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PeterSaul_2011X-_让我们来谈谈死亡_
Look, I had second thoughts , really, about whether I could talk about this to such a vital and alive audience as you guys. 说实话,我犹豫过 到底应不应该 对你们一群如此有活力的观众讲这个题目。
had second thoughts:曾经设法; vital:adj.至关重要的;生死攸关的;有活力的;
Then I remembered the quote from Gloria Steinem, which goes, "The truth will set you free, but first it will piss you off." (Laughter) 但我又想起了Gloria Steinem的一句话 她是这样说的 “真相会给你自由, 但它会先令你难受”
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; piss:int.(美俚)呸;n.撒尿;v.撒尿;
So -- (Laughter) 所以呢……(笑声)
So with that in mind, I'm going to set about trying to do those things here, and talk about dying in the 21st century. 所以谨记着这一点,我要开始 试图来谈谈这些事 聊一聊21世纪的死亡。
Now the first thing that will piss you off, undoubtedly , is that all of us are, in fact, going to die in the 21st century. 首先,第一件会令你们十分不爽的,毫无疑问的, 就是我们所有人,事实上,都将在 21世纪死去。
undoubtedly:adv.确实地,毋庸置疑的;
There will be no exceptions to that. 这不会有例外吧！
There are, apparently , about one in eight of you who think you're immortal , on surveys , but -- 可是根据调查,我们当中每8个人就会有1个 觉得自己可以长生不老,但是……
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; immortal:adj.不朽的;神仙的;长生的;n.神仙;不朽人物; surveys:n.调查(survey的复数);
(Laughter) （笑声）
Unfortunately , that isn't going to happen. 不幸的是,长生不老是不可能的。
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
While I give this talk, in the next 10 minutes, a hundred million of my cells will die, and over the course of today, 2,000 of my brain cells will die and never come back, so you could argue that the dying process starts pretty early in the piece. 在接下来的这10分钟内,就在我做这个演讲的同时, 我身体里的一亿个细胞将死去, 今天,我的2000个脑细胞会死去 而且永远不会回来。 所以可以说,死亡的过程 其实在这类的日常小事中就开始了。
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Anyway, the second thing I want to say about dying in the 21st century, apart from it's going to happen to everybody, is it's shaping up to be a bit of a train wreck for most of us, 无论如何,我想说的关于死在21世纪的第二件事是, 除了这件事会发生在每个人的身上以外, 它对大部分人来说,就是一列好好的火车 最终是怎么走向撞车和成为一个残骸的过程。
wreck:n.严重损毁人或物;沉船;v.破坏;损坏;毁掉;使遇难;
unless we do something to try and reclaim this process from the rather inexorable trajectory that it's currently on. 除非我们做点什么,把这列火车 从它现在正向着的死亡方面前进的轨道上拉回来。
reclaim:v.开拓;回收再利用;改造某人,使某人悔改;n.改造,感化;再生胶; inexorable:adj.无情的;不屈不挠的;不可阻挡的;无法改变的; trajectory:n.[物]轨道,轨线;[航][军]弹道; currently:adv.当前;一般地;
So there you go. That's the truth. 这就是我要告诉你的真相。
No doubt that will piss you off, and now let's see whether we can set you free. I don't promise anything. 毫无疑问,这会让你非常不爽,但现在我们来看看 可不可以让你获得自由并重生。但我不能向你保证什么。
Now, as you heard in the intro , I work in intensive care , and I think I've kind of lived through the heyday of intensive care. It's been a ride, man. 正如你们在介绍中听到的一样,我在ICU （重症监护治疗病房）工作, 而且我想我经历过ICU的黄金时期。 那就像坐过山车一样,
intro:n.介绍;简介; intensive care:n.(医院里的)特别护理病房;重症监护; heyday:n.全盛期;int.嘿！(表喜悦或惊奇等);
This has been fantastic . 那真的一直都很棒。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的
We have machines that go ping . 我们有很先进的设备。
ping:发出撞击声
There's many of them up there. 这照片上就有很多啊。
And we have some wizard technology which I think has worked really well, and over the course of the time 我们有一些魔术般的技术, 我觉得一直以来都很好用。
wizard:n.男巫;术士;奇才;adj.男巫的;巫术的; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
