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PrumsodunOk_2017U-_高棉古典舞蹈的魔法_
'"Robam kbach boran ," 「Robam kbach boran」,
boran:n.波仑牛;
or the art of Khmer classical dance, is more than 1,000 years old. 也就是高棉古典舞蹈艺术, 有超过一千年的历史。
classical:adj.古典的;经典的;传统的;第一流的;n.古典音乐;
It was developed as a prayer in movement for rain and fertility , and a prosperity that this meant for an agricultural society. 它被发展出来时,是种动态的祈祷, 祈求下雨及丰产, 以及农業社会的繁榮昌盛。
fertility:n.多产;肥沃;[农经]生产力;丰饶; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功; agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的;
Dancers who were both men and women were offered to temples where they served as living bridges between heaven and earth. 舞者,不论男女, 被献给神庙, 在神庙里,他们是天堂 与地狱之间的活桥樑。
Their dancing bodies carried the prayers of the people up to the gods, and the will of the deities was delivered back through them to the people and the land. 他们跳舞的身体 将人民的祈祷向上带给神, 而诸神的旨意会透过他们 被传回给人民以及大地。
deities:n.神明,神灵(deity的复数);
There are a lot of curves in Khmer dance. 在高棉舞蹈中有许多的曲线。
curves:n.曲线; v.(使)沿曲线运动; (curve的第三人称单数和复数)
Our backs are arched , our knees are bent, our toes are curled , our elbows are hyperflexed and our fingers are curved backwards. 我们的背是弧形的, 我们的膝盖是弯着的, 我们的脚趾是卷曲的, 我们的手肘是过度屈曲的, 我们的手指是向后弯曲的。
arched:adj.拱形的;有拱的;弓形结构的;v.成弓形弯曲;成弓形(arch的过去分词形式); toes:n.脚趾;足尖部;有…脚趾的;v.用脚尖走;(toe的第三人称单数和复数) curled:adj.卷曲的;鬈发的;v.[纸]卷曲;环绕(curl的过去分词); elbows:n.弯头; v.用肘推; (elbow的第三人称单数和复数) curved:adj.呈弯曲状的; v.(使)沿曲线运动;
All of these curves create a serpentine impression , and this is important because before the introduction of major religions, 所有这些曲线, 创造出一种蛇行的印象, 这点很重要,因为在 主要的宗教出现之前,
serpentine:adj.蜿蜒的; vt.使迂回曲折地行进; vi.像蛇般行进; n.[矿物]蛇纹石; impression:n.印象;影响;效果;感想;
Khmers, and people all over the world practiced animism . 高棉人以及世界其他地方的人 信奉的是兽性主义。
animism:n.泛灵论;万物有灵论;神力主宰论(认为有某种力量掌管宇宙);
Serpents were especially important in this belief system because in their fluid , curvilinear movement, they mimicked the flow of water. 在这个信仰系统中, 蛇是特别重要的, 因为牠们流畅、曲线式的移动, 模仿水的流动。
Serpents:n.巨蛇(serpent的复数); especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; fluid:adj.流动的;流畅的;不固定的;n.流体;液体; curvilinear:adj.曲线的;由曲线组成的(等于curvilineal); mimicked:v.模仿(活象);
So to invoke the serpent in your dancing body then was to conjure the image of rivers cutting across the earth: inspire the flow of life-giving waters. 所以,唤醒你舞动身躯里的蛇, 就是召唤出河流切过地球的景象: 鼓舞生命之流来供应水。
invoke:vt.调用;祈求;引起;恳求; conjure:v.变魔术;变戏法;使…变戏法般地出现(或消失); inspire:v.激发;鼓舞;启示;产生;使生灵感; life-giving:adj.提神的;给与生命的;
As you can see then, 如各位所见,
As you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的;
Khmer classical dance is a transformation of nature, of both the physical world around us and of our own internal universe. 高棉古典舞蹈是在转换大自然, 包括我们身边的实体世界, 以及我们自己内在的宇宙。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; internal:n.内脏;本质;adj.内部的;里面的;体内的;(机构)内部的;
We have four primary hand gestures that we use. 我们用的手势,主要有四种。
gestures:n.手势; v.做手势; (gesture的第三人称单数和复数)
Can we do them together? 我们能一起做吗？
Yeah? OK. 好吗？好。
This is a tree. 这是一棵树。
That tree will grow, and then it will have leaves. 这棵树会长大, 接着它会长出叶子。
After it has leaves, it'll have flowers, and after it has flowers, it'll have fruit. 在它长出叶子之后, 它会开花, 在它开花之后, 它会结果。
