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RabbiLordJonathanSacks_2017-_我们如何毫无恐惧的一起直面未来_
'"These are the times," 这些时刻,
said Thomas Paine, "that try men's souls." 托马斯·潘恩说, “考验着人们的灵魂。”
And they're trying ours now. 而现在,我们正被考验着。
This is a fateful moment in the history of the West. 这是西方历史中一个决定性的时刻。
fateful:adj.重大的;决定性的;宿命的;
We've seen divisive elections and divided societies. 我们见到了充满分歧的竞选结果, 见到了阶级极度分化的社会。
divisive:adj.分裂的;区分的;造成不和的;
We've seen a growth of extremism in politics and religion, all of it fueled by anxiety , uncertainty and fear, of a world that's changing almost faster than we can bear, and the sure knowledge that it's going to change faster still. 我们看到了在政治和宗教方面, 极端主义的增长。 所有的这些,都由焦虑, 不确定性和恐惧导致, 因为现在的世界正在快速改变, 快到我们难以承受, 而且改变的速度只会越来越快。
extremism:n.极端主义(尤指政治上的极右或极左);极端性;过激主义; politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数) anxiety:n.焦虑;渴望;挂念;令人焦虑的事; uncertainty:n.不确定,不可靠;
I have a friend in Washington. 我在华盛顿有个朋友。
I asked him, what was it like being in America during the recent presidential election? 我问他, 在最近这场总统选举进行时, 生活在美国是什么样的体验？
presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的;
He said to me, "Well, it was like the man sitting on the deck of the Titanic with a glass of whiskey in his hand and he's saying, 'I know I asked for ice -- 他告诉我:“唔, 这就好像在泰坦尼克号甲板上的 那个男人, 手中拿着一杯威士忌酒, 说着:*我知道我说过酒要加冰——
deck:n.甲板;舱面;层面;一副(为52张);v.装饰;打扮;布置;用力击倒; Titanic:adj.巨大的;强大的;极端重要的;四价钛的; whiskey:n.威士忌酒;adj.威士忌酒的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
but this is ridiculous .'" 但现在的情况太荒唐了。*”
ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
So is there something we can do, each of us, to be able to face the future without fear? 所以有没有什么我们每个人都 力所能及的事情, 来使得我们能够 毫无恐惧的直面未来呢？
I think there is. 我觉得有。
And one way into it is to see that perhaps the most simple way into a culture and into an age is to ask: What do people worship ? 一种方法是, 深入了解一种文化,一个时代 的最简单的方法 是询问:人们崇拜什么。
worship:n.崇拜;崇敬;爱慕;阁下;v.崇拜(上帝或神);做礼拜;热爱;崇拜;
People have worshipped so many different things -- the sun, the stars, the storm. 人们崇拜过许多不同的事物—— 太阳,星星,风暴。
worshipped:v.崇敬,崇拜(上帝或神);做礼拜;热爱;(worship的过去分词和过去式)
Some people worship many gods, some one, some none. 有些人崇拜许多神,有些人 信仰一个神,有些人是无神论者。
In the 19th and 20th centuries, people worshipped the nation, the Aryan race, the communist state. 在19到20世纪, 人们崇拜国家,崇拜雅利安人种, 崇拜共产主义。
Aryan:n.雅利安人;印欧语;adj.雅利安语系的;印欧语系的; communist:n.共产党员;共产主义者;adj.共产主义的;
What do we worship? 我们崇拜什么呢？
I think future anthropologists will take a look at the books we read on self-help , self-realization , self-esteem . 我认为,未来的人类学家 会研究我们阅读的书籍, 关于自我帮助,自我实现, 自尊心。
anthropologists:[人类]人类学家; take a look at:看一看;检查; self-help:n.自助;自救;自立;adj.自助的; self-realization:n.自我实现;自我完成; self-esteem:n.自尊;自负;自大;
They'll look at the way we talk about morality as being true to oneself, the way we talk about politics as a matter of individual rights, and they'll look at this wonderful new religious ritual we have created. 他们会看我们如何谈论道德—— 真实的直面自己; 看我们如何谈论政治—— 这关乎个人权益; 然后,他们会看向我们创造的这个 新的宗教仪式。
morality:n.道德;品行,美德; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; ritual:n.仪式;惯例;礼制;adj.仪式的;例行的;礼节性的;
You know the one? 你知道那是什么吗？
