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PaulMacCready_1998-_谈自然与人_
This is the era of environment, or biology , or information technology -- well, it's the era of a lot of different things that we're in right now. But one thing for sure: 这是一个以环境,生态,或者信息技术为主导的时代-- 呃,一个关于很多不同事物的年代 但有一件事情是肯定的:
biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; information technology:n.信息技术;
it's the era of change. There's more change going on than ever has occurred in the history of human life on earth. 这是一个变化的时代。现在正在发生的改变比 地球人类生活历史上发生过的都要多。
occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式)
And you all sort of know it, but it's hard to get it so that you really understand it. 大家都好像知道,但要表达出来 让人真正理解却又很难。
And I've tried to put together something that's a good start for this. 我一直试着整理出一些东西来开个好头。
put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
I've tried to show in this, though the color doesn't come out. 我试着用这个来表现,虽然这里看不出颜色。
And what I'm concerned with is the little 50-year time bubble that you are in. You tend to be interested in a generation past, a generation future; your parents, your kids, things you can change 我关注的是一个人所处的一个50年长的时间小泡沫。 人一般感兴趣的是过去的一代, 未来的一代;你的父母,你的孩子,在接下来
concerned with:关心;涉及;忙于;与…有关; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
over the next few decades, and this 50-year time bubble you kind of move along in. And in that 50 years, if you look at the population curve , you find the population of humans 几十年里你可以改变的东西,这就是你所经历的一个 50年时间泡沫。在那50年里, 如果你看一下这条人口曲线,你可以发现地球的人口数
curve:n.曲线;弯曲;曲面;弧线;v.(使)沿曲线移动;呈曲线形;
on the earth more than doubles and we're up three-and-a-half times since I was born. And when you have a new baby, by the time that kid gets out of high school 已经增加了不止一倍,自从我出生以来,我们已经是 原来的3.5倍了。当你有一个初生儿, 到孩子高中毕业的时候
more people will be added than existed on earth when I was born -- this is unprecedented and it's big. 增加的人口数要比我出生时的总人口还要多-- 这是前所未有的,这是巨大的数量。
unprecedented:adj.空前的;无前例的;
Where it goes in the future is questioned. So that's the human part. 我们要问的是它将何去何从。这是关于人类的部分。
Now human related to animals: look at the left side of that. 现在来看看人类和动物们的关系:请看图的左边。
What I call the human portion -- humans and their livestock and pets -- versus the natural portion -- all the other wild animals and just -- these are vertebrates and all the birds, etc. 我称之为人类部分--人类和他们的牲畜和宠物-- 相对于自然部分--所有其他的野生动物而且只有-- 这些是脊椎动物和所有的鸟类,等等。
portion:n.部分;(食物的)一份;分担的责任;v.把…分成若干份(或部分); livestock:n.家畜;牲畜; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; vertebrates:n.[脊椎]脊椎动物(vertebrate的复数);
in the land and air, not in the water. How does it balance? 陆上的和空中的,不包括水生的。它是如何平衡的呢？
Well, certainly 10,000 years ago, the civilization 's beginning, the human portion was less than one tenth of one percent. Let's look at it now. 呃,当然一万年前,文明之初, 人类部分不足千分之一。让我们看看现在。
civilization:n.文明;文明社会;文明世界;(特定时期和地区的)社会文明;
You follow this curve and you see whiter spot in the middle -- that's your 50-year time bubble. Humans, livestock and pets are now 97 percent of that integrated total mass on earth 你沿着这条曲线可以看到中间的白点-- 这是你的50年时间泡沫。人,牲畜和宠物 现在是整个地球群体的百分之九十七
integrated:adj.综合的; v.整合; (integrate的过去式和过去分词) mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
and all wild nature is three percent. We have won. The next generation doesn't even have to worry about this game -- it is over. 而整个野生自然是百分之三。我们赢了。我们的下一代 根本不要去担心这场比赛--它已经结束了。
And the biggest problem came the last 25 years: it went from 25 percent up to that 97 percent. 而过去25年里最大的问题来了: 我们从百分之二十五上升到了百分之九十七。
And this really is a sobering picture in realizing we, humans, are in charge of life on earth, we're like the capricious Gods of old Greek myths , kind of playing with life, and not a great deal of wisdom injected into it. 这张图让我们清醒地认识到我们,人类, 要对地球的生命负责,我们像希腊神话中反复无常的众神 有点像在拿地球的生命开玩笑, 而没有倾注过多的智慧。
