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PerEspenStoknes_2017G-_如何把对世界末日的疲乏转变成对全球暖化采取的行动_
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| How do we get people engaged in solving global warming ? |
我们要如何让人们参与 解决全球暖化的问题？ |
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engaged in:从事于;忙于; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖;
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| I'd like to start with running two short experiments with you all. |
我想跟各位做两个 简短的实验来当作开端。 |
| So your task is to notice if you feel any difference as I speak. |
你们的任务是要留意 对我说的话是否感受不同。 |
| OK? |
好吗？ |
| Here we go. |
开始啰。 |
| We are seeing rising carbon dioxide levels, now about 410 ppms. |
现在我们发现二氧化碳量上升了 约 410 ppms。 |
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carbon dioxide:二氧化碳;
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| To avoid the RCP 8.5 scenario , we need rapid decarbonization . |
为了避免 RCP 8.5 的情况, （注:严重的温室气体排放） 我们需要快速减碳。 |
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scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本; decarbonization:n.脱碳作用;除碳法;
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| The global carbon budget for 66 percent likelihood to meet the two-degree target is approximately 800 gigatons . |
全球的碳预算 在有 66% 可能性会达成 温度 2 度之目标的条件下, 大约是八十万兆吨。 |
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budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的; likelihood:n.可能性,可能; approximately:adv.大约,近似地;近于; gigatons:n.十亿吨;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| OK, now let me try something else. |
好,现在,让我试试别的方式。 |
| We are heading for an uninhabitable earth: monster storms, killer floods, devastating wildfires , crazy heat waves that will cook us under a blazing sun. |
我们未来的地球将会无法居住: 超级大暴风、 致命的大洪水、 毁灭性的野火、 失常的热浪,会在炽烈的 太阳之下把我们煮熟。 |
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uninhabitable:adj.不适宜居住的; monster:n.怪物;恶魔;庞然大物;adj.巨大的; devastating:adj.毁灭性的; v.毁灭; (devastate的现在分词) wildfires:n.野火(wildfire复数);大火灾;鬼火;古时攻打敌船所用的燃料剂; blazing:adj.酷热的;极其愤怒的;v.熊熊燃烧;闪耀;发亮光;怒视;(blaze的现在分词)
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| 2017 is already so unexpectedly warm, it's freaking out climate scientists. |
2017 年的暖化 已经超出我们的预期, 气候科学家都被吓坏了。 |
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unexpectedly:adv.出乎意料地,意外地; freaking:adj.该死的,他妈的;v.(使)强烈反应,畏惧;(freak的现在分词)
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| We have a three-year window to cut emissions , three years. |
我们有三年的空窗时间 可以缩减排放,三年。 |
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emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
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| If not, we will soon live in a boiling earth, a hellhole . |
如果没做到,我们很快就要 住在地狱般的沸腾地球上。 |
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hellhole:n.非常令人不舒服的场所;藏污纳垢之处;
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| OK. So -- |
好,所以, |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |
| Now your task: |
现在,你们的任务: |
| How did these ways of speaking make you feel? |
这两种说法让你们的感觉如何？ |
| The first, detached maybe or just confused ? |
第一种,也许很抽离？ |
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detached:adj.独立的; v.拆卸; (detach的过去分词和过去式) confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
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| What's this guy talking about? |
或只是困惑,这家伙在说什么啊？ |
| The other, fearful or just numb? |
另一种,恐惧或是只是麻木？ |
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fearful:adj.可怕的;担心的;严重的;
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| So again, the question I asked: |
所以,我再问一次: |
| How do we get people engaged in solving global warming? |
我们要如何让人们参与 解决全球暖化的问题？ |
| And why don't these two ways of communicating work? |
为什么这两种沟通方式没有用？ |
| You see, the biggest obstacle to dealing with climate disruptions lies between your ears. |
处理气候崩坏问题的最大阻碍 其实位在你的两耳之间。 |
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obstacle:n.障碍;障碍物;阻碍;绊脚石; disruptions:破坏,毁坏;分裂,瓦解(disruption的复数);
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| Building on a rapidly growing body of psychology and social science , |
我以快速成长的心理学 和社会科学为基础, |
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psychology:n.心理学;心理状态; social science:n.社会科学;社会科学学科;
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| I spent years looking into the five inner defenses that stop people from engaging . |
