or malignant in the off chance that she can save her daddy's life because he has cancer. 或是一个16岁的女孩她建立了一套运算系统 来帮助测算癌症是良性的还是恶性的, 抱着一丝希望能救她 患癌症的父亲。
detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测; cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤; benign:adj.良性的;和蔼的,亲切的;吉利的; malignant:adj.[医]恶性的;有害的;有恶意的;n.保王党员;怀恶意的人; off chance:n.极罕见的机会;极小的;
These are just three examples of thousands, thousands of girls who have been socialized to be imperfect, who have learned to keep trying, who have learned perseverance. 这只是成千上万个例子中的三个, 成千上万个女孩被社会化为不完美的, 她们学习如何不断尝试,学着如何持之以恒。
And whether they become coders or the next Hillary Clinton or Beyoncé, they will not defer their dreams. 无论她们未来会成为程序员 或是下一个希拉里·克林顿或是碧昂斯, 她们不会推迟自己的梦想。
coders:n.编码器;编码员; Hillary:n.希拉里(美国国务卿); defer:vi.推迟;延期;服从;vt.使推迟;使延期;
And those dreams have never been more important for our country. 这些梦想对我们国家来说是多么重要。
For the American economy, for any economy to grow, to truly innovate , we cannot leave behind half our population. 对美国的经济,对任何成长中的经济, 对真正的创新开发, 我们不能丢下半数的人口。
innovate:vi.创新;改革;革新;vt.改变;创立;创始;引人; leave behind:留下,丢下
We have to socialize our girls to be comfortable with imperfection, and we've got to do it now. 我们需要社会化地教女孩们适应习惯不完美, 我们现在开始就要这样做。
We cannot wait for them to learn how to be brave like I did when I was 33 years old. 我们不能等到她们自己去学习如何勇敢 就像我33岁时那样。
We have to teach them to be brave in schools and early in their careers, when it has the most potential to impact their lives and the lives of others, and we have to show them that they will be loved and accepted not for being perfect but for being courageous . 我们要教她们勇敢在学校 在职业起步的时期, 在能够影响她们的人生以及其他人的人生 重要的时期, 要让她们知道她们会被爱被接受 不是因为完美 而是因为充满勇气。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; courageous:adj.有胆量的,勇敢的;
And so I need each of you to tell every young woman you know -- your sister, your niece , your employee, your colleague -- to be comfortable with imperfection, because when we teach girls to be imperfect, and we help them leverage it, 我需要你们每个人告诉你认识的每个年轻女士 -- 你的姐妹,你的侄女,你的雇员,你的同事 -- 习惯接受不完美, 因为当我们告诉女孩不必完美的时候, 我们帮助她们平衡这样的关系,
niece:n.外甥女,侄女; colleague:n.同事,同僚; leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购;
we will build a movement of young women who are brave and who will build a better world for themselves and for each and every one of us. 我们会有更多勇敢的年轻女士 这些女士为她们自己 和我们每个人建立更好的世界。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Thank you. 谢谢。
Chris Anderson: Reshma, thank you. 克里斯·安德森:Reshma,谢谢你。
It's such a powerful vision you have. You have a vision. 这是非常强大的憧憬。你很有眼光。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见;
Tell me how it's going. 现在进行的怎么样了。
How many girls are involved now in your program? 现在有多少女孩加入了你的项目活动？
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
Reshma Saujani: Yeah. So in 2012, we taught 20 girls. Reshma Saujani:是的。在2012年,有20个女孩参与。
This year we'll teach 40,000 in all 50 states. 今年,我们有4万名女孩来自美国50个州。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
And that number is really powerful, because last year we only graduated 7,500 women in computer science. 这个数字真的很厉害, 因为去年我们只有7500名女性拿到电脑科学的学位。
Like, the problem is so bad that we can make that type of change quickly. 问题很严重 所以我们才能快速做出改变。
CA: And you're working with some of the companies in this room even, who are welcoming graduates from your program? CA:你和现在会场里一些公司合作 它们欢迎你结业于你的项目的学生吗？
RS: Yeah, we have about 80 partners, from Twitter to Facebook to Adobe to IBM to Microsoft to Pixar to Disney , RS:是的,我们有大概80个合作公司, 从推特到脸书 还有Adobe,IBM,微软皮克斯,还有迪斯尼,
Adobe:n.(建筑用)黏土;黏土坯;adj.用砖坯砌的; Pixar:n.皮克斯;皮克斯动画工作室; Disney:n.迪斯尼(美国动画影片制作家及制片人);
I mean, every single company out there. 我是说,每一家公司。
And if you're not signed up, I'm going to find you, because we need every single tech company to embed a Girls Who Code classroom in their office. 如果你还没和我们签合作,我会去找你, 因为我们需要每个科技公司 都有能够编程的女孩在他们的办公室工作。
embed:vt.栽种;使嵌入,使插入;使深留脑中;
CA: And you have some stories back from some of those companies that when you mix in more gender balance in the engineering teams, good things happen. CA:你有一些故事来自于那些公司 当公司性别更平等的时候 在工程队,有好事情发生。
gender:n.性别; engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
RS: Great things happen. RS:太棒的事情了。
I mean, I think that it's crazy to me to think about the fact that right now 85 percent of all consumer purchases are made by women. 我是说,对我来说这样的事实简直令人发疯 85%的消费行为来自于女性。
consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者; purchases:v.[贸易]购买; n.所购物;
Women use social media at a rate of 600 percent more than men. 女性使用社交媒体的比率是男性的六倍。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
We own the Internet, and we should be building the companies of tomorrow. 我们拥有网络, 我们未来会创建公司。
And I think when companies have diverse teams, and they have incredible women that are part of their engineering teams, they build awesome things, and we see it every day. 我想,当公司的团队更加多元化, 他们的工程队有卓越的女性, 他们会建造美好的建筑,我们每天都看到这些。
diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
CA: Reshma, you saw the reaction there. You're doing incredibly important work. CA:Reshma,你看到了现场观众的反应。你在做卓越又重要的工作。
reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
This whole community is cheering you on. More power to you. Thank you. 整个群体都在为你欢呼打气。希望你更加成功。谢谢。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
RS: Thank you. RS:谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）