sobering:adj.令人警醒的;使人冷静的;v.(使)变得持重,变得冷静;(sober的现在分词) in charge of:负责;主管; capricious:adj.反复无常的;任性的; myths:神话;谬见; a great deal of:大量; wisdom:n.智慧;明智;才智;学问; injected:v.(给…)注射(药物等); (inject的过去分词和过去式)
Now, the third curve is information technology. 现在,这第三条曲线是信息技术。
This is Moore's Law plotted here, which relates to density of information, but it has been pretty good for showing a lot of other things about information technology: 这里标绘了摩尔定律,它和信息的密度有关 它也很好地展示了 关于信息技术的其他事物:
plotted:v.密谋;暗中策划;标出;绘制(图表);(plot的过去分词和过去式) density:n.密度;
computers, their use, Internet, etc. And what's important is it just goes straight up through the top of the curve and has no real limits to it. Now try and contrast these. 计算机,计算机应用,互联网,等。重要的是 曲线在上端笔直上升 它没有真正的界限。而把这些对照过来
contrast:n.对比;对照;反差;明显的差异;v.对比;对照;形成对比;
This is the size of the earth going through that same -- 地球的尺寸标线也是一样的走向
(Laughter) （笑声）
- frame . And to make it really clear, I've put all four on one graph -- there's no need to see the little detailed words on it. 为了让它很明白,我把四张图放在一张里-- 不用去看里面具体的小字
frame:n.框架; v.设计; adj.有木架的;
That first one is humans versus nature. 第一张是人类和自然的比较。
We've won, there's no more gain. Human population. 我们已经赢了,没有更多可以索取。人类人口。
And so if you're looking for growth industries to get into, that's not a good one -- protecting natural creatures . Human population is going up; it's going to continue for quite a while. 所以如果你寻求进入增长型行业的话, 保护自然生物--前景可不太好。人类人口 正在增长;它还将持续很长一段时间。
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
Good business in obstetricians , morticians , and farming, housing, etc -- they're all deals with human bodies which require being fed, transported , housed and so on. And the information technology, 产科医生,殡仪业者,还有农业,房产业等的业务看好-- 它们都和人的身体打交道--需要被喂养, 运输,和庇护等等。而信息技术,
obstetricians:n.产科医师; morticians:n.(美)殡葬业者;丧事承办人; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式)
which connects to our brains has no limit -- now, that is a wonderful field to be in. You're looking for growth opportunity -- it's just going up through the roof. 它连接我们的大脑,不受限制--是一个可以参与的 绝佳领域。你寻找增长机会的话-- 它正一飞冲天。
And then the size of the Earth. Somehow making these all compatible with the Earth looks like a pretty bad industry to be involved with. 而地球大小本身的限制,从某种程度上使那些扩大地球兼容能力 的行业让人望而却步。
Somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; compatible:adj.兼容的;能共处的;可并立的; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
So, that's the stage out of all this. I find, for reasons I don't understand, I really do have a goal. 所以,这就是所有这些的现状。我发现, 很多原因让我不理解,我确实有个目标。
And the goal is that the world be desirable and sustainable when my kids reach my age. And I think that's -- in other words, the next generation. I think that's a goal that we probably all share. 目标就是当我的孩子到了我这个年纪 世界变得可爱和可持续的。而且我觉得那是-换句话说, 是我们的下一代。我觉得这大概是我们大家共有的目标。
desirable:adj.令人满意的;值得要的;n.合意的人或事物; sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
I think it's a hopeless goal. Technologically it's achievable , economically it's achievable , politically it's -- it means sort of the habits, institutions of people, it's impossible. 我觉得它是一个没什么希望的目标。技术上说它是可实现的, 经济上它是可实现的,政治上说它是-- 它代表了某种习惯,人们的惯例,它是不可能的。
Technologically:adv.科技地;技术上地; achievable:adj.可完成的;可有成就的;做得成的; economically:adv.经济地;在经济上;节俭地; politically:adv.政治上; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
The institutions of the past with all their inertia are just irrelevant for the future, except they're there and we have to deal with them. I spend about 15 percent of my time trying to save the world, the other 85 percent the usual ... 过去的惯例和所有的惰性 看来和未来毫不相关,除了他们是真实存在的 而我们必须处理他们。我花了15%的时间 试图拯救世界,其他的85%做些平常的事... ...
