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RahulMehrotra_2019-_临时城市的建筑奇迹_-
On this planet today, there are about 50 cities that are larger than five million people. 今天在这个世界上, 有50个人口超过500万的城市。
I'm going to share with you the story of one such city, a city of seven million people, but a city that's a temporary megacity , an ephemeral megacity. 接下来我想分享其中一个城市的故事, 一个拥有700万人口的城市。 但是这个特大城市 是临时搭建的,很短暂,
temporary:adj.暂时的,临时的;n.临时工,临时雇员; megacity:n.大城市(人口超过1000万的); ephemeral:adj.短暂的;朝生暮死的;n.只生存一天的事物;
This is a city that is built for a Hindu religious festival called Kumbh Mela, which occurs every 12 years, in smaller editions every four years, and takes place at the confluence of the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers in India. 这个城市是为了 印度教的节日而搭建的, 节日的名字叫大壶节。 这个节日每12年举行一次, 每4年以小一点的规模举行, 就在印度恒河和亚穆纳河两条河流 汇合的地方举办。
Hindu:adj.印度的;印度教的;n.印度人;印度教教徒; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数); confluence:n.(河流的)汇合,汇流点;(人或物的)聚集;
And for this festival, about 100 million people congregate . 为了庆祝这个节日, 约1亿人聚在一起。
congregate:vt.聚集;vi.聚集;adj.集合在一起的;
The reason so many people congregate here, is the Hindus believe that during the festival, the cycle every 12 years, if you bathe at the confluence of these two great rivers you are freed from rebirth . 这么多人聚在一起, 是因为印度教徒相信在这个节日, 12年为一个轮回, 如果你在这两条河的汇合处沐浴, 便可经历重生得到自由。
Hindus:n.印度教徒;印度教的; bathe:v.用水清洗(尤指身体部位); n.(在海、河等中的)游泳; rebirth:n.再生;复兴;
It's a really compelling idea, you are liberated from life as we know it. 这是个非常打动人的信念, 我们可以理解为从生命中得到解放。
compelling:adj.引人入胜的; v.强迫; (compel的现在分词) liberated:adj.不受传统思想束缚的,开放的; v.解放; (liberate的过去式和过去分词)
And this is what attracts these millions. 正是这个信仰吸引了上亿人,
And an entire megacity is built to house them. 而一个特大城市为了 容纳这些人也随之落成。
Seven million people live there for the 55 days, and the other 100 million visit. 700万人在这里住上55天, 还有另外1亿人前来参加。
These are images from the same spot that we took over the 10 weeks that it takes for the city to emerge . 这是同一地方在不同时期拍摄的照片, 一张是10周以前, 城市尚未开工建设时拍的, 一张是特大城市 快要成型的时候拍的。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数) emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相;
After the monsoon , as the waters of these rivers begin to recede and the sand banks expose themselves, it becomes the terrain for the city. 季风过后, 当这两条河流逐渐消退, 河床开始显露出来的时候, 这就成为了特大城市的地带。
monsoon:n.季风;(印度等地的)雨季;季候风; recede:v.逐渐远离;慢慢变小;变秃; expose:v.揭露,揭发;使曝光;显示; terrain:n.[地理]地形,地势;领域;地带;
And by the 15th of January, starting 15th of October to 15th of January, in these weeks an entire city emerges . 到了1月15日, 从上一年10月15日 到下一年的1月15日, 也就这几个月的功夫, 一整个城市拔地而起。
emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露;
A city that houses seven million people. 一个能容纳700万人的城市。
What is fascinating is this city actually has all the characteristics of a real megacity: a grid is employed to lay the city out. 令人惊奇的是,这个城市 拥有一个真正的特大城市 所有该有的特点: 城市的布局井然,
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) characteristics:n.特征;特点;品质;(characteristic的复数) grid:n.网格;格子,栅格;输电网; employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式)