I've worked in intensive care, the death rate for males in Australia has halved , and intensive care has had something to do with that. 在我在ICU工作的时间里, 澳大利亚的男性死亡率减少了一半, 这跟ICU特护是有关系的。
death rate:n.死亡率; halved:v.对半分开;均分;把…减半(halve的过去式和过去分词);
Certainly, a lot of the technologies that we use have got something to do with that. 当然,这跟我们采用的许多技术 也有很大的关系。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
So we have had tremendous success, and we kind of got caught up in our own success quite a bit, and we started using expressions like " lifesaving ." 所以我们取得过巨大的成功, 而我们有点被自己的成功冲昏了头脑, 所以,我们开始用一些像是“挽救生命”之类的词形容自己
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的; expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数) lifesaving:adj.救命的;救生用的;n.救生;
I really apologize to everybody for doing that, because obviously, we don't. 为此我真的要对所有人表示歉意, 因为,很明显,我们并不能救命。
What we do is prolong people's lives, and delay death, and redirect death, but we can't, strictly speaking, save lives on any sort of permanent basis. 我们能做的是延长人们的生命, 让死亡迟一点到来, 让死亡的过程改变一点点,但是严格来说, 从任何永久性的角度看,我们并不能拯救病人的生命。
prolong:v.延长;拖延; redirect:vt.使改方向;重新寄送;adj.再直接的;n.再直接询问; permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发;
And what's really happened over the period of time that I've been working in intensive care is that the people whose lives we started saving back in the '70s, 而从我在ICU这些年的工作经验来看, 事实的真相是, 我们在70年代,80年代,
'80s, and '90s, are now coming to die in the 21st century of diseases that we no longer have the answers to in quite the way we did then. 90年代所救过来的人,现在慢慢开始在21世纪逝去 ——死于我们当时没法治愈 现在也一样没法的治愈的疾病。
diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
So what's happening now is there's been a big shift in the way that people die, and most of what they're dying of now isn't as amenable to what we can do as what it used to be like when I was doing this in the '80s and '90s. 而最大的不同点是, 人们死亡的方式发生了巨大的转变。 而大部分让人们致死的疾病 已经和我们当年 在80年代、90年代处理的方法有了很大的不同了。
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; in the way:妨碍;挡道; amenable:adj.有责任的,应服从的;有义务的;经得起检验的;
So we kind of got a bit caught up with this, and we haven't really squared with you guys about what's really happening now, and it's about time we did. 所以我们也有点困惑 而我们也没有机会和大家分享一下 如今ICU里都在发生什么。现在就让我们来看一下。
I kind of woke up to this bit in the late '90s when I met this guy. 我是在90年代后期才思考这个问题的, 当时我遇到了这个人。
This guy is called Jim, Jim Smith, and he looked like this. 他叫做Jim Smith,他当时的样子是这样的。
I was called down to the ward to see him. 我被叫到病房去看他。
His is the little hand. 他的小手可以说是骨瘦如柴。
I was called down to the ward to see him by a respiratory physician . 一名呼吸内科医生 将我叫到他的诊室。
respiratory:adj.呼吸的; physician:n.[医]医师;内科医师;
He said, "Look, there's a guy down here. 他对我说:“那有个病人”
He's got pneumonia , and he looks like he needs intensive care. 他得的是肺炎, 看样子他需要入你们的ICU病房。
pneumonia:n.肺炎;
His daughter's here and she wants everything possible to be done." 他的女儿在这, 她希望你们能尽一切办法……
Which is a familiar phrase to us. 这是我们常听到的一句话。
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友;
So I go down to the ward and see Jim, and his skin his translucent like this. 所以,我去病房去看Jim Smith. 他的皮肤半透明成了这个样子。
translucent:adj.透明的;半透明的;
You can see his bones through the skin. 透过他的皮肤,你们以看到他的骨头。