inertia:n.[力]惯性;惰性,迟钝;不活动; irrelevant:adj.不相干的;不切题的;
and whatever else we devote ourselves to. 任何我们致力于的事情。
devote:v.贡献;把…专用于;听任;
And in that 15 percent, the main focus is on human mind-thinking skills, somehow trying to unleash kids from the straightjacket of schools which is putting information and dogma into them, 在那15%中,主要关注的是人类的思维-思考的技巧, 试着把孩子从学校的束缚中解放出来 学校只是把信息和教条灌输给他们。
unleash:vt.发泄;突然释放;使爆发; straightjacket:n.紧身衣;约束物; dogma:n.教条,教理;武断的意见;
get them so they really think, ask tough questions, argue about serious subjects, don't believe everything that's in the book, think broadly or creative . They can be. 让他们能真正地思考,问尖锐的问题,辩论 严肃的话题,不照本宣科。 广泛地或创造性地思考。他们可以这样。
broadly:adv.明显地;宽广地;概括地;露骨地;粗鄙地; creative:adj.创造性的;
Our school systems are very flawed and do not reward you for the things that are important in life or for the survival of civilization. They reward you for a lot of learning and sopping up stuff . 我们的学校系统有很多缺陷,不鼓励你做 对生活来说重要的事情 或者做延续文明的事情。 他们鼓励很多学习和吸收事物。
flawed:adj.有缺陷的;有瑕疵的;有裂纹的; reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物; sopping:adj.浑身湿透的;adv.非常湿地;v.使浸泡;吸收水分(sop的ing形式); stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
We can't go into that today because there isn't time -- it's a broad subject. One thing for sure, in the future there is an essential feature -- necessary, but not sufficient aspect -- 我们今天由于时间关系就无法详说了-- 它是一个广泛的主题。可以确定的一件事是, 未来有一个最根本的特征--必要的,但不是充分方面--
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; sufficient:adj.足够的;充分的; aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位;
which is doing more with less. We've got to be doing things with more efficiency using less energy, less material. 就是用更少做更多。我们必须做事情 更有效率,使用更少的能源,更少的材料。
efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效;
Your great-great grandparents got by on muscle power, and yet we all think there's this huge power that's essential for our lifestyle. And with all the wonderful technology we have we can do things that are much more efficient : conserve , recycle , etc. 你们的曾曾祖父靠肌肉力量生存 而我们都认为我们的生活方式主要是靠着某种巨大的力量支持。 依靠我们所有的这些神奇的技术 我们可以做更有效的事情:生态保护,循环利用等。
muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; conserve:vt.保存;将…做成蜜饯;使守恒;n.果酱;蜜饯; recycle:v.回收利用;再利用;
Let me just rush through very quickly things that we've done. 让我快速地过一遍我们完成的事情。
rush through:快速通过;仓促完成;
Human-powered airplane -- Gossamer Condor sort of started me in this direction in 1976 and 77, winning the Kremer prize in aviation history, followed by the Albatross . And we began making various odd planes and creatures. 人体动力飞机--1976,77年的“游丝秃鹫”算是 开始了我在这个方向的工作, 它赢得了飞行历史上的Kremer奖, 第二个叫“信天翁”。接着我们开始 制作各种各样古怪的飞机和作品。
airplane:n.飞机; Gossamer:n.蛛丝;薄纱;小蜘蛛网;adj.轻飘飘的;薄弱的; Condor:n.秃鹫,秃鹰; aviation:n.航空;飞行术;飞机制造业; Albatross:n.[鸟]信天翁;沉重负担; odd:adj.古怪的;奇数的;n.奇数;
Here's a giant flying replica of a pterosaur that has no tail. 这是仿制了一个大型的无尾翼龙。
giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 replica:n.复制品,复制物; pterosaur:n.翼龙;
Like, trying to have it fly straight is like trying to shoot an arrow with the feathered end forward. It was a tough job, and boy it made me have a lot of respect for nature. 让它直线飞行就像射一支羽毛端 朝前的箭。难度很大。 好家伙！其间让我对自然产生了很大的尊敬。
This was the full size of the original creature. 这是全尺寸的原始作品。
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
We did things on land, in the air, on water. 我们有在陆上,空中和水上
Vehicles of all different kinds, usually with some electronics or electric power systems in them. I find they're all the same . 制作各种交通工具,通常上面带有电子或者 电力动能系统。我发现他们都是一样的。
Vehicles:n.车辆;飞行器;运行工具;(vehicles是vehicle的复数) electronics:n.电子学;电子工业; electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的; all the same:仍然:依然:照样:
I don't care what the -- whether its land, air or water. 我不管是陆上,空中还是水上的。
I'll be focusing on the air here. This is a solar-powered airplane -- 165 miles carrying a person from France to England as a symbol that solar power is going to be an important part 我在这里将关注的是空中的。这是一架太阳能飞机-- 运载一人从法国到英国飞行了165英里 标志着太阳能在我们的未来将担当重要角色。
on the air:在广播,广播中; solar-powered:adj.太阳能的; symbol:n.象征;符号;标志;
