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RanaelKaliouby_2015W-_这个应用程式知道你的感觉——从你的表情就知道了！_
Our emotions influence every aspect of our lives, from our health and how we learn, to how we do business and make decisions, big ones and small. 我们的情绪会影响日常生活的各个层面, 从我们的健康到如何学习、如何做事、做决定, 无论事情大小都受此影响。
emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数) influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位;
Our emotions also influence how we connect with one another. 我们的情绪也会影响我们如何与他人交流。
We've evolved to live in a world like this, but instead, we're living more and more of our lives like this -- this is the text message from my daughter last night -- in a world that's devoid of emotion. 我们已经进化到生活在一个像这样的世界, 然而我们的生活却愈来愈像这样── 这是我女儿昨晚传来的简讯── 一个缺乏情感的世界。
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) text message:n.文本信息;短信息; devoid:adj.缺乏的;全无的;
So I'm on a mission to change that. 所以我带着使命要改变这种状况。
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
I want to bring emotions back into our digital experiences. 我想将情感重新注入数位体验中。
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
I started on this path 15 years ago. 我在 15 年前走上这条路。
I was a computer scientist in Egypt, and I had just gotten accepted to a Ph.D. program at Cambridge University. 当时我在埃及是电脑科学家, 而且我才拿到剑桥大学博士班的入学许可。
Cambridge:n.剑桥(英国城市);坎布里奇(美国马萨诸塞州城市);
So I did something quite unusual for a young newlywed Muslim Egyptian wife: 所以我做了一件对 身为年轻新婚的埃及回教妇女来说
newlywed:adj.新婚的;n.新婚夫妇;
With the support of my husband, who had to stay in Egypt, 在我先生的支持下,他留在埃及,
I packed my bags and I moved to England. 我整理行囊搬到英格兰。
At Cambridge, thousands of miles away from home, 在剑桥,离家千里远的地方,
I realized I was spending more hours with my laptop than I did with any other human. 我发现我与笔电相处的时间, 远超过与人交流的时间。
laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
Yet despite this intimacy , my laptop had absolutely no idea how I was feeling. 尽管与笔电相处如此亲密,它却完全不了解我的感受,
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; intimacy:n.亲密;密切;关系密切;性行为; absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
It had no idea if I was happy, having a bad day, or stressed, confused , and so that got frustrating . 它不知道我是否开心, 今天顺不顺,是否紧张或困惑, 所以那令我沮丧。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式) frustrating:adj.令人沮丧的;v.使沮丧;(frustrate的现在分词)
Even worse, as I communicated online with my family back home, 更糟的是,在我上线与远方的家人联络时,
I felt that all my emotions disappeared in cyberspace . 我觉得我的情感在这虚拟空间里消失无踪。
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词) cyberspace:n.网络空间;赛博空间;
I was homesick , I was lonely, and on some days I was actually crying, but all I had to communicate these emotions was this. 我好想家,我好孤单,有些日子我真的哭了, 但我所能传达的只有这个。
homesick:adj.想家的;思乡病的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Today's technology has lots of I.Q., but no E.Q.; lots of cognitive intelligence , but no emotional intelligence. 今天的科技有很多智商,却没有情绪智商; 有很多认知智商,却没有情绪智商。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的;
So that got me thinking, what if our technology could sense our emotions? 所以这让我思考, 如果我们的科技可以感受我们的情绪会怎样？
what if:如果…怎么办?