我花了数年的时间探究 阻止人们去参与的五种内在防御, |
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inner:n.内部;射中接近靶心部分的一发;adj.里面的;向内的;内部的;接近中心的; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词)
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| When people hear news about the climate coming straight at them, the first defense comes up rapidly: distance. |
当人们听到关于气候的消息 直直朝他们而来时, 最先快速升起的防御就是: 距离。 |
| When we hear about the climate, we hear about something far away in space -- think Arctic ice, polar bears -- far away in time -- think 2100. |
当我们听到气候, 听得到是在很遥远的空间: 北极冰、北极熊; 在很遥远的时间:想到 2100 年。 |
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Arctic:adj.北极的;北极地区的;极冷的;严寒的;n.北极;北极地区; polar:adj.极地的;南极(或北极)的;n.极线;极面;
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| It's huge and slow-moving -- think gigatons and centuries. |
它很巨大,进行得很慢: 想像数十亿吨、数个世纪。 |
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slow-moving:adj.滞销的;动作缓慢的;
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| So it's not here. It's not now. |
所以,它不在这里,不是现在。 |
| Since it feels so far away from me, it seems outside my circle of influence , so I feel helpless about it. |
既然觉得它离我这么远, 似乎是在我的影响圈之外, 所以我觉得对它也无可奈何。 |
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influence:n.影响;势力;感化;有影响的人或事;v.影响;改变; helpless:adj.无助的;无能的;没用的;
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| There's nothing I can do. |
没什么我能做的。 |
| In our everyday lives, most of us prefer to think about nearer things, such as our jobs, our kids, how many likes we get on Facebook. |
在我们的日常生活中, 我们都偏向去思考比较近的事物, 比如我们的工作、我们的孩子、 脸书上有几个人按赞。 |
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prefer:v.更喜欢;宁愿;提出;提升;
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| Now, that, that's real. |
那些是真实的。 |
| Next defense is doom . |
第二种防御是注定的厄运。 |
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doom:n.厄运;毁灭;劫数;死亡;v.使…注定失败(或遭殃、死亡等);
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| Climate change is usually framed as a looming disaster , bringing losses, cost and sacrifice . |
气候变迁通常会被表达成 令人生畏的灾难, 带来损失、成本、牺牲。 |
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framed:v.给…做框;给…镶边;制订;拟订;(frame的过去分词和过去式) looming:v.人惊恐地隐现;显得突出;逼近(loom的现在分词) disaster:n.灾难,灾祸;不幸; sacrifice:n.牺牲;舍弃;祭献;祭祀;祭品;v.牺牲;献出;作祭献
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| That makes us fearful. |
那会让我们惧怕。 |
| But after the first fear is gone, my brain soon wants to avoid this topic altogether. |
但当最初的惧怕消失之后, 我的头脑很快就会 想要完全避开这个话题。 |
| After 30 years of scary climate change communications, more than 80 percent of media articles still use disaster framings , but people habituate to and then -- desensitize to doom overuse . |
经过三十天让人害怕的 气候变迁沟通之后, 超过 80% 的媒体文章 仍然用灾难型的表达, 但人们会开始习惯,接下来, 对注定厄运的过度使用 开始无感、麻木。 |
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media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; framings:用法,发音,音标,搭配,同义词,反义词和例句等在线英语服务。; habituate:vt.使习惯于,使熟习于;vi.上瘾; desensitize:vt.使不敏感;使麻木不仁; overuse:n.过度使用;vt.把…使用过度;
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| So many of us are now suffering a kind of apocalypse fatigue , getting numb from too much collapse porn . |
所以我们许多人现在遇到的 是种「世界末日疲劳」, 因为太多的崩坏式煽情而麻木。 |
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apocalypse:n.启示;天启; fatigue:n.疲劳;劳累;厌倦;(金属或木材的)疲劳;v.疲劳;使疲乏;(士兵)担任杂役; collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭; porn:n.淫秽作品;色情书刊(或音像制品等)(等于pornography);
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| The third defense is dissonance . |
第三种防御是不一致。 |
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dissonance:n.不一致;不调和;不和谐音;
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| Now, if what we know, that fossil fuel use contributes to global warming, conflicts with what we do -- drive, fly, eat beef -- then so-called cognitive dissonance sets in. |
如果我们所知道的事, 如化石燃料会造成全球暖化, 和我们所做的事,如开车、 搭飞机、吃牛肉等,有所冲突, 就会有所谓的「认知不一致」出现。 |
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fossil fuel:n.化石燃料(如煤或石油); contributes:[图情]投稿;[经]捐助;[经]捐献(contribute的第三人称单数); conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触; so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的;
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| This is felt as an inner discomfort . |
这是种内在的不舒服感。 |
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discomfort:n.不适,不安;不便之处;vt.使…不舒服;使…不安;
