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PhilZimbardo_2009U-_健康的时间观念_
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| I want to share with you some ideas about the secret power of time, in a very short time . |
我想跟你们分享一些 对时间的神秘力量的看法 当然是在很短的时间内 |
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short time:adj.短暂的;快速的(shorttime的变形);
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| Video: All right, start the clock please. 30 seconds studio . |
视频:好的,开始计时。30秒倒计时 |
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studio:n.工作室;[广播][电视]演播室;画室;电影制片厂;
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| Keep it quiet please. Settle down. |
保持安静。 |
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Settle:v.定居;结算;停留;确定;n.高背长椅(老式木家具,有扶手,座下多带柜);
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| It's about time. End sequence . Take one. |
注意时间。结束倒计时。 |
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sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列;
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| 15 seconds studio. |
15秒倒计时 |
| 10, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two ... |
10,9,8,7 6,5,4,3,2...... |
| Philip Zimbardo: Let's tune into the conversation of the principles in Adam's temptation . |
Philip Zimbardo: 让我们来看看这段对话 是有关“亚当的诱惑” |
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tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) temptation:n.诱惑;引诱;煽诱人的事物;
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| Come on Adam, don't be so wishy-washy . Take a bite. I did. |
快,亚当,别磨磨唧唧的,就咬一口,我已咬过了 |
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wishy-washy:adj.空泛的;缺乏特点或决心的;淡而无味的;缺乏力量的;
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| One bite, Adam. Don't abandon Eve . |
就一口,亚当。不要放弃夏娃 |
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abandon:n.狂热;放任;v.遗弃;放弃; Eve:n.前夕;夜晚;
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| I don't know, guys. |
我不知道啊 |
| I don't want to get in trouble. |
我真的不想惹麻烦 |
| Okay. One bite. What the hell? |
好吧,就一口。能怎么样？ |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| Life is temptation. It's all about yielding , resisting , yes, no, now, later, impulsive , reflective , present focus and future focus. |
生活中充满了诱惑。而且到处都是:屈服或反抗 是、不是、现在、随后、冲动、沉稳 专注现在和展望未来 |
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yielding:adj.顺从的; v.屈服; (yield的现在分词) resisting:adj.稳定的;坚固的;v.抵抗;忍住(resist的现在分词); impulsive:adj.冲动的;受感情驱使的;任性的; reflective:adj.反射的;反映的;沉思的;
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| Promised virtues fall prey to the passions of the moment. |
激情时刻一旦到来,道德束缚将皆被打破 |
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virtues:n.优点,贞操;美德; prey:n.猎物;受害者;受骗者;v.折磨;掠夺;捕食(on,upon);损害(on,upon); passions:n.强烈情感;激情;盛怒;(passion的复数)
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| Of teenage girls who pledged sexual abstinence and virginity until marriage -- thank you George Bush -- the majority , 60 percent, yielded to sexual temptations within one year. |
那些承诺婚前无性行为的女孩 – 这里感谢下小布什总统 大多数,大概百分之六十的人在一年之内就违背了自己的承诺 |
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pledged:v.保证给予(或做);正式承诺;抵押(pledge的过去分词和过去式) sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的; abstinence:n.节制;节欲;戒酒;禁食; virginity:n.童贞;处女;纯洁; Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; majority:n.大部分:大多数:多数票:成年人: yielded:v.出产(作物);提供;屈服;让步;放弃;(yield的过去分词和过去式) temptations:n.诱惑物;引诱物(temptation复数);
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| And most of them did so without using birth control . |
而这些人几乎没采取任何“安全措施” |
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birth control:adj.节育的;避孕的;
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| So much for promises. |
多么多的承诺啊 |
| Now lets tempt four-year-olds, giving them a treat . |
现在我们来试试引诱4岁的孩子,拿他们来做个试验 |
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treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣;
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| They can have one marshmallow now. But if they wait until the experimenter comes back, they can have two. |
他们现在有一个棉花糖,如果他们能够 等到实验员回来再吃的话,就可以得到2个棉花糖 |
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marshmallow:n.棉花糖;蜀葵糖剂;药蜀葵;
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| Of course it pays, if you like marshmallows , to wait. |
这当然是需要付出的,如果你真喜欢吃棉花糖的话,那就等着 |
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marshmallows:n.棉花糖(marshmallow的复数);药属葵蜜饯;
