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RayDalio_2017-_如何让公司里最好的点子总是胜出_
Whether you like it or not, radical transparency and algorithmic decision-making is coming at you fast, and it's going to change your life. 不论你喜不喜欢 彻底的透明化 与演算决策法都来势汹汹 它们也将改变你的生活
radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的; transparency:n.透明,透明度;幻灯片;有图案的玻璃; algorithmic:adj.[数]算法的;规则系统的; decision-making:n.决策;
That's because it's now easy to take algorithms and embed them into computers and gather all that data that you're leaving on yourself all over the place, and know what you're like, and then direct the computers to interact with you in ways that are better than most people can. 但这是因为把演算法 放进电脑中很容易 然后收集你身上各式各样的资料 来了解你是个什么样的人 然后让电脑以比任何人 都好的方式跟你互动
embed:vt.栽种;使嵌入,使插入;使深留脑中; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
Well, that might sound scary. 嗯,这或许听起来有点吓人
I've been doing this for a long time and I have found it to be wonderful. 我已经做这件事很久了 而且我发现这是件很棒的事
My objective has been to have meaningful work and meaningful relationships with the people I work with, and I've learned that I couldn't have that unless I had that radical transparency and that algorithmic decision-making. 我的任务是做有意义的事情 以及和我的同事们建立良好的关系 而我发现如果少了 透明化与演算决策法 我将做不到上面提到的两件事
objective:n.目标; adj.客观的; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
I want to show you why that is, 我想告诉你们这是为什么
I want to show you how it works. 我也想告诉你们这是如何运作的
And I warn you that some of the things that I'm going to show you probably are a little bit shocking. 我要先警告你们我将要告诉你们的事 或许会有些惊人
Since I was a kid, I've had a terrible rote memory. 从我小的时候,就很不擅长死记硬背
rote:n.死记硬背;生搬硬套;
And I didn't like following instructions, 我也不喜欢照着指示走
I was no good at following instructions. 也不擅长照指示做事
But I loved to figure out how things worked for myself. 但我喜欢自己去发现 事物是如何运作的
When I was 12, 我 12 岁的时候
I hated school but I fell in love with trading the markets. 我讨厌上学但我热爱市场交易
I caddied at the time, earned about five dollars a bag. 我那时候是个杆弟 提一个袋子赚五块美金
caddied:卡迪拉克(Cadillac);
And I took my caddying money, and I put it in the stock market . 然后我把当杆弟赚的钱拿去买股票
caddying:卡迪拉克(Cadillac); stock market:股票市场;证券市场;股票交易;
And that was just because the stock market was hot at the time. 就只是因为那时候流行买股票
And the first company I bought was a company by the name of Northeast Airlines . 我投资的第一家公司 是一家名叫东北航空的公司
by the name of:名叫;以…的名义; Northeast:adj.东北的;来自东北的;n.东北;adv.向东北;来自东北; Airlines:n.航空公司(airline的复数);航空业;
Northeast Airlines was the only company I heard of that was selling for less than five dollars a share. 东北航空是那时候我所知道 唯一一家股票 每股低于五块美金的公司
(Laughter) （笑声）
And I figured I could buy more shares, and if it went up, I'd make more money. 我发现我可以买进更多股票 如果股票涨价,我就可以赚更多钱
So, it was a dumb strategy , right? 所以,这个策略很蠢,对吧？
dumb:adj.哑的,无说话能力的;不说话的,无声音的; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略;
But I tripled my money, and I tripled my money because I got lucky. 但我的钱翻了三倍 我的钱翻了三倍,就因为我运气好
tripled:adj.三倍的;三方的;n.三倍数;三个一组;vi.增至三倍;vt.使成三倍;
The company was about to go bankrupt , but some other company acquired it, and I tripled my money. 这家公司濒临破产 但其它公司把它买了下来 然后我赚了三倍回来
was about to:眼看就要;即将;正要;行将; bankrupt:adj.破产;倒闭;完全缺乏(有价值的东西);n.(经法院判决的)破产者;v.使破产; acquired:adj.习得的; v.获得; (acquire的过去分词和过去式)
And I was hooked . 我上瘾了
hooked:adj.弯曲的; v.(使)钩住,挂住; (hook的过去分词和过去式)
And I thought, "This game is easy." 我心想:这个游戏真容易
With time, 过了一段时间之后
I learned this game is anything but easy. 我发现这个游戏其实相当困难
