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PeterHaas_2010G-_海地的工程灾难_
I learned about the Haiti earthquake by Skype . 我是从Skype上知道海地地震的。
Haiti:n.海地; Skype:n.网络电话(一个网络语音沟通工具);
My wife sent me a message, "Whoa, earthquake," 我妻子给我发了个消息, “哇,地震了,”
and then disappeared for 25 minutes. 然后就消失了25分钟。
disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词)
It was 25 minutes of absolute terror that thousands of people across the U.S. felt. 这是绝对恐怖的25分钟 数以千计的美国人都感觉到了。
I was afraid of a tsunami . 我曾担心是海啸。
tsunami:n.海啸;
What I didn't realize was there was a greater terror in Haiti, and that was building collapse . 我没意识到的是, 更可怕的事在海地发生了, 那就是建筑坍塌。
collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭;
We've all seen the photos of the collapsed buildings in Haiti. 我们都看到过 海地建筑坍塌的照片。
collapsed:v.倒塌,坍塌;倒下,昏倒;坐下;(collapse的过去分词和过去式)
These are shots my wife took a couple days after the quake , while I was making my way through D.R. into the country. 这些是我妻子 在地震后几天拍摄的, 当时我正从D.R.赶往海地。
quake:vi.震动;颤抖;n.地震;颤抖;
This is the national palace, the equivalent of the White House . 这是国家宫殿, 相当于白宫。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; White House:n.白宫(美国总统官邸,位于首都华盛顿);
This is the largest supermarket in the Caribbean at peak shopping time. 这是加勒比最大的超市 购物高峰时的场面。
Caribbean:adj.加勒比海的;加勒比人的;加勒比语的;n.加勒比海; peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
This is a nurses' college. 这是一所护士学校
There are 300 nurses studying. 有三百名护士在此学习。
The general hospital right next door emerged largely unscathed . 学校旁边的综合医院 基本安然无恙。
emerged:v.(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现;暴露;露出真相;显现;(emerge的过去分词和过去式) largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; unscathed:adj.毫发无损的;未受伤害;未受伤
This is the Ministry of Economics and Finance . 这是经济与金融部。
Ministry:n.(政府的)部门; Finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费;
We have all heard about the tremendous human loss in the earthquake in Haiti, but we haven't heard enough about why all those lives were lost. 我们都听说了 海地地震所造成的 巨大的人员伤亡, 但我们并不十分了解 造成所有这些生命逝去的原因。
tremendous:adj.极大的,巨大的;惊人的;极好的;
We haven't heard about why the buildings failed. 我们不了解 为什么这些建筑会坍塌。
After all, it was the buildings, not the earthquake, that killed 220,000 people, that injured 330,000, that displaced 1.3 million people, that cut off food and water and supplies for an entire nation. 毕竟,是这些建筑, 而不是地震, 导致220,000人死亡、 330,000人受伤、 130万人无家可归、 整个国家 都缺乏食物、水 和补给品。
injured:adj.受伤的:委屈的: v.伤害,使受伤: n.伤员; displaced:v.取代;替代;置换;迫使(某人)离开家园;转移;(displace的过去式和过去分词)
This is the largest metropolitan-area disaster in decades. 这是几十年来大城市地区 最大的灾难。
disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸;
And it was not a natural disaster. 但它不是自然灾难。
It was a disaster of engineering . 它是场工程灾难。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词)
AIDG has worked in Haiti since 2007, providing engineering and business support to small businesses. AIDG从2007年起开始在 海地工作, 为小型企业提供 工程和商业支持。
And after the quake, we started bringing in earthquake engineers to figure out why the buildings collapsed, to examine what was safe and what wasn't. 在地震后,我们带领地震工程师进入震区, 以弄清楚什么导致了建筑坍塌, 并检查那些没有坍塌的建筑是否安全。
Working with MINUSTAH, which is the U.N. mission in Haiti, with the Ministry of Public Works , with different NGOs, we inspected over 1,500 buildings. 我们与MINUSTAH（联合国驻海地稳定特派团）一起工作, 他们是联合国驻海地机构, 与公共工程部一起工作, 还有其他的一些NGO组织, 我们检查了超过1500栋建筑。
mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教; Public Works:n.公共工程(或建设); inspected:v.检查;查看;审视;视察;(inspect的过去式和过去分词)
We inspected schools and private residencies . 我们检查过的有学校 和私人住所。