What if our devices could sense how we felt and reacted accordingly , just the way an emotionally intelligent friend would? 如果我们的电子装置可以感受我们的感觉并做出相对回应, 就像一位高情商的朋友一样,会是怎样？
devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); reacted:v.起反应; (react的过去分词和过去式) accordingly:adv.因此,于是;相应地;照著; emotionally:adv.感情上;情绪上;令人激动地;情绪冲动地; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的
Those questions led me and my team to create technologies that can read and respond to our emotions, and our starting point was the human face. 这些问题让我及我的团队 创造出可以读懂情绪并做出回应的科技, 我们的起始点是人的脸。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; starting point:n.出发点;基础;
So our human face happens to be one of the most powerful channels that we all use to communicate social and emotional states, everything from enjoyment , surprise, empathy and curiosity . 人类的脸恰好就是有力的管道, 能用来传递社交及情绪状态, 从愉快、惊讶, 到同情、好奇都可以。
enjoyment:n.享受;乐趣;享有; empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
In emotion science, we call each facial muscle movement an action unit. 情绪科学中,我们称每一种颜面肌肉运动为一个动作单位。
facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出;
So for example, action unit 12, it's not a Hollywood blockbuster , it is actually a lip corner pull, which is the main component of a smile. 举例来说,动作单位 12, 这可不是好莱坞的动作巨片, 这其实是拉嘴角,这是微笑的主要部分。
blockbuster:n.轰动;巨型炸弹;一鸣惊人者; component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的;
Try it everybody. Let's get some smiles going on. 大家都试一下吧！让会场有点笑容。
Another example is action unit 4. It's the brow furrow . 另一个例子是动作单位 4。这是蹙额。
brow:n.额头;山脊;坡顶; furrow:n.皱纹;犁沟;车辙;vt.犁;耕;弄绉;vi.犁田;开沟;犁出浪迹;
It's when you draw your eyebrows together and you create all these textures and wrinkles . 就是你把眉头皱在一起 所产生的纹理和皱纹。
eyebrows:n.眉;眉毛;(eyebrow的复数) textures:n.纹理;材质(texture的复数);v.使具有某种结构(texture的三单形式); wrinkles:n.皱纹;皱痕;v.起皱纹;皱起;(使)起皱褶;(wrinkle的第三人称单数和复数)
We don't like them, but it's a strong indicator of a negative emotion. 我们都不喜欢皱纹,但那是负面情绪的重要指标。
indicator:n.指示器;[试剂]指示剂;[计]指示符;压力计; negative:adj.[数]负的;消极的;否定的;阴性的;n.否定;负数;[摄]底片;v.否定;拒绝;
So we have about 45 of these action units, and they combine to express hundreds of emotions. 我们有约 45 种动作单位, 排列组合后可以表现出数百种情绪。
express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
Teaching a computer to read these facial emotions is hard, because these action units, they can be fast, they're subtle , and they combine in many different ways. 要教电脑读懂这些颜面表情很难, 因为这些动作单位很快、很细微, 而且还有各种不同的组合法。
subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的;
So take, for example, the smile and the smirk . 所以再举个例子,微笑和假笑。
smirk:v.傻笑;自鸣得意地笑;n.假笑;傻笑,得意的笑
They look somewhat similar, but they mean very different things. 两者看起来有点像,但是意义大不相同。
somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微;
(Laughter) （笑声）
So the smile is positive , a smirk is often negative. 微笑是正面的, 假笑往往是负面的。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
Sometimes a smirk can make you become famous. 有时候一个假笑可以让你成名。
But seriously, it's important for a computer to be able to tell the difference between the two expressions . 但是说真的,要让电脑能够 辨认出这两种表情的不同很重要。
expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数)
So how do we do that? 所以我们怎么做呢？
We give our algorithms tens of thousands of examples of people we know to be smiling, from different ethnicities , ages, genders , and we do the same for smirks . 我们给我们的演算法 成千上万笔我们知道在微笑的例子, 各式人种、年龄、性别都有, 假笑也如法泡制。
ethnicities:n.种族划分; genders:n.性别;性; smirks:n.傻笑;假笑;得意的笑;vi.傻笑;假笑;vt.以假笑表示;以傻笑表示;