The urban system is a grid and every street on this city goes across the river on a pontoon bridge. 城市系统就像是一个棋盘, 城市里的每一条街道, 就是横跨河流的一条条浮桥。
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的; pontoon:n.浮筒;浮码头;浮舟;驳船;vt.架浮桥于;
Incredibly resilient , because if there's an unseasonal downpour or if the river changes course, the urban system stays intact , the city adjusts itself to this terrain which can be volatile . 它异常地坚韧, 就算遇上反季节的暴雨 或者河流改道, 这个城市系统仍能保持完好无损, 这个城市会调整自己 来暂时适应这种地势。
Incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的; unseasonal:adj.非季节性的; downpour:n.倾盆大雨;注下; intact:adj.完整的;原封不动的;未受损伤的; adjusts:(改变…以)适应,调整,校正(adjust的第三人称单数); volatile:adj.[化学]挥发性的;不稳定的;爆炸性的;反覆无常的;n.挥发物;有翅的动物;
It also replicates all forms of physical , as well as social, infrastructure . 同时它也复制了城市里 该有的物理和社会基础设施。
replicates:复制; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Water supply , sewage , electricity , there are 1,400 CCTV cameras that are used for security by an entire station that is set up. 用水供给、下水道、电气, 还有1400台用于安保的闭路电视 就在搭建起来的电路站之上。
Water supply:供水; sewage:n.污水;下水道;污物; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
But also social infrastructure, like clinics , hospitals, all sorts of community services, that make this function like any real megacity would do. 同时还有社会基础设施, 如诊所、医院, 各种各样的社区服务, 使之如真正的特大城市那样运转起来。
clinics:n.诊所(clinic的复数形式); community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
10,500 sweepers are employed by the city. 这座城市还雇佣了10500名清洁工。
sweepers:n.清扫兵(sweeper的复数);
It has a governance system, a Mela Adhikari, or the commissioner of the festival, that ensures that land is allocated , there are systems for all of this, that the system of the city, the mobility , all works efficiently . 它还有自己的管理系统, 一个Mela Adhikari, 也可以叫做节庆的行政长官, 以确保土地被合理分配利用, 有各种系统支撑城市, 确保城市系统和流动性 都能高效运转。
governance:n.管理;统治;支配; commissioner:n.理事;委员;行政长官;总裁; ensures:v.保证,确定(原形为ensure); allocated:v.拨…(给);划…(归);分配…(给);(allocate的过去式和过去分词) mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; efficiently:adv.有效地;效率高地(efficient的副词形式);
You know, it was the cleanest and the most efficient Indian city 那是我住过的最干净、最高效
I've lived in. 的印度城市。
(Laughter) （笑声）
And that's what it looks like in comparison to Manhattan, 30 square kilometers, that's the scale of the city. 这是它跟曼哈顿的对比照, 30平方千米, 这就是这个城市的规模。
comparison:n.比较;对比;相比; scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢;
And this is not an informal city or a pop-up city. 这不是一个不规范的城市 也不是一个快闪的城市,
informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的;
This is a formal city, this is a state enterprise, the government sets this up. 这是一个规范的城市,一个国家企业, 由政府一手建立的。
In today's world of neoliberalism and capitalism , where the state has devolved itself complete responsibility from making and designing cities, this is an incredible case. 今天新自由主义和资本主义大行其道, 国家已经发展成了 为城市的设计和建立全权负责, 这是一个非凡的案例。
neoliberalism:n.新自由主义;新自由主义经济学派; capitalism:n.资本主义; devolved:移交; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
It's a deliberate , intentional city, a formal city. 这个城市是深思熟虑的, 有意打造的,规范有序的。
deliberate:v.深思熟虑;仔细考虑;反复思考;adj.故意的;蓄意的;存心的;不慌不忙的; intentional:adj.故意的;蓄意的;策划的;
And it's a city that sits on the ground very lightly . 这个城市只是搭建于地表之上。
lightly:adv.轻轻地;轻松地;容易地;不费力地;
It sits on the banks of these rivers. 它建立在河床之上。
And it leaves very little mark. 几乎不留一丝痕迹。
There are no foundations; fabric is used to build this entire city. 没有任何根基; 整个城市是用织物搭建起来的。
fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构;
What's also quite incredible is that there are five materials that are used to build this settlement for seven million people: eight-foot tall bamboo, string or rope, nails or screw and a skinning material. 同样令人惊奇的是 打造这个供700万人生活的城市 只用到了五种材料: 8英尺长的竹子、绳索、 钉子或螺钉,以及一种表面材料。
settlement:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点; string:n.字符串; v.悬挂; adj.由弦乐器组成的; screw:v.旋,拧;压榨;强迫;n.螺旋;螺丝钉;吝啬鬼;
Could be corrugated metal, a fabric or plastic. 可能是波纹金属,织物或者塑料。
corrugated:adj.波纹的;缩成皱纹的;有瓦楞的;v.(使)起皱纹(corrugate的过去式);
And these materials come together and aggregate . 这些材料结合在一起,
aggregate:vi.集合; vt.集合; n.合计; adj.聚合的;
It's like a kit of parts. 就像是一套零件,
kit:v.装备;n.成套工具;配套元件;成套设备;全套衣服及装备;
And it's used all the way from a small tent, which might house five or six people, or a family, to temples that can house 500, sometimes 1,000 people. 可用于城市的所有地方,从小小的帐篷, 可容纳5到6个人或者一个小家庭, 到能容纳500人, 甚至上千人的庙宇。
And this kit of parts, and this imagination of the city, allows it to be disassembled . 这套零件或者说 这个城市的设想, 能允许它被快速拆卸。
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; disassembled:v.拆散(disassemble的过去式形式);adj.拆开的;分散的;
And so at the end of the festival, within a week, the entire city is disassembled. 到了节庆的尾声,在一周之内, 整个城市就能被拆卸。
These are again images from the same spot. 这都是同一个地点的照片。
And the terrain is offered back to the river, as with the monsoon the water swells again. 当季风来临,河水再次上涨的时候, 整个地带再次被河流淹没。
swells:v.涌浪;胀罐(swell的第三人称单数形式);n.肿胀(swell的复数);
And it's this sort of imagination as a kit of parts that allows this disassembly and the reabsorption of all this material. 这是一种把城市变成一套零件的设想, 能够被拆卸, 让所有材料得到回收再利用。
disassembly:n.拆卸;反汇编;分解; reabsorption:n.再吸收;
So the electricity poles go to little villages in the hinterland , the pontoon bridges are used in small towns, the material is all reabsorbed . 电线杆会被送到内陆的小村庄, 浮桥则用在小城镇, 这些材料全被再回收。
poles:n.极点(pole的复数形式);雪杖;杆位次数; hinterland:n.内地;穷乡僻壤;靠港口供应的内地贸易区; reabsorbed:vi.再吸附;重吸收;
Fascinating, it's amazing. 令人啧啧称奇,非常棒。
Now, you may embrace these Hindu beliefs or not. 你也许不太相信印度教信仰。
embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
But you know, this is a stunning example, and it's worthy of reflection . 但这是个神奇的例子, 值得人深思。
stunning:adj.惊人的; v.使昏迷; (stun的现在分词) worthy:adj.值得的; n.杰出人物; reflection:n.反映;沉思;映像;深思;
Here, human beings spend an enormous amount of energy and imagination knowing that the city is going to reverse , it's going to be disassembled, it's going to disappear , it's the ephemeral megacity. 在这里,人们耗费了 巨大的力量与想象力, 深知这个城市将会被逆转, 将会被拆卸, 将会消失, 这是个短暂的特大城市,
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的; disappear:v.消失;失踪;不复存在;
