返回首页

RachelArmstrong_2009G-_自我修复的建筑学_
All buildings today have something in common. 现在,所有的建筑都有一个共同点
They're made using Victorian technologies . 就是都使用维多利亚时代的技术
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
This involves blueprints , industrial manufacturing and construction using teams of workers. 包括蓝图、 工业制造、 还有需要一群工人来建造
involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) blueprints:n.[印刷]蓝图; v.绘…的蓝图; industrial:adj.工业的,产业的; n.工业股票; manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
All of this effort results in an inert object. 这些都导致了一个消极的结果:
inert:adj.[化学]惰性的;呆滞的;迟缓的;无效的;
And that means that there is a one-way transfer of energy from our environment into our homes and cities. 这是一个单向的能源转换, 既从大自然到我们的城市和家中
one-way:adj.单程的;单行道的;单方面的; transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移;
This is not sustainable . 所以这不是可持续发展的。
sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
I believe that the only way that it is possible for us to construct genuinely sustainable homes and cities is by connecting them to nature, not insulating them from it. 我认为,建造可持续发展的家园和城市 的唯一方法, 就是把他们和自然联系到一起 而不是分离开来
genuinely:adv.真诚地;诚实地; insulating:adj.起隔热(或隔音、绝缘)作用的; v.使免除; (insulate的现在分词)
Now, in order to do this, we need the right kind of language. 现在,为了做到这,我们需要一种正确的语言和自然“对话”。
Living systems are in constant conversation with the natural world, through sets of chemical reactions called metabolism . 生命系统和大自然得以永久的沟通 在自然界之中 通过一系列“新陈代谢”式的化学反应。
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; reactions:n.反应;回应;抗拒;生理反应;副作用(reaction的复数) metabolism:n.[生理]新陈代谢;
And this is the conversion of one group of substances into another, either through the production or the absorption of energy. 这种“对话”是一些物质被转换成另一种 这种“对话”是一些物质被转换成另一种 通过生产或者吸收能量。
conversion:n.转换;变换;[金融]兑换;改变信仰; substances:n.[物]物质;基本内容;物品药物(substance的复数); absorption:n.吸收;全神贯注,专心致志;
And this is the way in which living materials make the most of their local resources in a sustainable way. 这是一种将当地资源以可持续的方式转变为生活资料的方法 这是一种将当地资源以可持续的方式转变为生活资料的方法 这是一种将当地资源以可持续的方式转变为生活资料的方法
make the most of:尽量利用;十分重视; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
So, I'm interested in the use of metabolic materials for the practice of architecture . 所以,我对把可以进行新陈代谢的物质 运用到建筑当中很感兴趣
metabolic:adj.变化的;新陈代谢的; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构;
But they don't exist. So I'm having to make them. 但这种材料并不存在,我要创造它们
I'm working with Architect Neil Spiller at the Bartlett School of Architecture. 我现在在Bartlett建筑学院 和Neil Spiller建筑师一起合作。
And we're collaborating with international scientists in order to generate these new materials from a bottom up approach . 同时,我们还和国际科学家一起合作 用自下而上的方法 来产生这种新物质。￡
collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词) generate:v.产生;引起; approach:n.方法;路径;v.接近;建议;着手处理;
That means we're generating them from scratch . 也就是说,我们要凭空创造。
generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词) from scratch:白手起家;从头做起;
One of our collaborators is chemist Martin Hanczyc, and he's really interested in the transition from inert to living matter. 化学家Martin Hanczyc是我们的一位合作者 他对处于惰性和活性之间的物质 很有兴趣。
collaborators:n.[劳经]合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数); chemist:n.化学家;药剂师;药房;化学师; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
Now, that's exactly the kind of process that I'm interested in, when we're thinking about sustainable materials. 那也正是我们在研究可持续发展物质中 让我感兴趣的。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
So, Martin, he works with a system called the Protocell . Martin用一个叫做“原生细胞”的系统工作