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| What happens is 2/3rds of the kids give in to temptation. |
但结果是3分之2的孩子屈服于诱惑 |
| They cannot wait. The others, of course, wait. |
他们等不了。当然,其它的孩子都得到了第二个棉花糖 |
| They resist the temptation. They delay the now for later. |
因为他们抵抗了诱惑。他们甘于先苦后甜。 |
| Walter Mischel, my colleague at Stanford, went back 14 years later, to try to discover what was different about those kids. |
沃特米塞奇,是我在斯坦福大学的同事 他在14年后 重新找到这些孩子并去勘察他们现时的情况 |
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colleague:n.同事,同僚;
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| There were enormous differences between kids who resisted and kids who yielded, in many ways. |
结果发现这两组孩子在各个方面 都有着巨大的差异 |
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enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的; resisted:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;(resist的过去分词和过去式)
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| The kids who resisted scored 250 points higher on the SAT. |
那些等到了第二个棉花糖的孩子在SAT中比另一组得分平均高250分 |
| That's enormous. That's like a whole set of different IQ points. |
这是多么大的差异啊！这根本就是两组智商水平不同的孩子啊 |
| They didn't get in as much trouble. They were better students. |
他们都没有任何问题,都是好学生 |
| They were self-confident and determined . And the key for me today, the key for you, is they were future-focused instead of present-focused. |
他们自信而且果断。那么今天我所要说的关键是 同样也是你们的关键点 就是由“面向现在”转变为“展望未来” |
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self-confident:adj.自信的; determined:adj.决定了的:v.决定;(determine的过去分词和过去式)
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| So what is time perspective ? That's what I'm going to talk about today. |
那什么是时间洞察力呢？这将是我下面要讲的 |
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perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
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| Time perspective is the study of how individuals , all of us, divide the flow of your human experience into time zones or time categories . |
时间洞察力是研究个人 包括我们在内,如何以时间区域或时间类别为单位 划分自身的经历体验。 |
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individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数); categories:n.(人或事物的)类别,种类(category的复数)
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| And you do it automatically and non-consciously. |
其实我们一直都在自然而然地做着 |
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automatically:adv.自动地;机械地;无意识地;adj.不经思索的;
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| They vary between cultures, between nations, between individuals, between social classes, between education levels. |
而影响我们划分方式的因素有很多,包括不同的文化背景、国家 个人、社会阶层 以及不同的教育背景 |
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vary:vi.变化;变异;违反;vt.改变;使多样化;变奏;
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| And the problem is that they can become biased . |
问题是由于这些因素的存在,最终导致时间洞察力都具是片面的 |
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biased:adj.有偏见的;结果偏倚的,有偏的;
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| Because you learn to over use some of them and under-use the others. |
因为你学会经常使用其中的一些,而其他的则被很少使用 |
| What determines any decision you make? |
是什么促使你做出那些选择？ |
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determines:v.查明;测定;准确算出;决定;裁决;安排;(determine的第三人称单数)
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| You make a decision, on which you're going to base an action. |
你所做的决定是基于你怎么采取行动的 |
| For some people it's only about what is in the immediate situation, what other people are doing and what you're feeling. |
对一些人来说,这个决定只是基于现状 另一些人是基于他们的直觉。 |
| And those people, when they make their decisions in that format -- we're going to call them "present oriented ." |
对于那些基于现状而做决定的人 我们称呼他们为:“面向现在” |
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oriented:adj.导向的; v.调整;
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| Because their focus is what is now. |
因为他们专注于现正发生的事情 |
| For others, the present is irrelevant . |
对于另一些人来说,现正发生什么并不重要 |
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irrelevant:adj.不相干的;不切题的;
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| It's always about "What is this situation like that I've experienced in the past?" |
就好像是说:“我以前好像经历过类似的事情”一样 |
| So that their decisions are based on past memories. |
所以,他们基于过去的经验来做决定 |
| And we're going to call those people "past oriented." Because they focus on what was. |
我们称呼这些人为:“观望过去”,因为他们专注于过去 |
| For others it's not the past, it's not the present, it's only about the future. |
还有一部分人,他们的考虑不是基于现在,也不是过去 而是未来 |