In order to be an effective investor , one has to bet against the consensus and be right. 为了成为一名有效率的投资人 不能随波逐流 而且要眼光准确
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; investor:n.投资者; bet:n.打赌;赌注;预计;估计;v.下赌注(于);用…打赌;敢说;八成儿; consensus:n.一致;舆论;合意;
And it's not easy to bet against the consensus and be right. 不随波逐流且眼光准确并不容易
One has to bet against the consensus and be right because the consensus is built into the price. 你必须不随波逐流且眼光准确 因为社会大众的看法 会反映在股价上面
And in order to be an entrepreneur , a successful entrepreneur , one has to bet against the consensus and be right. 为了成为一名企業家 而且是一名成功的企業家 就必须不随波逐流且眼光准确
entrepreneur:n.企业家;承包人;主办者;
I had to be an entrepreneur and an investor -- and what goes along with that is making a lot of painful mistakes. 为了同时成为企業家以及投资人 在这条路上我犯了许多严重的错误
painful:adj.痛苦的;疼痛的;令人不快的;
So I made a lot of painful mistakes, and with time, my attitude about those mistakes began to change. 我就是这么过来的 随着时间过去 我对于这些错误的态度开始有了改变
attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势;
I began to think of them as puzzles . 我开始把它们看作是一块块的拼图
puzzles:智力游戏;谜题(puzzle的第三人称单数和复数)
That if I could solve the puzzles, they would give me gems . 如果我能够把它们拼在一起的话 我就能得到宝石
gems:n.[宝]宝石(gem的复数形式);
And the puzzles were: 这些拼图就是:
What would I do differently in the future so I wouldn't make that painful mistake? 未来我要怎么做 才能避免再犯这些错误？
And the gems were principles that I would then write down so I would remember them that would help me in the future. 而那些宝石就是我写下并牢记的原则 这些原则在未来会对我有所幫助
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
And because I wrote them down so clearly, 就是因为我清楚地把它们写下来
I could then --eventually discovered -- 我最后才能发现
I could then embed them into algorithms. 我可以把这些原则写进演算法里面
And those algorithms would be embedded in computers, and the computers would make decisions along with me; and so in parallel, we would make these decisions. 然后就可以把这些演算法 植入到电脑里 最后电脑就可以跟我一起做出决定 电脑会和我一起做出决定
embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式);
And I could see how those decisions then compared with my own decisions, and I could see that those decisions were a lot better. 之后我会去比较我们一起所做的决定 然后我发现电脑和我 一起做的决定好多了
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
And that was because the computer could make decisions much faster, it could process a lot more information and it can process decisions much more -- less emotionally . 这是因为电脑做决定的速度快多了 而且它可以处理更多的资讯 它在做决定的时候 也不会被情绪所影响
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地;
So it radically improved my decision-making. 电脑大大改善了我做决定的过程
radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式)
Eight years after I started Bridgewater , 在我成立对冲基金桥水联合 (Bridgewater) 八年之后
Bridgewater:n.布里奇沃特(美国城市);
I had my greatest failure, my greatest mistake. 我经历了我最大的失败 最大的错误
It was late 1970s, 当时是 1970 年代晚期
I was 34 years old, and I had calculated that American banks had lent much more money to emerging countries than those countries were going to be able to pay back and that we would have the greatest debt crisis since the Great Depression . 当年我 34 岁 我计算出美国的银行 借给新兴国家太多的钱 多到这些国家还不起 这可能会让我们遭遇 自从经济大蕭条以来最大的债务危机
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词) debt:n.债务;借款;罪过; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的; Depression:n.沮丧;洼地;不景气;忧愁;
And with it, an economic crisis and a big bear market in stocks . 伴随而来的就会是经济危机 还有严重的熊市
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; bear market:n.熊市(预期价格下跌而售出股票的一段时期); stocks:n.[金融]股票; v.采购;
It was a controversial view at the time. 这个观点在当时很具争议性
controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的;
People thought it was kind of a crazy point of view . 大家觉得这是个有点疯狂的想法
point of view:观点;见地;立场;
But in August 1982, 但在 1982 年 8 月
Mexico defaulted on its debt, and a number of other countries followed. 墨西哥宣布了债务违约 然后一些其它的国家也跟进
defaulted:v.违约;不履行义务;默认;预设;预置;(default的过去式和过去分词)
And we had the greatest debt crisis since the Great Depression. 我们就这样遇到了
And because I had anticipated that, 因为我早就已经预料到这件事
anticipated:adj.预期的; v.预期; (anticipate的过去式和过去分词)
I was asked to testify to Congress and appear on " Wall Street Week," 我被邀请到国会作见证
testify:v.证明,证实;作证; Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交; Wall Street:n.华尔街(美国纽约金融中心和证券交易所所在地);
which was the show of the time. 以及上当时热门电视「本周华尔街」 (Wall Street Week) 当来宾
Just to give you a flavor of that, I've got a clip here, and you'll see me in there. 为了让你们亲身体验 我准备了一段影片 我就出现在这影片当中
flavor:n.情味,风味;香料;滋味;v.加味于; clip:v.剪辑;修剪;削减;固定;n.夹;夹子;速度;钳;
(Video) Mr. Chairman, Mr. Mitchell, it's a great pleasure and a great honor to be able to appear before you in examination with what is going wrong with our economy . （影片）主席、米歇尔先生 很高兴也很榮幸能够来到这里 檢视我们的经济出了什么问题
economy:n.经济;节约;理财;
The economy is now flat -- teetering on the brink of failure. 经济没有成长 在崩溃的边缘摇摇欲坠
teetering:vi.摇晃; vt.使…摇摆; n.跷跷板; on the brink of:即将要;濒于;濒临;在…的边缘;
Martin Zweig: You were recently quoted in an article. 马汀．兹维格:「最近一篇文章提到
recently:adv.最近;新近; quoted:v.引用;引述;举例说明;开价;(quote的过去分词和过去式)
You said, "I can say this with absolute certainty because I know how markets work." 你说『我非常肯定我所说过的话, 因为我瞭解市场是如何运作的』。」
certainty:n.必然;确实;确实的事情;
Ray Dalio: I can say with absolute certainty that if you look at the liquidity base in the corporations and the world as a whole , that there's such reduced level of liquidity that you can't return to an era of stagflation ." 雷．达里欧: 「我非常确定我的论点是对的, 如果把企業的流动资金 和全世界看做一体的话, 目前资金流动性大幅降低, 不可能回到停滞性通膨时代。」
liquidity:n.流动性;流动资产;[金融]偿债能力; corporations:n.[贸易]公司,[经]企业(corporation的复数形式); as a whole:总的来说; stagflation:n.[经]滞胀,不景气状况下之物价上涨;
I look at that now, I think, "What an arrogant jerk !" 看了这段影片,我只觉得 「这家伙真是个傲慢的混蛋！」
arrogant:adj.自大的,傲慢的; jerk:v.猛拉;n.混蛋;突然而剧烈的动作;adj.卤的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I was so arrogant, and I was so wrong. 我当时非常傲慢,而且错得离谱
I mean, while the debt crisis happened, the stock market and the economy went up rather than going down, and I lost so much money for myself and for my clients that I had to shut down my operation pretty much, 我是说,当债务危机发生的时候 股市还有经济是成长的,而不是下跌 而我和我的客户损失了一大笔钱 我的公司几乎面临倒闭
clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数)
I had to let almost everybody go. 我得让几乎所有的员工走人
And these were like extended family , 这些人对我来说就像家人一样
extended family:n.家族;
I was heartbroken . 我痛彻心扉
heartbroken:adj.悲伤的,伤心的;
And I had lost so much money that I had to borrow 4,000 dollars from my dad to help to pay my family bills. 我的损失大到 我得向我父亲借 4,000 美金 来付家里的帐单
It was one of the most painful experiences of my life ... 那是我这辈子最痛苦的经验之一
but it turned out to be one of the greatest experiences of my life because it changed my attitude about decision-making. 但后来变成是 我这辈子最好的经验之一 因为那次的经验改变了 我对决策的态度
Rather than thinking, "I'm right," 我开始问我自己 「我怎么确定我是对的？」
I started to ask myself, "How do I know I'm right?" 而不是认为 「我是对的」
I gained a humility that I needed in order to balance my audacity . 我学会了谦逊 来平衡我的放肆
humility:n.谦卑,谦逊; audacity:n.大胆;厚颜无耻;
