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RebeccaKleinberger_2017X-_你为什么不喜欢你自己的声音_
If you ask evolutionary biologists when did humans become humans, some of them will say that, well, at some point we started standing on our feet, became biped and became the masters of our environment. 如果你问生物进化学家们 人类是在什么时候变成人的, 有些人会说, 在我们开始能够站立, 变成两足生物,成为环境的主导者。
evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的; biologists:n.生物学家(biologist的复数); biped:adj.有两足的;n.两足动物;
Others will say that because our brain started growing much bigger, that we were able to have much more complex cognitive processes . 其他人会说,因为我们的 大脑开始逐渐越长越大, 因此我们拥有更加复杂的认知过程。
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
And others might argue that it's because we developed language that allowed us to evolve as a species . 有些人可能会说 那是因为我们发展了语言, 使得我们可以作为一种物种进化。
evolve:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Interestingly , those three phenomena are all connected. 有趣的是,那三种情况 都是有关联的。
Interestingly:adv.有趣地; phenomena:n.现象(phenomenon的复数);
We are not sure how or in which order, but they are all linked with the change of shape of a little bone in the back of your neck that changed the angle between our head and our body. 我们不清楚是怎么样的顺序, 但是它们都是和 你后颈的那一块,因其形状变化 而导致你的头部和身体的角度变化的 小骨头联系在一起的。
That means we were able to stand upright but also for our brain to evolve in the back and for our voice box to grow from seven centimeters for primates to 11 and up to 17 centimetres for humans. 这样才使我们能够直立, 同样也使得我们的后脑进化, 我们的喉头从灵长类的七厘米 长成到人类的十一到十七厘米。
upright:n.立柱;adj.直立的;挺直的;竖直的;垂直的;adv.竖立着;垂直着; centimeters:n.[计量]厘米(centimeter的复数); primates:n.灵长类;
And this is called the descent of the larynx . 这就是喉头的由来。
descent:n.下降;血统;袭击;vt.除去…的气味;使…失去香味; larynx:n.[解剖]喉;喉头;
And the larynx is the site of your voice. 喉头就是你发声的地方。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
When baby humans are born today, their larynx is not descended yet. 当婴儿出生的时候, 他们还没有喉头,
descended:adj.出身于...的;从一个祖先传下来的;
That only happens at about three months old. 在三个月大的时候才长出喉头。
So, metaphorically , each of us here has relived the evolution of our whole species. 打个比方,在座的每个人 都重新体验了一遍人类的进化。
metaphorically:adv.隐喻地;用比喻; relived:v.再体验;复活;再生;
And talking about babies, when you were starting to develop in your mother's womb , the first sensation that you had coming from the outside world, at only three weeks old, when you were about the size of a shrimp , were through the tactile sensation coming from the vibrations of your mother's voice. 说到婴儿, 当你在母亲的子宫里开始成长, 你对外界产生的第一个感知, 在你只有几周大,还只有 一只虾那么大的时候, 是通过来自于你母亲声音震动 所产生的触觉。
womb:n.[解剖]子宫;发源地;vt.容纳; sensation:n.感觉;轰动;感动; shrimp:n.虾;小虾;矮小的人;vi.捕虾;adj.有虾的;虾制的; tactile:adj.[生理]触觉的,有触觉的;能触知的; vibrations:n.[力]振动;共鸣;动摇(vibration的复数);
So, as we can see, the human voice is quite meaningful and important at the level of the species, at the level of the society -- this is how we communicate and create bonds, and at the personal and interpersonal levels -- 因此我们可以看到人类的 声音在物种层面 是很有意义也是很重要的, 在社会层面也是如此—— 这是我们交流和建立连接的方式, 在个人和人与人之间的层面——
meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的; interpersonal:adj.人际关系的;人际的;
with our voice, we share much more than words and data, we share basically who we are. 有了声音,我们分享的 不仅仅是字和数据, 我们展示的是自己。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
And our voice is indistinguishable from how other people see us. 我们的声音和我们给别人的印象 是紧密联系在一起的。
indistinguishable:adj.不能区别的,不能辨别的;不易察觉的;
It is a mask that we wear in society. 这是我们在社会上戴的一个面具。
But our relationship with our own voice is far from obvious . 但是我们和自己声音的关系 并不是显而易见的。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
We rarely use our voice for ourselves; we use it as a gift to give to others. 我们很少把声音用在自己身上;我们 把声音当作一个给别人的礼物。
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
It is how we touch each other. 这就是我们接触对方的方式。
It's a dialectical grooming . 这是一种辩证的梳理。
dialectical:adj.辩证的;辩证法的;方言的; grooming:n.打扮;装束;刷洗;梳毛;v.擦洗;理毛;使作好准备;培养;(groom的现在分词)
But what do we think about our own voice? 但是我们是怎么看待 自己的声音的呢？
So please raise your hand if you don't like the sound of your voice when you hear it on a recording machine. 如果你不喜欢 录音带里自己的声音,请举手。
(Laughter) （笑）
Yeah, thank you, indeed, most people report not liking the sound of their voice recording. 谢谢,的确, 很多人反应说 不喜欢他们声音的录音。
So what does that mean? 那这意味着什么呢？
Let's try to understand that in the next 10 minutes. 让我们在接下来的十分钟内去尝试着 去搞懂这个问题。
I'm a researcher at the MIT Media Lab, part of the Opera of the Future group, and my research focuses on the relationship people have with their own voice and with the voices of others. 我是MIT媒体实验室的 一名研究人员, 也是“未来歌剧”组的一员, 我们的研究专注在 人们和自己的声音, 以及他人声音的关系上。
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; Opera:n.歌剧;歌剧院;歌剧艺术;歌剧剧本;
I study what we can learn from listening to voices, from the various fields, from neurology to biology , cognitive sciences, linguistics . 我的研究是关于 我们可以在不同的领域 从聆听中学到什么, 从神经学到生物学, 认知科学,语言学。
neurology:n.神经病学;神经学; biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; linguistics:n.语言学;
In our group we create tools and experiences to help people gain a better applied understanding of their voice in order to reduce the biases , to become better listeners , to create more healthy relationships or just to understand themselves better. 在研究组中,我们创造工具和体验 来帮助人们对自己的声音 产生更好的理解, 从而来减少偏见, 变成更好的聆听者, 建立更健康的人际关系, 又或者只是能够更好的了解自己。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式) biases:n.偏差,偏见(bias的复数形式);v.偏见(bias的三单形式); listeners:n.听众;监听器(listener的复数);
And this really has to come with a holistic approach on the voice. 这就要涉及到对声音的整体研究。
holistic:adj.整体的;全盘的; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
Because, think about all the applications and implications that the voice may have, as we discover more about it. 在我们更进一步的探究 这个话题的时候, 想一下声音可能含有的 所有的应用和含义吧。
implications:n.蕴涵式;暗指,暗示;含蓄,含意;卷入(implication的复数);
Your voice is a very complex phenomenon . 你的声音是一个非常复杂的现象。
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物);
It requires a synchronization of more than 100 muscles in your body. 它需要你身体里超过 一百块肌肉的同步运动。
synchronization:n.[物]同步;同时性; muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数);
And by listening to the voice, we can understand possible failures of what happens inside. 通过聆听自己的声音, 我们可以判断 身体可能出了什么毛病。
For example: listening to very specific types of turbulences and nonlinearity of the voice can help predict very early stages of Parkinson's, just through a phone call. 比如说: 通过一些很特别的不稳定气流 和非线性的声音, 可以帮助预测早期的帕金森病, 仅仅通过打电话就可以做到。
specific:adj.特殊的,特定的;明确的;详细的;[药]具有特效的;n.特性;细节;特效药; turbulences:n.骚乱,动荡;[流]湍流;狂暴; nonlinearity:n.[数]非线性; predict:v.预报;预言;预告;
Listening to the breathness of the voice can help detect heart disease . 监听呼吸声可以帮助诊断心脏病。
detect:vt.察觉;发现;探测; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