That fruit will drop and a new tree will grow. 果实会掉落, 然后会长出一棵新的树。
And in those four gestures is the cycle of life. 在这四个手势当中的, 就是生命的循环。
These four gestures are then used to create a whole entire language with which dancers express themselves. 这四个手势接着被用来 创造整个完整的语言, 让舞者能用这语言表达他们自己。
express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务;
So for example, 比如,
I can say, "I." 我可以说, 「我。」
'"I." 「我。」
In dance that would be ... 在舞蹈中就会是……
'"I." 「我。」
Or I can say ... 或是我可以说:
'"Hey you, come here, come here." 「嘿,你,过来这里,过来这里。」
In dance ... 在舞蹈中……
'"Come here," 「过来这里。」
or, "Go, go." 或:「走开,走开。」
(Laughter) （笑声）
'"Go." 「走开。」
And everything from ... 而一切,从……
love ... 爱……
to sadness, to -- 到悲伤, 到……
(Stomping) （重踩）
anger can be expressed through the dance as well. 愤怒, 都能透过舞蹈来表现。
expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式)
There's a certain magic in the way that things are filtered , transformed and put together to create limitless possibilities in art. 有一种魔法潜藏在各种事物 在艺术中创造出无限的可能性。
in the way:妨碍;挡道; filtered:v.过滤;(用程序)筛选;缓行;(filter的过去分词和过去式) transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) put together:..放在一起;组合;装配; limitless:adj.无限制的;无界限的;
The Khmer word for art, silapak, in fact, at its root, means "magic." 在高棉语中,艺术叫做「silapak」, 事实上,原始的意思就是「魔法」。
The artist -- the silapakar, or the silapakarani, then, is nothing short of a magician. 艺术家叫做「silapakar」, 或是「silapakarani」, 就是个魔法师。
I am very proud to say that I belong to a long line of magicians, from my teacher, Sophiline Cheam Shapiro, to her teachers who were stars in the royal palace, to the ancient dancers of Angkor and to the primal villagers from which the art form originally took life. 我能很骄傲地说, 我隶属于一个悠久的魔法师家族, 从我的老师,索佛琳希姆莎普罗, 到她那些在皇宫中担任 明星舞者的老师们, 再到吴哥窟的古老舞者, 再到原始村民, 赋予这个艺术形式生命的原始村民。
royal:adj.国王的;女王的;皇家的;n.王室成员; primal:adj.原始的; n.被压抑童年情绪的释放; vt.释放(被压抑的童年情绪); originally:adv.原来;起初;
That said, our cherished heritage was once almost completely destroyed. 但是, 我们珍惜的遗产 曾一度几乎全被摧毁。
cherished:adj.珍爱的;珍视的;珍视;珍爱;珍藏的; heritage:n.遗产;传统;继承物;继承权;
If you are wearing glasses, please stand up. 如果你戴眼镜, 请站起来。
If you speak more than one language, please stand up. 如果你会说超过一种语言, 请站起来。
If you have light skin, please stand up. 如果你的肤色白皙, 请站起来。
Your glasses meant that you could afford health care . 你的眼镜意味着 你负担得起健康照护。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起; health care:n.卫生保健;
That second or third language you spoke indicated your elite education. 会说第二或第三语言, 表示你受过菁英教育。
indicated:v.表明;显示;象征;暗示;示意;(indicate的过去分词和过去式) elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
Your light skin meant you didn't have to work beneath the sun. 白皙的肤色意味着 你无须在太阳底下工作。
beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
Under the Khmer Rouge , we would all be dead now, targeted because of our assumed privilege . 在红色高棉统治下, （注:柬埔寨共产党及其追随者） 在他们统治下,我们早就都没命了, 因为我们继承的特权而成为目标。
Rouge:n.胭脂; v.擦口红; adj.(罕)红的(只用于:R-Croix(英国)纹章局四属官之一; assumed:adj.假定的;假设的;v.假定;假设;认为;承担;(assume的过去分词和过去式) privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免;
You see, the Khmer Rouge looked to Cambodia , and they saw centuries of rigid inequality. 你们知道, 红色高棉看着柬埔寨时, 他们看到的是数世纪来 坚固不变的不平等。
Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲); rigid:adj.严格的;僵硬的,死板的;坚硬的;精确的;