And then, using deep learning, the algorithm looks for all these textures and wrinkles and shape changes on our face, and basically learns that all smiles have common characteristics , all smirks have subtly different characteristics. 然后,机器用深度学习法, 让演算法找出脸上所有的纹理、皱纹, 及脸型的改变, 基本上学得所有的微笑都有共同的特点, 所有的假笑也有稍稍不同的特点,
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) subtly:adv.精细地;巧妙地;敏锐地;
And the next time it sees a new face, it essentially learns that this face has the same characteristics of a smile, and it says, "Aha, I recognize this. This is a smile expression." 所以下一次电脑看到新的面孔, 它基本上会得知 这张脸与微笑有相同的特点, 然后它会说,「啊哈！我认得这个,这是微笑的表情。」
essentially:adv.本质上;本来; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
So the best way to demonstrate how this technology works is to try a live demo, so I need a volunteer , preferably somebody with a face. 要展示怎么用这项科技的最佳方法, 就是来一个现场示范, 所以我需要一名志愿者,最好是有脸的。
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; volunteer:n.志愿者;志愿兵;adj.志愿的;v.自愿; preferably:adv.较好;宁可,宁愿;更适宜;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Cloe's going to be our volunteer today. 我们今天的志愿者是克萝伊。
So over the past five years, we've moved from being a research project at MIT to a company, where my team has worked really hard to make this technology work, as we like to say, in the wild. 过去五年,我们从麻省理工的一项研究计画 发展成一家公司, 我的团队很努力让这项科技能快速传播, 好像我们常说的,（病毒）扩散中。
And we've also shrunk it so that the core emotion engine works on any mobile device with a camera, like this iPad. 我们也把它缩小,让核心情绪引擎能用在 任何有照相机的行动装置上,像是这台 iPad。
shrunk:v.收缩(shrink的过去分词); core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
So let's give this a try. 现在来试一下。
As you can see , the algorithm has essentially found Cloe's face, so it's this white bounding box, and it's tracking the main feature points on her face, so her eyebrows, her eyes, her mouth and her nose. 正如你们所见,基本上演算法已经找到了克萝伊的脸, 就是这个白色的框框, 它正在找她脸上的几个主要特征点, 像是她的眉毛、眼睛、嘴巴和鼻子。
As you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
The question is, can it recognize her expression? 问题是,它能辨识她的表情吗？
So we're going to test the machine. 我们来考一下机器。
So first of all , give me your poker face . Yep, awesome . (Laughter) 首先,来一张扑克脸。对,好极了！（笑声）
first of all:adv.首先; poker face:一本正经的面容;面无表情的人; awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
And then as she smiles, this is a genuine smile, it's great. 然后她微笑的时后,这是真诚的微笑,很棒,
genuine:adj.真实的,真正的;诚恳的;
So you can see the green bar go up as she smiles. 你们可以看到她微笑的时候,绿色的信号格增加。
Now that was a big smile. 那可是个好大的微笑。
Can you try a subtle smile to see if the computer can recognize? 你可以试一下浅浅的微笑吗？看看电脑能不能辨识？
It does recognize subtle smiles as well. 它的确也能辨识浅浅的微笑。
We've worked really hard to make that happen. 我们真的很努力要做到这一点。
And then eyebrow raised, indicator of surprise. 然后抬眉毛,表示惊讶。
Brow furrow, which is an indicator of confusion . 蹙额,表示困惑。
confusion:n.困惑;混淆;混同;困窘;
Frown . Yes, perfect. 皱眉,很好,很完美。
Frown:n.皱眉;蹙眉头;v.皱眉;
So these are all the different action units. There's many more of them. 这些就是不同的动作单位。还有更多。
This is just a slimmed-down demo. 这只是瘦身版示范。
But we call each reading an emotion data point, and then they can fire together to portray different emotions. 我们称每一个读取为一个情绪资料点, 然后它们一起发动就能描绘出不同的情绪。
portray:vt.描绘;扮演;
So on the right side of the demo -- look like you're happy. 右边的这张示范──表现你很开心。
So that's joy. Joy fires up. 所以那是高兴。高兴出现了。
And then give me a disgust face. 然后给我一张恶心的脸。
disgust:n.厌恶;反感;憎恶;v.使作呕;使厌恶;使反感;
Try to remember what it was like when Zayn left One Direction. 试着回想赞恩退出男团一世代的那种感觉。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Yeah, wrinkle your nose. Awesome. 没错,皱鼻子。太棒了！
And the valence is actually quite negative, so you must have been a big fan. 效价呈现高负值,所以你一定是大粉丝。