He's very, very thin, and he is, indeed, very sick with pneumonia, and he's too sick to talk to me, so I talk to his daughter Kathleen, and I say to her, "Did you and Jim ever talk about what you would want done if he ended up in this kind of situation?" 他可是说是瘦骨嶙峋。 他的肺炎已是相当严重了 病得连和我们讲话的力气都没有了 所以,我问他的女儿Kathleen: 你有没有和他谈过 你会怎么处理这个事, 如果他到了这种地步？
And she looked at me and said, "No, of course not!" 她看了看我,然后说:”没有,当然没有“
I thought, "Okay. Take this steady ." 好吧,我当时想,慢慢做她的工作吧。
steady:adj.稳定的; v.使稳定; v.稳定地; n.关系固定的情侣;
And I got talking to her, and after a while, she said to me, "You know, we always thought there'd be time." 我和她谈了很久,然后,她对我说: 你知道的,我们也知道,迟早会有那一天的。
Jim was 94. (Laughter) Jim 当时已经94岁了。（笑声）
And I realized that something wasn't happening here. 这件事让我觉得,我们可以为这类病人做些事。
There wasn't this dialogue going on that I imagined was happening. 要不是有这件事 我也想象不到我们会不会去做这件事。
So a group of us started doing survey work, and we looked at four and a half thousand nursing home residents in Newcastle , in the Newcastle area, and discovered that only one in a hundred of them had a plan about what to do when their hearts stopped beating. 所以,我们有一个小组开始做一些调查工作, 我们走访了 Newcastle地区的4500个在养老院生活的老人, 我们发现,他们当中只有1%的人 对他们生理死亡后的事有计划。
nursing home:养老院; residents:n.居民;住院医生;房客;(resident的复数) Newcastle:n.纽卡斯尔(英国港市);
One in a hundred. 仅仅1%。
And only one in 500 of them had plan about what to do if they became seriously ill. 只有500分之1的老人 会对他们病重时有应对计划。
And I realized, of course, this dialogue is definitely not occurring in the public at large. 这个对话使我意识到, 我们生活中的很多人肯定也会对我们的身后事没有计划的。
definitely:adv.清楚地,当然;明确地,肯定地; occurring:n.事件;事故;事变;
Now, I work in acute care. 现在,我在ICU里工作。
acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的;
This is John Hunter Hospital. 我的医院叫“John Hunter”医院。
And I thought, surely, we do better than that. 而过去我一直认为,我们做得比较好。
So a colleague of mine from nursing called Lisa Shaw and I went through hundreds and hundreds of sets of notes in the medical records department looking at whether there was any sign at all that anybody had had any conversation about 所以,我和我的同事Lisa Shaw,她来自养老院, 我们一起在医疗档案室 翻看了成千上万本病历, 我们想确认是否有 任何人曾经
colleague:n.同事,同僚; Shaw:n.林薮;杂木林;
what might happen to them if the treatment they were receiving was unsuccessful to the point that they would die. 就如果他们的治疗失败 而导致他们死亡而作出任何安排的谈话。
treatment:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论; unsuccessful:adj.不成功的;失败的;
And we didn't find a single record of any preference about goals, treatments or outcomes from any of the sets of notes initiated by a doctor or by a patient . 可是,我们找不到关于他们的自我选择, 目标、治疗或者最终结果这方面的东西 医生记录或病人自己写的都没有。
preference:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物; treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数) outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) initiated:v.开始;发起;创始;使了解;传授;吸收;(initiate的过去式和过去分词) patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者;
So we started to realize that we had a problem, and the problem is more serious because of this. 我这才意识到 我们出了问题, 而正因为这一点,这个问题变得更严重。
What we know is that obviously we are all going to die, but how we die is actually really important, obviously not just to us, but also to how that features in the lives of all the people who live on afterwards. 我们大家都知道的是很明显,我们都会死去, 但我们以何种方式死去更重要, 很明显,这不仅对我们重要, 这对那些活着的人也很重要。