The king and the few elites around him had all the pleasures and comforts of the world while the mass majority suffered from backbreaking labor and harsh poverty . 国王,以及他身边的几个菁英, 有世界上所有的乐趣与安逸, 而多数大众都在做非常辛劳的苦工, 饱受贫困之苦。
elites:n.精英(elite的复数); mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: backbreaking:adj.非常辛劳的;费力的; harsh:adj.严厉的;严酷的;刺耳的;粗糙的;刺目的; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
You don't need a history book to see that this is true. 你不需要看史书也知道这是真实的。
The Khmer word for "I," 高棉语中的「我（主词）」
for "me," 或「我（受词）」
is khnhom. 是「khnhom」。
This very same word can also mean "slave" 这个字的另一个意思就是「奴隶」,
and dancers were in fact known as knhom preah robam, or "slaves of the sacred dance." 而舞者其实被称为是 「knhom preah robam」, 意思是「神圣舞蹈的奴隶」。
preah:用法,发音,音标,搭配,同义词,反义词和例句等在线英语服务。;
The Khmer Rouge sought to end slavery in Cambodia, yet somehow they turned everyone into slaves to do it. 红色高棉寻求的是 终止柬埔寨的奴隶制度, 但不知怎么的,他们却 为此把每个人都变为了奴隶。
sought:v.seek(寻求、寻找)的过去式和过去分词形式; slavery:n.奴隶制;奴隶身份;蓄奴;adj.流口水的;被口水弄脏的; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地;
They became the oppression that they sought to end. 他们变成了他们想要终止的迫害。
oppression:n.压抑;镇压;压迫手段;沉闷;苦恼;
They evacuated the capital and forced people into labor camps. 他们撤空了首都, 强迫人民去劳改营。
evacuated:adj.疏散的:v.疏散,转移,撤离:(evacuate的过去式和过去分词形式):
They tore families apart and brainwashed children against their own parents. 他们拆散了家庭, 把孩童洗脑,让他们 对抗自己的父母。
brainwashed:v.给(某人)洗脑;强制说服;(brainwash的过去分词和过去式)
Everywhere, people were dying and being killed, losing their lives from disease , overwork , execution and starvation . 不论何处都有人死亡、被杀害, 他们丧命的原因包括疾病、 工作过度、 处决及饥饿。
disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病; overwork:vi.工作过度;vt.工作过度;n.过度工作;过度工作的; execution:n.执行,实行;完成;死刑; starvation:n.饿死;挨饿;绝食;
The result of this is that an entire third of Cambodia's population was lost in less than four years, and in that number were 90 percent of Khmer dance artists. 结果是不到四年, 其中包括了 90% 的 高棉舞蹈艺术家。
In other words, nine out of 10 visions for the tradition and future were lost. 换言之, 就这样失去了十分之九
visions:n.愿景; v.想像;
Thankfully , however, it was my teacher's teachers, 然而,谢天谢地, 我老师的老师们,
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地;
Chea Samy, Soth Sam On and Chheng Phon , who would lead the revival of the art form from the ashes of war and genocide : one student, one gesture, one dance at a time. 奇儿塞米、索斯沙姆昂、和臣朋, 她们领导着这个艺术形式, 从战争与大屠杀的灰烬中重生: 一次一名学生, 一次一个手势, 一次一支舞。
Phon:n.方(响度级的单位);pref.表示"声;音调"(=phono-); revival:n.复兴;复活;苏醒;恢复精神;再生效; genocide:n.种族灭绝;灭绝整个种族的大屠杀;
They wrote the love, magic, beauty, history and philosophy of our lineage into the bodies of the next generation. 他们将爱、 魔法、 美、 历史以及哲学的血统, 写入了下一代的身体中。
philosophy:n.哲学;哲理;人生观; lineage:n.血统;家系,[遗]世系;
Nearly 40 years later, 接近四十年后,
Khmer classical dance has been revived to new heights. 高棉古典舞蹈的重生达到了新高点。
revived:v.(使)苏醒,复活;重新使用;使重做;重新上演;(revive的过去分词和过去式)
Yet somehow it still exists in a vulnerable environment. 但它却仍然存在于 一个脆弱的环境中。
vulnerable:adj.易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的;
The disastrous effects of war still haunt Khmer people today. 战争的灾难性影响 至今仍缠着高棉人。
disastrous:adj.灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的; haunt:v.出没;作祟;n.栖息地;常去的地方;