Protocell:原始细胞;
Now all this is -- and it's magic -- is a little fatty bag. And it's got a chemical battery in it. 这和魔术一样,看这个 是一团脂肪。里面有一个化学电池,
fatty:adj.脂肪的;肥胖的;多脂肪的;脂肪过多的;n.胖子; battery:n.[电]电池,蓄电池;n.[法]殴打;n.[军]炮台,炮位;
And it has no DNA. 但没有DNA。
This little bag is able to conduct itself in a way that can only be described as living. 这东西的行为方式 只有生命体才有
conduct:v.实施;执行;表现;引导;n.举止;管理方法;经营方式;实施办法; described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
It is able to move around its environment. 它可以在自己的环境中移动;
move around:v.走来走去;绕着…来回转;
It can follow chemical gradients . 被化学浓度高的地方吸引;
gradients:n.渐变,[数][物]梯度(gradient复数形式);
It can undergo complex reactions, some of which are happily architectural . 它们能承受复杂的环境变化。 它们是一些快乐的建筑师~
undergo:vt.经历,经受;忍受; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的;
So here we are. These are protocells, patterning their environment. 看这些原生细胞 能模仿周围的环境
We don't know how they do that yet. 我们还不知道它们是怎么做到这些的
Here, this is a protocell, and it's vigorously shedding this skin. 看,这也是个原生细胞,它正在努力的脱离表皮,
vigorously:adv.精神旺盛地,活泼地; shedding:v.去除;摆脱;使落下;掉落(货物);(shed的现在分词)
Now, this looks like a chemical kind of birth. 这有点像化学上的分娩,
This is a violent process. 是一个艰难的过程
violent:adj.暴力的;猛烈的;
Here, we've got a protocell to extract carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and turn it into carbonate . 这是一个能从大气中分离二氧化碳的原生细胞 这是一个能从大气中分离二氧化碳的原生细胞 并转换为碳酸盐
extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹; carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; carbonate:vt.使充满二氧化碳;使变成碳酸盐;n.碳酸盐;
And that's the shell around that globular fat. 就是那些球状物边上的硬壳
shell:n.壳;炮弹;壳层;骨架;v.脱壳;剥壳;采集贝壳;用壳体包被;short.shewill; globular:adj.球状的;由小球形成的;闻名世界的;
They are quite brittle . So you've only got a part of one there. 它们很脆,我们只能弄到一部分
brittle:adj.易碎的,脆弱的;易生气的;
So what we're trying to do is, we're trying to push these technologies towards creating bottom-up construction approaches for architecture, which contrast the current, Victorian, top-down methods which impose structure upon matter. 所以,我们所作的是试着把这些技术 用来创造一种自下而上的 建筑方法 有别于现在乃至维多利亚时代沿用的自上而下的方法 这可以加强材料的结构.
bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; approaches:v.靠近,接近; n.方式,方法,态度; contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比; top-down:adj.[计]自顶向下;组织管理严密的; impose:v.推行;迫使;强制实行;把…强加于; structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造;
That can't be energetically sensible . 它们更先进
energetically:adv.精力旺盛地;有力地; sensible:adj.明智的; n.可感觉到的东西;
So, bottom-up materials actually exist today. 这种材料 其实早就有了。
They've been in use, in architecture, since ancient times. 我们的祖先早就把它们运用在建筑上了。
If you walk around the city of Oxford, where we are today, and have a look at the brickwork , which I've enjoyed doing in the last couple of days, you'll actually see that a lot of it is made of limestone . 如果你走在如今的牛津城, 观察一下那些砖块—— 这些天我很喜欢这样—— 你能看见很多都是用石灰石做的。
have a look at:看一看,看一眼; brickwork:n.砌砖;砖砌的建筑物; limestone:n.[岩]石灰岩;
And if you look even closer, you'll see, in that limestone, there are little shells and little skeletons that are piled upon each other. 如果你更仔细的观察的话, 你可以看见那些石头里有些小贝壳 和小骨头互相堆积。
shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数) skeletons:n.骷髅;[解剖]骨骼(skeleton的复数);流言(歌曲名); piled:v.堆放;叠放;放置;装入;拥挤;(pile的过去分词和过去式)
And then they are fossilized over millions of years. 它们被石化了数百万年,
fossilized:adj.石化的;僵化的;老化的;v.石化(fossilize的过去式和过去分词);
Now a block of limestone, in itself, isn't particularly that interesting. 现在做成了一块砖头 很有意思吧。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