And it has profound lessons to teach us. 给我们上了一堂宝贵的课。
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
Lessons about how to touch the ground lightly, about reversibility , about disassembly. 这是一堂有关于如何 尽可能靠近地表打造建筑, 关于逆转, 关于拆卸,
reversibility:n.[数]可逆性;可撤销;可反转性;
Rather amazing. 令人惊奇万分。
And you know, we are, as humans, obsessed with permanence . 要知道作为人类,我们都沉迷于永恒。
obsessed:v.使痴迷;使迷恋;使着迷;(obsess的过去式和过去分词) permanence:n.持久;永久;
We resist change. 我们抗拒改变。
resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂;
It's an impulse that we all have. 这是一种所有人共有的天性。
impulse:n.冲动;[电子]脉冲;刺激;神经冲动;推动力;v.推动;
And we resist change in spite of the fact that change is perhaps the only constant in our lives. 我们抗拒改变,哪怕事实上 改变才是我们生活中的常态。
in spite of:尽管;不管,不顾;
Everything has an expiry date , including Spaceship Earth, our planet. 所有东西都有期限, 包括宇宙飞船一样的地球, 也就是我们的星球。
expiry date:n.截止日期;(物品、食品等的)有效期;
So what can we learn from these sorts of settlements ? 那我们从这些建造过程中 能学到什么呢？
settlements:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点;(settlement的复数)
Burning Man, of course much smaller, but reversible . 就如火人节,规模要更小一些, 但是同样能逆转。
reversible:adj.可逆的;可撤消的;可反转的;n.双面布料;
Or the thousands of markets for transaction , that appear around the globe in Asia, Latin America , Africa, this one in Mexico, where the parking lots are animated on the weekends, about 50,000 vendors , but on a temporal cycle. 或者出现在全球各地的 成千上万的交易市场, 在亚洲、拉丁美洲、非洲, 图中这个在墨西哥, 一到周末停车场就被调用起来, 可以容纳5万个摊位, 这只是一个临时的区域。
transaction:n.处理;业务;办理; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区); animated:adj.栩栩如生的; v.使具活力; (animate的过去分词和过去式) vendors:n.供应商,销售商(vendor的复数); temporal:adj.暂时的;当时的;现世的;n.世间万物;暂存的事物;
The farmer's market in the Americas: it's an amazing phenomenon , creates new chemistries, extends the margin of space that is unused or not used optimally , like parking lots, for example. 美洲大陆上的农贸市场: 这是一种不可思议的现象, 催化出了新的化学反应, 使得空间得以延伸, 这是未被使用或者 未被充分利用的地方,如停车场。
phenomenon:n.现象;杰出的人;非凡的人(或事物); extends:v.使伸长;扩大;扩展;延长;使延期;(extend的第三人称单数) margin:n.边缘;利润,余裕;页边的空白;v.加边于;加旁注于; unused:adj.不用的;从未用过的; optimally:adv.最佳;最适宜;
In my own city of Mumbai, where I practice as an architect and a planner , 在我的城市孟买, 我是一名建筑师,一名规划师,
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者; planner:n.计划者,规划师;
I see this in the everyday landscape . 我每天都能看到这样的景色。
landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
I call this the Kinetic City. 我称之为“动态城市”。
Kinetic:adj.[力]运动的;活跃的;
It twitches like a live organism; it's not static . 她像一个活生生的、转变中的 有机体,并不是静态的,
twitches:v.急拉;抢走;抽动(twitch的三单形式);n.抽搐;急拉;阵痛(twitch的复数); static:adj.静止的; n.[物]静电(干扰);
It changes every day, on sometimes predictable cycles. 每天都在变化, 以一种偶尔能被预测的周期在变化。
predictable:adj.可预言的;
About six million people live in these kinds of temporary settlements. 大概有600万人口 生活在这种临时的建筑中。
Like -- unfortunately , like refugee camps, the slums of Mumbai, the favelas of Latin America. 举一个不太恰当的例子:类似难民营、 孟买的贫民窟、拉丁美洲的贫民窟。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地; refugee:n.难民;避难者;逃亡者;v.避难;adj.避难的; slums:n.贫民,[经]贫民区(slum的复数); v.到贫民窟去; favelas:n.(巴西)贫民窟(favela的复数);