It is written in our bodies, manifested in a genetic passage of PTSD and in families facing cyclical poverty and immense cultural rifts and language barriers . 它被铭刻在我们的身体中, 在创伤后压力症候群的基因传递中, 以及在面对循环式贫困、 巨大文化裂口、 及语言障碍的家庭中呈现出来。
manifested:adj.证明的;已显示的;显然的;v.显示;证明(manifest的过去分词); genetic:adj.基因的;遗传学的; PTSD:abbr.创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍(post-traumaticstressdisorder); cyclical:adj.周期的,循环的; immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; rifts:n.[木]裂缝;裂痕(rift的复数);v.[地质]断裂;分开(rift的第三人称单数); barriers:n.障碍;栅栏;篱笆墙(barrier的复数形式);
Yet beauty is a most resilient thing. 但「美」是最有恢复力的。
resilient:adj.弹回的,有弹力的;
Beauty has this ability to grow anywhere and everywhere at any time. 「美」有能力
Beauty is what connects people through time and place. 「美」穿过时间与空间 将人连结起来。
Beauty is a liberation from suffering. 「美」是苦难中的解放。
liberation:n.释放,解放;
As Khmer artists work to revive our culture and country, we find that there are many paths in which to move forward into the future. 当高棉艺术家努力复兴 我们的文化与国家时, 我们发现,有很多条路 可以向未来前进。
And in a tradition where we often don't know the dancer's names, who they were, what their lives were like, what they felt, let me propose that we move forward honestly and openly from "khnhom." 在传统中,我们通常 不知道舞者的名字, 他们是谁, 他们的人生是什么样子, 他们感觉到什么。 让我提议,我们从「khnhom」 开始诚实且开放地向前行。
propose:v.建议;提议;求婚;打算;
Khnhom not as in slave, but as in conscious service. 这里的 khnhom 不是指奴隶, 而是指有意识的服务。
conscious:adj.意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的;
Khnhom: "I," khnhom: 「我（主词）。」
'"me," 「我（受词）。」
'"flowering." 「开花。」
My name is Prumsodun Ok. 我的名字叫普朗苏东奥克。
I am Khmer, and I am American. 我是高棉人, 我是美国人。
I am the child of refugees , a creator, a healer , and a builder of bridges. 我是难民的孩子, 我是一名创作者、治疗者、 以及造桥者。
refugees:n.避难者;逃亡者;难民;(refugee的复数) healer:n.医治者(尤指用宗教迷信方式给人治病的人);治疗物;治病术士; builder:n.建筑者;建立者;
I am my teacher's first male student in a tradition understood by many as female , and I founded Cambodia's first gay dance company. 我是我老师的第一位男学生, 许多人认为这是个女性的传统, 而我成立了柬埔寨的 第一个同志舞团。
female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物;
I am the incarnation of the beauty, dreams and power of those who came before me. 我是前人的美丽、梦想、 及力量的化身。
incarnation:n.化身;道成肉身;典型;
The convergence of past, present and future, and of individual and collective . 我是过去、现在、及未来的交集, 我是个人,也是集体。
convergence:n.[数]收敛;会聚,集合; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
Let me then play that ancient and ageless role of the artist as messenger , by sharing the words of Chheng Phon "A garden with only one type of flower, or flowers of only one color, is no good." 让我扮演那古老且永恒的角色: 身为信差的艺术家, 让我来分享臣朋的话: 「如果花园中只有一种花, 或是只有一种颜色的花, 就不是好花园。」
ageless:adj.永恒的;不老的; messenger:n.报信者,送信者;先驱;
This is a reminder that our strength, growth, survival and very existence, lies in diversity . 这是在提醒我们,我们的力量、 成长、 生存、 以及特有的存在, 都在于多样性。
survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物; diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化:
It is, however, a message of courage as well. 然而,它也是个关于勇气的讯息。
For a flower does not ask for anyone's permission to bloom . 因为一朵花并不需要 任何人的允许才能绽放。
bloom:v.盛开;开花;繁殖;繁盛;n.水华;风华正茂;霜;青春;
It was born to offer itself to the world. 它生出来,就是要将 它自己献给世界的。
Fearless love is its nature. 它的天性就是无惧的爱。
Fearless:adj.无畏的;大胆的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）