residencies:n.住处;住院医生实习期;
We inspected medical centers and food warehouses . 我们还坚持了医疗中心 和食品仓库。
warehouses:n.仓库,货栈;货仓;(warehouse的名词复数)
We inspected government buildings. 我也检查了政府的建筑。
This is the Ministry of Justice . 这是司法部。
Justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判;
Behind that door is the National Judicial Archives . 那扇门后 是国家司法档案馆。
Judicial:adj.公正的,明断的;法庭的;审判上的; Archives:n.档案;档案馆;v.把…存档;(archive的第三人称单数和复数)
The fellow in the door, Andre Filitrault, who's the director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Earthquake Engineering Research at the University of Buffalo , was examining it to see if it was safe to recover the archives. 门旁站着的是安德烈.菲利亚特罗, 他是布法罗大学 跨学科地震工程研究中心 的负责人, 他正在检查这栋建筑,以确认是否可以 安全的重建档案馆。
Interdisciplinary:adj.各学科间的; Buffalo:n.[畜牧][脊椎]水牛;[脊椎]野牛(产于北美);水陆两用坦克;
Andre told me, after seeing these buildings fail again and again in the same way, that there is no new research here. 安德烈告诉我, 在看到这些建筑 不断的以同种方式倒下后, 这儿没什么新的发现了。
again and again:adv.再三地,反复地;
There is nothing here that we don't know. 没什么我们不知道的了。
The failure points were the same -- walls and slabs not tied properly into columns font> -- that's a roof slab hanging off the building -- lack">< font>b> ack"> font> cantilevered font> lack">< font>b> ack"> font> struc tures font>, or struc tures that were lack">< font>b> ack"> font> asymmetric font>, that shook violently and came down, poor buildi lack">< font>b> ack"> font> ng materi font>als, not enough concrete, not enough lack">< font>b> ack"> font> compression font> in the blocks, rebar that was smooth, rebar that was exposed to the weather and had rusted away. 问题的根源是相同的-- 墙和楼板之间没有用柱子正确的连接起来-- 这是挂在建筑上的天台楼板-- 悬臂式结构, 或是非对称结构, 剧烈摇晃并垮塌, 低劣的建筑材料, 没有足够的混凝土, 块与块之间没有足够的压缩空间, 螺纹钢表面光滑, 螺纹钢暴露在空气中并已经生锈了。
slabs:n.[木]平板; v.把…切成厚片;
Now there's a solution to all these problems. 现在对所有这些问题 有个解决方案。
solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And we know how to build properly. 我们知道如何进行适当的建设。
The proof of this came in Chile, almost a month later, when 8.8 magnitude earthquake hit Chile. 证明来自智利, 大约一个月后, 当时8.8级的地震 袭击了智利。
proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护; magnitude:n.大小;量级;[地震]震级;重要;光度;
That is 500 times the power of the 7.0 that hit Port-au-Prince -- 500 times the power, yet only under a thousand casualties . 五百倍与7.0级地震 的力量 袭击了太子港-- 五百倍的能量, 然而只造成了低于一千的伤亡。
Port-au-Prince:n.太子港(海地首都); casualties:n.伤亡;人员伤亡(casualty的复数);
Adjusted for population density , that is less than one percent of the impact of the Haitian quake. 考虑到人口密度, 这次地震造成的影响小于 海地地震的百分之一。
Adjusted:adj.调整过的,调节了的;v.调整;校正(adjust的过去分词); density:n.密度; impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; Haitian:adj.海地的;海地人的;n.海地人;海地语;
What was the difference between Chile and Haiti? 智利与海地之间 有什么不同？
Seismic standards and confined masonry , where the building acts as a whole -- walls and columns and roofs and slabs tied together to support each other, instead of breaking off into separate members and failing. 抗震标准 和砖石结构, 建筑物作为一个整体-- 墙、柱子 屋顶和楼板 连接在一起,相互支撑, 以免断裂成块,坠落下来。
Seismic:adj.地震的;因地震而引起的; standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数) confined:adj.狭窄的; v.限制(confine的过去式和过去分词); masonry:n.石工;石工行业;石造建筑; as a whole:总的来说;
If you look at this building in Chile, it's ripped in half, but it's not a pile of rubble . 你看看智利的这栋建筑, 它裂成两半, 但并没有变成一堆瓦砾。
pile:n.桩;堆;摞;桩柱;v.堆放;摞起;叠放;放置; rubble:n.碎石,碎砖;粗石堆;
Chileans have been building with confined masonry for decades. 智利人用砖混结构建筑房屋已经有 几十年了。
Right now, AIDG is working with KPFF Consulting Engineers, 目前,AIDG与KPFF咨询工程师,
Consulting:adj.咨询的,商议的;v.咨询,请教;商议;(consult的现在分词形式)