of our future. Then we did the solar car for General Motors -- the Sunracer that won the race in Australia. 然后我们为通用公司制作了太阳能汽车-- “太阳赛跑者”,它赢得了在澳大利亚的比赛。
We got a lot of people thinking about electric cars, what you could do with it. A few years later, when we suggested to GM now is the time and we could do a thing called the Impact , 我们有很多人在思考电动车, 我们可以用它来干嘛。几年后,当我们建议通用 时机已经成熟,我们可以做一个叫“影响力”的东西时,
Impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
they sponsored it, and here's the Impact that we developed with them on their programs. The demonstrator . And they put huge effort into turning it into a commercial product. 他们提供了赞助,而这是我们和他们项目开发的“影响力”。 这是示范版。他们尽了巨大的努力 把它变成商业产品。
sponsored:adj.(活动或比赛)为慈善筹款而举办的; v.赞助(活动、节目等); (sponsor的过去式和过去分词) demonstrator:n.示威者;论证者;指示者;证明者; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
With that preamble , let's show the first two-minute video tape which shows a little airplane for surveillance and moving to a giant airplane. 开场白结束,让我们来看第一段两分钟的视频录像 它展示了一架小型监察飞机 变成一架巨型机。
preamble:n.序文;电报报头;先兆;vi.作序文; surveillance:n.监督;监视;
A tiny airplane, the AV Pointer serves for surveillance: in effect a pair of roving eyeglasses . A cutting-edge example of where miniaturization can lead if the operator is remote 一架小飞机,“AV 指针”是起监察作用的: 实际上是一对粗纱镜片。一个尖端的例子 显示了当操作员远程控制时小型化设备能
Pointer:n.指针;指示器;教鞭;暗示; roving:n.粗纱;adj.流动的;徘徊的; eyeglasses:n.眼镜(等于glasses); cutting-edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的; miniaturization:n.小型化,微型化; operator:n.算子;接线员;操作人员;骗子; remote:adj.偏远的;偏僻的;遥远的;久远的;
from the vehicle. It is convenient to carry, assemble and launch by hand. Battery-powered , it is silent and rarely noticed. 起到先导的作用。它便于携带,装配 和手工发动。它使用电池,很安静,几乎难以察觉。
convenient:adj.实用的;便利的;方便的; assemble:vt.集合,聚集;装配;收集;vi.集合,聚集; launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射; Battery-powered:adj.[电]靠电池供电的; rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地;
It sends high-resolution video pictures back to the operator. 它将高分辨率的视频图片传送回操作员。
high-resolution:n.高分辨率;
With onboard GPS, it can navigate autonomously , and it is rugged enough to self land without damage. 利用随身携带的GPS,它可以自动驾驶, 它足够粗旷,可以无损坏自动着陆。
onboard:adv.在船上;在飞机上;在板上;adj.随车携带的; navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; autonomously:adv.自治地;独立自主地; rugged:adj.崎岖的;坚固的;高低不平的;粗糙的;
The modern sailplane is superbly efficient. 现代的滑翔机超级的高效。
superbly:adv.雄伟地;壮丽地;上等地;庄重地;
Some can glide as flat as 60 feet forward for every foot of descent . 有些可以每下降一英尺向前平滑60英尺。
glide:n.滑翔;滑行;滑移;滑音;vt.滑翔;滑行;悄悄地走;消逝;vi.使滑行;使滑动; descent:n.下降;血统;袭击;vt.除去…的气味;使…失去香味;
They are powered only by the energy they can extract from the atmosphere -- an atmosphere nature stirs up by solar energy. 他们仅通过从大气中 可以吸取的能量来产生动能-- 一个被太阳能激起的自然大气。
extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; stirs:n.搅拌;轰动;vt.搅拌;激起;惹起;vi.搅动;传播;走动;
Humans and soaring birds have found nature to be generous in providing replenishable energy. Sailplanes have flown over 1,000 miles and the altitude record is over 50,000 feet. 人类和飞鸟已经发现大自然在 提供持续能力方面是非常慷慨的。滑翔机飞行了 超过1,000英里,海拔记录超过50,000英尺。
soaring:adj.翱翔的;高耸的;猛增的;v.高耸;高飞;猛增;(soar的现在分词形式) generous:adj.慷慨的,大方的;宽宏大量的;有雅量的; altitude:n.海拔;海拔高度;高程;(海拔高的)高处;
(Music) （音乐）
The Solar Challenger was made to serve as a symbol that photovoltaic cells can produce real power and will be part of the world's energy future. 制作“太阳挑战者”标志着 硒电池能产生真正的能量 将成为世界能源未来的一部分。
photovoltaic:adj.[电子]光电伏打的,光电的;
In 1981, it flew 163 miles from Paris to England solely on the power of sunbeams , and established a basis for the Pathfinder . 1981年,它从巴黎到英国飞行了163英里 单单靠阳光动能, 为“探路者”打下了一个基础。
solely:adv.单独地,唯一地; sunbeams:n.阳光,日光;快乐的人; established:adj.已确立的;著名的;v.建立;创立;设立;(establish的过去分词和过去式) Pathfinder:n.探路者,探险者;开拓者,开创者;
(Music) （音乐）
The message from all these vehicles is that ideas and technology can be harnessed to produce remarkable gains in doing more with less; gains that can help us attain a desirable balance between technology and nature. The stakes are high as we speed toward a challenging future. 所有这些交通工具中包含的信息是:想法和技术 可以用来生产出事半功倍的非凡收益; 这些收益可以帮助我们达到 技术和自然的理想平衡。当我们加速向一个 充满挑战的未来前进的时,风险是高的。