And we also know that the changes of tempo inside individual words is a very good marker of depression . 我们也知道,说话时改变 每一个字的节拍 是抑郁症一个明显的信号。
tempo:n.速度,发展速度;拍子; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; marker:n.记分员;书签;标识物;作记号的人; depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
Your voice is also very linked with your hormone levels. 你的声音也和体内的激素水平有关。
hormone:n.[生理]激素,荷尔蒙;
Third parties listening to female voices were able to very accurately place the speaker on their menstrual cycle. 第三方听女性的声音 可以很准确的判断出 说话者是否处于经期。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; accurately:adv.精确地,准确地; menstrual:adj.月经的;每月的;一月一次的;
Just with acoustic information. 仅仅是根据声音的信息。
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器;
And now with technology listening to us all the time, 现在有了能够 一直听我们说话的技术,
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
Alexa from Amazon Echo might be able to predict if you're pregnant even before you know it. 亚马逊Echo的Alexa 也许都可以在你之前 预测出你有没有怀孕。
Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; Echo:vt.反射;重复;vi.随声附和;发出回声;n.回音;效仿; pregnant:adj.怀孕的;富有意义的;
So think about -- 所以,想象一下——
(Laughter) （笑）
Think about the ethical application of that. 想象一下它在伦理道德上的运用。
ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; application:n.应用;申请;应用程序;敷用;
Your voice is also very linked to how you create relationships. 你的声音也和你怎样 创建人际关系是有关的。
You have a different voice for every person you talk to. 对每一个和你交谈的人, 你都会展现出不同的声音。
If I take a little snippet of your voice and I analyze it, 如果我截取一小段你的声音 然后进行剖析,
snippet:n.小片;片断;不知天高地厚的年轻人; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse);
I can know whether you're talking to your mother, to your brother, your friend or your boss. 我可以知道你是在和你妈妈,哥哥, 朋友,还是你的老板说话。
We can also use, as a predictor , the vocal posture . 我们还可以用你的声音表现 来当作预测器。
predictor:n.[气象]预报器;预言者; vocal:adj.嗓音的;发声的;大声表达的;直言不讳的;n.(乐曲中的)歌唱部分; posture:n.姿势;态度;看法;立场;处理方式;v.故作姿态;装样子
Meaning, how you decide to place your voice when you talk to someone. 也就是当你和一个人交谈的时候, 会用什么样的声音。
And you vocal posture, when you talk to your spouse , can help predict not only if, but also when you will divorce . 当你和另一半说话的时候, 你声音的表现 还可以预测你是否, 以及什么时候会离婚。
spouse:n.配偶;vt.和…结婚; divorce:n.离婚;分离;v.与某人离婚;使分离;
So there is a lot to learn from listening to voices. 所以通过听声音, 我们可以获得很多信息。
And I believe this has to start with understanding that we have more than one voice. 我相信,我们首先得知道 我们不仅仅是只有一种声音。
So, I'm going to talk about three voices that most of us posses , in a model of what I call the mask. 所以,我接下来要说说 三种大多数人都有的声音, 以一种我称之为面具模型的方式。
posses:地方武装团队(posse的名词复数); (为某一目的而聚集的)一群人;
So when you look at the mask, what you see is a projection of a character. 当你看着这个面具, 你看到的是一个人物的投影。
projection:n.投射;规划;突出;发射;推测;
Let's call that your outward voice. 让我们称之为外在的声音。
outward:n.外表; adj.表面的; v.同"outwards.outwardandhomeward";
This is also the most classic way to think about the voice, it's a way of projecting yourself in the world. 这也是最常见的看待声音的方式, 这是反映你自己的一种方式。
classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的;
The mechanism for this projection is well understood. 这种反映方式的原理 也是很好理解的。
mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧;
Your lungs contract your diaphragm and that creates a self-sustained vibration of your vocal fold , that creates a sound. 你的肺会压缩你的膈 从而让声带产生自供的震动, 来发出声音。
contract:v.收缩;感染;订约;n.合同;婚约; diaphragm:n.隔膜;快门,[摄]光圈;横隔膜;隔板; self-sustained:adj.靠自己维持的;自给的;自激的; fold:v.折叠;包;可叠平(以便贮存或携带);裹;n.褶;褶层;折叠部分;褶痕;
And then the way you open and close the cavities in you mouth, your vocal tract is going to transform the sound. 你在打开和关闭口腔的时候, 声道就会传递声音。
cavities:n.腔(cavity的复数形式);[医]空洞;蛀牙;插线孔; transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式;
So everyone has the same mechanism. 所以每个人的发声原理都是一样的。
But voices are quite unique . 但是声音是独一无二的。
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
It's because very subtle differences in size, physiology , in hormone levels are going to make very subtle differences in your outward voice. 这是因为在尺寸,生理和 激素方面的微小差异 会使你外在的声音 产生细微的不同。
subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的; physiology:n.生理学;生理机能;
And your brain is very good at picking up those subtle differences from other people's outward voices. 你的大脑能够很好的 察觉到那些来自于他人 声音中的微小差异。
In our lab, we are working on teaching machines to understand those subtle differences. 在实验室,我们研究教学机器 来了解那些微小的差异。
And we use deep learning to create a real-time speaker identification system to help raise awareness on the use of the shared vocal space -- so who talks and who never talks during meetings -- to increase group intelligence . 我们用深度学习技术创建了 一个实时的声音辨别系统 来帮助提升使用 共享声音空间的意识—— ——谁在会议中发言, 或者从来不说话—— 来提升团队效率。
real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; identification:n.鉴定,识别;认同;身份证明; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
And one of the difficulties with that is that your voice is also not static . 其中一个困难就是, 你的声音不总是一成不变的。
static:adj.静止的; n.[物]静电(干扰);
We already said that it changes with every person you talk to but it also changes generally throughout your life. 就如之前提到的,你的声音会 因交谈对象而异, 但通常在人的 一生中也会逐渐改变。
generally:adv.通常;普遍地,一般地; throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
At the beginning and at the end of the journey , male and female voices are very similar. 在生命的开始和末尾阶段, 男性和女性的声音是非常相似的。
At the beginning:首先;从一开始;起初;从头开始; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
It's very hard to distinguish the voice of a very your girl from the voice of a very young boy. 很难去辨别 小女孩和小男孩的声音。
But in between, your voice becomes a marker of your fluid identity . 但是在这期间,你的声音 成为了你流动身份的标记。
fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
Generally, for male voices there's a big change at puberty . 通常来说,男性的声音 会在青春期有很大的改变。
puberty:n.青春期;开花期;
And then for female voices, there is a change at each pregnancy and a big change at menopause . 对女性来说, 每一次的孕期声音都会有所改变, 并且在更年期变化更大。
pregnancy:n.怀孕;丰富,多产;意义深长; menopause:n.更年期;活动终止期;
So all of that is the voice other people hear when you talk. 这都是你说话时 别人所听到的声音。
So why is it that we're so unfamiliar with it? 那为什么我们自己对于 这些声音却那么陌生呢？
unfamiliar:adj.不熟悉的;不常见的;没有经验的;
Why is it that it's not the voice that we hear? 为什么这些不是我们自己 所听到的声音？
So, let's think about it. 我们来想想看。
When you wear a mask, you actually don't see the mask. 当你戴着面具的时候, 你实际上是看不到面具（的正面）的。
And when you try to observe it, what you will see is inside of the mask. 当你尝试去观察这个面具的时候, 你看到的是面具的内部。
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
And that's your inward voice. 这就是你内在的声音。
inward:adj.向内的; v.向内; n.内部;
So to understand why it's different, let's try to understand the mechanism of perception of this inward voice. 要去搞清这种差异产生的原因, 让我们试着去理解一下 内在声音感知的原理。
perception:n.感知;知觉;看法;洞察力;
Because your body has many ways of filtering it differently from the outward voice. 你的身体有很多不同的方式 把它从外在的声音中筛选出来。
filtering:v.[化工]过滤,滤除(filter的ing形式);
So to perceive this voice, it first has to travel to your ears. 为了察觉到这个声音, 它最开始传播到你的耳朵。
perceive:v.注意到;意识到;将…理解为;认为;
And your outward voice travels through the air while your inward voice travels through your bones. 你的外在声音在空气中传播, 同时你内在声音在你的骨头中传播。
This is called bone conduction . 这就是骨传导。
conduction:n.[生理]传导;
Because of this, your inward voice is going to sound in a lower register and also more musically harmonical than your outward voice. 如此一来,你的 内在声音的音域会更低, 也会比外在的声音听起来更和谐。
register:v.登记;注册;记录;n.登记簿;登记表;注册簿; musically:adv.音乐上地;声音好听地;
Once it travels there, it has to access your inner ear . 当它传播到那里, 必须进入到你的内耳。
inner ear:n.内耳;
And there's this other mechanism taking place here. 这就涉及到另一个原理。
It's a mechanical filter, it's a little partition that comes and protects your inner ear each time you produce a sound. 这是一种机械过滤, 是在你每一次发声的时候 能够保护你内耳的一种分隔器。
mechanical:adj.机械的;力学的;呆板的;无意识的;手工操作的; partition:n.划分,分开;[数]分割;隔墙;隔离物;vt.[数]分割;分隔;区分;
So it also reduces what you hear. 所以你听到的内容也会有所减少。
And then there is a third filter, it's a biological filter. 还有第三种过滤, 是一种生物过滤。
biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品;
Your cochlea -- it's a part of your inner ear that processes the sound -- is made out of living cells. 你的耳蜗 ——用来处理声音的 内耳的一部分—— 是由活细胞组成的。
cochlea:n.[解剖]耳蜗;
And those living cells are going to trigger differently according to how often they hear the sound. 那些活细胞会根据 它们是否频繁地听到某种声音 而被不同程度地激发。
trigger:n.触发器; v.触发; according to:根据,据说;
It's a habituation effect. 这是一种习惯效应。
habituation:n.(对麻醉品等的)适应;毒瘾;成为习惯;
So because of this, as your voice is the sound you hear the most in your life, you actually hear it less than other sounds. 因此, 你自己的声音虽然是 你一生中最常听到的声音, 实际上却比其他声音 更少的被你的听觉接收。
Finally , we have a fourth filter. 最后是第四种过滤。
Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
It's a neurological filter. 这是一种神经过滤。
neurological:adj.神经病学的,神经学上的;
Neurologists found out recently that when you open your mouth to create a sound, your own auditory cortex shuts down. 神经学家近期发现 当你张开嘴发声的时候, 你的听觉皮层会关闭。
Neurologists:n.神经病学家;神经科专门医师; recently:adv.最近;新近; auditory:n.听众;礼堂;adj.听觉的;耳朵的; cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮;
So you hear your voice but your brain actually never listens to the sound of your voice. 因此你听到了自己的声音, 但是你的大脑并没有去听你的声音。
Well, evolutionarily that might make sense , because we know cognitively what we are going to sound like so maybe we don't need to spend energy analyzing the signal. 按进化论来说,这也说得通, 因为我们下意识的知道 我们的声音听起来是怎样的, 因此我们不需要耗费能量 去分析这个信号。
evolutionarily:进化上; make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理; cognitively:adv.认知地; analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词);
And this is called a corollary discharge and it happens for every motion that your body does. 这个过程被称作就“伴随发送”, 会发生在你身体的每一个动作上。
corollary:n.推论;必然的结果; discharge:v.履行;释放;排出;流出;n.出院;执行;退伍;排出(物); motion:n.动作;移动;手势;请求;意向;议案;v.运动;打手势;
The exact definition of a corollary discharge is a copy of a motor command that is sent by the brain. 伴随发送的精确定义是 一个大脑发出的指令的复印件。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
This copy doesn't create any motion itself but instead is sent to other regions of the brain to inform them of the impending motion. 这个复印件自身不产生任何动作, 而是被送去大脑的另一个地方 通知即将到来的动作。
regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数) inform:v.通知;告诉;报告;告发;告密; impending:adj.迫在眉睫的; v.(事件,危险等)逼近; (impend的现在分词)
And for the voice, this corollary discharge also has a different name. 对于声音来说,这个伴随发送 也有另一个名字。
It is your inner voice. 就是你内心的声音。
So let's recapitulate . 让我们来概括一下。
recapitulate:vi.概括;重述要点;摘要;vt.概括;重述要点;摘要;
We have the mask, the outward voice, the inside of the mask, your inward voice, and then you have your inner voice. 我们有面具,也就是外在声音, 在面具的里面就是你内在的声音, 然后就是你内心的声音。
And I like to see this one as the puppeteer that holds the strings of the whole system. 我想把这个看成是 一个手握整个系统的绳子的 演木偶戏的人。
puppeteer:n.操纵木偶的人;操纵傀儡;vt.操纵; strings:一串,悬挂(string的第三人称单数和复数)
Your inner voice is the one you hear when you read a text silently, when you rehearse for an important conversation. 你内心的声音就是 当你默读文字,或者复述一个 很重要的对话时在脑海中听到的。
rehearse:v.排练;预演;演习;
Sometimes is hard to turn it off, it's really hard to look at the text written in your native language, without having this inner voice read it. 有时候是很难关闭这个声音的, 当看到用你的母语写的 文字的时候很难做到 不去用你内心的声音来读它。
native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民;
It's also the voice that refuse to stop singing the stupid song you have in your head. 这也正是拒绝停止在你脑海里唱 那些很蠢的歌的声音。
(Laughter) （笑）
And for some people it's actually impossible to control it. 对于有些人来说, 这实际上很难去控制。
And that's the case of schizophrenic patients , who have auditory hallucinations . 对精神分裂症患者来说就是这样, 他们有幻听,
schizophrenic:adj.精神分裂症的;n.精神分裂症的患者; patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数) hallucinations:n.幻视,幻听;幻觉;幻象;(hallucination的复数)
Who can't distinguish at all between voices coming from inside and outside their head. 不能够分辨内在发出的声音 和外界的声音。
So in our lab, we are also working on small devices to help those people make those distinctions and know if a voice is internal or external . 在实验室,我们也同样 在研究小型设备 来帮助那些人分辨 那些声音是内在的还是外界的。
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); distinctions:区别;卓越;特质;荣誉;区分; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的; external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的;
You can also think about the inner voice as the voice that speaks in your dream. 你也可以把内心的声音 想成是你梦中的声音。
This inner voice can take many forms. 内心的声音可以是很多形式的。
And in your dreams , you actually unleash the potential of this inner voice. 在你的梦中,你实际上是在 解放那些潜在的内心的声音。
in your dreams:做梦去吧; unleash:vt.发泄;突然释放;使爆发; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
That's another work we are doing in our lab: trying to access this inner voice in dreams. 这也是我们实验室中的另一项工作: 尝试获得在梦中出现的内心的声音。
So even if you can't always control it, the inner voice -- you can always engage with it through dialogue, through inner dialogues. 因此,即使你不能 总是控制内心的声音—— 你仍然可以参与其中, 通过对话,内心的对话。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定;
And you can even see this inner voice as the missing link between thought and actions. 你也可以把这个 内心的声音看成是 想法和行动之间遗失的连接。
missing link:n.(理解问题或使事物完整的)必要的环节;
So I hope I've left you with a better appreciation , a new appreciation of all of your voices and the role it plays inside and outside of you -- as your voice is a very critical determinant of what makes y ou human s and of how you interact with the world. 那么,我希望我给你们留下了 一个对你自己声音的 更好的,崭新的认识, 还有它在内部和外在的 你当中扮演的角色—— 一个之所以成为人类, 以及如何与世界互动的 很重要的决定性因素。
appreciation:n.升值;欣赏;感谢;增值;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）