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| We may feel like hypocrites . |
我们会觉得像伪善者。 |
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hypocrites:n.伪君子;伪善者;
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| To get rid of this discomfort, our brain starts coming up with justifications . |
为了摆脱这种不舒服, 我们的头脑会开始找理由辩解。 |
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justifications:n.理由;辩护;认为有理,认为正当;释罪;
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| So I can say, for instance , "My neighbor, he has a much bigger car than I do." |
让我可以说,比如: 「我的邻居,他的车比我的还大。」 |
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instance:n.实例;情况;建议;v.举...为例;
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| Or, "Changing my diet doesn't amount to anything if I am the only one to do it." |
或「如果只有我一个人改变饮食, 太微不足道,没有用。」 |
| Or, I could even want to doubt climate science itself. |
或我甚至可能会想要 怀疑气候科学本身。 |
| I could say, "You know, climate is always changing." |
我可以说:「你知道, 气候总是一直在改变的。」 |
| So these justifications make us all feel better, but at the expense of dismissing what we know. |
因此这些理由会让我们觉得好过些, 但代价就是 不再去想我们知道的事。 |
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at the expense of:以…为代价;由…支付费用; dismissing:v.不予考虑;摒弃;去除,消除;免职;开除;(dismiss的现在分词)
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| Thus, behavior drives attitudes . |
因此,行为影响态度。 |
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attitudes:n.态度,看法(attitude复数);
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| My personal cognitive dissonance comes up when I recognize that I've been flying from Oslo to New York and back to Oslo in order to speak about the climate. |
我个人的认知不一致发生在 发现自己已经从奥斯陆飞到纽约, 又再飞回奥斯陆时, 为的是做气候演讲。 （注:指本次 TED 演说） |
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personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; recognize:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| For 14 minutes. |
（笑声） |
| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So that makes me want to move on to denial . |
那会让我想要用下一种防御:否认。 |
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denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事);
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| (Laughter) |
（笑声） |
| So if we keep silent, ignore or ridicule facts about climate disruptions, then we might find inner refuge from fear and guilt. |
所以,如果我们保持沉默, 忽视或是揶揄关于气候混乱的事实, 那么我们可能会找到内在的庇护所, 来躲避恐惧和罪恶感。 |
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ignore:v.驳回诉讼;忽视;不理睬; ridicule:vt.嘲笑;嘲弄;愚弄;n.嘲笑;笑柄;愚弄; refuge:n.避难所;庇护;慰藉;庇护者;v.避难;(古)庇护;
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| Denial doesn't really come from lack of intelligence or knowledge. |
否认并不是来自于缺乏智慧或知识。 |
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intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报;
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| No, denial is a state of mind in which I may be aware of some troubling knowledge, but I live and act as if I don't know. |
不,否认是一种心理状态, 在这状态中,我可能知道 一些让人烦恼的知识, 但我就当不知道, 继续我的生活和行为。 |
| So you could call it a kind of double life , both knowing and not knowing, and often this is reinforced by others, my family or community , agreeing not to raise this tricky topic. |
所以你可以称之为某种双面生活, 同时知道和不知道, 通常,因为他人、家庭、或社群 同意不再提起这难搞的话题, 否认就会被强化。 |
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double life:n.双重人格的生活(常指其中一重人格涉及非法或不道德行为); reinforced:adj.加固的;加强的;加筋的;v.加强;增援;(reinforce的过去式和过去分词) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体; tricky:adj.难办的;难对付的;狡猾的;诡计多端的;
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| Finally , identity . |
最后一项防御,身份。 |
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Finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
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| Alarmed climate activists demand that government takes action, either with regulation or carbon taxes. |
有警觉的气候激进份子 要求政府要在法规上 或碳税上采取行动。 |
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regulation:n.规则;法规;控制;规章制度;adj.规定的;必须穿戴的;必须使用的;
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| But consider what happens when people who hold conservative values, for instance, hear from an activist that government ought to expand even further. |
但,想想这个例子: 当价值观保守的人听到激进份子说 政府应该要再进一步扩展, 会发生什么事？ |