It looks beautiful. 这看起来很漂亮
But imagine what the properties of this limestone block might be if the surfaces were actually in conversation with the atmosphere. 但是想象一下这石头会怎么样 如果它的表面可以 一直和大气“对话”的话。
Maybe they could extract carbon dioxide. 也许它们可以提取二氧化碳。
Would it give this block of limestone new properties? 这会给这石灰砖新的特性吗？
Well, most likely it would. It might be able to grow. 最有可能的就是它可以生长。
It might be able to self-repair , and even respond to dramatic changes in the immediate environment. 也许可以自我修复, 甚至对所处环境更复杂的变化做出反应 甚至对所处环境更复杂的变化做出反应
self-repair:n.自行修复; respond:vi.回答;作出反应;承担责任;n.应答;唱和; dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的;
So, architects are never happy with just one block of an interesting material. 而建筑学不会对 就一块特殊材料的转头感到满足
architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数);
They think big. Okay? 他要考虑的更多,对吗？
So when we think about scaling up metabolic materials, we can start thinking about ecological interventions like repair of atolls , or reclamation of parts of a city that are damaged by water. 所以当我们想考虑更多的代谢材料时, 我们可以从生态干预入手, 像修复珊瑚礁一样, 或者是填埋那些 城市被水损害的部分
scaling:n.缩放比例; v.剥落; ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的; interventions:n.[法]干预,干涉;处置(intervention的复数); atolls:n.[海洋]环礁,[地理]环状珊瑚岛; reclamation:n.开垦;收回;再利用;矫正;
So, one of these examples would of course be the historic city of Venice . 这些例子 都像威尼斯一样。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的; Venice:n.威尼斯(意大利港市);
Now, Venice, as you know, has a tempestuous relationship with the sea, and is built upon wooden piles . 众所周知,威尼斯和海洋有着密切的关系, 而且它建造在木桩上。
tempestuous:adj.有暴风雨的;暴乱的;剧烈的; wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的 piles:n.痔疮;痔;
So we've devised a way by which it may be possible for the protocell technology that we're working with to sustainably reclaim Venice. 所以,我们发明了一种 可以让原生细胞技术 可持续的改变威尼斯的方法
devised:v.设计(devise的过去式和过去分词);计划;发明; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; sustainably:adv.支撑得住;能保持住地; reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶;
And architect Christian Kerrigan has come up with a series of designs that show us how it may be possible to actually grow a limestone reef underneath the city. 建筑师Christian Kerrigan 想出了一系列的设计 可以让城市下面的石灰石生长 可以让城市下面的石灰石生长
come up with:提出;想出;赶上; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; reef:礁,礁脉 underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的;
So, here is the technology we have today. 这就是我们现在有的技术
This is our protocell technology, effectively making a shell, like its limestone forefathers , and depositing it in a very complex environment, against natural materials. 这是我们的“原生细胞”技术 有效的生产出一种外壳,就像最早的石灰石一样, 并且沉积在非常复杂的环境当中 并可以对抗自然材料
forefathers:n.祖先;祖宗(尤指男性);(forefather的复数) depositing:v.放下;放置;使沉积;使沉淀;将钱存入银行;存储(deposit的现在分词)
We're looking at crystal lattices to see the bonding process in this. 现在,我们正在研究这其中晶胞的键合作用
crystal:n.水晶; adj.晶莹的;
Now, this is the very interesting part. 这是非常有意思的一个部分。
We don't just want limestone dumped everywhere in all the pretty canals. 我们不想让这些石灰石随便在这些美丽的运河中“排泄”
dumped:v.丢弃,扔掉;丢下;抛弃;倾销,抛售;(dump的过去分词和过去式)
What we need it to do is to be creatively crafted around the wooden piles. 我们需要它们在指定的地方生长 围绕着木桩生长
creatively:adv.创造性地;有创造力地; crafted:adj.精心制作的;v.精巧地制作(craft的过去分词);
So, you can see from these diagrams that the protocell is actually moving away from the light, toward the dark foundations . 你看图中这些原生细胞 正在远离光线 而朝着暗处运动
foundations:n.基础;地基;基金会;粉底;(foundations是foundation的复数)
We've observed this in the laboratory . 我们在实验室里观察到这一现象
observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式); laboratory:n.实验室,研究室;
The protocells can actually move away from the light. 它们可以远离光线
They can actually also move towards the light. You have to just choose your species . 它们也可以朝光运动,你只要选择它们的种类就行
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
So that these don't just exist as one entity , we kind of chemically engineer them. 所以,它们不是以一个实体存在的, 我们用化学工程改造它们
entity:n.实体;存在;本质; chemically:adv.用化学;以化学方法;
And so here the protocells are depositing their limestone very specifically , around the foundations of Venice, effectively petrifying it. 现在看到的这些细胞正在修复石灰石 非常有目的性的,包围威尼斯的根基, 有效的固定它。
specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; petrifying:v.使吓呆;使惊呆;(使)石化;(petrify的现在分词)
Now, this isn't going to happen tomorrow. It's going to take a while. 不过这些不是马上就能实现的,需要一些时间
It's going to take years of tuning and monitoring this technology in order for us to become ready to test it out in a case-by-case basis on the most damaged and stressed buildings within the city of Venice. 这需要几年的时间来改进和监控这项技术 为了可以在 一个案例一个案例测试的基础上 在威尼斯损伤最大的建筑上
tuning:n.调谐;收听;调音;v.(为乐器)调音;调节(发动机);调频道;(tune的现在分词) case-by-case:具体分析;个例;
But gradually , as the buildings are repaired, we will see the accretion of a limestone reef beneath the city. 但渐渐的,当这些建筑被修复时, 我们将看到一个城市的下方逐渐堆积的石灰礁。
gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地; accretion:n.添加;增加物;连生;冲积层; beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
An accretion itself is a huge sink of carbon dioxide. 自我堆积是一个很大的二氧化碳沉积过程
Also it will attract the local marine ecology, who will find their own ecological niches within this architecture. 这也会影响到当地的海洋生态系统, 它会找到自己在这个生态系统中的位置。
marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵; niches:n.[生态]生态位; v.把…放置在壁龛中;
So, this is really interesting. Now we have an architecture that connects a city to the natural world in a very direct and immediate way. 这真是很有趣,现在我们有一种 可以把城市与自然连接在一起的建筑技术 通过一种直接有效的方式
But perhaps the most exciting thing about it is that the driver of this technology is available everywhere. 不过也学最让人兴奋的是 这种技术在任何地方都有用。
This is terrestrial chemistry. We've all got it. 这是一种生态化学,我们全都掌握了。
terrestrial:adj.地球的;陆地的,[生物]陆生的;人间的;n.陆地生物;地球上的人;
Which means that this technology is just as appropriate for developing countries as it is for First World countries. 这意味着这种技术 对发达国家和发展中国家 都适合。
appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; First World:n.第一世界(指富有的工业国);
So, in summary , I'm generating metabolic materials as a counterpoise to Victorian technologies, and building architectures from a bottom-up approach. 总结一下。我正在研究的代谢材料 是作为一种对维多利亚时代技术不足的弥补 并在建筑学中采用自下而上的方法。
summary:adj.简易的;扼要的;n.概要,摘要,总结; architectures:n.建筑;架构(architecture的复数);
Secondly, these metabolic materials have some of the properties of living systems, which means they can perform in similar ways. 还有,这些代谢材料 有一些生命系统的特点, 这意味着它们能与和生命相似的方式工作。
perform:v.表演;执行;履行;演出;工作,运转(好/不好);
They can expect to have a lot of forms and functions within the practice of architecture. 随着建筑学的进步, 它们很有用武之地。
And finally , an observer in the future marveling at a beautiful structure in the environment, may find it almost impossible to tell whether this structure has been created by a natural process or an artificial one. 最后,如果一个未来的人 来看这些美丽的的建筑时 他可能分别不出 这些建筑 是大自然的杰作呢 还是人类的作品
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; observer:n.观察员;观察者;观察家;观测者; marveling:v.惊叹;感到惊奇;大为赞叹;(marvel的现在分词) artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的;
Thank you. 谢谢
(Applause) 掌声