I wanted to find the smartest people who would disagree with me to try to understand their perspective or to have them stress test my perspective. 我想要找最聪明的人来反驳我 让我了解他们的观点 或让他们来对我观点做压力测试
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
I wanted to make an idea meritocracy . 我希望优秀想法胜出的功绩主义
meritocracy:n.英才教育(制度);精英管理的社会;
In other words, not an autocracy in which I would lead and others would follow and not a democracy in which everybody's points of view were equally valued, but I wanted to have an idea meritocracy in which the best ideas would win out. 也就是说,不是我说什么 你做什么这种独裁主义 也不是人人的意见都平等的民主 我想要的是那种 最好的想法会胜出的功绩主义
autocracy:n.独裁政治;专制政治;独裁政府;独裁统治的国家; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
And in order to do that, 为了做到这一点
I realized that we would need radical truthfulness and radical transparency. 我了解到我们需要拥有彻底的诚实 还有彻底的透明化
truthfulness:n.真实;坦率;正当;
What I mean by radical truthfulness and radical transparency is people needed to say what they really believed and to see everything. 我所说的彻底的诚实 还有彻底的透明化 是让人们能够说出他们 真正相信的,并看到一切
And we literally tape almost all conversations and let everybody see everything, because if we didn't do that, we couldn't really have an idea meritocracy. 我们确实地把几乎 每个对话都录了下来 然后让所有的人看见 因为如果我们不这么做 我们就没办法确实做到优秀想法胜出
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
In order to have an idea meritocracy, we have let people speak and say what they want. 为了达到优秀想法胜出的功绩主义 我们让人们说出他们想要什么
Just to give you an example, this is an email from Jim Haskel -- somebody who works for me -- and this was available to everybody in the company. 下面是个例子 这是吉米寄的一封电子邮件 他是我的员工 每个在公司的人都看得到这封邮件
'"Ray, you deserve a 'D-' for your performance today in the meeting ... 「雷,你今天在会议里的 表现只有 60 分,
deserve:vi.应受,应得; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
you did not prepare at all well because there is no way you could have been that disorganized ." 你根本没有准备好, 因为你不是一个这么 没有组织的人。」
disorganized::v.瓦解;打乱;(disorganize的过去式和过去分词形式)
Isn't that great? 这不是很棒吗？
(Laughter) （笑声）
That's great. 这真的很棒
It's great because, first of all , I needed feedback like that. 第一,我需要像这样的回馈
first of all:adv.首先; feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈;
I need feedback like that. 我需要像这样的回馈
And it's great because if I don't let Jim, and people like Jim, to express their points of view, our relationship wouldn't be the same. 很棒的点在于如果我不让吉米 还有其他像吉米的人 表达他们的观点 我们的关系就不会像现在这样
express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
And if I didn't make that public for everybody to see, we wouldn't have an idea meritocracy. 如果我不让所有人都看得见这封信 我们就无法实践 优秀想法胜出的功绩主义
So for that last 25 years that's how we've been operating. 所以过去 25 年来 我们就是这么经营公司的
We've been operating with this radical transparency and then collecting these principles, largely from making mistakes, and then embedding those principles into algorithms. 我们用彻底的透明化来经营公司 然后收集这些原则 这些原则大部分是来自犯错 然后把这些原则放进演算法里面
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; embedding:v.把…牢牢地嵌入(或插入、埋入); (embed的现在分词)
And then those algorithms provide -- we're following the algorithms in parallel with our thinking. 然后演算法会做出选择 我们就根据演算法 还有自己的想法来做出选择
in parallel with:与…平行;与…同时;
That has been how we've run the investment business, and it's how we also deal with the people management . 这就是我们怎么让 这间投资公司运作的 也是我们怎么管理员工的
investment:n.投资;投入;封锁; management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
In order to give you a glimmer into what this looks like, 为了让你们对我在说的东西有点概念
glimmer:n.闪光;一线;一丝;微弱的迹象;v.隐约地闪烁;发出微弱的闪光;