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conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者; activist:n.积极分子;激进主义分子; expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开;
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| Particularly in rich Western democracies , they are then less likely to believe that science. |
特别是在富有的西方民主国家, 他们比较不可能会相信那种科学。 |
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Particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; democracies:民主;
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| How is that? |
为什么会这样？ |
| Well, if I hold conservative values, for instance, |
举例来说,如果我的价值观很保守, |
| I probably prefer big proper cars and small government over tiny, tiny cars and huge government. |
我可能会偏爱大车子和小政府, 而不是小小车子和大政府。 |
| And if climate science comes and then says government should expand further, then I probably will trust that science less. |
如果气候科学跳出来说 政府应该要进一步扩展, 我可能不会太相信那科学。 |
| In this way, cultural identity starts to override the facts. |
文化身份会用这种方式 开始推翻或无视事实。 |
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cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; override:v.凌驾;(以权力)否决;比…更重要;超驰控制;
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| The values eat the facts, and my identity trumps truth any day. |
价值观会吃掉事实, 我的身份在任何一天 都能够打赢真相。 |
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trumps:n.王牌; v.出王牌赢(牌); (trump的第三人称单数和复数)
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| So, after recognizing how these five D's kill engagement , how can we move beyond them? |
所以,在知道了这五个 D（防御） 如何让人们不去参与之后, 我们要如何超越这些防御？ |
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recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词) engagement:n.婚约;约会;交战;诺言;n.参与度;
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| New research shows how we can flip these five defenses over into key success criteria for a more brain-friendly climate communication. |
新研究说明我们 能如何翻转这五种防御, 转成重要的成功标准, 来做对头脑更友善的气候沟通。 |
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flip:n.浏览;空翻;轻抛;捻掷;v.迅速翻动;按(开关);按(按钮);开(或关)(机器等); criteria:n.标准,条件(criterion的复数);
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| So this is where it gets really exciting and where we find the five S's, the five evidence-based solutions for what does work. |
这就是很让人兴奋的地方, 也是我们能找到五个 S 的地方, 五种以证据为基础的有效解决方案。 |
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evidence-based:adj.基于证据的;
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| First, we can flip distance to social. |
首先,我们把距离翻转为社会。 |
| We can make climate feel near, personal and urgent by bringing it home, and we can do that by spreading social norms that are positive to solutions. |
我们可以让气候感觉比较近、 比较个人化、比较紧急, 做法就是把它带回家, 我们可以透过散播对于解决方案 有正向作用的社会规范 来做到这一点。 |
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urgent:adj.紧急的;急迫的; norms:n.[标准]标准,规范;基准(norm复数形式); positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
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| If I believe my friends or neighbors, you guys, will do something, then I will, too. |
如果我相信我的朋友或邻居, 或你们,会做些什么, 那么我也会做些什么。 |
| We can see, for instance, this from rooftop solar panels . |
屋顶太阳能板就是一个这样的例子。 |
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rooftop:n.屋顶;adj.屋顶上的; panels:n.面板(panel的复数); v.嵌镶(panel的第三人称单数形式);
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| They are spreading from neighbor to neighbor like a virus. |
它们就像病毒一样, 从一个邻居散播到另一个邻居。 |
| It's contagious . |
它是有感染力的。 |
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contagious:adj.感染性的;会蔓延的;
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| This is the power of peer-to-peer creating the new normal. |
这是同侪对同侪的力量, 能创造出新的常态标准。 |
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peer-to-peer:n.对等;对等网络;
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| Next, we can flip doom to supportive . |
接着,我们可以把注定的厄运翻转为支持。 |
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supportive:adj.支持的;支援的;赞助的;
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| Rather than backfiring frames such as disaster and cost, we can reframe climate as being really about human health, for instance, with plant-based delicious burgers , good for you and good for the climate. |
不要用逆火式的表述, 比如灾难和成本, 我们在表述气候时可以着重 它和人类健康有多大的关系, 比如,全植物食材制作的美味汉堡, 对你有好处,对气候也有好处。 |