harnessed:v.给(马等)上挽具;控制,利用(以产生能量等);(harness的过去式和过去分词) remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的; attain:v.得到;(通常经过努力)获得;达到(某年龄、水平、状况); stakes:n.桩; v.以…打赌,拿…冒险;
Buckminster Fuller said it clearly: there are no passengers on spaceship Earth, only crew. We, the crew, can and must do more with less, much less. Buckminster Fuller清楚地说过:在地球这架 太空船上没有乘客,只有船员。我们,就是船员, 可以而且必须以更少,少得多做到更多。
If we could have the second video, the one-minute, put in as quickly as you can, which -- this will show the Pathfinder airplane in some flights this past year in Hawaii, 如果我们有第二个视频,一分钟的, 尽快地放进去,这个-这个将展示 “探路者”飞机去年在夏威夷的几次飞行,
and will show a sequence of some of the beauty behind it after it had just flown to 71,530 feet -- higher than any propeller airplane has ever flown. 还展示在它完成飞行71,530英尺之后 一系列背后的美妙之处-- 比任何螺旋桨飞机飞得都要高。
sequence:n.顺序; v.按顺序排列; propeller:n.[航][船]螺旋桨;推进器;
It's amazing, just on the puny power of the sun -- by having a super lightweight plane, you're able to get it up there. 它很神奇,仅仅依靠太阳的微弱能量- 通过一架超轻量飞机,你可以让它飞起来。
puny:adj.弱小的;微不足道的;微小的; lightweight:n.轻量级选手;无足轻重的人;adj.重量轻的;平均重量以下的;
It's part of a long-term program NASA sponsored. 这是一项NASA支持的长期项目的一部分。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看;
And we worked very closely with the whole thing being a team effort, and with wonderful results like that flight. 我们整个项目团结合作,通过团队的努力 得到像那次飞行一样的很棒的结果。
And we're working on a bigger plane -- 220-foot span -- and an intermediate-size one with a regenerative fuel cell that can store excess energy during the day, feed it back at night, and stay up 65,000 feet for months at a time. 而我们正在做一架更大的的飞机--跨度220英尺-- 和一架带再生燃料电池的中型飞机 它可以在白天储存过多的能量,在夜间把它输回去, 每次可以几个月昼夜停留在65,000的高度。
span:n.持续时间; v.持续; regenerative:adj.再生的,更生的;更新的; excess:n.超过,超额;过度,过量;无节制;adj.额外的,过量的;附加的;
(Music) （音乐）
Ray Morgan's voice will come in here. 这里会出现Ray Morgan的声音。
There he's the project manager. Anything they do is certainly a team effort. He ran this program. Here's ... 他是项目经理。他们所作的一切 无疑是团队协作的结果。他管理这个项目。这里
some things he showed as a celebration at the very end. 他展示了一个最终的庆典仪式。
We'd just ended a seven-month deployment of Hawaii. 我们刚在夏威夷结束了一个七个月长的部署。
deployment:n.调度,部署;
For those who live on the mainland, it was tough being away from home. 对于住在大陆的人来说,远离家人是比较艰苦的。
The friendly support, the quiet confidence , congenial hospitality shown by our Hawaiian and military hosts -- 我们夏威夷的朋友和军队主办方表示了友好的支持, 无声的信心,适宜的款待--
confidence:n.信心;信任;秘密;adj.(美)诈骗的;骗得信任的; congenial:adj.意气相投的;性格相似的;适意的;一致的; hospitality:n.好客;殷勤; Hawaiian:adj.夏威夷的;夏威夷语的;n.夏威夷人;夏威夷语; military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; hosts:n.主人; v.主办,主持(活动); (host的第三人称单数和复数)
(Music) （音乐）
this is starting -- made the experience enjoyable and unforgettable . 这是开始了-- 让我们的经历很愉快和难忘。
enjoyable:adj.快乐的;令人愉快的; unforgettable:adj.难忘的;
We have real-time IR scans going out through Internet while the plane is flying. And it's exploring without polluting the stratosphere . That's its goal: the stratosphere, 当飞机在飞行时,我们有通过互联网传出的 实时的红外线扫描图像。它探测时 不会污染平流层。那是它的目标:平流层,
real-time:adj.实时的;接到指示立即执行的; exploring:v.探索:考察:探查;(explore的现在分词) stratosphere:n.同温层;最上层;最高阶段;
the blanket that really controls the radiation of the earth and permits life on earth to be the success that it is. 是真正控制地球辐射的毯子, 它允许了地球上的生命如此兴旺。
radiation:n.辐射;放射线;放射疗法;
Probing that is very important. And also we consider it as a sort of poor man's stationary satellite, because it can stay right overhead for months at a time -- 2,000 times closer than the real GFC synchronous satellite. 对那儿的探索是很重要的。同时我们把它 叫做可怜人的同步卫星, 因为它可以每次在正头顶上停留数个月-- 比真正的GFC同步卫星近2,000倍。
Probing:n.探索; adj.探查性的; v.盘问; (probe的现在分词) stationary:adj.固定的;静止的;定居的;常备军的;n.不动的人;驻军; overhead:n.开销;经常费用;经常开支;adj.头上方的;地面以上的;adv.在头上方;在空中 synchronous:adj.同步的;同时的;
We couldn't bring one here to fly it and show you. 我们没法带一个到现场来飞给你们看。
But now let's look at the other end. OK. I showed you -- in the video you saw that nine-pound or eight-pound Pointer airplane surveillance drone that Keenan has developed 但现在让我看看另一端。好。我展示了- 在视频里你看到了那个八九英镑的“探路者” Keenan开发的无人驾驶监察机
drone:n.嗡嗡声;持续低音;寄生虫;无人驾驶飞机;v.懒洋洋地说;嗡嗡响