I'd like to take you into a meeting and introduce you to a tool of ours called the "Dot Collector" 我想带你们一起参加一场会议 并向你们介绍我们一个 名叫「集点」的工具
that helps us do this. 这个工具幫助我们做到这些事
A week after the US election, our research team held a meeting to discuss what a Trump presidency would mean for the US economy. 美国大选的一星期之后 我们的研究团队举行了一场会议 来讨论川普的胜选 对美国经济有何意义
Trump:n.王牌;主牌花色;v.出王牌赢(牌);;赢;胜过;打败; presidency:n.总统(或董事长,会长,大学校长等)的职位(任期);管辖;支配;
Naturally , people had different opinions on the matter and how we were approaching the discussion. 很正常的,人们对这个议题 还有我们怎么去看这件事情 有着不一样的想法
Naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; approaching:v.靠近,接近;接洽;建议;要求;(approach的现在分词)
The "Dot Collector" collects these views. 「集点」收集了这些想法
It has a list of a few dozen attributes , so whenever somebody thinks something about another person's thinking, it's easy for them to convey their assessment; they simply note the attribute and provide a rating from one to 10. 这些想法总共可以分成好几十种 所以当有某个人 对别人的看法有想法的时候 他们就可以很容易地作出评估 他们会记下这个想法 然后给一个 1 到 10 分的分数
attributes:v.把…归因于; n.属性; (attribute的第三人称单数和复数) convey:vt.传达;运输;让与;
For example, as the meeting began, a researcher named Jen rated me a three -- in other words, badly -- 举例来说,在会议开始的时候 一位名叫詹的研究员给了我 3 分 就是很烂的意思
(Laughter) （笑声）
for not showing a good balance of open-mindedness and assertiveness . 因为我的论点没有在包容性 与自信之间取得平衡
open-mindedness:n.无偏见;心胸开阔; assertiveness:n.魄力,自信;
As the meeting transpired , 会议公开之后
transpired:v.公开;为人所知;发生;(植物)水分蒸发;(transpire的过去式和过去分词)
Jen's assessments of people added up like this. 詹对于人们的分析总结如下
assessments:评价;
Others in the room have different opinions. 在会议室里的其他人各有不同的意见
That's normal. 这很正常
Different people are always going to have different opinions. 不同的人总是有着不同的意见
And who knows who's right? 谁知道谁是对的呢？
Let's look at just what people thought about how I was doing. 我们来看看大家 对我当时的说法是怎么想的
Some people thought I did well, others, poorly. 有些人认为我说得很好 其他人觉得我说得很差
With each of these views, we can explore the thinking behind the numbers. 透过这些观点 我们可以探索在数字背后的这些想法
explore:v.探索:探测:探险:
Here's what Jen and Larry said. 詹和赖利是这么说的
Note that everyone gets to express their thinking, including their critical thinking, regardless of their position in the company. 无论他们在公司的位阶 每个人都可以表达他们的想法 包括他们的批判性思考
critical:adj.鉴定的;[核]临界的;批评的,爱挑剔的;危险的;决定性的;评论的; regardless:adj.不管的; v.不顾后果地;
Jen, who's 24 years old and right out of college, can tell me, the CEO, that I'm approaching things terribly. 24 岁、刚刚从学校毕業的詹 可以说我这个执行长 观察事情的能力很差
This tool helps people both express their opinions and then separate themselves from their opinions to see things from a higher level. 这个工具幫人们表达他们的意见 然后让他们从更高的 一个客观角度来看事情
When Jen and others shift their attentions from inputting their own opinions to looking down on the whole screen, their perspective changes. 当詹和其他人从提供意见 变成综观全局的时候 他们的观点就改变了
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; attentions:n.注意;注意事项;兴趣;(attention的复数) inputting:n.输入;v.输入(imput的ing形式); on the whole:基本上,大体上;就全体而论;
They see their own opinions as just one of many and naturally start asking themselves, "How do I know my opinion is right?" 他们了解到他们的想法 只是众多想法的其中之一 并很自然地开始思考 「我怎么知道我的想法是对的？」
That shift in perspective is like going from seeing in one dimension to seeing in multiple dimensions . 这就像是从一个维度看事情 变成从多个维度看事情
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; dimensions:n.规模,大小;
And it shifts the conversation from arguing over our opinions to figuring out objective criteria for determining which opinions are best. 也把对话从针对这些想法的争论 变为找出客观的标准 来决定哪个意见是最好的