How we die lives on in the minds of everybody who survives us, and the stress created in families by dying is enormous , and in fact you get seven times as much stress by dying 其实我们会怎样死去, 这在抢救我们的人的心中是心里有数的, 而死亡给一个家庭带来的压力是巨大的, 事实上,死在ICU所带来的压力
enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
in intensive care as by dying just about anywhere else, so dying in intensive care is not your top option if you've got a choice. 是死在其它地方所带来的压力的7倍, 所以,选择在ICU结束自己的生活并不是一个明智的决定 ——如果你有得选择的话。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
And, if that wasn't bad enough, of course, all of this is rapidly progressing towards the fact that many of you, in fact, about one in 10 of you at this point, will die in intensive care. 如果这还不算太糟糕的话,当然 我们很快可以看到另一个数据 很多人,事实上,大约10个人当中就有1个 会死在ICU中。
In the U.S., it's one in five. 而在美国,这个数字是每5个人当中有1个。
In Miami, it's three out of five people die in intensive care. 在迈阿密,这个数字是每5个人当中有3个。
So this is the sort of momentum that we've got at the moment. 这就是我们目前所看到的 发展势头。
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力;
The reason why this is all happening is due to this, and I do have to take you through what this is about. 事情会变成这个样子主要是因为这个。 而我要带领大家去一起探讨一下其原因。
These are the four ways to go. 21世纪主要有四种死亡形式。
So one of these will happen to all of us. 我们所有人都会以其中的一种形式死去。
The ones you may know most about are the ones that are becoming increasingly of historical interest: sudden death . 人们最熟知的死亡方式 也是越来越引起我们关注的一种死亡方式 ——猝死。
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; sudden death:n.突然死亡法(比赛出现平局时在加时赛中先得分者即为胜方);
It's quite likely in an audience this size this won't happen to anybody here. 在我们这样的观众群中, 可能不会有这种死亡。
Sudden death has become very rare. 猝死现在已经很少见了。
The death of Little Nell and Cordelia and all that sort of stuff just doesn't happen anymore. 像 Little Nell 或 Condelia 那样猝死的案例 现在已经很少了。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
The dying process of those with terminal illness that we've just seen occurs to younger people. 现在因为患绝症而死亡的病人 正如我们刚才看到的一样, 在年轻人中的发病率越来越高了。
terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的; occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数);
By the time you've reached 80, this is unlikely to happen to you. 到你80岁,这也不可能发生在你身上。
unlikely:adj.不大可能发生的;非心目中的;非想象的;难以相信的;
Only one in 10 people who are over 80 will die of cancer . 现在80岁年龄层中只有10%的人死于癌症。
cancer:n.癌症;恶性肿瘤;
The big growth industry are these. 而造成死亡最多的因素主要在以下几个方面。
What you die of is increasing organ failure, with your respiratory, cardiac , renal , whatever organs packing up. Each of these would be an admission to an acute care hospital, 越来越多的人死于器官功能衰竭 如呼吸和心、肾功能衰竭等等。 不管以上那个器官出了问题 病人都要紧急送院治疗,
cardiac:n.强心剂;强胃剂;adj.心脏的;心脏病的;贲门的; renal:adj.[解剖]肾脏的,[解剖]肾的; organs:n.[生物]器官;机构;风琴(organ的复数); admission:n.入场费;进入权;招供;门票费;
at the end of which, or at some point during which, somebody says, enough is enough , and we stop. 到最后,或者在治疗过程中的某一时间上 直到有人对我们说不用治了,我们才放弃。
enough is enough:够了;适可而止;
And this one's the biggest growth industry of all, and at least six out of 10 of the people in this room will die in this form, which is the dwindling of capacity with increasing frailty , and frailty's an inevitable part of aging, and increasing frailty is in fact the main thing that people die of now, 这是我们见得最多的案例, 每10个在这里听演讲的人中就会有6个 将会以这种方式结束我们的一生, 这是因为功能的缺失 造成的生命的脆弱, 而脆弱是老龄化不可避免的进程, 而脆弱事实上就是 现代人死亡的主要原因,