and just done a remarkable job. Where some have servos that have gotten down to, oh, 18 or 25 grams, his weigh one-third of a gram. And what he's going to bring out here 干得很漂亮。有些飞机的的伺服系统 已经降到了,呃,18或25克, 他的只重三分之一克。他将在这里拿出来的
servos:n.伺服系统;伺服机构(servo的复数); bring out:出版,生产;使显示;说出;
is a surveillance drone that weighs about 2 ounces -- that includes the video camera , the batteries that run it, the telemetry , the receiver and so on. And we'll fly it, we hope, with the same success that we had last night when we did the practice. 是一架只有2盎司重的无人驾驶监察机-- 那还包括了摄像头,给它动力的电池, 遥测器,接收器和其它。我们会让它飞一下,我们希望, 和昨天晚上试飞的时候一样成功。
ounces:n.[金融]盎司,英两;安士(ounce的复数); video camera:n.摄像机; batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数) telemetry:n.[自]遥测技术;遥感勘测;自动测量记录传导;
So Matt Keenan, just any time you're -- all right 来Matt Keenan,只要你-- 好了
- ready to let her go. But first, we're going to make sure that it's appearing on the screen, so you see what it sees, -准备好让她飞了。但是首先,我们要确保 它将在屏幕上出现,你会看到它看到的,
You can imagine yourself being a mouse, or fly inside it looking out its camera. 你可以把自己想象成一只老鼠,或者在它里面飞行 透过它的镜头往外看。
It's switched on . 它被接通了。
switched on:开着(开关)的;
But now we're trying to get the video. There we go. 但现在我们试一下影像。好了。
Can you bring up the house lights? 你能打亮观众席的灯吗？
Yeah, the house lights and we'll see you all better and be able to fly the plane better. 好,灯亮了,我们可以更好地看到你们 还能更好地飞这架飞机。
All right, we'll try to do a few laps around and bring it back in. 行,我们将试着绕几个圈然后把它飞回来。
Here we go. 开始了。
(Applause) （掌声）
The video worked right for the first few and I don't know why it -- there it goes. 录像开始一会儿工作正常,我不知道为什么它-- 好了。
Oh, that was only a minute, but I think you'd be safe to have that near the end of the flight, perhaps. 哦,那才只有一分钟,可我想 到飞行快结束时碰到它你将是安全的,也许。
We get to do the classic . 我们得做经典的。
classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的;
All right. 好。
If this hits you, it will not hurt you. 假如这个撞到你,它不会伤害你。
(Laughter) （笑声）
OK. OK。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you very much. Thank you. 非常感谢,谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
But now, as they say in infomercials , we have something much better for you, which we're working on: planes that are only six inches -- 15 centimeters -- in size. 但是现在,就像他们在信息广告里说的, 我们为你准备了还要好得多的东西,我们正在做的: 只有6英寸的飞机-15厘米-大小。
infomercials:n.信息商业(infomercial的复数); centimeters:n.[计量]厘米(centimeter的复数);
And Matt's plane was on the cover of Popular Science last month, showing what this can lead to. And in a while something this size will have GPS and video camera in it. We've had one of these fly nine miles through the air at 35 miles an hour with just a little battery in it. Matt的飞机上个月登上了《流行科学》的封面, 展示了这个可以引导的未来。待会儿,这个大小的东西 将带有GPS和摄像头。我们用其中的一个 在空中以35英里每小时的速度飞行了9英里 它里面只带了一点电池。
But there's a lot of technology going. 但是背后运用了大量的技术。
This is just milestones along the way of some remarkable things. 这只是一系列非凡事物中的几个里程碑。
milestones:n.里程碑;时间表;
This one doesn't have the video in it, but you get a little feel from what it can do. 这个没有内置摄像头, 但是你会从它能做的事情中有所感触。
OK, here we go. 好,我们开始了。
(Laughter) （笑声）
Sorry. 对不起。
OK. 好。
(Applause) （掌声）
If you can pass it down when you're done. Yeah, I think -- 你好以后请传一下下去。是的,我觉得--
I lost a little orientation; I looked up into this light, but it hit the building. And the building was poorly placed, actually. 我有点失去方向了。我向上面的灯看,但是 它碰到的是房子。而房子的位子摆的不是很好,事实上。
(Laughter) （笑声)
But you're beginning to see what can be done. 但你正开始理解我们可以做到什么。
We're working on projects now, even wing-flapping things the size of hawk moths , DARPA contracts , working with Caltech , UCLA. 我们现在在做项目,甚至是拍打翅膀的东西 天蛾的大小,DARPA合同,跟UCLA的加州科技合作。
hawk:v.兜售,沿街叫卖;捕捉;咳出;n.鹰;鹰派成员;掠夺他人的人; moths:n.飞蛾,蛾(moth的复数); contracts:n.[经]合同; v.使收缩; Caltech:n.加利福尼亚理工学院;
Where all this leads, I don't know. Is it practical ? I don't know. 这将引向何方,我不知道。它实用吗？我不知道。
practical:adj.实际的;真实的;客观存在的;n.实习课;实践课;
But like any basic research, when you're really forced to do things that are way beyond existing technology, you can get there with micro-technology, nanotechnology . 但是就像任何基础研究,当你真的被迫去做 已经远远超过现有技术的事情时, 你可以通过微技术,纳米技术来达成。
nanotechnology:n.纳米技术;