| Their focus is always about anticipated consequences . |
他们专注于预期的结果 |
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anticipated:adj.预期的; v.预期; (anticipate的过去式和过去分词) consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
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| Cost-benefit analysis . |
就像成本效益分析一样 |
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Cost-benefit:adj.成本效益的; analysis:n.分析;分解;验定;
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| We're going to call them "future oriented." Their focus is on what will be. |
我们称呼这些人为:展望未来。因为他们专注于将来会是怎么样的 |
| So, time paradox , I want to argue, the paradox of time perspective, is something that influences every decision you make, you're totally unaware of. |
那么,时间悖论,这里我要讨论的是: 时间洞察力的悖论 会不会有某个因素影响你做出的每一个决定 而你又完全不知？ |
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paradox:n.悖论,反论;似非而是的论点;自相矛盾的人或事; influences:n.影响; v.影响;
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| Namely , the extent to which you have one of these biased time perspectives . |
那你就具有某种程度上的 片面的时间洞察力 |
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Namely:adv.也就是;即是;换句话说; extent:n.程度;范围;长度; perspectives:n.[数]透视,远景,看法;构面;观点展示(perspective的复数形式);
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| Well there is actually six of them. There are two ways to be present oriented. |
实际上是有六种时间洞察力,其中两个属于“面向现在” |
| There is two ways to be past oriented, two ways to be future. |
两个属于“观望过去”,还有两个属于“展望未来” |
| You can focus on past-positive, or past-negative. |
你可以专注于“积极经历”或“消极经历” |
| You can be present-hedonistic, namely you focus on the joys of life, or present-fatalist. |
也可以专注于“享受现在” 指的是你专注于生活中的快乐,或者自身宿命 |
| It doesn't matter. Your life is controlled. |
这些都无所谓,因为你的生活尽在掌握 |
| You can be future oriented, setting goals. |
当然,你也可以“展望未来”,设定一个目标 |
| Or you can be transcendental future: namely, life begins after death. |
或者超越未来 指的是:生命在死后重新开始 |
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transcendental:adj.先验的;卓越的,[数]超越的;超自然的;
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| Developing the mental flexibility to shift time perspectives fluidly depending on the demands of the situation, that's what you've got to learn to do. |
通过增强精神灵活性来顺利地提升时间洞察力 这有赖于环境的需求 这就是你要学着去做的 |
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mental:adj.精神的;脑力的;疯的;n.精神病患者; flexibility:n.灵活性;弹性;适应性; shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; fluidly:流动地;不定地;液体地;流畅地;
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| So, very quickly, what is the optimal time profile ? |
那么,什么是最佳的时间洞察力呢？ |
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optimal:adj.最佳的;最理想的; profile:n.轮廓;简介;形象;外形;v.扼要介绍;概述;写简介;
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| High on past-positive. Moderately high on future. |
高度依赖于“积极经历”,适度依赖于未来 |
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Moderately:adv.适度地;中庸地;有节制地;
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| And moderate on present-hedonism. |
适度依赖于”享受现在“ |
| And always low on past-negative and present-fatalism. |
永远不考虑“消极经历” 和“宿命论” |
| So the optimal temporal mix is what you get from the past -- past-positive give you roots. You connect your family, identity and your self. |
其实,最佳的时间洞察力是由你过去的经历 “积极经历”奠定了基础,你和你的家庭,独立自主 |
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temporal:adj.暂时的;当时的;现世的;n.世间万物;暂存的事物; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
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| What you get from the future is wings to soar to new destinations, new challenges. |
从未来得到是 值得奋斗的目标,新的挑战 |
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soar:v.翱翔;高飞;猛增;高耸;n.翱翔;上升高度;高飞范围;
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| What you get from the present hedonism is the energy, the energy to explore yourself, places, people, sensuality . |
从“享受现在”中得到的是动力 去探索自身 世界、他人以及原始需求 |
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hedonism:n.快乐主义;快乐论; explore:v.探索:探测:探险: sensuality:n.好色;淫荡;喜爱感官享受;
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| Any time perspective in excess has more negatives than positives . |
任何时间洞察力中总是负性多于正性的 |
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excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的; negatives:n.[摄]底片; v.否定; positives:n.实在的事物;阳极板(positive的复数);
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| What do futures sacrifice for success? |
举个例子:为了将来的成功我们需要牺牲些什么呢？ |
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sacrifice:n.牺牲;舍弃;祭献;祭祀;祭品;v.牺牲;献出;作祭献