dwindling:减少;变小;退化;使减少(dwindle的现在分词); capacity:n.能力;容量;资格,地位;生产力; frailty:n.虚弱;弱点;意志薄弱; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的;
and the last few years, or the last year of your life is spent with a great deal of disability , unfortunately. 你生命的最后一年或几年时间 你都会在能力缺失中度过,这太不幸了。
a great deal of:大量; disability:n.残疾;无能;无资格;不利条件;
Enjoying it so far? (Laughs) 你们还承受得住么？（笑声）
(Laughter) (笑声)
Sorry, I just feel such a, I feel such a Cassandra here. 对不起,我怎么成了一个卡珊德拉式的预言家了呢。
Cassandra:n.卡珊德拉(希腊神话人物);凶事预言家;不为人所信的预言家;
(Laughter) (笑声)
What can I say that's positive ? What's positive is that this is happening at very great age, now. 但积极的一面是 这只发生在老年人当中。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
We are all, most of us, living to reach this point. 我们大家也都会经历这一时期的。
You know, historically , we didn't do that. 要知道,以住要活到这么长的人不多的。
historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说;
This is what happens to you when you live to be a great age, and unfortunately, increasing longevity does mean more old age, not more youth. 这种死亡方式 只会发生在那些高龄人身上, 不幸的是,寿命的延长 延长的不是青春,而是老年的时光。
longevity:n.长寿,长命;寿命;
I'm sorry to say that. (Laughter) 很遗憾这样说。（笑声）
What we did, anyway, look, what we did, we didn't just take this lying down at John Hunter Hospital and elsewhere . 不管怎么说,我们所做的 我们并不仅仅指那些 在John Hunter 医院逝去的人或在其它地方死去的人。
elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
We've started a whole series of projects to try and look about whether we could, in fact, involve people much more in the way that things happen to them. 我们已经开始一系列的项目 尝试去了解我们能否让更多的人 参与到那些可能发生到他们身上去的事。
series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加;
But we realized, of course, that we are dealing with cultural issues , and this is, I love this Klimt painting, because the more you look at it, the more you kind of get the whole issue that's going on here, 然而,我们当然意识到 我们要应对一些文化层面的问题, 我喜欢这张克里姆特的画, 这是因为,你越看它, 你越能了解发生在这里的一切,
cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
which is clearly the separation of death from the living, and the fear ?? Like, if you actually look, there's one woman there who has her eyes open. 而这明显是一种死与生, 和恐惧的分隔。比如说,如果你仔细看的话, 你会发现有个女人 她的眼睛是睁着的。
separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离;
She's the one he's looking at, and [she's] the one he's coming for. Can you see that? 他在看着她, 他就是冲着她来的。你们看到了吗？
She looks terrified. 她看起来很惊恐。
It's an amazing picture. 这是一幅很不错的画。
Anyway, we had a major cultural issue. 另外,我们还有一个主要的文化层面的问题。
Clearly, people didn't want us to talk about death, or, we thought that. 显而易见,人们并不希望我们和他们谈论死亡, 或者,我们自己如此认为。
So with loads of funding from the Federal Government and the local Health Service , we introduced a thing at John Hunter called Respecting Patient Choices. 所以,在联邦政府和地方卫生部门资金的支持下 我们在John Hunter医院引入了 一个名为“尊重病人的选择”的项目
funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) Federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地; Health Service:n.公共医疗保健服务;
We trained hundreds of people to go to the wards and talk to people about the fact that they would die, and what would they prefer under those circumstances . 我们培训了成百上千的工作人员, 派他到病房去告诉别人他们大限将至 然后问他们有什么打算。