Here, the temporary is becoming the new permanent . 在那些地方,临时正成为 一种新的永恒。
permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
Here, urbanism is not about grand vision , it's about grand adjustment . 在那里,城市化并不是宏大的愿景, 而是宏大的调整。
urbanism:n.都市生活;都市集中; vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; adjustment:n.调整,调节;调节器;
On the street in Mumbai, during the Ganesh festival, a transformation . 甘奈施节期间,在孟买的街道上 会出现一个转变。
Ganesh:象鼻神; transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
A community hall is created for 10 days. 一个为期10天的社区大堂建了起来,
Bollywood films are shown, thousands congregate for dinners and celebration. 放映着宝莱坞电影, 成千上万的人聚在一起吃饭,庆祝。
Bollywood:n.宝莱坞(位于印度孟买的电影制作中心);
It's made out of paper-mache and plaster of Paris . 这栋建筑是由纸浆和石膏做成的,
paper-mache:纸型;混凝纸;制型纸; plaster of Paris:na.烧石膏;
Designed to be disassembled, and in 10 days, overnight , it disappears , and the street goes back to anonymity . 可被拆卸的设计, 十天以后,一夜之间消失不见, 街道又恢复如初。
overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上; disappears:v.消失;不见;消亡;失踪;丢失;(disappear的第三人称单数) anonymity:n.匿名;匿名者;无名之辈;
Or our wonderful open spaces, we call them maidans . 又或者是那种美好的 开放空间,被称为广场,
maidans:n.练兵场;(用作市场或散步场的)空地;(maidans是maidan的复数)
And it's used for this incredibly nuanced and complicated , fascinating Indian game, called cricket , which, I believe, the British invented. 用作板球运动的场地。 板球是一种非常微妙又复杂的, 非常好玩的印度游戏, 我相信是英国人发明的。
nuanced:adj.微妙的; v.精确细腻地表演; complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式) cricket:n.蟋蟀;板球;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And in the evenings, a wedding wraps around the cricket pitch -- 傍晚时分, 一场婚礼围绕在球场展开——
wraps:n.外衣; v.包裹; pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
Notice, the cricket pitch is not touched, it's sacred ground. 请注意,板球场不能被碰到, 那可是神圣的领域。
(Laughter) （笑声）
But here, the club members and the wedding party partake in tea through a common kitchen. 但是在那里,球队和婚礼派对 在一个共同的厨房里一起喝茶。
partake:vi.分享;参与;分担;带有某种性质;vt.分担;分享;
And at midnight, it's disassembled, and the space offered back to the city. 午夜的时候场地就会被拆卸, 把占用的空间归还给城市。
Here, urbanism is an elastic condition. 在这里,城市化是一种弹性的条件。
elastic:n.橡皮圈;adj.有弹力(弹性)的;伸缩自如的;机变的;
And so, if we reflect about these questions, 如果我们回想一下这些问题,
I mean, I think many come to mind. 可能脑海里会浮现好几个。
But an important one is, are we really, in our cities, in our imagination about urbanism, making permanent solutions for temporary problems? 但是最重要的一个就是, 在我们的城市里,我们是否 凭着我们对城市化的设想, 想要用永恒的方法来解决一时的问题？
Are we locking resources into paradigms that we don't even know will be relevant in a decade? 我们是否把资源固定成一种范式, 甚至并不知道十年之后是否依然有用？
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); paradigms:n.范例,模范(paradigm的复数形式); relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
This becomes, I think, an interesting question that arises from this research. 这是在这项研究中, 我提出的一个有趣的问题。
arises:v.出现;发生;站立;
I mean, look at the abandoned shopping malls in North America , suburban North America. 看看在北美郊区那些被遗弃的 购物广场。