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| They sacrifice family time. They sacrifice friend time. |
我们需要牺牲和家庭在一起的时光,需要牺牲和朋友在一起的时光 |
| They sacrifice fun time. They sacrifice personal indulgence . |
需要牺牲那些快乐的时光,需要牺牲个人嗜好 |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; indulgence:n.嗜好;放纵;纵容;沉溺;
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| They sacrifice hobbies. And they sacrifice sleep. So it affects their health. |
需要牺牲业余爱好,需要牺牲睡眠时间。因此会影响身体健康 |
| And they live for work, achievement and control. |
他们的生活中只有工作、成就和控制欲 |
| I'm sure that resonates with some of the TEDsters. |
我保证你们在座的一些人会对此引起共鸣 |
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resonates:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| And it resonated for me. I grew up as a poor kid in the South Bronx ghetto , of Sicilian family. Everyone lived in the past and present. |
这些与我引起了共鸣,我出生于南布朗克斯贫民窟中的一个贫困的 西西里岛人的家庭中。每个人都是在沉湎过去和活在当下 |
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resonated:vt.共鸣;共振;vi.共鸣;共振; Bronx:n.布朗克斯(纽约市最北端的一区);布朗克斯鸡尾酒; ghetto:n.犹太人区;贫民区;vt.使集中居住;
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| I'm here as a future-oriented person who went over the top , who did all these sacrifices because teachers intervened , and made me future oriented. |
在这里,我,作为一位“展望未来”的人 拜我的老师所赐,我做出了以上所有的牺牲 并将我改变成为一位“展望未来”的人。 |
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went over the top:采取最后手段; sacrifices:n.牺牲,损失; v.牺牲,损失(sacrifice的单三形式); intervened:干涉;介入(intervene的过去式和过去分词);
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| Told me don't eat that marshmallow, because if you wait you're going to get two of them, until I learned to balance out. |
告诉我不要那个棉花糖 因为如果你等待的话,就能吃到2个 直到我学会了如何平衡舍与得的关系。 |
| I've added present-hedonism. I've added a focus on the past-positive. |
现在我学会了“享受现在”,同时也学会了观望“积极经历” |
| So at 76 years old, I am more energetic than ever, more productive , and I'm happier than I have ever been. |
因此,在我76岁的时候,我感觉到从没有过的精力、动力 现在的我比以前任何时候都要快乐！ |
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energetic:adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的;需要能量的;积极的; productive:adj.能生产的;生产的,生产性的;多产的;富有成效的;
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| I just want to say that we are applying this to many world problems, changing the drop-out rates of school kids, combating addictions , enhancing teen health, |
这里,我只是想说:要应用这个原理去解决世界上的很多问题 改变学校的退学率 打击毒品,增强青少年健康 |
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applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词) drop-out:n.逃避现实社会的人;中途退学的人;[计]漏失; combating:战斗;与…斗争;反对(combat的现在分词); addictions:成瘾; enhancing:n.优化,增强;暖色加重效果;v.增强(enhance的现在分词);
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| curing vets' PTSD with time metaphors -- getting miracle cures -- promoting sustainability and conservation , reducing physical rehabilitation where there is a 50-percent drop out rate, altering appeals to suicidal terrorists, and modifying family conflicts as time-zone clashes . |
用时间隐喻法治疗那些患有创伤后应激障碍的老兵 — 创造医学奇迹 促进可持续发展和保护 在具有50%退出率的医院内减缓身体康复 改变那些呼吁自杀的恐怖分子 将家庭矛盾转化为时间区域的冲突 |
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PTSD:abbr.创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍(post-traumaticstressdisorder); metaphors:n.隐喻(metaphor的复数形式); miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例; promoting:v.促进;推动;促销;提升;晋升;(promote的现在分词) sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性; conservation:n.保存,保持;保护; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; rehabilitation:n.康复;恢复;善后;平反;复权; altering:n.变更;v.变更(alter的现在分词); appeals:n.[法]上诉; v.有吸引力(appeal的单三形式); suicidal:adj.自杀的,自杀性的;自我毁灭的;自取灭亡的; modifying:修饰; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触; time-zone:n.时区; clashes:n.打架,冲突; v.打斗;
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| So I want to end by saying, many of life's puzzles can be solved by understanding your time perspective and that of others. |
最后我想说的是 如果真正理解自身的以及其他人的时间观点的话 生活中的许多困惑都会被解开 |
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puzzles:智力游戏;谜题(puzzle的第三人称单数和复数)
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| And the idea is so simple, so obvious , but I think the consequences are really profound . |
道理是简单且显而易见的 但结论是深奥的 |
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obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的;
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| Thank you so much. |
谢谢！ |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |