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PhillipAtibaGoff_2019-_我们如何将种族主义变为可解问题——并改善警务工作_-
When people meet me for the first time on my job, they often feel inspired to share a revelation they've had about me, and it kind of goes something like this. 当人们第一次在我工作时见到我, 他们总是备受鼓舞地和我分享 对我的看法, 一般像是这样。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) revelation:n.披露; adj.暴露的;
'"Hey, I know why police chiefs like to share their deep, dark secrets with you. “嘿,我知道为什么警长 喜欢和你分享 他们内心深处的黑暗秘密。
Phil, with your PhD in psychology, and your shiny bald head, you're basically the Black Dr. Phil, right?" 菲尔, 以你的心理学博士学位, 和锃亮的光头, 你差不多就是黑人版的菲尔博士,对吧？” （注:美国心理治疗大师菲尔·麦格劳博士）
shiny:adj.闪亮的;光亮的;反光的;有光泽的; bald:adj.秃顶的;秃头的;无毛的; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
(Laughter) （笑声）
And for each and every person who's ever said that to me 对于每一个和我说过这些话的人,
I do want to say thank you because that was the first time I ever heard that joke. 我想和他们说一句谢谢,
(Laughter) 但对于其他人,当我告诉你们
But for everybody else, I really hope you'll believe me when I tell you no police chief likes talking to me because they think I'm a clinical psychologist . 但对于其他人,当我告诉你们 没有警长喜欢和我交谈, 我真的希望你们相信我, 因为他们认为 我是一名临床心理学家。
clinical:adj.临床的;诊所的; psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者;
And also I'm not. 但我不是。
I have no idea what your mother did to you, and I can't help. 我并不知道你母亲对你做了什么, 我也没法帮助你。
I have no idea:我没有头绪…;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Police chiefs like talking to me because I'm an expert on a problem that feels impossible for them to solve: racism in their profession . 警长喜欢与我交谈 因为我能解决他们无力解决的问题: 他们工作中的种族主义。
racism:n.种族主义,种族歧视;人种偏见; profession:n.行业,职业;业内人士;同行;
Now my expertise comes from being a scientist who studies how our minds learn to associate Blackness and crime and misperceive Black children as older than they actually are. 我的专业性来自于一个科学家身份: 研究我们的大脑 是如何将黑人与犯罪联系起来, 并误认为黑人孩子的年龄 比他们的实际年龄大。
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; associate:v.联合:联想:交往:adj.非正式的:副的:联合的:n.伙伴:同事: Blackness:n.黑色;阴险; misperceive:vt.误解;看错;
It also comes from studying actual police behavior, which is how I know that every year, about one in five adults in the United States has contact with law enforcement . 我的专业性也来自于 对警察行为的研究。 这也是我如何知道在每年, 每五个美国成年人中就有一个 与执法部门有联系。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系; enforcement:n.执行,实施;强制;
Out of those, about a million are targeted for police use of force. 在这些人中约有 100 万人 是警察动用武力的目标。
And if you're Black, you're two to four times more likely to be targeted for that force than if you're white. 如果你是黑人, 相比较于白人, 你被警察当作执法目标 但我的专业性也同时来自于 知道这些数字的感觉。
But it also comes from knowing what those statistics feel like. 但我的专业性也同时来自于 知道这些数字的感觉。
statistics:n.统计数字;统计资料;统计学;(statistic的复数)
I've experienced the fear of seeing an officer unclip their gun and the panic of realizing that someone might mistake my 13-year-old godson as old enough to be a threat. 我亲身经历过看着一个警官 解锁枪支的那种畏惧, 以及意识到某人可能会 把我 13 岁的教子 误认为是一个威胁的惊恐。
panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措; godson:n.教子;
So when a police chief, or a pastor , or an imam , or a mother -- when they call me after an officer shoots another unarmed Black child, 所以当一个警长, 或一个牧师、 一个清真寺领拜人, 或是一个母亲—— 在看到一个警官枪击 非武装黑人孩子后,打电话给我,
pastor:n.(尤指非英国国教的)牧师; imam:n.伊玛目;(伊斯兰的)阿訇; unarmed:adj.不带武器的;非武装的;不使用武器的;徒手的
I understand a bit of the pain in their voice. 我能够理解他们声音中的痛苦。
It's the pain of a heart breaking when it fails to solve a deadly problem. 这是当一个致命问题无法 被解决时,心碎的痛苦,
deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
Breaking from trying to do something that feels simultaneously necessary and impossible. 从尝试做些 感觉必要但又不可能 的事情中挣脱出来,
simultaneously:adv.同时地;
The way trying to fix racism usually feels. 就是解决种族主义问题时 的那种感觉。
Necessary and impossible. 必要的且不可能的。
So, police chiefs like talking to me because I'm an expert, but I doubt they'd be lining up to lie down on Dr. Phil's couch if I told them all their problems were hopeless. 所以警长喜欢和我说话, 因为我是一个专家, 但如果我和他们说 你们所有的未解问题都毫无希望, 我怀疑他们是否还会 排队来睡菲尔博士的沙发。
couch:n.睡椅,长沙发;床;卧榻;v.蹲伏,埋伏;躺着;
All of my research, and the decade of work I've done with my center -- the Center for Policing Equity -- actually leads me to a hopeful conclusion amidst all the heartbreak of race in America, which is this: trying to solve racism feels impossible 我的所有研究, 以及在我们中心十年来的工作—— 警务公正中心—— 让我在美国种族的心碎中找到了 一个充满希望的结论, 就是: 尝试解决种族主义感觉不可能,
Equity:n.公平,公正;衡平法;普通股;抵押资产的净值; conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论; amidst:prep.在…当中; heartbreak:n.心碎;伤心事;
because our definition of racism makes it impossible -- but it doesn't have to be that way. 是因为我们对种族主义的定义 让这件事变得不可能—— 但这并非只能以那种方法解决。
definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释;
So here's what I mean. 我的意思是,
The most common definition of racism is that racist behaviors are the product of contaminated hearts and minds. 对于种族主义最普遍的定义 是那些内心和头脑被玷污的人 所做出的种族歧视行为。
racist:n.种族主义者;种族主义的; contaminated:v.污染;玷污,毒害(人的思想或品德);(contaminate的过去分词和过去式)
When you listen to the way we talk about trying to cure racism, you'll hear it. 当你听到我们谈论 如何解决种族主义的方法时, 你会听到这些,
'"We need to stamp out hatred . “我们需要浇灭仇恨。
stamp out:扑灭;踩灭; hatred:n.仇恨;憎恨;厌恶;
We need to combat ignorance ," right? 我们需要对抗无知。”对吧？
combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; ignorance:n.无知,愚昧;不知,不懂;
It's hearts and minds. 这种想法已经根深蒂固。
Now the only problem with that definition is that it's completely wrong -- both scientifically and otherwise. 那个定义的唯一问题就是, 定义本身是完全错误的—— 不论从科学上,还是其他方面讲。
scientifically:adv.系统地;合乎科学地;学问上;
One of the foundational insights of social psychology is that attitudes are very weak predictors of behaviors, but more importantly than that, no Black community has ever taken to the streets to demand that white people would love us more. 一个社会心理学的基本观点是, 人们的态度是他们行为的 一个非常微弱的预测指标, 但更重要的是, 没有一个黑人社区曾走上街头 要求白人多爱我们一些。
foundational:adj.基础的;基本的; insights:n.洞察力;眼力;深刻见解(insight的复数); social psychology:n.社会心理学; attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数); predictors:[气象]预报器; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
Communities march to stop the killing, because racism is about behaviors, not feelings. 社区为阻止杀戮而游行, 因为种族主义关乎于行为, 而非感觉。
Communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
And even when civil rights leaders like King and Fannie Lou Hamer used the language of love, the racism they fought, that was segregation and brutality . 甚至当民权领袖们 例如马丁·路德·金和芬妮·露·哈默, 使用爱的语言, 他们为之而战的种族主义 依然是隔离和暴行。
civil rights:na.公民权; segregation:n.隔离,分离;种族隔离; brutality:n.无情;残忍;暴行(需用复数形式);
It's actions over feelings. 这是超越感受的行为。
And every one of those leaders would agree, if a definition of racism makes it harder to see the injuries racism causes, that's not just wrong. 而且每一个领袖都会同意, 如果种族主义的定义 使得因其思想下带来的伤害行为 更难以被看到, 这不仅只是错误的。
injuries:n.伤害,损伤;挫伤;(injury的复数)
A definition that cares about the intentions of abusers more than the harms to the abused -- that definition of racism is racist. 这个定义关注的是施虐者的意图, 而不是对受虐者的伤害—— 那个种族主义的定义本身 就是种族主义的。
intentions:n.目的,意向,意图;打算;(intention的复数) abusers:n.abuser的名词复数形式; abused:v.滥用(以致危害健康); (abuse的过去分词和过去式)
But when we change the definition of racism from attitudes to behaviors, we transform that problem from impossible to solvable . 但是,当我们将种族主义的定义 从态度改变为行为, 我们就把问题 从不可解转变为可解。