You can do amazing things when you realize what nature has been doing all along. As you get to these small scales , you realize we have a lot to learn from nature -- not with 747s -- but when you get down to the nature's realm , nature has 200 million years of experience, 当你意识到自然一直在做什么时, 你可以做成一些神奇的事情。当你处在这些小衡量范围时, 你意识到我们可以向自然学到很多--不是通过747-- 但是当你来到自然的领域, 自然有两亿年的经验,
scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数) get down to:开始认真考虑;着手处理; realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
it never makes a mistake. Because if you make a mistake, you don't leave any progeny . 它从来没有犯过一个错误。因为你一旦犯错误, 你不会留下任何后裔。
progeny:n.子孙;后裔;成果;
We should have nothing but success stories for nature, for you or for birds, and we're learning a lot from its fascinating subject. 我们除了自然的成功故事没有别的, 对于你或对于鸟类,我们正在 这个令人着迷的课题中学到很多。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词)
In concluding , I want to get back to the big picture and I have just two final slides to try and put it in perspective . 总结一下,我想回到大屏幕 我试着用最后两张幻灯片来分析问题。
concluding:adj.结束的;最后的; perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
The first I'll just read. At last I put in three sentences and had it say what I wanted. 第一张,我就读一下了。最后我把我想说的 总结为三个句子。
Over billions of years on a unique sphere, chance has painted a thin covering of life: complex , improbable , wonderful and fragile . Suddenly, we humans, a recently arrived species , 在几亿多年里,在一个特殊的球体上,机遇描绘了 一层薄薄的生命图:复杂的,意想不到的,美好的 并且脆弱的。突然,我们人类,一个降临不久的物种,
unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; improbable:adj.不大可能的,未必确实的;不可信的; fragile:adj.脆的;易碎的; recently:adv.最近;新近; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
no longer subject to the checks and balances inherent in nature, have grown in population, technology and intelligence to a position of terrible power. We now wield the paintbrush , 不再遵从自然内固有的相互制衡, 人口,科技和智力不断增长 到达了一个拥有可怕能力的地位。我们现在挥舞着画笔,
checks and balances:n.制约与平衡(为保持机构或政体内的公正并防止权力集中于小团体); inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的; intelligence:n.智力;智慧;才智;(尤指关于敌国的)情报; wield:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等); paintbrush:n.画笔;漆刷;
and that's serious. We're not very bright. We're short on wisdom; we're high on technology. Where's it going to lead? 这是严肃的。我们不是很聪明。我们智慧不足; 我们科技很强。它将走向何方？
Well, inspired by the sentences, I decided to wield the paintbrush. 好,从这些句子中得到灵感,我觉定挥动这个画笔。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
Every 25 years I do a picture. Here's the one -- tries to show that the world isn't getting any bigger. 我每25年画一张图。这是一张-- 试图展示这个世界是不再变大的。
Sort of a timeline , very non-linear scale, nature rates and trilobites and dinosaurs, and eventually we saw some humans with caves ... Birds were flying overhead after pterosaurs . 可以说是一条时间轴,很非线性的刻度,自然比率 三叶虫和恐龙,最后我们看到人类 和山洞...翼龙之后鸟类在头上飞翔。
timeline:n.时间轴,时间线;大事年表; non-linear:adj.非线性的;非直线的; trilobites:n.[古生]三叶虫; eventually:adv.最后,终于; pterosaurs:n.飞龙目;翼手龙(pterosaur的复数形式);
And then we get to the civilization above the little TV set with a gun on it. Then traffic jams, and power systems, and some dots for digital -- where it's going to lead, I have no idea . 然后我们来到了上面有个小电视机和一把枪的 文明世界。然后交通阻塞,能量系统, 和一些点代表数字-它将走向何处,我不知道。
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; I have no idea:我没有头绪…;
And so I just put robotic and natural cockroaches out there, but you can fill in whatever you want. This is not a forecast . 所以我就在那儿放了机器和普通的蟑螂, 但是你可以填上任何你想的东西。这不是一个预测。
robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; cockroaches:n.[昆]蟑螂(cockroach的复数); forecast:n.预测;预报;v.预测;预报;
This is a warning, and we have to think seriously about it. 这是一个警告,我们必须对它进行认真的思考。
And that time when this is happening is not 100 years or 500 years. 而它将发生的时间不是在100年或500年后。
Things are going on this decade, next decade. 这个十年,下个十年一切正在发生。
It's a very short time that we have to decide what we are going to do. 我们必须做出未来做什么的决定,时间很紧迫。
short time:adj.短暂的;快速的(shorttime的变形);
And if we can get some agreement on where we want the world to be -- desirable, sustainable when your kids reach your age -- 假如我们在世界未来的问题上达成一些共识-- 理想的,当你的孩子到你的年龄时还是可持续的--