abandoned:adj.被抛弃的放纵的;v.抛弃;丢弃,离开;放弃;(abandon的过去分词和过去式) North America:n.北美洲; suburban:adj.郊区的,城郊的;土气的;见闻不广的;n.郊区居民;
Retail experts have predicted that in the next decade, of the 2,000 malls that exist today, 50 percent will be abandoned. 零售专家预测在10年之后, 现存的2000个购物广场中, 百分之五十会被遗弃。
Retail:vt.零售;转述;vi.零售;n.零售;adv.以零售方式;adj.零售的; predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式)
Massive amount of material, capturing resources, that will not be relevant soon. 这里面庞大的材料,获取的资源, 很快就没用了。
Massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; capturing:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;(capture的现在分词)
Or the Olympic stadiums . 或者世界各地的
stadiums:n.体育馆;露天大型运动场(stadium的复数);
Around the globe, cities build these under great contestation with massive resources, but after the games go, they can't often get absorbed into the city. 奥林匹克竞技场,各大城市动用 庞大的资源竞相建造, 但是奥运会一过, 这些竞技场往往不能融入到城市。
contestation:n.争论;主张;
Couldn't these be nomadic structures , deflatable , we have the technology for that, that get gifted to smaller towns around the world or in those countries, or are stored and moved for the next Olympics? 为什么我们不能将其变成 可移动的、可收缩的建筑, 我们有这样的技术, 把它送给下届主办国 或世界上其他更小的城镇, 又或者收藏起来移交到下一场奥运会？
nomadic:adj.游牧的;流浪的;游动的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); deflatable:可放气的;可紧缩的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; gifted:adj.有天赋的;有才华的;
A massive, inefficient use of resources. 这个资源利用庞大且低效。
inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的;
Like the circus . 其实就像马戏团一样。
circus:n.马戏;马戏团;
I mean, we could imagine it like the circus, this wonderful institution that used to camp in cities, set up this lovely kind of visual dialogue with the static city. 我们可以把她想象成一个马戏团, 这个过去驻扎在城市的美好的设施, 在静态的城市中所建立起的 美好的视觉对话,
institution:n.制度;建立;(社会或宗教等)公共机构;习俗; visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的;
And within it, the amazement . 其中充斥着一种惊奇。
amazement:n.惊异;惊愕;
Children of different ethnic groups become suddenly aware of each other, people of color become aware of others, income groups and cultures and ethnicities all come together around the amazement of the ring with animals and performers. 不同民族的孩子们 突然发现对方的存在, 不同肤色的人们意识到其他人的存在, 不同收入群体、不同文化、 不同民族的人们 相聚在有动物和表演者的, 令人惊叹的马戏场周围。
ethnicities:n.种族划分;
New chemistries are created, people become aware of things, and this moves on to the next town. 新的化学反应产生,人们有所发现, 而这一切将传递到下一个城镇。
Or nature, the fluxes of nature, climate change, how do we deal with this, can we be more accommodating ? 或者大自然,流动的自然,气候变化, 我们是怎样处理的呢, 我们可否变得更适应变化？
fluxes:n.[流][机]流量(flux的复数); v.熔化(flux的三单形式); accommodating:adj.乐于助人的; v.容纳; (accommodate的现在分词)
Can we create softer urban systems? 我们可否创造更柔软的城市系统？
Or are we going to challenge nature continuously with heavy infrastructure, which we are already doing, unsuccessfully ? 还是说我们是否会 沿用那些刻板的基础建设, 用已经在进行却不太成功的方式 继续不断挑战自然？
continuously:adv.连续不断地; unsuccessfully:adv.失败地;无用;
Now, I'm not arguing that we've got to make our cities like a circus, 我不是在争辩 要把自己的城市变成马戏团,
I'm not arguing that cities must be completely temporary. 也不是在劝说 城市都应该全变成临时的。
I'm only making a plea that we need to make a shift in our imagination about cities, where we need to reserve more space for uses on a temporal scale. 我只是在提出一个请求, 应该转变一下我们对城市的设想, 我们需要保留更多的空间, 保留一些供临时用途的空间。
plea:n.请求;恳求;答辩;借口; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; reserve:n.储备,储存; vt.储备; vi.预订;
Where we need to use our resources efficiently, to extend the expiry date of our planet. 在这些空间里我们需要 有效地利用资源, 去延长我们星球的寿命。
We need to change planning urban design cultures, to think of the temporal, the reversible, the disassembleable. 我们需要改变对城市设计文化的规划, 想想那些临时的、可逆转的, 可拆卸的规划。
And that can be tremendous in terms of the effect it might have on our lives. 这样的规划可能意义重大, 就其影响力而言, 可能影响我们的生活。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的;
I often think back to the Kumbh Mela that I visited with my students and I studied, and this was a moment where the city had been disassembled. 我常常回想起我和学生们 一起参加的大壶节, 我在那里做研究, 当时正值整个城市被拆卸之后,
A week after the festival was over. 就在节庆结束的一周后。
There was no mark. 并没有留下任何痕迹。
The terrain was waiting to be covered over by the water, to be consumed . 整个地带正等待着被河水淹没, 等待被吞噬。
consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式)
And I went to thank a high priestess who had helped us and my students through our research and facilitated us through this process . 我去向一名女祭司道谢, 在研究期间她帮助了 我和学生的研究, 指导着我们经历整个节庆过程。
priestess:n.女祭司;神职人员; facilitated:v.促进;促使;使便利;(facilitate的过去分词和过去式) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
And I went to her with great enthusiasm , and I told her about how much we had learned about infrastructure, the city, the efficiency of the city, the architecture , the five materials that made the city. 我满怀热情走向她, 我跟她说我们学习到了很多东西, 有关于基础设施、城市、 还有城市的运转效率, 建筑物、打造城市的五种材料。
enthusiasm:n.热心,热忱,热情; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
She looked really amused , she was smiling. 她看起来像是被逗乐了,微笑着。
amused:adj.好笑的;逗乐的;v.逗乐;逗笑;(使)娱乐;(amuse的过去分词和过去式)
In any case , she leaned forward and put her hand on my head to bless me. 她开始身体前倾, 把一只手放在我头上,予以我祝福。
In any case:无论如何; leaned:v.前俯后仰;倾斜;倚靠;使斜靠;(lean的过去分词和过去式)
And she whispered in my ear, she said, "Feel blessed that the Mother Ganges allowed you all to sit in her lap for a few days." 接着她在我耳旁小声说道, “恒河母亲允许你们 在她的膝盖上待上几天, 这是对你们的眷顾。”
blessed:adj.神圣的; v.求上帝降福于; (bless的过去分词和过去式)
I've often thought about this, and of course, I understood what she said. 自那以后我常常回想起这句话, 当然我懂她的意思。
She said, cities, people, architecture will come and go, but the planet is here to stay. 她说的是,城市、人类和 建筑都要经历生死轮回, 只有星球是一直存在的。
Touch it lightly, leave a minimal mark. 轻轻触碰,几乎不着痕迹。
minimal:adj.最低的;最小限度的;
And I think that's an important lesson for us as citizens and architects . 我想这对于作为居民和建筑师 的大众来说是很重要的一课。
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
And I think it was this experience that made me believe that impermanence is bigger than permanence and bigger than us all. 我想正是这段经历 让我相信暂时的状态比永恒更重要, 比我们所有人都重要。
impermanence:n.无常;暂时性;
Thank you for listening. 谢谢你们的聆听。
(Applause) （掌声）