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backfiring:vi.放出逆火;预先放火;产生出乎意料及事与愿违的结果;n.逆火,回火; frames:n.[计][电子][通信]帧,[电影]画面;[建][计]框架;眼镜架(frame的复数); reframe:v.再构造,再组织;重新制订;给…装上新框架; burgers:n.汉堡包(burger的复数);
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| We can also reframe climate as being about new tech opportunities, about safety and about new jobs. |
我们也可以在表述气候时, 强调新科技的机会, 提及安全性和新工作。 |
| Solar jobs, for instance, are seeing an amazing growth. |
比如,太阳能相关工作 就有很大的成长。 |
| They just passed the three million jobs mark. |
不久前已经达成超过三百万个工作。 |
| Psychology says, in order to create engagement, we should present, on balance, three positive or supportive framings for each climate threat we mention. |
心理学家说,为了要创造参与, 我们每提到一项气候威胁, 就应该要用三种正面 或支持性的表述方式 来取得平衡。 |
| Then we can flip dissonance to simpler actions. |
这样我们就可以把不一致 翻转成更「简单」的行动。 |
| This is often called nudging . |
这通常称为「轻推」。 |
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nudging:v.(用肘)轻推,轻触;(朝某方向)轻推,渐渐推动;(nudge的现在分词)
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| The idea is, by better choice architecture , we can make the climate-friendly behaviors default and convenient . |
想法是,透过更好的选择结构, 我们能让对气候友善的行为变成是 预设的、方便的行为。 |
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architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; default:n.违约;拖欠;缺席;缺陷;v.违约;拖欠;缺乏;不履行; convenient:adj.实用的;便利的;方便的;
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| Let me illustrate this. Take food waste. |
让我以食物浪费为例来说明。 |
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illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实;
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| Food waste at buffets goes way down if the plate or the box size is reduced a little, because on the smaller plate it looks full but in the big box it looks half empty, so we put more in. |
吃到饱餐厅可以大大减少食物浪费, 只要把盘子或盒子的尺寸 稍微缩小一点点, 因为在小的盘子看起来会比较满, 在大的盘子看起来还有一半空着, 我们就会放更多食物进去。 |
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buffets:自助;[食品]自助餐;
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| So smaller plates make a big difference for food waste. |
所以小盘子就能 大大地减少食物的浪费。 |
| And there are hundreds of smart nudges like this. |
还有数百种像这样的聪明「轻推」。 |
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nudges:轻推;说服;轻轻的推动;好言说服;轻轻地推动;
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| The point is, dissonance goes down as more behaviors are nudged . |
重点是,当有更多行为 被轻推之后,不一致就会减少。 |
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nudged:n.推动; vt.推进; vi.轻推;
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| Then we can flip denial by tailoring signals that visualize our progress. |
接着,我们就可以翻转否认了, 做法是去修改那些 将我们的进步给视觉化的信号。 |
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visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
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| We can provide motivating feedback on how well we're doing with our problem-solving . |
我们可以提供有激发性的回馈意见, 说明我们在解决问题方面做得如何。 |
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motivating:v.激励;刺激;调动…的积极性(motivate的ing形式); feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; problem-solving:adj.问题解决的;n.解决问题;找出问题的答案;
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| Say you improved your transport footprint or cut energy waste in your buildings. |
比如,你改善了你的交通足迹, 或是减少了你的大楼的能源浪费。 |
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improved:adj.改良的:v.改进:改善(improve的过去分词和过去式) transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放; footprint:n.足迹;脚印;
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| Then one app that can share this well is called Ducky . |
有个叫做 Ducky 的应用程式 能针对此做很好的分享。 |
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Ducky:adj.可爱的;令人满意的;n.亲爱的;
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| The idea is, you log your actions there, and then you can see how well your team or company is doing, so you get real-time signals. |
想法是,你把你的行动记录在这里, 然后你就可以看到 你的团队或公司做得如何, 你就能得到即时的信号。 |
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real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的;
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| Finally, identity. |
最后,身份。 |
| We can flip identity with better stories. |
我们能把身份翻转为更好的故事。 |
| Our brain loves stories. |
我们的头脑喜爱故事。 |
| So we need better stories of where we all want to go, and we need more stories of the heroes and heroines of all stripes that are making real change happen. |