I think we actually can reach it. Now I said this was a warning not a forecast. That was before -- 我想我们实际上是可以做到的。我说了这是一个警告 不是一个预言。那是以前了--
I painted this before we started in on making robotic versions of hawk moths and cockroaches, and now I'm beginning to wonder seriously, was this more of a forecast than I wanted? 我画了这个之后开始制作机器版的 天蛾和蟑螂,现在我开始认真地思考 这是不是比我想的还更是一个预言呢？
I personally think the surviving intelligent life form on earth is not going to be carbon-based; it's going to be silicon-based. 我个人觉得在地球上生存的智能生命形态 将来不会是以碳为主的;而将是以硅为主。
personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言; intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 life form:n.生物;
And so where it all goes, I don't know. 那么未来会是怎样,我不知道。
The one final bit of sparkle we'll put in at the very end here is an utterly impractical flight vehicle, which is a little ornithopter wing-flapping device that -- rubber band powered that -- We'll show you. 我们最后要在这里呈现的最后一点灵感火花 是一个彻底不切实际的飞行器, 这是一个小的扑翼飞行装置-- 用橡皮筋提供能量--我们会给你看的。
sparkle:v.闪烁;闪耀;生气勃勃;神采飞扬;n.闪烁(或闪耀)的光;生动新颖;亮点; utterly:adv.完全地;绝对地;全然地;彻底地,十足地; impractical:adj.不切实际的,不现实的;不能实行的; device:n.装置;策略;图案; rubber band:n.橡皮筋;胶带;
32 gram. Sorry, one gram. 32克。不好意思,1克。
No more. Last night we gave it a few too many turns and it tried to bash the roof out also. It's about a gram. 不超过1克。昨晚我们发条多转了好几圈 它试图冲出房顶。它大概重一克。
bash:v.猛击,痛击;怒殴;n.猛烈的一击,痛击;
The tube there's hollow , about paper-thin . 管子中空,大约纸张一样薄。
hollow:n.孔; v.挖; adj.中空的; v.彻底; paper-thin:adj.极薄的;
And if this lands on you, I assure you it will not hurt you. 如果它落在你身上,我保证你不会受伤。
assure:vt.保证;担保;使确信;弄清楚;
But if you reach out to grab it or hold it, you will destroy it. 但如果你伸手去抓它或握它,你会毁了它。
grab:v.攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引;n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物;
So, be gentle, just act like a wooden Indian or something. 所以,温柔一点,请小心翼翼对待。
wooden:adj.木制的;木头的;木头似的;死板的
And when it comes down -- and we'll see how it goes. 它飞下来的时候--我们会看到效果怎样。
We consider this to be sort of the spirit of TED. 我们把这看做TED精神的一种。
(Applause) (掌声)
And you wonder, is it practical? And it turns out if I had not been -- 你会想说,它有实际用途吗？原来我没有--
(Laughter) （笑声）
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Unfortunately , we have some light bulb changes. 很不幸,我们要换几个灯泡。
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地; light bulb:n.灯泡;
We can probably get it down, but it's possible it's gone up to a greater destiny up there -- 我们也许可以把它拿下来, 但也可能它在那上面有更好的归宿--
destiny:n.命运,定数,天命;
(Laughter) （笑声）
- than it ever had. And I wanted to make -- -比起它以前有过的归宿。我想--
(Applause) （掌声）
- just -- 就-
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But I want to make just two points. One is, you think it's frivolous; there's nothing to it. And yet if I had not been making ornithopters like that, a little bit cruder , in 1939 -- a long, long time ago -- there wouldn't have been a Gossamer Condor, 但是我想说就两点。一个是,你觉得它无足轻重; 不带任何东西。如果我没有一直从事制作扑翼飞机 像那个一样,稍微再简陋些,1939年--很久很久以前-- 就不会有后来的“游丝秃鹫“,
cruder:adj.粗糙的;天然的,未加工的;粗鲁的(crude的变形);
there wouldn't have been an Albatross, a Solar Challenger, there wouldn't be an Impact car, there wouldn't be a mandate on zero-emission vehicles in California. 就不会有后来的”信天翁”,太阳挑战者”, 就不会有“影响力”汽车,在加州就不会 有交通工具零排放的规定。
mandate:n.授权;命令,指令;委托管理;受命进行的工作;vt.授权;托管; zero-emission:零排放;
A lot of these things -- similar -- would have happened some time, probably a decade later. I didn't realize at the time 很多这类事情--相似的事情--有可能要以后才能发生, 可能十年以后。我在和团队
I was doing inquiry-based, hands on things with teams, like they're trying to get in education systems. 做调查和实践的时候没有意识到, 像他们在教育系统探索一样。
So I think that as a symbol it's important. 所以我想那标志了它很重要。
And I believe that also is important. You can think of it as a sort of a symbol for [unclear] and TED that somehow gets you thinking of technology and nature, and puts it all together in things that are -- 而且我相信那确实重要。你可以把它看做 一种[不清楚]和TED的标志。 像TED让人思考技术和自然, 把它融入了所有--
that make this conference , I think, more important than any that's taken place in this country in this decade. 创造出这个大会的事物当中。我认为,比这个十年 在这个国家发生的任何事情都重要。
conference:n.会议;研讨会;商讨会;体育协会(或联合会)
Thank you. 谢谢。