Called the " selfie ." 它的名字叫做“自拍”。
selfie:n.自拍照;
And I think they'll conclude that what we worship in our time is the self, the me, the I. 而我想他们会得出这样的结论: 在我们这个时代, 我们崇拜自我,崇拜自己,崇拜“我”。
conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定)
And this is great. 这很棒。
It's liberating . It's empowering . It's wonderful. 这让人感到自由,这赋予人力量, 这简直太棒了。
liberating:v.解放;使自由;使摆脱约束(或限制);(liberate的现在分词) empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词)
But don't forget that biologically , we're social animals. 但不要忘记,生理上来讲, 我们是群居动物。
biologically:adv.生物学上,生物学地;
We've spent most of our evolutionary history in small groups. 我们绝大部分的进化历史 都是在小群体中度过的。
evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的;
We need those face-to-face interactions where we learn the choreography of altruism and where we create those spiritual goods like friendship and trust and loyalty and love that redeem our solitude . 我们需要这些面对面的互动, 来学习如何无私奉献, 并且创造出诸如友情,信任, 忠诚和爱 这样的精神食粮, 以此救赎我们的孤独。
face-to-face:adj.面对面的;当面的;adv.面对面地; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数) choreography:n.编舞;舞蹈艺术;舞艺; altruism:n.利他;利他主义; spiritual:n.圣歌(尤指美国南部黑人的);adj.精神的,心灵的; loyalty:n.忠诚;忠心;忠实;忠于…感情; redeem:vt.赎回;挽回;兑换;履行;补偿;恢复; solitude:n.孤独;隐居;荒僻的地方;
When we have too much of the "I" and too little of the "we," 当我们太过注重“我”, 却没有多少“我们”,
we can find ourselves vulnerable , fearful and alone. 我们会发现, 我们自己变得十分脆弱, 恐惧,和孤独。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的; fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的;
It was no accident that Sherry Turkle of MIT called the book she wrote on the impact of social media "Alone Together." 麻省理工学院的雪莉·特克 将她所写的 关于社交媒体影响的书籍 命名为“在一起孤独”, 这绝非偶然。
Sherry:n.雪利酒(西班牙产的一种烈性白葡萄酒);葡萄酒; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
So I think the simplest way of safeguarding the future "you" 所以,我想,守护“你”未来的 最简单的方法是,
safeguarding:v.保护;保障;捍卫;(safeguard的现在分词)
is to strengthen the future "us" 从三个维度
in three dimensions : the us of relationship, the us of identity and the us of responsibility. 来加强“我们”的未来: 我们的关系, 我们的身份, 和我们的责任。
dimensions:n.规模,大小; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
So let me first take the us of relationship. 我先来讲讲我们的关系。
And here, forgive me if I get personal . 在这一部分,如果我开始 讲起自己的私事,请原谅。
forgive:v.原谅;免除(债务,义务等); personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词;
Once upon a time , a very long time ago, 曾几何时, 很久很久以前,
Once upon a time:从前(常用于故事的开头)
I was a 20-year-old undergraduate studying philosophy . 我是一个20岁的大学生, 学习哲学。
undergraduate:n.本科生; philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观;
I was into Nietzsche and Schopenhauer and Sartre and Camus. 我沉迷于 尼采,叔本华,萨特,加缪。
Nietzsche:n.尼采(德国哲学家);
I was full of ontological uncertainty and existential angst . 我充满了本体论的不确定性 和存在的焦虑。
ontological:adj.本体论的;存在论的; existential:adj.存在主义的;有关存在的;存在判断的; angst:n.焦虑;担心;
It was terrific . 这太了不起了。
terrific:adj.极好的;极其的,非常的;可怕的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
I was self-obsessed and thoroughly unpleasant to know, until one day I saw across the courtyard a girl who was everything that I wasn't. 我沉迷于自我, 而且感到非常不悦, 直到有一天我看见, 在庭院的那一端, 有一个女孩, 她的性格和我完全相反。