针对我们想要达成的目标, 我们需要更好的故事, 我们需要更多英雄和女英雄的故事, 各种类型的人真正 在做出改变的故事。 |
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heroines:n.女英雄;女主角(heroine的复数形式); stripes:n.条子布;条纹布(stripe复数形式);v.给…加条纹(stripe的三单形式);
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| I'm proud that my hometown of Oslo is now embarking on a bold journey of electrifying all transport, whether cars, bikes or buses. |
我对我的家乡奥斯陆感到很骄傲, 奥斯陆正在进行一项大胆的旅程, 把所有交通运输都电气化, 包括汽车、脚踏车、及公车。 |
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embarking:v.着手;登机(embark的现在分词); bold:adj.大胆的,英勇的;黑体的;厚颜无耻的;险峻的; journey:n.旅行;行程;vi.旅行; electrifying:adj.令人振奋的; n.毛绒电光整理; v.使充电;
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| One of the people spearheading this is Christina Bu. |
先锋部队的其中一员是 克莉丝汀娜布。 |
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spearheading:v.做…的先锋;带头做;领先突击;(spearhead的现在分词)
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| She is heading the Electric Vehicle Association for years and she has been fighting every day. |
她担任电动车协会的领导人很多年, 她每天都在奋战。 |
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Electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; Vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; Association:n.协会;关联;联想;交往;
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| Now, the UK and France, India and China have also announced plans for ending the sales of fossil cars. |
英国、法国、印度、中国 都已经宣布了计画, 打算要停止贩售石油车。 |
| Now, that's massive . |
那是很大规模的。 |
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massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的;
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| And in Oslo, we can see how enthusiastic EV owners go and tell their electric stories to friends and neighbors and bring them along. |
在奥斯陆,我们能看到 热忱的电动车车主 到处告诉他们的朋友和邻居 关于电动车的故事, 让他们一同加入。 |
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enthusiastic:adj.热情的;热心的;狂热的;
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| So we come full circle from story back to social. |
从故事再回到社会, 就是个完整的圆。 |
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come full circle:绕了一圈;"come/gofullcircle"的变体;周而复始;回到原地;兜了一圈;
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| So thousands of climate communicators are now starting to use these solutions all over the world. |
全世界数以千计的气候沟通者 现在都开始用这些 解决方案。 |
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communicators:n.交流者;通讯器(communicator的复数);
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| It is clear, however, that individual solutions are not sufficient to solving climate alone, but they do build stronger bottom-up support for policies and solutions that can. |
然而,很显然,单一的解决方案 不足以解决气候问题, 但它们的确能由下而上 建立更强的支持, 支持能真正解决气候问题的 政策和解决方案。 |
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individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的; bottom-up:adj.[计]自底向上的;从细节到总体的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数)
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| That is why engaging people is so crucial . |
那就是为什么 让人们参与是如此重要。 |
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crucial:adj.重要的;决定性的;定局的;决断的;
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| I started this talk with testing two ways of communicating climate with you. |
我开始这场演讲时, 对各位测试了两种沟通气候的方式。 |
| There is another way, too, |
还有另一种方式, |
| I'd like to share with you. |
我想和各位分享。 |
| It starts with reimagining climate itself as the living air. |
这种方式始于重新想像气候本身, 把它想像活生生的空气。 |
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reimagining:重新想象;再回味(reimagine的现在分词)
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| Climate isn't really about some abstract , distant climate far, far away from us. |
气候的重点其实并不是 抽象、遥远的气候, 离我们很远很远。 |
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abstract:n.摘要; adj.抽象的; vt.摘要; vi.做摘要; distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的;
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| It's about this air that surrounds us. |
它的重点是我们周围的这些空气。 |
| This air, you can feel in this room, too, the air that moves right now in your nostrils . |
在这间房间中, 你们也能感受到这些空气, 现在在你们的鼻孔中流动的空气。 |
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nostrils:n.[解剖]鼻孔(nostril的复数);
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| This air is our earth's skin. |
这些空气是地球的皮肤。 |
| It's amazingly thin, compared to the size of the earth and the cosmos it shields us from, far thinner than the skin of an apple compared to its diameter . |
它薄得惊人, 和地球的大小以及它为我们抵挡 的宇宙相比,它是薄得惊人, 从和直径的比例来看, 它远比苹果的皮还要薄。 |
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compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) cosmos:n.宇宙;和谐;秩序;大波斯菊; shields:n.盾牌; v.屏蔽; (shield的第三人称单数) diameter:n.直径;对径;放大率;放大倍数;
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| It may look infinite when we look up, but the beautiful, breathable air is only like five to seven miles thin, a fragile wrapping around a massive ball. |
当我们向上看,它看来无边无际, 但这美丽、可呼吸的空气, 只有 5~7 英哩的厚度, 一个巨大圆球的脆弱包覆。 |
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infinite:adj.无限的,无穷的; n.无限; breathable:adj.可以吸入的,可以呼吸的; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; wrapping:n.包装材料;包装纸;v.包,裹(礼物等);用…包裹;(wrap的现在分词)
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| Inside this skin, we're all closely connected. |
在皮肤内部, 我们都密切连结着。 |
| The breath that you just took contained around 400,000 of the same argon atoms that Gandhi breathed during his lifetime. |
你们刚刚吸入的空气, 包含了大约 400,000 个氩原子, 和甘地在他的年代所呼吸的一样。 |
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argon:n.[化学]氩(18号元素); atoms:n.[物]原子(atom的复数); Gandhi:n.甘地(印度政府,社会和宗教领袖);
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| Inside this thin, fluctuating , unsettled film, all of life is nourished , protected and held. |
在这层晃动不稳定的薄膜中, 所有的生命都受到滋养、 被保护着、被维持着。 |
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fluctuating:v.波动(fluctuate的ing形式);adj.波动的;变动的; unsettled:adj.未决定的;怀疑的;未处理的;不整齐的; nourished:v.抚养;养育;培养,助长(情绪、观点等);(nourish的过去分词和过去式)
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| It insulates and regulates temperatures in a range that is just right for water and for life as we know it, and mediating between the blue ocean and black eternity , the clouds carry all the billions of tons of water needed for the soils. |
它能隔离和调节温度, 让温度保持在一个 刚好适合水和生命的范围, 在蓝色海洋和黑色永恒之间做中介, 云朵载着数十亿吨的水, 土壤需要这些水。 |
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insulates:vt.隔离,使孤立;使绝缘,使隔热; regulates:控制;管理; mediating:调停; eternity:n.来世,来生;不朽;永世;
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| The air fills the rivers, stirs the waters, waters the forests. |
空气能将河流充满, 能搅动水, 能为森林浇水。 |
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stirs:n.搅拌;轰动;vt.搅拌;激起;惹起;vi.搅动;传播;走动;
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| With a global weirding of the weather, there are good reasons for feeling fear and despair , yet we may first grieve today's sorry state and losses and then turn to face the future with sober eyes and determination . |
随着全球天气越来越怪异, 的确有很好的理由 应该要感到恐惧和绝望, 但,我们可能会先哀悼 现在的可怜状态以及损失, 然后带着清醒的双眼以及决心, 转过去面对未来。 |
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despair:v.绝望;失去希望;丧失信心;n.绝望; grieve:v.使悲伤,使苦恼;悲痛,哀悼; sober:adj.冷静的,清醒的;未醉的;v.使严肃;使醒酒,使清醒; determination:n.测定;确定;决心;计算;
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| The new psychology of climate action lies in letting go, not of science, but of the crutches of abstractions and doomism, and then choosing to tell the new stories. |
气候行动的新心理学 是在于放手,不是放掉科学, 而是放掉对抽象和 注定厄运主义的支持, 然后选择说新的故事。 |
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crutches:n.拐杖,支撑物;叉状架(crutch复数); abstractions:n.抽象;出神;心神专注;提取;分离;(abstraction的复数)
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| These are the stories of how we achieve drawdown , the reversing of global warming. |
故事的内容 是我们如何达成 减少和反转全球暖化。 |
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drawdown:n.(美)减少;水位降低; reversing:v.颠倒;彻底转变;使完全相反;(reverse的现在分词)
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| These are the stories of the steps we take as peoples, cities, companies and public bodies in caring for the air in spite of strong headwinds . |
故事的内容是我们采取的步骤, 人类、城市、公司 和公众实体 为了照顾空气 而顶着逆风。 |
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in spite of:尽管;不管,不顾; headwinds:n.逆风;顶头风;
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| These are the stories of the steps we take because they ground us in what we are as humans: earthlings inside this living air. |
我们采取这些步骤, 正是因为它们让我们能 立基在我们人类的本质上: 在这活生生的空气之中的俗人。 |
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earthlings:n.世人,俗人;凡人(earthling的复数形式);
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| Thank you. |
谢谢。 |
| (Applause) |
（掌声） |