shifts:n.转移; v.转移; (shift的第三人称单数) criteria:n.标准,条件(criterion的复数); determining:v.查明;测定;准确算出;决定;支配;裁决;(determine的现在分词)
Behind the "Dot Collector" is a computer that is watching. 在「集点」的背后 有一台在监控的电脑
It watches what all these people are thinking and it correlates that with how they think. 他监控了所有人的想法 然后去和他们是怎么想的做连结
correlates:相关;
And it communicates advice back to each of them based on that. 然后根据这些结果回传建议
Then it draws the data from all the meetings to create a pointilist painting of what people are like and how they think. 最后电脑会从所有的会议中收集资料 并产生一个点描清单 显示他们是怎么样的人 以及是怎么思考的
And it does that guided by algorithms. 电脑做的这些事就是从演算法来的
Knowing what people are like helps to match them better with their jobs. 瞭解人们是怎么样的人 能够幫助他们找到更适合他们的职位
For example, a creative thinker who is unreliable might be matched up with someone who's reliable but not creative. 举例来说 一个有创意但是不可靠的人 可以和一个可靠但没创意的人做搭配
creative:adj.创造性的; unreliable:adj.不可靠的;靠不住的;
Knowing what people are like also allows us to decide what responsibilities to give them and to weigh our decisions based on people's merits . 瞭解人们是怎么样的人 也让我们可以决定 要派给他们什么样的职责 同时也可以根据大家的表现 来衡量我们的决定
merits:n.优点(merit的复数);功绩;是非曲直;
We call it their believability . 我们把它称为这些人的可信度
believability:n.可信度;
Here's an example of a vote that we took where the majority of people felt one way ... 在某次投票里 多数人投给了一边
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
but when we weighed the views based on people's merits, the answer was completely different. 但当我们对人们的功绩作加权之后 得到了完全相反的答案
This process allows us to make decisions not based on democracy, not based on autocracy, but based on algorithms that take people's believability into consideration . 这个过程让我们的决策过程 不再根据民主 也不是根据独裁 而是根据演算法 把人们的可信度纳入考量
consideration:n.顾及;报酬;斟酌;仔细考虑;
Yup, we really do this. 没错,我们真的这么做
(Laughter) （笑声）
We do it because it eliminates what I believe to be one of the greatest tragedies of mankind , and that is people arrogantly , na?vely holding opinions in their minds that are wrong, and acting on them, and not putting them out there to stress test them. 我们这么做是因为它可以消除 我认为人类最大的悲剧 也就是人们把傲慢且天真的 错误想法放在心里 并根据这些想法做事情 而且不肯开诚布公地接受压力测试
eliminates:消除;排除; tragedies:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;(tragedy的复数) mankind:n.人类;男性; arrogantly:adv.傲慢地;自大地;
And that's a tragedy . 这真的是个悲剧
tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
And we do it because it elevates ourselves above our own opinions so that we start to see things through everybody's eyes, and we see things collectively . 我们这么做是因为 可以让我们超脱于自我 然后从每一个人的眼睛看每件事 来看见事情的全貌
elevates:vt.提升;举起;振奋情绪等;提升…的职位; collectively:adv.共同地,全体地;
Collective decision-making is so much better than individual decision-making if it's done well. 如果好好地去做的话 集体决策比个人决策要好得太多了
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
It's been the secret sauce behind our success. 这就是我们成功背后的原因
sauce:n.酱;调味汁;讨厌的话(或举动);v.给…加滋味;(俚)对…说冒昧话;
It's why we've made more money for our clients than any other hedge fund in existence and made money 23 out of the last 26 years. 也是我们幫客户赚得 比其它现有对冲基金更多的原因 而且过去 26 年有 23 年是获利的
hedge fund:对冲基金;
So what's the problem with being radically truthful and radically transparent with each other? 那么彼此间彻底的诚实 和彻底透明会有什么问题呢？
transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的;
People say it's emotionally difficult. 有人说是情感上的困难
Critics say it's a formula for a brutal work environment. 评论家说这是残酷的职场
Critics:n.评论家;批评者;吹毛求疵的人(critic的复数); formula:n.公式; adj.(赛车)方程式的(指赛车要符合规定的体积,重量及汽缸容量等); brutal:adj.残忍的;野蛮的,不讲理的;
