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RaffaelloDAndrea_2016-_未来飞行器的耀眼之光_
What started as a platform for hobbyists is poised to become a multibillion-dollar industry. 我们从一个爱好者的平台开始, 逐渐发展成数十亿美元的产业。
platform:n.平台; v.把…放在台上[放在高处; hobbyists:n.(业余)爱好者;(hobbyist的复数) poised:adj.摆好姿势准备行动的; v.保持(某种姿势); multibillion-dollar:adj.数万亿美元的;
Inspection , environmental monitoring, photography and film and journalism : these are some of the potential applications for commercial drones , and their enablers are the capabilities being developed at research facilities around the world. 侦查、环境监控、摄影、电影,还有新闻业: 这些新兴技术带给我们的影响。 它们的推动力来自世界各地的研究机构 正在开发的各种功能。
Inspection:n.视察,检查; photography:n.摄影;摄影术; journalism:n.新闻业,新闻工作;报章杂志; potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数) enablers:n.促成事情成功的人或因素(enabler的复数); facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数)
For example, before aerial package delivery entered our social consciousness , an autonomous fleet of flying machines built a six-meter-tall tower composed of 1,500 bricks 举个例子,在航空包裹递送 进入我们的社会认知之前, 一个自动化的飞行器小队就曾在法国的FRAC中心, 在现场观众面前,
aerial:adj.从飞机上的;空中的;空气中的;地表以上的;n.天线; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送; consciousness:n.意识;知觉;觉悟;感觉; autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的; composed:adj.由…组成的; v.组成; (compose的过去分词和过去式)
in front of a live audience at the FRAC Centre in France, and several years ago, they started to fly with ropes. 用1500块砖块建了6米高的塔, 几年前它们开始带着绳索飞行。
Centre:中心
By tethering flying machines, they can achieve high speeds and accelerations in very tight spaces. 用绳子系住这些飞行器, 可以让它们在极窄的空间里实现极快的速度和加速。
tethering:n.系留放牧;v.练栓;拘束(tether的ing形式);
They can also autonomously build tensile structures . 它们还可以自动地建构可伸长的结构。
autonomously:adv.自治地;独立自主地; tensile:adj.[力]拉力的;可伸长的;可拉长的; structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式);
Skills learned include how to carry loads, how to cope with disturbances , and in general , how to interact with the physical world. 对于我们这样的人来说,真正的回报在于创造性的旅程和行动。 如何应对障碍物, 以及概括地说,如何与这个物理世界相互作用等等的技巧。
cope:v.处理;n.大圆衣; disturbances:n.[通信][电子]干扰;失调(disturbance的复数形式);困惑; in general:总之,通常;一般而言; interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
Today we want to show you some new projects that we've been working on. 今天我想展示几个我们正在进行的新项目。
Their aim is to push the boundary of what can be achieved with autonomous flight. 它们的目标是尽所能地扩展 自动化飞行领域的应用范围。
boundary:n.边界;范围;分界线;
Now, for a system to function autonomously, it must collectively know the location of its mobile objects in space. 现在,对于一个拥有自动化功能的系统, 它必须全面地了解它的移动物体在空间中的位置。
collectively:adv.共同地,全体地; location:n.地方;地点;位置;定位 mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的;
Back at our lab at ETH Zurich, we often use external cameras to locate objects, which then allows us to focus our efforts on the rapid development of highly dynamic tasks. 回到我们在苏黎世联邦理工学院（ETH Zurich）的实验室, 我们经常用外部的摄像头去定位目标, 它可以让我们将精力专注于 高动态任务的快速开发上。
external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; locate:v.确定…的准确地点;把…安置在(或建造于);创办于(某地); highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的;
For the demos you will see today, however, we will use new localization technology developed by Verity Studios , a spin-off from our lab. 但对于你们今天要看到的演示来说, 大量自动化的协作实体机 它是我们实验室的一个分支机构。
demos:n.民众;人民;游行;录音样带(demo的复数形式); localization:n.[计]定位;局限;地方化; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; Verity:n.真实;真理;事实;真实性; Studios:n.工作室(studio的复数); spin-off:n.副产品;资产分派,让产易股;