self-obsessed:adj.自我痴念的,自恋的; thoroughly:adv.彻底地,完全地; unpleasant:adj.令人不快的;不舒服的;不客气的 courtyard:n.院子;
She radiated sunshine . 她是个小太阳发着光。
radiated:adj.辐射的; v.辐射; sunshine:n.阳光;日光;欢乐;幸福
She emanated joy. 她散发着快乐。
emanated:vt.放射;
I found out her name was Elaine. 我发现她的名字叫伊莱恩。
We met. We talked. 我们见了面。我们聊天。
We married. 我们结婚了。
And 47 years, three children and eight grandchildren later, 而四十七年后, 三个子女和八个孙辈后,
I can safely say it was the best decision I ever took in my life, because it's the people not like us that make us grow. 我能够自信的说, 这是我做过的最正确的决定, 因为只有不像我们的人 才能让我们成长。
And that is why I think we have to do just that. 而这也是为什么我认为, 我们必须那么做。
The trouble with Google filters , 谷歌搜索过滤,
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; filters:n.过滤器; v.过滤; (filter的第三人称单数和复数)
Facebook friends and reading the news by narrowcasting rather than broadcasting means that we're surrounded almost entirely by people like us whose views, whose opinions, whose prejudices , even, are just like ours. Facebook朋友系统, 以及浏览小范围的新闻而不是广播 意味着,我们被 和我们相似的人完全包围着, 他们的视角,他们的观点, 甚至他们的偏见, 都和我们的一样。
narrowcasting:v."narrowcast"的现在分词; prejudices:成见;偏见;歧视(prejudice的复数);
And Cass Sunstein of Harvard has shown that if we surround ourselves with people with the same views as us, we get more extreme . 而哈佛大学的卡斯·苏斯特展示了 都是和我们持有一样观点的人, 我们会变得更极端。
Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; extreme:adj.极端的;极度的;偏激的;尽头的;n.极端;末端;最大程度;极端的事物;
I think we need to renew those face-to-face encounters with the people not like us. 我想,我们应该重新尝试 接触与自己不同的人。
renew:v.重新开始;中止后继续;重复强调;延长; encounters:v.遭遇(encounter的第三人称单数);邂逅;n.遭遇战(encounter的复数);相见;
I think we need to do that in order to realize that we can disagree strongly and yet still stay friends. 我们需要这样做,以此来 意识到,我们可以意见分歧, 但仍然能成为朋友。
It's in those face-to-face encounters that we discover that the people not like us are just people, like us. 在这些面对面的交流中, 我们能够发现, 不像我们的人, 像我们一样,是人。
And actually, every time we hold out the hand of friendship to somebody not like us, whose class or creed or color are different from ours, we heal one of the fractures of our wounded world. 而事实上,每一次 我们伸出手, 和一个不像自己的人建立友谊, 他们的颜色和我们完全不同, 我们治愈了 我们这个伤痕累累的世界上 的一个部件。
creed:n.信条,教义; heal:v.复原;治疗(病人);使又愉快起来;(使)结束 fractures:v.(使)断裂,折断,破裂;(使)分裂;(fracture的第三人称单数) wounded:adj.受伤的; n.伤员; v.使受伤; (wound的过去分词和过去式)
That is the us of relationship. 这就是关系中的我们。
Second is the us of identity. 第二件事是我们的身份。
Let me give you a thought experiment. 让我给你们一个思维实验。
Have you been to Washington? Have you seen the memorials ? 你去过华盛顿吗？ 你看见过纪念碑吗？
memorials:n.纪念碑(或像等);纪念品;(memorial的复数)
Absolutely fascinating . 绝对令人震撼。
Absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
There's the Lincoln Memorial: 有林肯纪念碑:
Gettysburg Address on one side, Second Inaugural on the other. 一边写着葛底斯堡演说, 另一边写着第二次就职演说。
Gettysburg:n.葛底斯堡(美国一城市名); Inaugural:adj.开始的;开幕的;就任的,就职的;n.就职演讲;开幕辞;
You go to the Jefferson Memorial, screeds of text. 你去到杰弗森纪念碑, 一段文字。
screeds:n.冗长的文章;[地质]砂浆层;
Martin Luther King Memorial, more than a dozen quotes from his speeches. 马丁路德金纪念碑, 十几条他的演讲中的选段。
quotes:n.引用,引号;报价(quote的复数);v.报价(quote的第三人称单数);引用;复述;
I didn't realize, in America you read memorials. 我并没有意识到,在美国, 你读纪念碑。
Now go to the equivalent in London in Parliament Square and you will see that the monument to David Lloyd George contains three words: 现在,到伦敦的国会广场, 你会看见,大卫·劳埃德·乔治的纪念碑, 写着三个单词:
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; Parliament:n.议会,国会; monument:n.丰碑;纪念碑(或馆、堂、像等);历史遗迹;有历史价值的建筑;
David Lloyd George. 大卫·劳埃德·乔治。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Nelson Mandela gets two. 尼尔森·曼德拉有两个单词。
Churchill gets just one: 丘吉尔只有一个:
Churchill:n.邱吉尔(英国政治家及作家);
Churchill. 丘吉尔。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Why the difference? I'll tell you why the difference. 为什么会有这种区别？ 我会告诉你为什么。
Because America was from the outset a nation of wave after wave of immigrants , so it had to create an identity which it did by telling a story which you learned at school, you read on memorials and you heard repeated in presidential inaugural addresses. 因为美国是一个移民构成的国家, 所以它需要创造一个身份, 而它通过讲故事来达到这一点, 你在学校学的,你在纪念碑上看到的, 以及你在总统演说中一直听到的。
outset:n.开始;开端; immigrants:n.移民(immigrant的复数);
Britain until recently wasn't a nation of immigrants, so it could take identity for granted . 英国,直到最近,并没有很多移民, 所以他理所当然的就有身份。
recently:adv.最近;新近; granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
The trouble is now that two things have happened which shouldn't have happened together. 问题是,现在, 两件不该一起发生的事同时发生了。
The first thing is in the West we've stopped telling this story of who we are and why, even in America. 第一件,在西方,我们不再讲 我们是谁的故事, 甚至在美国。
And at the same time , immigration is higher than it's ever been before. 同时,移民越来越多。 所以当你有很强的身份认识的时候,
at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; immigration:n.外来移民;移居;
So when you tell a story and your identity is strong, you can welcome the stranger, but when you stop telling the story, your identity gets weak and you feel threatened by the stranger. 你可以欢迎外来者, 但当你不再讲故事, 你的身份变弱了, 而你感到受到了威胁。 这很不好。
And that's bad.
I tell you, Jews have been scattered and dispersed and exiled for 2,000 years. 我告诉你,犹太人被流放, 散落到世界各地2000多年。
scattered:adj.零散的; v.撒; (scatter的过去分词和过去式) dispersed:adj.散布的;被分散的;被驱散的;v.分散;传播(disperse的过去分词); exiled:v.流放;放逐;(exile的过去分词和过去式)
We never lost our identity. 我们从来没有丧失自己的身份。
Why? Because at least once a year, on the festival of Passover , we told our story and we taught it to our children and we ate the unleavened bread of affliction and tasted the bitter herbs of slavery . 为什么？因为至少每年一次, 在Passover节, 我们讲我们的故事,将它传给我们的孩子。 我们吃折磨的面包, 吃苦的草药。
Passover:n.(圣经)逾越节;(圣经)逾越节祭神的羔羊; unleavened:adj.未发酵的;未受激发的; affliction:n.苦难;苦恼;折磨; bitter:adj.苦的; n.苦味; v.激烈地; v.使变苦; slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的;
So we never lost our identity. 所以我们从没有失去自己的身份。
I think collectively we've got to get back to telling our story, who we are, where we came from, what ideals by which we live. 我想, 我们需要讲过去的故事, 我们是谁,从哪里来, 相信什么理论。
collectively:adv.共同地,全体地;
And if that happens, we will become strong enough to welcome the stranger and say, "Come and share our lives, share our stories, share our aspirations and dreams." 如果这发生了, 我们会变得更强, 能够欢迎陌生人,说, “来,分享我们的生活,” “分享我们的故事,” “分享我们的志向和梦想。”
aspirations:n.愿望;
That is the us of identity. 这是我们的身份,
And finally , the us of responsibility. 最终,我们的责任。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Do you know something? 你知道吗？