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; solvable:adj.可以解决的;可以解的;可溶的;
Because you can measure behaviors. 因为你可以测量行为,
And when you can measure a problem, you can tap into one of the only universal rules of organizational success. 当你可以丈量一个问题时, 你可以挖掘利用组织成功 的其中一条通用规则。
universal:adj.普遍的;全体的;全世界的;共同的; organizational:adj.组织的;编制的;
You've got a problem or a goal, you measure it, you hold yourself accountable to that metric . 你已有一个问题或目标,你测量它, 之后你对自己的指标负责。
accountable:adj.有责任的;有解释义务的;可解释的; metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的;
So if every other organization measures success this way, why can't we do that in policing? 倘若其他每个组织都 以这样的方法来衡量成功, 警务工作为何不可？
It turns out we actually already do. 事实证明我们已经开始这么做了。
Police departments already practice data-driven accountability , it's just for crime. 警局已经实行了 数据驱动的责任制, 这仅适用于犯罪。
data-driven:adj.依照数据处理的; accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性;
The vast majority of police departments across the United States use a system called CompStat. 美国大部分的警局 用的是一个叫 CompStat 的系统。
majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人:
It's a process that, when you use it right, it identifies crime data, it tracks it and identifies patterns, and then it allows departments to hold themselves accountable to public safety goals. 如果你正确使用这个流程, 它能识别犯罪数据, 追踪并识别犯罪模式, 之后它能让警局 为他们自己制定的公共安全目标负责。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; identifies:vt.[计]识别,认明;视为相同,鉴定;v.[计]识别,确定(identify的单三形式); tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数)
It usually works either by directing police attentions and police resources , or changing police behavior once they show up. 一旦情况出现,系统一般通过 引导警察关注点和资源, 或通过改变警察行为起作用。
attentions:n.注意;注意事项;兴趣;(attention的复数) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
So if I see a string of muggings in that neighborhood , 所以如果我在这个社区 看到一连串的拦路抢劫,
string:n.字符串; v.悬挂; adj.由弦乐器组成的; muggings:n.行凶抢劫;(美)哑剧;v.自背后袭击并抢劫;扮鬼脸(mug的ing形式); neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
I'm going to want to increase patrols in that neighborhood. 我将想要看到该社区 警察巡逻的加强。
patrols:n.巡逻队;v.[军]巡逻,巡查(patrol的三单形式);
If I see a spike in homicides , 如果我看到蓄意杀人案件激增,
spike:n.长钉,道钉;钉鞋;细高跟;vt.阻止;以大钉钉牢;用尖物刺穿; homicides:n.杀人;杀人犯;
I'm going to want to talk to the community to find out why and collaborate on changes on police behavior to tamp down the violence . 我想要通过跟社区居民交谈 来找出原因, 并协作改变警察行为以打击暴力。
collaborate:vi.合作;勾结,通敌; violence:n.暴力;侵犯;激烈;歪曲;
Now when you define racism in terms of measurable behaviors, you can do the same thing. 当你用可测量行为 定义种族主义, 你可以做同样的事情。
define:v.定义;使明确;规定; measurable:adj.可测量的;重要的;重大的;
You can create a CompStat for justice . 你可以为警务公正 搭建 CompStat。
justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
That's exactly what the Center for Policing Equity has been doing. 这正是我们警务公正中心 一直在做的事情。
So let me tell you how that works. 让我来说说它是如何运作的。
After a police department invites us in, we handle the legal stuff , we engage with the community, our next step is to analyze their data. 在一个警局邀请我们加入后, 我们处理法律事务, 我们参与社区, 我们的下一步是分析他们的数据。
police department:n.(美国城市中的)警察局; handle:n.[建]把手;柄;手感;口实;v.处理;操作;运用;买卖;触摸; legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本: engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; analyze:v.对…进行分析,分解(等于analyse);
The goal of these analyses is to determine how much do crime, poverty , neighborhood demographics predict, let's say, police use of force? 这些分析的目标是测定 犯罪、贫困和社区人口统计因子, 就说,预测警方动用武力的能力？
analyses:n.分析;解析;分解;梗概(analysis的复数形式); determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; demographics:n.人口统计资料;
Let's say that those factors predict police will use force on this many Black people. 我们假设那些因子预测 警方会对这么多黑人动用武装力量。
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商;
There? 我说清楚了吗？
So our next question is, how many Black people actually are targeted for police use of force? 那我们下一个问题是, 实际上有多少黑人 是警察动用武力的目标？
Let's say it's this many. 我们说有这么多。
So what's up with the gap ? 那这里的数差是怎么回事？
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开;
Well, a big portion of the gap is the difference between what's predicted by things police can't control and what's predicted by things police can control -- their policies and their behaviors. 大部分的差距是由于 警察控制范围外的因子预测 与警察控制范围内的因子预测差异—— 他们的政策和行为。
portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); predicted:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的过去分词和过去式) policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
And what we're looking for are the types of contact or the areas in the city where that gap is biggest, because then we can tell our partners, "Look here. Solve this problem first." 我们正在寻找一种接触模式, 或是数差最大的 城市地区, 因为这样我们就可以 告诉我们的合作伙伴, “看这,先解决这个问题。”
It's actually the kind of therapy police chiefs can get behind , because there is nothing so inspiring in the face of our history of racism as a solvable problem. 这实际上是一种 警长们能理解的方法, 因为面对我们的种族主义历史, 从来没有什么比这个可解决的问题 更鼓舞人心。
therapy:n.治疗,疗法; get behind:支持;落后;识破; inspiring:adj.鼓舞人心的;灌输的;v.鼓舞;激发;使感悟;(inspire的现在分词) in the face of:面对;
Look, if the community in Minneapolis asked their police department to remedy the moral failings of race in policing, 如果明尼阿波利斯的一个社区 要求他们的警局 改进警务工作中 关于种族的道德沦陷,
Minneapolis:n.明尼阿波里斯市(美国一座城市); remedy:vt.补救;治疗;纠正;n.补救;治疗;赔偿; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; failings:n.失败; prep.如果没有…; adj.失败的; v.失败;
I'm not sure they know how to do that. 我不确定他们知道怎么做。
But if instead the community says, "Hey, you're data say you're beating up a lot of homeless folks. 但相反,如果社区说, “嘿,你们的数据表明你 们正在毒打很多无家可归的人。
You want to knock that off?" 你们想要解决这个吗？”
That's something police can learn how to do. 那是警察可以学习如何做到的事。
And they did. 他们也做到了。
So in 2015, the Minneapolis PD let us know their community was concerned they were using force too often. 在 2015 年, 明尼阿波利斯警局告诉我们 他们的社区 担心他们过度使用武力。
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词)
So we showed them how to leverage their own data to identify situations where force could be avoided. 所以我们给他们展示 如何使用他们自己的数据 来识别哪些情况下 可以避免使用武力。
leverage:n.影响力;杠杆作用;杠杆效力;v.举债经营;借贷收购; identify:v.识别:鉴定:确认:发现:
And when you look at those data, you'll see that a disproportionate number of their use-of-force incidents, they involved somebody who's homeless, in mental distress , 当你看着那些数据, 你会看到不成比例的 使用武力事件数量, 其中包括流浪汉、 遭受精神困扰的人,
disproportionate:adj.不成比例的;不成比例地; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; distress:n.危难,不幸;贫困;悲痛;v.使悲痛;使贫困;
has a substance abuse issue or some combination of all three -- more than you expect based on those factors I was just telling you about. 以及有药物滥用问题的人, 或这三种的组合—— 基于我刚讲到的那些因子, 这个数量超出预期。
substance:n.物质;实质;主旨;物品; issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行; combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合;
So right there's the gap. 所以没错,这里有个差距。
Next question is why. 下一个问题是为什么。
Well, it turns out homeless folks often need services. 结果发现, 那些流浪汉经常需要社会服务。
And when those services are unavailable , when they can't get their meds , they lose their spot in the shelter, they're more likely to engage in behaviors that end up with folks calling the cops . 当他们获取不到服务, 当他们无法拿到他们的药时, 他们会失去在庇护所的位置, 他们就更有可能做出 让别人报警的行为。
unavailable:adj.难以获得的;不能利用的;不近便的; meds:n.药物: cops:n.警察;v.遭受;忍受;注意到;(cop的第三人称单数和复数)
And when the cops show up, they're more likely to resist intervention , oftentimes because they haven't actually done anything illegal , they're literally just living outside. 当警察出现, 他们更有可能反抗其介入, 很多时候因为 他们没有做任何非法的事情, 只是他们睡在大街上。
resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂; intervention:n.介入;调停;妨碍; oftentimes:adv.时常地; illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
The problem wasn't a need to train officers differently in Minneapolis. 明尼阿波利斯的问题 不是需要改变训练警察的方法,
The problem was the fact that folks were using the cops to " treat " substance abuse and homelessness in the first place . 问题是,人们一开始就利用警察 来“对待”那些 药物滥用和无家可归的人。
treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; homelessness:n.无家可归; in the first place:首先;起初;
So the city of Minneapolis found a way to deliver social services and city resources to the homeless community before anybody ever called the cops. 所以明尼阿波利斯找到了 一个为流浪社区 提供社会服务和城市资源的方法, 甚至在任何人报警之前。
social services:n.社会福利制度(由当地政府组织,向困难者提供帮助的制度);
(Applause) （掌声）
Now the problem isn't always homelessness, right? 问题不总是那些流浪汉,对吧？
Sometimes the problem is fear of immigration enforcement, like it was in Salt Lake City, or it is in Houston , where the chiefs had to come forward and say, "We're not going to deport you just for calling 911." 有时问题是对移民政策的恐惧, 比如盐湖城,或休斯顿。 那里的警长们需要站出来 并说:“我们不会因为你报警 而将你驱逐出境。”
immigration:n.外来移民;移居; Houston:n.休斯顿(美国得克萨斯州港市); deport:v.驱逐出境;举止;放逐;
Or the problem is foot pursuits , like it was in Las Vegas, where they had to train their officers to slow down and take a breath instead of allowing the adrenaline in that situation to escalate it. 或是徒步追击问题, 例如拉斯维加斯。 那里的警官需要 训练警官们慢下来,喘个气, 而不是任凭 肾上腺素在那个场景下飙升。
pursuits:n.追求;寻找;追捕;事业;爱好;(pursuit的复数) adrenaline:n.[生化]肾上腺素; escalate:vi.逐步增强;逐步升高;vt.使逐步上升;
It's searches in Oakland; it's pulling folks out of cars in San Jose; it's the way that they patrol the neighborhoods that make up Zone 3 in Pittsburgh and the Black neighborhoods closest to the waterfront in Baltimore . 在奥克兰有无数的搜查; 在圣荷西有把人拉出车辆的事情; 这是他们在匹兹堡 3 区 以及巴尔的摩 最靠近海滨区域 的黑人社区的巡逻方式。
Pittsburgh:n.匹兹堡(美国一座城市); waterfront:n.滩,海滨;水边;adj.滨水区的; Baltimore:n.巴尔的摩(美国一座港市);
But in each city, if we can give them a solvable problem, they get busy solving it. 但是每个城市, 如果我们可以给他们可解决的问题, 他们就会忙于解决它。
And together our partners have seen an average of 25 percent fewer arrests, fewer use-of-force incidents and 13 percent fewer officer-related injuries. 我们所有的合作伙伴已经见证, 平均逮捕率 下降了 25% , 武力使用事件更少, 警察相关伤害事件下降了 13%。
Essentially , by identifying the biggest gaps and directing police attentions to solving it, we can deliver a data-driven vaccine against racial disparities in policing. 通过识别那些最大的差距 并且转移警察注意力去解决它, 我们可以制作一剂数据驱动疫苗 对抗警务中的种族差异对待。
Essentially:adv.本质上;本来; identifying:n.识别,标识;标识关系;v.识别;(identify的现在分词) gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式); vaccine:n.疫苗;牛痘苗;adj.疫苗的;牛痘的; racial:adj.种族的;人种的; disparities:不一致(disparity的复数);
Right now, we have the capacity to partner with about 40 cities at a time. 现在,我们有能力 同时与约 40 个城市合作,
capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力;
That means if we want the United States to stop feeling exhausted from trying to solve an impossible problem, we're going to need a lot more infrastructure . 这意味着如果我们想要美国 我们将需要 更多的基础设施的投入。
exhausted:adj.筋疲力尽的; v.使筋疲力尽; (exhaust的过去分词和过去式) infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
Because our goal is to have our tools be able to scale the brilliance of dedicated organizers and reform-minded chiefs. 因为我们的目标是 让我们的工具能够无限放大 那些敬业的组织者和具有改革意识 的长官们的光辉才华。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; brilliance:n.光辉;才华;宏伟; dedicated:adj.献身的; v.把…奉献给; (dedicate的过去分词和过去式) organizers:n.主办单位,组织者(organizer的复数形式);
So to get there we're going to need the kind of collective will that desegregated schools and won the franchise for the sons and daughters of former slaves so that we can build a kind of health care system capable of delivering our vaccine across the country. 为了达成这个目的, 我们需要集体意志: 解除学校种族隔离, 并为奴隶的后代赢取特权, 这样我们就可以建立
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词; desegregated:vt.使…废止种族隔离;vi.废止种族隔离; franchise:n.特权;公民权;经销权;v.给…以特许(或特权);赋予公民权; health care:n.卫生保健; capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
Because our audacious idea is to deliver a CompStat for justice to departments serving 100 million people across the United States in the next five years. 因为我们大胆创新的想法 是在未来五年, 为美国上下服务 1 亿人民的部门 创造为公正而生的 CompStat。
audacious:adj.无畏的;鲁莽的;
(Applause and cheers) （掌声与喝彩）
Doing that would mean arming about a third of the United States with tools to reduce racial disparities in police stops, arrests and use of force, but also tools to reduce predatory cash bail and mass incarceration , family instability 做这事代表着 为1/3 的美国警察在 制止、逮捕和使用武力过程中 提供减少种族歧视的工具, 该工具也能减少掠夺性现金保释、 大规模监禁、 家庭不稳定、
predatory:adj.掠夺的,掠夺成性的;食肉的;捕食生物的; bail:n.保释金;保释;v.允许保释(某人);离开;与…搭讪; mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; incarceration:n.监禁;下狱;禁闭; instability:n.不稳定(性);基础薄弱;不安定;
and chronic mental health and substance abuse issues , and every other ill that our broken criminal-legal systems aggravate . 慢性精神健康和药物滥用问题, 以及所有其他加剧恶化 我们刑事法律制度的不合理现象。
chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) aggravate:vt.加重;使恶化;激怒;
Because every unnecessary arrest we can prevent saves a family from the terrifying journey through each one of those systems. 因为每一起我们能阻止的 非必要逮捕 都能挽救一个家庭, 免于被任一系统制度的摧残践踏。
terrifying:adj.令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的;v.使害怕,使恐怖;(terrify的现在分词) journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行;
Just like every gun we can leave holstered saves an entire community from a lifetime of grief . 就像每一次我们把枪留在枪套中, 都能避免整个社区的一生悲伤。
holstered:n.手枪皮套; grief:n.悲痛;忧伤;不幸;
Look, each and every one of us, we measure the things that matter to us. 我们每个人、每一次, 都会丈量我们在意的事情。
Businesses measure profit; good students keep track of their grades; families chart the growth of their children with pencil markings in doorframes . 生意人计算利润, 好学生持续追踪自己的成绩, 家人们在门框边用笔 记录他们孩子的成长。
keep track of:记录;与…保持联系; markings:n.标记;记分;成交价格记录(marking的复数); doorframes:n.门框;(doorframe的复数)
We all measure the things that matter most to us, which is why we feel the neglect when nobody's bothering to measure anything at all. 我们都在丈量自己最在意的事情, 这就是为什么 当没人愿意费力去测量的时候, 我们感到被忽视。
neglect:v.忽视;忽略;疏忽;疏于照顾;n.忽视;忽略;未被重视; bothering:v.使某人烦恼或担忧;打扰;(bother的现在分词)
For the past quarter millennium , we've defined the problems of race and policing in a way that's functionally impossible to measure. 在过去的 25 年间, 我们已经将 警务和种族的问题定义成 一个功能上不可测量的问题。
millennium:n.千年期,千禧年;一千年,千年纪念;太平盛世,黄金时代; defined:adj.有定义的,确定的; v.使明确; functionally:adv.功能地;函数地;职务上地;
But now the science says we can just change that definition. 但现在,科学表明 我们只需要改变那个定义。
And the folks at the Center for Policing Equity, 在警务公正中心的人们,
I actually think we may have measured more police behavior than any one in human history. 我实际上认为我们已测量的 警察行为可能是人类历史上最多的。
measured:adj.缓慢谨慎的; v.测量; (measure的过去分词和过去式)
And that means that once we have the will and the resources to do it, this could be the generation that stops feeling like racism is an unsolvable problem and instead sees that what's been necessary for far too long is possible. 这意味着一旦我们有了意志 以及资源去做这件事, 我们有机会成为第一代 不再认为种族主义 是一个不可解问题的人, 我们反而会看到 一件必要的,却已经等待了 太久的事情,成为了可能。
unsolvable:adj.不能解决的;不能溶解的;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause and cheers) （掌声与喝彩）