wards:n.[医]病房(ward的复数); v.守卫; circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
They loved it. The families and the patients , they loved it. 此举受到病人和家属的欢迎。
patients:n.接受治疗者,病人;(patient的复数)
Ninety-eight percent of people really thought this just should have been normal practice, and that this is how things should work. 98%的人真的认为 这应该成为一种常态化的做法, 同时,这也是顺应自然的做法。
And when they expressed wishes, all of those wishes came true, as it were . 而当这些病人表达他们的意愿的时候, 所有这些意愿都可以实现。
expressed:v.表示;表达;显而易见;不言自明;(express的过去分词和过去式) as it were:可以说是,似乎就是;好像;
We were able to make that happen for them. 我们可以帮他们实行他们的意愿。
But then, when the funding ran out, we went back to look six months later, and everybody had stopped again, and nobody was having these conversations anymore. 然而,当这笔资金用完之后中, 六个月后我们再来评估这一项目, 这一做法又被停止了。 也没有人去进行这方面的谈话了。
So that was really kind of heartbreaking for us, because we thought this was going to really take off. 这是一种很令我们心酸的结局, 因为我们一直以为,这会成为一种常态化的东西。
heartbreaking:adj.令人心碎的;使人悲痛的;
The cultural issue had reasserted itself. 文化问题又一次得到了体现。
reasserted:vt.重复主张;再断言;
So here's the pitch : 这就是问题所在。
pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
I think it's important that we don't just get on this freeway to ICU without thinking hard about whether or not that's where we all want to end up, particularly as we become older and increasingly frail and ICU has less and less and less to offer us. 我认为,在我们决定走上去ICU这条路时, 我们真的要想 我们是否真的想死在ICU里, 这点在我们老态龙钟和变得脆弱不堪时尤其重要, 这时,ICU能为我们做的事情是少之又少的。
freeway:n.高速公路; whether or not:是否…; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
There has to be a little side road off there for people who don't want to go on that track . 如果不去ICU,肯定还有其它的选择的 前提是——你不想死在ICU里。
side road:n.支线;叉道;旁路; track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
And I have one small idea, and one big idea about what could happen. 而对于可能发生的事,我有一个“小”主意 我一个“大”主意
And this is the small idea. 我的小主意是:
The small idea is, let's all of us engage more with this in the way that Jason has illustrated . 让我们所有人 更多地象Jason所描述的那样。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; illustrated:v.加插图于;给(书等)做图表;说明,解释;(illustrate的过去分词和过去式)
Why can't we have these kinds of conversations with our own elders and people who might be approaching this? 我们为什么就不能和Jason一样 和我们的长辈 或者那些正在慢慢变老的人和Jason一样谈一下这个问题呢？
approaching:v.靠近,接近;接洽;建议;要求;(approach的现在分词)
There are a couple of things you can do. 你可以为此做一些事情。
One of them is, you can, just ask this simple question. This question never fails. 其中一个是, 你只需问一个简单的问题。这是一个很有用的问题。
'"In the event that you became too sick to speak for yourself, who would you like to speak for you?" “万一你病得不能讲话了, 你想让谁代你表达你的心声呢？”
speak for:要求得到;代表…讲话;
That's a really important question to ask people, because giving people the control over who that is produces an amazing outcome. 这真是一个非常重要的问题, 这是因为,给予谁这个权利 会给你带来不同的结局。
The second thing you can say is, "Have you spoken to that person about the things that are important to you so that we've got a better idea of what it is we can do?" 你可以说的第二个事情是, “你和哪个人谈过了 你认为对你来说是很重要的事吗 那样我们就比较清楚我们能为你做些什么。
So that's the little idea. 这就是我的“小”主意。
The big idea, I think, is more political. 我的大主意,我认为更实用。