valence:n.[化学]价;[化学]原子价;[化学]化合价;效价;
So valence is how positive or negative an experience is, and engagement is how expressive she is as well. 效价指的是感受的好坏程度, 而投入程度指的是她的表情有多大。
engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度; expressive:adj.表现的;有表现力的;表达…的;
So imagine if Cloe had access to this real-time emotion stream, and she could share it with anybody she wanted to. 想像一下如果克罗伊能使用这套即时情绪串流, 而且她还可以跟任何人分享。
real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
Thank you. 谢谢妳！
(Applause) （掌声）
So, so far, we have amassed 12 billion of these emotion data points. 到目前为止我们已经累积了 120 亿笔情绪数据点。
amassed:vt.积聚,积累;
It's the largest emotion database in the world. 这是世界上最大的情绪资料庫。
We've collected it from 2.9 million face videos, people who have agreed to share their emotions with us, and from 75 countries around the world. 我们从 290 万笔脸孔短片收集资料, 由同意与我们分享他们情绪的人提供, 来源遍及全球 75 个国家。
It's growing every day. 资料每天都在增加。
It blows my mind away that we can now quantify something as personal as our emotions, and we can do it at this scale . 这真令我惊异万分, 我们能量化像情绪这么个人的东西, 还能做到这个地步。
quantify:vt.量化;为…定量;确定数量;vi.量化;定量; personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
So what have we learned to date? 所以至今我们学到什么？
Gender. 性别。
Our data confirms something that you might suspect . 我们的数据证实了一些你们大概已经料到的事。
suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的;
Women are more expressive than men. 女人的表情比男人的更丰富。
Not only do they smile more, their smiles last longer, and we can now really quantify what it is that men and women respond to differently. 她们不但更常微笑,微笑的时间还更久, 而且我们现在真的能量化
Let's do culture: So in the United States, women are 40 percent more expressive than men, but curiously , we don't see any difference in the U.K. between men and women. 来看文化:在美国, 女性比男性多 40%更愿意表达情感, 但奇怪的是,在英国看不到这样的差距。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) curiously:adv.好奇地;奇妙地;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Age: People who are 50 years and older are 25 percent more emotive than younger people. 再看年龄:50 岁以上的人 比年轻人多 25% 更愿意表现情感。
emotive:adj.感情的;情绪的;表现感情的;
Women in their 20s smile a lot more than men the same age, perhaps a necessity for dating. 20 多岁的女性比同年龄的男性更常微笑, 大概是因为这是约会必杀技。
But perhaps what surprised us the most about this data is that we happen to be expressive all the time, even when we are sitting in front of our devices alone, and it's not just when we're watching cat videos on Facebook. 但是这笔数据最让我们讶异的, 大概是我们随时都有表情, 即使我们独自坐在装置前也是如此, 而且不只是在我们看脸书上猫短片的的时候。
We are expressive when we're emailing , texting, shopping online, or even doing our taxes. 我们在写信、传简讯、网购, 甚至在报税时都表情丰富。
emailing:n.电子信函;vt.给…发电子邮件;
Where is this data used today? 今天这笔数据用在哪里呢？
In understanding how we engage with media , so understanding virality and voting behavior; and also empowering or emotion-enabling technology, and I want to share some examples that are especially close to my heart. 用在瞭解我们如何与媒体互动, 所以能瞭解影片爆红及投票行为, 也用在情绪辨识科技, 我想分享几个让我特别感动的例子。
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词) especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分;
Emotion-enabled wearable glasses can help individuals who are visually impaired read the faces of others, and it can help individuals on the autism spectrum interpret emotion, something that they really struggle with. 情绪辨识眼镜能幫助 视障者读取别人脸上的表情, 也能幫助各种程度的自闭症患者解读情绪, 这是他们的最大难题。
wearable:adj.可穿用的,可佩带的;耐用的;n.衣服; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); visually:adv.形象化地;外表上;看得见地; impaired:adj.受损的;v.损害(impair的过去式和过去分词); autism:n.[心理][内科]孤独症;自我中心主义; spectrum:n.光谱;频谱;范围;余象; interpret:v.诠释;说明;口译;把…理解为;
In education, imagine if your learning apps sense that you're confused and slow down, or that you're bored , so it's sped up, just like a great teacher would in a classroom. 在教育上,想像一下如果你的学习应用程式 感受到你的困惑并放慢速度, 或是知道你觉得无聊了所以加快速度, 就像一位好老师在课堂上做的一样。
bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式)
What if your wristwatch tracked your mood , or your car sensed that you're tired, or perhaps your fridge knows that you're stressed, so it auto-locks to prevent you from binge eating. (Laughter) 如果你的手表能追踪你的心情, 或是你的车能感受到你现在很疲倦, 或是你的冰箱能知道你现在压力很大, 所以它会自动锁住,你就不能拿东西来吃。（笑声）
wristwatch:n.手表; tracked:v.跟踪;追踪;(track的过去分词和过去式) mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛; binge:n.狂欢,狂闹;放纵;vt.放纵;vi.狂饮作乐;大吃大喝;
I would like that, yeah. 我会喜欢那个,真的。
What if, when I was in Cambridge, 当我在剑桥的时候,
I had access to my real-time emotion stream, and I could share that with my family back home in a very natural way, just like I would've if we were all in the same room together? 如果我能用这套即时情绪串流工具, 我就能用非常自然的方法与远在家乡的家人分享, 就好像我们都在同一间房间一样,那有多好？
I think five years down the line, all our devices are going to have an emotion chip , and we won't remember what it was like when we couldn't just frown at our device and our device would say, "Hmm, you didn't like that, did you?" 我想五年后, 我们所有的装置都会有一个情绪晶片, 我们就会忘记当年装置还不会回应我们皱眉的时候说出: 「嗯,你不喜欢这个,是吧？」是什么样子。
chip:v.削,凿;削成碎片;剥落;碎裂;n.[电子]芯片;筹码;碎片;(食物的)小片;薄片;
Our biggest challenge is that there are so many applications of this technology, my team and I realize that we can't build them all ourselves, so we've made this technology available so that other developers can get building and get creative . 我们最大的挑战是这种科技有许多应用程式, 我和我的团队瞭解我们不可能只靠自己发展全部, 所以我们开放这项科技让其他开发者 能继续开发并激发创意。
developers:n.开发商;发展者;[摄]显影剂(developer的复数); creative:adj.创造性的;
We recognize that there are potential risks and potential for abuse , but personally , having spent many years doing this, 我们知道会有潜在风险, 也可能遭到滥用, 但是个人认为,在花了这么多年做这个之后,
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; abuse:n.滥用;虐待;辱骂;弊端;恶习,陋习;v.滥用;虐待;辱骂; personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
I believe that the benefits to humanity from having emotionally intelligent technology far outweigh the potential for misuse . 我相信这对人类的益处, 就是开发情绪智能科技的益处, 远超过误用的潜在危险。
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; outweigh:vt.比…重(在重量上);比…重要;比…有价值; misuse:vt.滥用;误用;虐待;n.滥用;误用;虐待;
And I invite you all to be part of the conversation. 我请大家口耳相传。
The more people who know about this technology, the more we can all have a voice in how it's being used. 愈多人知道这项科技, 我们就愈能发声说明这该如何使用。
So as more and more of our lives become digital, we are fighting a losing battle trying to curb our usage of devices in order to reclaim our emotions. 随着我们的生活愈来愈数位化, 试图以遏止使用装置来重拾情绪 是一场必败的仗。
curb:vt.遏制;控制,限定,约束;n.起控制(或限制)作用的事物 usage:n.使用;利用;利用率;惯用法; reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶;
So what I'm trying to do instead is to bring emotions into our technology and make our technologies more responsive . 与其如此,我宁可把情感带进科技, 让我们的科技更有回应。
responsive:adj.响应的;应答的;回答的;
So I want those devices that have separated us to bring us back together. 所以我想用这些原本使我们疏远的装置, 让我们重新结合在一起。
And by humanizing technology, we have this golden opportunity to reimagine how we connect with machines, and therefore, how we, as human beings, connect with one another. 藉着把科技人性化,我们拥有这个黄金时机 来重新想像我们如何与机器连结, 进而想像我们身为人类 如何能重新连结彼此。
humanizing:赋予人性;教化;使通人情(humanize的现在分词); reimagine:重新想象;再回味
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）