Architecture for Humanity , to bring more confined masonry training into Haiti. “人本建筑”协会一起 为海地带去更多的 砖混结构培训。
Architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; Humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
This is Xantus Daniel. 这是埃克赞塔 丹尼尔。
He's a mason, just a general construction worker, not a foreman , who took one of our trainings . 他是名泥瓦匠, 他只是名普通工人,不是工头, 他参加了我们的培训。
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; foreman:n.领班;陪审团主席; trainings:n.培训(training的复数);
On his last job he was working with his boss, and they started pouring the columns wrong. 他最近的工作是跟他的老板一起工作, 开始他们出现了浇筑柱子的错误。
pouring:v.倾倒;倾泻;连续流出;倒出;喷发;(pour的现在分词)
He took his boss aside, and he showed him the materials on confined masonry. 他让他老板站着旁边, 向他老板展示砖混结构的材料。
He showed him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong. 对他老板说,“你知道,我们可以避免这个错误。
It won't cost us any more to do it the right way." 用正确的方式完成这个工序 不会增加任何开销。“
And they redid that building. 他们重建了这个建筑。
redid:v.重做,再做(redo的过去式);
They tied the rebar right. 他们把螺纹钢正确的绑在一起。
They poured the columns right. 正确的浇筑柱子。
poured:v.使(液体)连续流出;倾倒;倒出;喷发;(pour的过去分词和过去式)
And that building will be safe. 这样的建筑就安全了。
And every building that they build going forward will be safe. 而且他们以后建筑的 每一栋建筑都会 是安全的。
To make sure these buildings are safe, it's not going to take policy , it's going to take reaching out to the masons on the ground and helping them learn the proper techniques . 为了确保这些建筑是安全的, 不用制定政策, 只要与在场 的泥瓦匠们接触 帮助他们学习适合的技术。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; masons:n.共济会;泥瓦匠(mason的复数);v.用砖瓦砌成(mason的三单形式); techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
Now there are many groups doing this. 现在,在那儿有许多团体在做这类工作。
And the fellow in the vest there, 那儿穿着马甲的家伙,
vest:n.背心,汗衫;v.赋与;
Craig Toten, he has pushed forward to get documentation out to all the groups that are doing this. 克雷格 图腾, 他在推动 让记录所有参与这项行动的组织。
documentation:n.文件,证明文件,史实,文件编制;
Through Haiti Rewired , through Build Change, Architecture for Humanity, 通过Haiti Rewired, 通过Build Change,Architecture for Humanity
Rewired:vt.给…再打电报;给…换新电线;vi.再发电报;重装电线;
AIDG, there is the possibility to reach out to 30,000, 40,000 masons across the country and create a movement of proper building. AIDG, 就可能 使得全国 三万至四万的泥瓦匠 接受辅导, 并建立一个合格建筑的运动。
If you reach out to the people on the ground in this collaborative way it's extremely affordable . 如果通过这种合作的方式 对当地人进行培训, 这非常经济实惠。
collaborative:adj.合作的,协作的; extremely:adv.非常,极其;极端地; affordable:adj.负担得起的;
For the billions spent on reconstruction , you can train masons for dollars on every house that they end up building over their lifetime. 对于花费数十亿的重建工作来说, 可以用一些钱来为每栋房屋的 泥瓦匠进行培训, 他们会把学到的东西用于今后的建设中。
reconstruction:n.再建,重建;改造;复兴;
Ultimately , there are two ways that you can rebuild Haiti, the way at the top is the way that Haiti's been building for decades. 最终,有两个方法 来重建海地, 第一个方法 是海地已经进行了几十年的方法。
Ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
The way at the top is a poorly constructed building that will fail. 这个方法 建造出易倒塌的 结构不良的建筑,
constructed:v.修建;建造;组成;编制,绘制;(construct的过去分词和过去式)
The way at the bottom is a confined masonry building, where the walls are tied together, the building is symmetric, and it will stand up to an earthquake. 第二个方法是建造砖混结构的建筑, 这样的建筑中墙壁连接在一起, 建筑是对称的, 并且能抵御地震。
stand up to:经得起;抵抗;勇敢地面对;
For all the disaster, there is an opportunity here to build better houses for the next generation, so that when the next earthquake hits, it is a disaster, but not a tragedy . 所有的灾难过后, 都有机会 为下一代建造 更好的房屋, 这样,当下一次地震袭来时, 它只是灾难, 而不是悲剧。
tragedy:n.悲惨的事;不幸;灾难;悲剧作品;
(Applause) （掌声）