There are no external cameras. 它们外面没有摄像头,
Each flying machine uses onboard sensors to determine its location in space and onboard computation to determine what its actions should be. 每个飞行器用机载传感器来确定它在空间当中的位置, 并通过机载计算来决定它需要进行的行动。
flying machine:n.航空器; onboard:adv.在船上;在飞机上;在板上;adj.随车携带的; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; computation:n.估计,计算;
The only external commands are high-level ones such as "take off" and "land." 唯一的外部命令都是高级命令, 比如“起飞”或者“着陆”。
high-level:adj.高级的;高阶层的;在高空的;
This is a so-called tail-sitter. 这就是所谓的立式垂直起落机。
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的;
It's an aircraft that tries to have its cake and eat it. 它就好像是一个什么都想实现的飞机器。
aircraft:n.飞机,航空器;
Like other fixed-wing aircraft, it is efficient in forward flight, much more so than helicopters and variations thereof . 和其他固定机翼的飞行器一样,它向前飞行的效率更高, 要比直升飞机和其变种强得多,
fixed-wing:固定翼; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; variations:n.变奏曲,变更;[生物]变种(variation的复数形式); thereof:adv.它的;由此;在其中;关于…;将它;
Unlike most other fixed-wing aircraft, however, it is capable of hovering , which has huge advantages for takeoff , landing and general versatility . 但又不像其他固定机翼的飞行器, 它能够悬停, 这让它在起飞、着陆和常见的动作上 拥有巨大的优势。
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的; hovering:v.翱翔;盘旋;踌躇;靠近(某事物);处于不稳定状态(hover的现在分词) advantages:n.有利条件; v.有利于; takeoff:起飞;开始;起跳;起跳的,起飞的; versatility:n.多功能性;多才多艺;用途广泛;
There is no free lunch, unfortunately . 可惜世界上没有免费的午餐。
unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
One of the limitations with tail-sitters is that they're susceptible to disturbances such as wind gusts . 一个限制因素就是 它们容易受到干扰,比如风吹。
limitations:n.局限性;(限制)因素;边界(limitation的复数形式); susceptible:adj.易受影响的;易感动的;容许…的;n.易得病的人; gusts:n.风味;一阵狂风;趣味;vi.一阵阵地劲吹;
We're developing new control architectures and algorithms that address this limitation. 我们正在开发新的控制架构和算法 来打破这个限制。
architectures:n.建筑;架构(architecture的复数);
The idea is for the aircraft to recover no matter what state it finds itself in, and through practice, improve its performance over time. 我们的想法是让飞行器无论如何 都能恢复初始状态, 并且通过练习,还能逐渐提升性能。
no matter what:不管什么…; improve:v.改进;改善; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
When doing research, we often ask ourselves fundamental abstract questions that try to get at the heart of a matter. 在做研究的时候, 我们会问自己一些基本的抽象问题, 试图了解问题的关键。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要;
For example, one such question would be, what is the minimum number of moving parts needed for controlled flight? 举个例子,一个问题可能是, 受控飞行所需的最小组件数量是多少？
minimum:n.最低限度;最小值;最少量;极小量;adj.最低的;最小的;最低限度的;
Now, there are practical reasons why you may want to know the answer to such a question. 现在也有一些现实的原因 让你想知道这类问题的答案。
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
Helicopters, for example, are affectionately known as machines with a thousand moving parts all conspiring to do you bodily harm. 举个例子,直升机, 人们根深蒂固地认为它有数千个零部件组成, 这些部件都“处心积虑地”想要对你的身体造成伤害。
affectionately:adv.亲切地;挚爱地; conspiring:v.密谋;图谋;阴谋;(conspire的现在分词) bodily:adv.整体地;亲自地;以肉体形式;adj.身体的;肉体的;
It turns out that decades ago, skilled pilots were able to fly remote-controlled aircraft that had only two moving parts: a propeller and a tail rudder . 事实证明数十年以前, 有经验的飞行员就已经可以操控遥控飞机了, 这些飞机只有两个活动部件: 螺旋桨和尾翼。
skilled:adj.熟练的;有技能的;需要技能的; remote-controlled:遥控的,远距离操纵的,远距离控制的; propeller:n.[航][船]螺旋桨;推进器; rudder:n.船舵;飞机方向舵;
We recently discovered that it could be done with just one. 我们最近发现活动部件只要一个就够了。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
This is the monospinner, the world's mechanically simplest controllable flying machine, invented just a few months ago. 这就是单螺旋机, 世界上机械结构最简单的可控飞行器, 几个月前才被发明出来。
mechanically:adv.机械地;呆板地;物理上地; controllable:adj.可控制的;可管理的;能操纵的;
It has only one moving part, a propeller. 它只有一个活动部件,即螺旋桨。
It has no flaps , no hinges , no ailerons , no other actuators , no other control surfaces, just a simple propeller. 它没有襟翼、铰链和副翼, 没有其他的制动器和控制面板, 只有一个简单的螺旋桨。
flaps:n.马唇肿胀; hinges:n.铰链;合叶;v.给(某物)装铰链;(hinge的第三人称单数和复数) ailerons:n.[航]副翼(aileron的复数); actuators:n.[电]致动器,制动器(actuator复数形式);
Even though it's mechanically simple, there's a lot going on in its little electronic brain to allow it to fly in a stable fashion and to move anywhere it wants in space. 即使机械结构很简单, 它里面的微电脑却在不断 让它能稳定飞行,并到达任何想去的地方。
electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的; stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房;
Even so, it doesn't yet have the sophisticated algorithms of the tail-sitter, which means that in order to get it to fly, 即便如此 ,它还没有 立式起落机的复杂算法, 也就是说要让它飞的话,
sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
I have to throw it just right. 我要用正确的方式把它扔出去。
And because the probability of me throwing it just right is very low, given everybody watching me, what we're going to do instead is show you a video that we shot last night. 考虑到我正确扔出的概率非常低, 毕竟大家都在看我, 所以我们就展示一下 我们昨天晚上拍摄的视频吧。
probability:n.可能性;机率;[数]或然率;
(Laughter) （笑）
(Applause) （鼓掌）
If the monospinner is an exercise in frugality , this machine here, the omnicopter, with its eight propellers , is an exercise in excess . 如果说单螺旋机只是在做简单的运动, 那么这个机器,带有八个螺旋桨的全向直升机, 肯定是在做超量的运动了。
frugality:n.俭省,节俭; propellers:n.[航][船]螺旋桨;[印刷]螺旋辊(propeller的复数); excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的;
What can you do with all this surplus ? 你可以用这些额外的功能做什么呢？
surplus:n.剩余;[贸易]顺差;盈余;过剩;adj.剩余的;过剩的;
The thing to notice is that it is highly symmetric . 要注意它是高度对称的。
symmetric:adj.对称的;匀称的;
As a result , it is ambivalent to orientation . 因此,它完全不具有方向性。
As a result:结果; ambivalent:adj.矛盾的;好恶相克的; orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方;
This gives it an extraordinary capability . 这给了它一个不同寻常的能力。
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的; capability:n.才能,能力;性能,容量;
It can move anywhere it wants in space irrespective of where it is facing and even of how it is rotating . 它可以在空中随意移动 而不用考虑它面对的方向, 甚至不用考虑如何旋转。
irrespective of:prep.不考虑;不管;不受…影响;adj.不顾;不考虑; rotating:v.(使)旋转,转动;(工作)由…轮值;(rotate的现在分词)
It has its own complexities , mainly having to do with the interacting flows from its eight propellers. 它有它的复杂性, 主要问题都和它的8个螺旋桨 所产生的交互气流有关。
complexities:n.复杂性(complexity的复数);错综复杂的事物; mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词)
Some of this can be modeled, while the rest can be learned on the fly . 有些问题可以通过建模解决,而剩下的可以在飞行中学习。
on the fly:n.邻近备用设备;即时烧录;真时;
Let's take a look. 我们来看一下。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
If flying machines are going to enter part of our daily lives, they will need to become extremely safe and reliable . 如果飞行器要进入到我们的日常生活当中, 它们就需要变得非常安全可靠。
extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的;
This machine over here is actually two separate two-propeller flying machines. 我手中的这个机器实际上 是两个独立的双螺旋桨飞行器。
This one wants to spin clockwise . 这一个想要顺时针旋转。
clockwise:adv.顺时针方向地;adj.顺时针方向的;
This other one wants to spin counterclockwise . 另一个想要逆时针旋转。
counterclockwise:adj.反时针方向的;adv.反时针方向;