My favorite phrase in all of politics, very American phrase, is: "We the people." 我在政治中最喜欢的一词, 很美国的词, 是 “ 我们人。”
Why "we the people?" 为什么？
Because it says that we all share collective responsibility for our collective future. 因为我们为了共同的未来 有着共同的责任。
And that's how things really are and should be. 这就是事情的真相,他们应有的样子。
Have you noticed how magical thinking has taken over our politics? 你有没有意识到,我们对政治家 寄予了很多幻想
So we say, all you've got to do is elect this strong leader and he or she will solve all our problems for us. 我们觉得我们所需要做的
Believe me, that is magical thinking. 相信我,那是幻想,我们也从而变得极端
And then we get the extremes :the far right, the far left, the extreme religious and the extreme anti-religious , the far right dreaming of a golden age that never was, 一会儿极右,一会儿极左, 极度宗教,极度反宗教。 极右梦想着从没有的金色年代,
extremes:n.极端不同的感情;极端;极度;极限;(extreme的复数) anti-religious:反宗教的; golden age:n.鼎盛时期;
the far left dreaming of a utopia that never will be and the religious and anti-religious equally convinced that all it takes is God or the absence of God to save us from ourselves. 极左梦想着不可能到来的乌托邦。 宗教极端相信, 而信教的和不信教的人都相信 神才能让我们得救。
utopia:n.乌托邦(理想中最美好的社会);理想国; convinced:adj.坚信; v.使确信; (convince的过去分词和过去式) absence:n.没有;缺乏;缺席;不注意;
That, too, is magical thinking, because the only people who will save us from ourselves is we the people, all of us together. 那也是神奇的思路。 因为,只有我们自己 才能拯救自己, 我们所有人一起。
And when we do that, and when we move from the politics of me to the politics of all of us together, we rediscover those beautiful, counterintuitive truths: that a nation is strong when it cares for the weak, that it becomes rich when it cares for the poor, it becomes invulnerable when it cares about the vulnerable. 当我们这样做的时候, 当我们从个人政治 转变成我们的政治, 我们重新发现了这些美丽的真相: 一个强大的国家 它会关心弱者 它在关心穷苦的时候才会富有。 当它关心弱势的时候,
rediscover:vt.重新发现;再发现; counterintuitive:adj.违反直觉的; invulnerable:adj.无懈可击的;不会受伤害的;
That is what makes great nations. 这才是成功的国家的秘诀。
(Applause) （掌声）
So here is my simple suggestion. 所以我有个简单的建议。
It might just change your life, and it might just help to begin to change the world. 它或许就能改变你的生活。 或许能改变这个世界。
Do a search and replace operation on the text of your mind, and wherever you encounter the word "self," 在你的脑海中, 搜索、替换, 而当你发现“我”一词的时候,
substitute the word "other." 把它换成“他人”。
substitute:v.取代;(以…)代替;n.代用品;代替物;代替者;替补(运动员);
So instead of self-help, other-help; instead of self-esteem, other-esteem. 所以把帮助自己变成帮助他人, 自我实现变为他人实现,
And if you do that, you will begin to feel the power of what for me is one of the most moving sentences in all of religious literature . 这样做,你就能 感到那个力量, 对我来说最感动的一句, 在宗教文献中。
literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作;
'"Though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, “尽管我走过死亡阴影的河谷,”
I will fear no evil , for you are with me." 我不会畏惧邪恶, 因为你在我身边。”
evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸;
We can face any future without fear so long as we know we will not face it alone. 我们能够不惧任何未来, 只要我们知道, 我们不会孤身一人。
so long as:adv.只要;
So for the sake of the future "you," 所以为了“你”的未来,
for the sake of:为了;为了…的利益;
together let us strengthen the future "us." 让我们一起 加强“我们”的未来。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）