I think we have to get onto this. 我认为,我们必须做好一件事。
I suggested we should have Occupy Death. 我建议搞一个“占领死亡”运动（Occupy Death）
Occupy:v.占据,占领;居住;使忙碌;
(Laughter) （笑声）
My wife said, "Yeah, right, sit-ins in the mortuary . 我妻子对我说,“对,对,到太平间去静坐”
sit-ins:n.静坐抗议;静坐罢工; mortuary:n.太平间;停尸间;adj.死的;悲哀的;
Yeah, yeah. Sure." (Laughter) 对,应该的。 (笑声)
So that one didn't really run, but I was very struck by this. 所以,这个行不通, 但我还是受到一些打击的。
Now, I'm an aging hippie . 现在,我是一个老嬉皮士。
hippie:n.嬉皮士;嬉皮模样的年青人;adj.嬉皮的;
I don't know, I don't think I look like that anymore, but 我不知道,我并不认为我还象一个嬉皮士,但是
I had, two of my kids were born at home in the '80s when home birth was a big thing, and we baby boomers are used to taking charge of the situation, so if you just replace all these words of birth, 在90年代,我的两个小孩都是在家里生产的 那时,在家生小孩是件大事,而我们这帮婴儿潮年代出生的人 已经习惯了处理这些事, 所以,如果你要替换掉这些关于生产的字,
baby boomers:婴儿潮出生的一代人(babyboomer的名词复数);
I like "Peace, Love, Natural Death" as an option. 我会选择“和平、爱和自然死亡”
I do think we have to get political and start to reclaim this process from the medicalized model in which it's going. 我真的认为,我们必须得面对现实 并且重申这一进程 从我们现行的医疗化模型中解放出来
medicalized:vt.用医学方法处理;
Now, listen, that sounds like a pitch for euthanasia . 听走来,好像我又在鼓吹安乐死。
euthanasia:n.安乐死;安乐死术;
I want to make it absolutely crystal clear to you all, 我想向各位澄清一下
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; crystal clear:adj.透明如水晶的;易懂的;非常清楚的;
I hate euthanasia. I think it's a sideshow . 我讨厌安乐死。我认为那是一个次要的问题。
sideshow:n.穿插表演;串演的节;小事件;
I don't think euthanasia matters. 我不认为安乐死会有什么好处
I actually think that, in places like Oregon , where you can have physician-assisted suicide , you take a poisonous dose of stuff, only half a percent of people ever do that. 事实上, 我认为, 在象Oregon这类地方, 你可以寻求到一些在医生的辅助下的自杀方式, 你可以吃点毒药之类的东西, 可只有0.5%的人做过这样的蠢事。
Oregon:n.俄勒冈州(美国州名); suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀; poisonous:adj.有毒的;恶毒的;讨厌的; dose:n.剂量;一剂,一服;v.服药;给药;给…服药;
I'm more interested in what happens to the 99.5 percent of people who don't want to do that. 其实,我对其它的99.5%的 不想通过服毒而死去的人感兴趣。
I think most people don't want to be dead, but I do think most people want to have some control over how their dying process proceeds . 我想,大多数人都不想死, 但我认为,大多数人都想能够控制 自己死亡的过程。
proceeds:v.继续做;行进;前往;(proceed的第三人称单数)
So I'm an opponent of euthanasia, but I do think we have to give people back some control. 所以,我反对安乐死, 但我又认为,我们应该给病重的人一些自己控制权。
opponent:n.对手;竞争者;反对者;阻止者;adj.反对的;
It deprives euthanasia of its oxygen supply. 这能够让安乐死失去理由。
deprives:vt.使丧失,剥夺;
I think we should be looking at stopping the want for euthanasia, not for making it illegal or legal or worrying about it at all. 我认为,我们应该去尝试了解病人 想要安乐死背后的原因, 而不只是让它合法代或非法,或者毫不关心。
illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
This is a quote from Dame Cicely Saunders , whom I met when I was a medical student. 这是Dame Cicely Saunders的一句话, 我还是一个医学院学生的时候遇过她
Dame:n.夫人;年长妇女; Cicely:n.欧洲没药;没药科植物;芹科的类似野胡萝匐的物; Saunders:n.磨沙机;
She founded the hospice movement. 她创立了护理所运动。
hospice:n.收容所;旅客招待所;救济院;
And she said, "You matter because you are, and you matter to the last moment of your life." 她说,“你就是你,你是重要的, 直到你生命的最后一刻。“
And I firmly believe that that's the message that we have to carry forward . 我坚定地相信 这是我们应该继续前行的旨意
carry forward:发扬;推进;
Thank you. (Applause) 谢谢（掌声）