When you put them together, they behave like one high-performance quadrocopter. 当你把它们放在一起, 它们运行起来就像一架高性能的四轴无人机。
behave:v.表现;(机器等)运转;举止端正;(事物)起某种作用; high-performance:adj.高性能的;高效能的;
If anything goes wrong, however -- a motor fails, a propeller fails, electronics , even a battery pack -- the machine can still fly, albeit in a degraded fashion. 可是如果发生了意外, 电机故障,螺旋桨故障,电子组件,甚至电池组故障, 这个机器依然能飞,尽管性能会有所下降。
electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位; albeit:conj.虽然;即使; degraded:adj.退化的; v.分解; (degrade的过去分词和过去式)
We're going to demonstrate this to you now by disabling one of its halves. 现在我们将展示一下其中一半被禁用的情况。
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; disabling:v.使不能;使失去能力;致残疾(disable的ing形式);
(Applause) （鼓掌）
This last demonstration is an exploration of synthetic swarms . 最后这个演示 是关于协作机群的探索。
demonstration:n.示范;演示;论证;证明; exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术; synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的;n.合成物; swarms:n.(昆虫等)群;[蜂]蜂群(swarm的复数);v.蜂拥;云集(swarm的第三人称单数);
The large number of autonomous, coordinated entities offers a new palette for aesthetic expression . 大量自动化的协作实体机 为美学表达提供了一个全新的器械平台。
coordinated:v.使协调;使相配合;搭配,协调;(coordinate的过去分词和过去式) entities:n.实体;存在(entity的复数形式);字符实体; palette:n.调色板;颜料; aesthetic:adj.美的;美学的;审美的,具有审美趣味的; expression:n.表现,表示,表达;
We've taken commercially available micro quadcopters, each weighing less than a slice of bread , by the way , and outfitted them with our localization technology and custom algorithms. 我们已经将微四轴飞行器运用到商业中, 顺便说下,每个都比一片面包还要轻, 并且装备上了我们的定位技术 和自定义算法。
commercially:adv.商业上;通商上; micro:adj.极小的;基本的;微小的;n.<口>微型计算机;微处理器; slice of bread:面包片; by the way:顺便说一下; outfitted:n.机构;用具;全套装备;vi.得到装备;vt.配备;供应;
Because each unit knows where it is in space and is self-controlled , there is really no limit to their number. 因为每个单元都知道自己在空间中所处的位置 并能自我控制, 所以无论多少个（同时运作）都可以。
self-controlled:自我控制;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
(Applause) （鼓掌）
(Applause) （鼓掌）
Hopefully, these demonstrations will motivate you to dream up new revolutionary roles for flying machines. 希望这些展示能够启发你们想象出 飞行器更多革命性的功能。
demonstrations:n.示范,展示(demonstration复数); motivate:v.激励;激发;成为…的动机;是…的原因; revolutionary:adj.革命性的;革命的;彻底变革的;n.改革者;革命者;
That ultrasafe one over there for example has aspirations to become a flying lampshade on Broadway . 我们以那个极其安全的飞行器为例, 它渴望成为百老汇的一个飞行灯罩。
aspirations:n.愿望; lampshade:n.灯罩; Broadway:n.百老汇(美国纽约市戏院集中的一条大街);
(Laughter) （笑）
The reality is that it is difficult to predict the impact of nascent technology. 实际上我们很难预测 这些新兴技术带给我们的影响。
predict:v.预报;预言;预告; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; nascent:adj.初期的;开始存在的,发生中的;
And for folks like us, the real reward is the journey and the act of creation . 对于我们这样的人来说,真正的回报在于创造性的旅程和行动。
reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物;
It's a continual reminder of how wonderful and magical the universe we live in is, that it allows creative , clever creatures to sculpt it in such spectacular ways. 它不断提醒我们, 我们生活的这个宇宙是多么精彩和神奇, 允许这些富有创造力的、聪明的生物 用这样壮观的方式塑造它。
continual:adj.持续不断的;频繁的; creative:adj.创造性的; creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数) sculpt:vt.造型;雕刻;vi.造型;雕刻;n.雕刻品; spectacular:adj.壮观的;壮丽的;令人惊叹的;n.壮观的场面;精彩的表演;
The fact that this technology has such huge commercial and economic potential is just icing on the cake . 事实上,这个技术 巨大的商业和经济潜能不过是一种 锦上添花而已。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; icing on the cake:锦上添花;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）