Neuroscientists tell me it has to do with how are brains are prewired. 神经科学家告诉我 这和大脑的网络有关
Neuroscientists:n.神经系统科学家;
There's a part of our brain that would like to know our mistakes and like to look at our weaknesses so we could do better. 大脑里有一个部位会试着去找出 我们犯的错误还有弱点
I'm told that that's the prefrontal cortex . 有人告诉我这个部位叫前额叶皮质区
prefrontal:adj.[解剖]前额的;额叶前部的;n.[解剖]额前骨; cortex:n.[解剖]皮质;树皮;果皮;
And then there's a part of our brain which views all of this as attacks. 大脑还有个部位 会把错误和弱点视为攻击
I'm told that that's the amygdala . 这个部位叫杏仁核
amygdala:n.[解剖]杏仁核;扁桃腺;苦巴旦杏;
In other words, there are two you's inside you: there's an emotional you and there's an intellectual you, and often they're at odds , and often they work against you. 换句话说,你的身体里面有两个你 一个是情绪化的你 一个是理性的你 他们常常是互相冲突的 也常常和你做对
intellectual:n.知识分子;脑力劳动者;adj.智力的;脑力的;理智的;有才智的; odds:n.几率;胜算;不平等;差别;
It's been our experience that we can win this battle. 我们的经验告诉我们 我们能赢得这场竞争
We win it as a group. 透过团结合作
It takes about 18 months typically to find that most people prefer operating this way, with this radical transparency than to be operating in a more opaque environment. 通常要花 18 个月 才会让大家习惯并选择彻底的透明 而不是个看不清的环境
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升; opaque:adj.不透明的;不传热的;迟钝的;n.不透明物;vt.使不透明;使不反光;
There's not politics , there's not the brutality of -- you know, all of that hidden, behind-the-scenes -- there's an idea meritocracy where people can speak up. 这无关政治,也无关残酷 在这些的背后 有个优秀想法胜出的功绩主义 让每个人都能发声
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) brutality:n.无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式); behind-the-scenes:adj.幕后的;
And that's been great. 这一直都很棒
It's given us more effective work, and it's given us more effective relationships. 它让我们的工作更有效果 也让人们之间的关系更有效果
But it's not for everybody. 不过这不适用于所有人
We found something like 25 or 30 percent of the population it's just not for. 我们发现有大约 百分之 25 到 30 的人不适用
And by the way , when I say radical transparency, 附带一提,我说的彻底透明
by the way:顺便说一下;
I'm not saying transparency about everything. 不是说什么都不掩饰
I mean, you don't have to tell somebody that their bald spot is growing or their baby's ugly . 我是说,你不必告诉 某人他越来越秃了 或是他们的小孩很丑
bald:adj.秃顶的;秃头的;无毛的; ugly:adj.丑陋的;邪恶的;令人厌恶的;
So, I'm just talking about -- 我说的是──
(Laughter) （笑声）
talking about the important things. 说的是那些比较重要的事
So -- 所以──
(Laughter) （笑声）
So when you leave this room, 当你离开这个会场的时候
I'd like you to observe yourself in conversations with others. 我想要你在和别人 对话的时候观察自己
observe:v.观察;看到;庆祝;监视;
Imagine if you knew what they were really thinking, and imagine if you knew what they were really like ... 想像你知道他们真正的想法 想像你知道他们其实是个什么样的人
and imagine if they knew what you were really thinking and what were really like. 想像他们知道你真正的想法 和真正的你
It would certainly clear things up a lot and make your operations together more effective. 这一定会让事情明朗化 并让你的做法更有效
I think it will improve your relationships. 我觉得这可以让你的关系变得更美好
Now imagine that you can have algorithms that will help you gather all of that information and even help you make decisions in an idea-meritocratic way. 现在想像你有演算法 幫你收集所有的资料 甚至幫你在优秀想法胜出的 功绩主义之下做出决定
This sort of radical transparency is coming at you and it is going to affect your life. 这样的彻底透明化将会进入你的世界 而且会影响你的生活
And in my opinion , it's going to be wonderful. 我认为 这将会是很美好的一件事
in my opinion:在我看来;我认为;
So I hope it is as wonderful for you as it is for me. 所以我希望这对你们来说 会跟对我来说一样美好
Thank you very much. 非常谢谢你们
(Applause) （掌声）