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PaulHessburg_2017X-_为什么森林火灾越来越严重——我们应该如何阻止_
As you've probably noticed, in recent years, a lot of western forests have burned in large and destructive wildfires . 你们可能已经注意到, 近年来,有很多西部的森林 遭到毁灭性的大型野火摧残。
destructive:adj.破坏的;毁灭性的;有害的,消极的; wildfires:n.野火(wildfire复数);大火灾;鬼火;古时攻打敌船所用的燃料剂;
If you're like me -- this western landscape is actually why my family and I live here. 如果你们和我一样, 像这样的西部风景,就是我和 我的家人会住在这里的原因。
landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
And as a scientist and a father, 身为科学家和父亲,
I've become deeply concerned about what we're leaving behind for our kids, and now my five grandkids . 我非常关切我们会留下什么给 我们的孩子,和我现在的五个孙子。
concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词) grandkids:n.(外)孙;(外)孙女;(grandkid的复数)
In the US, an area that's larger than the state of Oregon has burned in just the last 10 years, and tens of thousands of homes have been destroyed. 在美国,仅在过去十年间, 被火烧毁的面积就比奥勒岗州还大, 数万个家园因此被摧毁。
Oregon:n.俄勒冈州(美国州名);
Acres burned and homes destroyed have steadily increased over the last three decades, and individual fires that are bigger than 100,000 acres -- they're actually on the rise. 过去三十年间,被烧毁的土地面积 和被摧毁的家园数目 一直稳定在增加, 而面积大于十万英亩的个别火灾数目 事实上是在增加的。
steadily:adv.稳定地;稳固地;有规则地; individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
These are what we call "megafires." 我们称这些大火为「超级大火」。
Megafires are the result of the way we've managed this western landscape over the last 150 years in a steadily warming climate. 超级大火发生的原因, 是我们过去 150 年来, 在稳定持续暖化的气候下, 经营这块西部地景的方式。
Much of the destruction that we are currently seeing could actually have been avoided. 我们目前看到的破坏, 其实大多数是本来可以避免的。
destruction:n.破坏,毁灭;摧毁; currently:adv.当前;一般地;
I've spent my entire career studying these western landscapes , and the science is pretty clear: if we don't change a few of our fire-management habits, we're going to lose many more of our beloved forests. 我的整个职涯都在 研究这些西部地景, 科学是非常明确的: 如果不改变我们 管理大火的一些习惯, 我们将会失去更多更多锺爱的森林。
career:n.职业;事业;生涯;经历; landscapes:n.风景; v.从事庭园设计; beloved:adj.心爱的;挚爱的;n.心爱的人;亲爱的教友;
Some won't recover in our lifetime or my kids' lifetime. 有些是在我们一生中, 甚至我们孩子的一生中, 都无法复元的。
It's time we confront some tough truths about wildfires, and come to understand that we need to learn to better live with them and change how they come to our forests, our homes and our communities . 该是时候了,该来面对 关于野火的棘手真相了, 要了解,我们必须学习 和它们共处得更好一些, 并改变它们如何来到我们的森林、 我们的家园、 我们的社区。
confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
So why is this happening? 所以,为什么会发生？
Well, that's what I want to talk to you about today. 这就是今天我想和大家谈的。
You see this forest? 看到这座森林了吗？
Isn't it beautiful? 它很美,不是吗？
Well, the forests that we see today look nothing like the forests of 100 or 150 years ago. 我们现今看到的森林, 一点也不像 100 或 150 年前的森林。
Thankfully , panoramic photos were taken in the 1930s from thousands of western mountaintop lookouts , and they show a fair approximation of the forest that we inherited . 谢天谢地,1930 年代时, 自西部山顶瞭望所 拍摄了数千个全景照片, 靠这些照片,我们可以大略呈现出 我们所继承的森林的样貌。
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; panoramic:adj.[摄]全景的; mountaintop:n.山顶; lookouts:n.监视处;监视员;观察员;(lookout的复数) approximation:n.[数]近似法;接近;[数]近似值; inherited:v.继承(金钱、财产等);接替(责任等);继任;(inherit的过去式和过去分词)
The best word to describe these forests of old is " patchy ." 要形容这些老森林, 最好的词就是「拼凑成的」。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形; patchy:adj.不调和的;拼凑成的;有补丁的;
The historical forest landscape was this constantly evolving patchwork of open and closed canopy forests of all ages, and there was so much evidence of fire. 历史的森林地景, 是不断演化的拼凑之作, 由各种年龄,稀疏与郁闭的 冠层森林拼凑而成, 有好多大火烧过的痕迹。
historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的; constantly:adv.不断地;时常地; evolving:v.(使)逐渐形成,逐渐演变;进化形成;(evolve的现在分词) patchwork:n.拼缝物,拼缀物;混杂物; canopy:n.天篷;华盖;遮篷;苍穹;vt.用天蓬遮盖;遮盖; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
And most fires were pretty small by today's standards . 用现今的标准来看, 大部份的火灾规模都算很小。
standards:n.标准,水平,规格(standard的复数)
And it's important to understand that this landscape was open, with meadows and open canopy forests, and it was the grasses of the meadows and in the grassy understories of the open forest that many of the wildfires were carried. 重要的是要了解这是个稀疏的地景, 有草地,也有稀疏冠层森林; 是草地上的草, 以及稀疏森林中长满草的林下层, 被许多野火烧了过去。
meadows:n.[畜牧]草地;[地理]草甸(meadow的复数); grassy:adj.长满草的;草绿色的; understories:n.下层植物;(understories是understory的复数);
There were other forces at work, too, shaping this historical patchwork: for example, topography , whether a place faces north or south or it's on a ridge top or in a valley bottom; elevation , how far up the mountain it is; 还有其他的力量 形成这个历史上的拼凑物, 比如:地形学,地形朝南或朝北, 是在山脊上或是在谷底; 海拔高度,在山上多高的地方;
topography:n.地势;地形学;地志; ridge:n.山脊;山脉;屋脊;vt.使成脊状;作垄;vi.成脊状; elevation:n.高地;海拔;提高;崇高;正面图;
and weather, whether a place gets a lot of snow and rain, sunlight and warmth. 是否常常下雪或是下雨, 是否有阳光且温暖。
sunlight:n.日光;
These things all worked together to shape the way the forest grew. 所有这些元素加在一起, 造成森林成长的方式。
And the way the forest grew shaped the way fire behaved on the landscape. 而森林成长的方式,就会形成大火在地景上的行为方式。
behaved:v.表现;表现得体;有礼貌;(behave的过去分词和过去式)
There was crosstalk between the patterns and the processes . 在模式和过程之间互相干扰影响。
crosstalk:n.相声;串话干扰,串台; processes:n.过程; v.处理(process的第三人称单数形式);
You can see the new dry forest. 如你所见,左侧是新的干燥森林。
Trees were open grown and fairly far apart. 树木开放成长,且间距算是远的。
fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直;
Fires were frequent here, and when they occurred , they weren't that severe , while further up the mountain, in the moist and the cold forests, trees were more densely grown and fires were less frequent, but when they occurred , they were quite a bit more severe. 大火常常在这里发生, 发生时都不会太严重, 再往山上一点, 中间是潮湿且寒冷的森林, 树木的密度比较高, 比较不常发生大火, 但一旦发生大火, 通常会比较严重一些。
frequent:adj.频繁的;经常发生的;v.常到(某处); occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式) severe:adj.极为恶劣的;十分严重的;严厉的;苛刻的; moist:adj.潮湿的;多雨的;含泪的;n.潮湿; densely:adv.浓密地;密集地;
These different forest types, the environments that they grew in and fire severity -- they all worked together to shape this historical patchwork. 不同类型的森林、它们的生长环境, 以及大火的猛烈程度, 通通作用在一起, 形成了这个历史的拼凑之作。
severity:n.严重;严格;猛烈;
And there was so much power in this patchwork. 在这个拼凑之作当中, 有着非常大的力量。
It provided a natural mechanism to resist the spread of future fires across the landscape. 它提供了一个自然机制, 来抵抗未来的大火, 不让它们在地景上扩散。
provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧; resist:v.抵制;阻挡;反抗;回击;抵抗;忍住;n.防染剂;防蚀用涂料;防腐剂;
Once a patch of forest burned, it helped to prevent the flow of fire across the landscape. 一旦森林其中一块被烧掉, 它能协助防止大火延烧至地景各处。
A way to think about it is, the burned patches helped the rest of the forest to be forest. 可以把它看待成, 森林中被烧毁的那些部份, 能协助维持剩下的森林仍然是森林。
patches:n.斑点;小块;补丁;眼罩;v.打补丁;缝补;修补;(patch的第三人称单数和复数)
Let's add humans to the mix. 让我们混合考量人类的因素。
For 10,000 years, Native Americans lived on this landscape, and they intentionally burned it -- a lot. 美国原住民在这地景上住了一万年, 他们常常会刻意放火,
Native:adj.本国的;土著的;天然的;与生俱来的;天赋的;n.本地人;土产;当地居民; intentionally:adv.故意地,有意地;
They used fire to burn meadows and to thin certain forests so they could grow more food. 用火烧草原,让某些森林变得稀疏, 来种更多的食物。
They used fire to increase graze for the deer and the elk and the bison that they hunted. 他们用火来增加牧草的量, 供猎获的鹿、麋和野牛食用。
graze:vt.放牧;擦伤;vi.吃草;擦伤;n.放牧;轻擦; bison:n.北美野牛;欧洲野牛;
And most importantly , they figured out if they burned in the spring and the fall, they could avoid the out-of-control fires of summer. 最重要的是 他们了解如果在春天和秋天放火, 就能避免夏天失控的大火。
And most importantly:最主要的是…; out-of-control:adj.失控;
European settlement -- it occurred much later, in the mid-1800s, and by the 1880s, livestock grazing was in high gear . 很久之后,欧洲人 于十九世纪中期开始殖民, 1880 年代到达家畜放牧的高点。
settlement:n.协议:处理:结算:定居点; livestock:n.家畜;牲畜; grazing:n.牧场;草场;v."graze"的现在分词; gear:n.齿轮; v.适合;
I mean, if you think about it, the cattle and the sheep ate the grasses which had been the conveyer belt for the historical fires, and this prevented once-frequent fires from thinning out trees and burning up dead wood . 我的意思是,试想牛和羊要吃草, 这些草地曾是史上火灾的输送带, 使得以前频繁的大火 不再能够稀疏树木、烧光枯木。
conveyer:n.[机]输送机;运输器; belt:n.皮带;腰带;传动带;传送带;v.猛击;狠打;飞奔;飞驰; dead wood:n.冗员;废物;
Later came roads and railroads, and they acted as potent firebreaks , interrupting further the flow of fire across this landscape. 然后出现了道路和铁路, 它们成了非常有效的防火道, 进一步阻断大火延烧至地景各处。
potent:adj.有效的;强有力的,有权势的;有说服力的; firebreaks:n.防火线;防火带;防火道;防火障; interrupting:v.插嘴;打扰;打岔;使暂停;使中断;阻断,遮挡;(interrupt的现在分词)
And then something happened which caused a sudden pivot in our society. 接下来发生的事使社会突然转变。
pivot:n.枢轴; vt.以…为中心旋转; vi.在枢轴上转动; adj.枢轴的;
In 1910, we had a huge wildfire. 1910 年,有一场大野火,
It was the size of the state of Connecticut. 大小和康乃迪克州一样大。
We called it "the Big Burn." 我们称之为「大火烧（Big Burn）」。
It stretched from eastern Washington to western Montana , and it burned, in a few days, three million acres, devoured several towns, and it killed 87 people. 它的范围从华盛顿州的东边 一路延伸到蒙大拿州的西边, 几天之内就烧毁了三百万英亩的地, 吞灭了数个小镇,
stretched:v.拉长;撑大;有弹性(或弹力);拉紧;(stretch的过去式和过去分词) eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; Montana:n.蒙大纳(美国州名); devoured:v.狼吞虎咽地吃光;津津有味地看;吞没;毁灭;(devour的过去分词和过去式)
Most of them were firefighters . 大部份是消防员。
firefighters:n.消防队员;(firefighter的复数)
Because of the Big Burn, wildfire became public enemy number one, and this would shape the way that we would think about wildfire in our society for the next hundred years. 这次的大火烧使得野火 成了全民的头号公敌, 塑造我们社会在接下来百年间 对于野火的看法。 对于野火的看法。
public enemy:n.人民公敌;社会公敌;
Thereafter , the Forest Service, just five years young at the time, was tasked with the responsibility of putting out all wildfires on 193 million acres of public lands, and they took this responsibility very seriously. 其后,当时成立才五年的林务局 被赋予重任, 多达 193 百万英亩的面积。 他们非常认真地看待这项责任,
Thereafter:adv.其后;从那时以后;
They developed this unequaled ability to put fires out, and they put out 95 to 98 percent of all fires every single year in the US. 发展出无与伦比的灭火能力, 每年 95% 至 98% 的全美国大火 被他们扑灭掉。
unequaled:adj.无与伦比的;无敌的;
And from this point on, it was now fire suppression and not wildfires that would become a prime shaper of our forests. 从此之后, 扑灭火灾取代了野火, 成为我们森林成形的主要因素。
suppression:n.抑制;镇压;[植]压抑; prime:adj.主要的; v.极好地; n.初期; v.使准备好; shaper:n.[电子]整形器,脉冲整形器;[机]牛头刨床;造型者;塑造者;
After World War II, timber harvesting got going in the west, and the logging removed the large and the old trees. 二次世界大战后, 砍伐原木造成大树和老树消失。
timber:n.木材;木料; logging:n.伐木作业;v.把…载入正式记录;记录;采伐;(log的现在分词)
These were survivors of centuries of wildfires. 它们原是百年来野火下的幸存者。
And the forest filled in. 森林接着填补上来,
Thin-barked, fire-sensitive small trees filled in the gaps , and our forests became dense, with trees so layered and close together that they were touching each other. 对火敏感的薄皮小树木补满了空隙, 我们的森林变成高密度, 树木近近迭在一起,会彼此碰触;
gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式); layered:adj.分层的;层状的;v.分层堆积;用压条法培植(layer的过去分词);
So fires were unintentionally blocked by roads and railroads, the cattle and sheep ate the grass, then along comes fire suppression and logging, removing the big trees, and you know what happened? 道路和铁路无意间阻断火的蔓延; 牛和羊吃草; 接着而来的人为灭火、 伐木和砍掉大树, 你们可知道发生了什么事？
unintentionally:adv.无意地;非故意地;非存心地;
All these factors worked together to allow the forest to fill in, creating what I call the current epidemic of trees. 所有这些因素一起作用, 森林填补了间隙, 造成我称为「目前树木泛滥的疫情」。
factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的;
(Laughter) （笑声）
Go figure. 去想想吧。
(Laughter) （笑声）
More trees than the landscape can support. 树木的数量远超过 地景能够支持的量。
So when you compare what forests looked like 100 years ago and today, the change is actually remarkable . 因此,比较百年前和现今的森林, 改变其实很惊人。
compare:v.比较;对比;n.比较; remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
Notice how the patchwork has filled in. 注意看拼凑之作是怎么被填补的。
Dry south slopes -- they're now covered with trees. 原本干燥的南面山坡 现在被树木覆盖满了。
slopes:n.倾斜,斜坡;[数]斜率;山坡翱(slope的复数形式);
A patchwork that was once sculptured by mostly small and sort of medium-sized fires has filled in. 曾经主要由中小型的火灾 所塑成的拼凑之作 已经被填补满了。
sculptured:adj.用刻纹装饰的;具刻纹的;v.雕刻;用雕塑装饰(sculpture的过去式); medium-sized:adj.中型的,中等大小的;普通型的;
Do you see the blanket of trees? 看到树木的覆盖层了吗？
After just 150 years, we have a dense carpet of forest. 仅仅经过 150 年, 已经有了一片高密度的森林。
carpet:n.地毯;v.用地毯铺(房间的)地板;
But there's more. 还不只如此。
Because trees are growing so close together, and because tree species , tree sizes and ages are so similar across large areas, fires not only move easily from acre to acre, but now, so do diseases and insect outbreaks , which are killing or reducing the vitality of really large sections of forest now. 因为树木生长的距离非常近, 因为长在大片区域中的树木, 种类、尺寸、年龄都太相似, 火势不但很容易从 一英亩延烧到下一英亩, 发生的疾病和昆虫疫情 也一样容易传播, 因此造成现在的森林 大片区域地死亡或衰弱。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类; diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类; outbreaks:n.(战争的)爆发;(疾病的)发作;vi.爆发; vitality:n.活力,生气;生命力,生动性;
And after a century without fire, dead branches and downed trees on the forest floor, they're at powder-keg levels. 一整个世纪没有火灾之后, 在森林地面上的枯枝和倒树 处在一触即发的层级。
What's more, our summers are getting hotter and they're getting drier and they're getting windier. 此外,夏天越来越热, 越来越干燥, 风也越来越大 。
And the fire season is now 40 to 80 days longer each year. 如今每年的火季长了 40~80 天。
Because of this, climatologists are predicting that the area burned since 2000 will double or triple in the next three decades. 因此,气候学家预测, 自 2000 年起烧掉区域的面积, 在接下来三十年间会 变为两倍或三倍。
climatologists:n.气候学家; predicting:v.预言;预告;预报;(predict的现在分词) triple:adj.三部分的; n.三倍的数[量]; v.成为三倍;
And we're building houses in the middle of this. 而我们在这其中盖房子。
Two recently published studies tell us that more than 60 percent of all new housing starts are being built in this flammable and dangerous mess . 两份近期发布的研究告诉我们, 超过 60% 的新住房 被建筑在这种可燃且危险的地方。
recently:adv.最近;新近; flammable:adj.易燃的;可燃的;可燃性的;n.易燃物; mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
So when we do get a fire, large areas can literally go up in smoke . 所以一旦发生火灾, 会有大片的面积化为灰烬。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: go up in smoke:化为乌有;被烧光;
How do you feel now about the forest image that I first showed you? 现在你们对于我一开始 让各位看的那张森林图片 感觉如何？
It scares the heck out of me. 它把我吓坏了。
heck:n.(英口)同"hell",表示略微烦恼或吃惊;
So what do we do? 我们应该怎么做？
We need to restore the power of the patchwork. 我们得要恢复拼凑之作的力量。
restore:v.恢复;修复;恢复(某种情况或感受);使复原;
We need to put the right kind of fire back into the system again. 我们得要把「对」的那种火 再次放回到系统当中。
It's how we can resize the severity of many of our future fires. 这种方式能让我们改变 许多未来火灾的严重程度。
resize:vt.调整大小;
And the silver lining is that we have tools and we have know-how to do this. 让人感到欣慰的是 也有该怎么做的实际知识。
silver:n.银; v.给…镀(或包)银; adj.银色的; know-how:n.诀窍;实际知识;专门技能;
Let's look at some of the tools. 咱们来看看其中一些工具。
We can use prescribed burning to intentionally thin out trees and burn up dead fuels. 我们可以用计画性火烧（控制烧除） 并烧尽可燃物。
prescribed:v.给…开(药); (prescribe的过去式和过去分词)
We do this to systematically reduce them and keep them reduced. 这么做可以系统性地减少 并保持它们于少量。
systematically:adv.有系统地;有组织地;
And what is that going to do? 那会有什么结果？
It's going to create already-burned patches on the landscape that will resist the flow of future fires. 那会在地景上创造出 已经烧光的区块, 能够防止未来大火的窜烧。
We can combine mechanical thinning with some of these treatments where it's appropriate to do so, and capture some commercial value and perhaps underwrite some of these treatments, especially around urban areas. 我们可以把机械式的稀疏做法 和这类处理方式结合, 在适当的情况下这么做, 并获得一些商業价值, 也许还能承保这类处理方式, 特别是在都市地区。
mechanical:adj.机械的;力学的;呆板的;无意识的;手工操作的; treatments:n.治疗;疗法;对待;处理;讨论;(treatment的复数) appropriate:adj.适当的;恰当的;v.占用,拨出; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; underwrite:vt.给...保险;承诺支付;签在...下;vi.经营保险业;
And the best news of all is that prescribed burning produces so much less smoke than wildfires do. 最好的消息是计画性火烧所产生的烟 远远少于野火产生的烟。
It's not even close. 差距很大。
But there's a hitch : prescribed burning smoke is currently regulated under air quality rules as an avoidable nuisance . 但有个问题: 依目前空气品质规定的规范, 计画性火烧的烟是可避免的妨碍行为。
hitch:n.故障; vt.搭便车; vi.被钩住; regulated:v.约束,控制,管理;(regulate的过去式和过去分词) air quality:n.空气质量; avoidable:adj.可避免的;可作为无效的;可回避的; nuisance:n.麻烦事;讨厌的人(或东西);妨害行为;
But wildfire smoke? 但野火的烟呢？
It simply gets a pass. 它没被规范。
Makes sense, doesn't it? (Laughs) 合理吗？（笑声）
So you know what happens? 所以会发生什么事？
We do far too little prescribed burning, and we continually eat smoke in the summers from megafires. 我们计画性的火烧做得太少了, 因而使我们在夏天 持续吸入来自超级大火的烟。
continually:adv.不断地;频繁地;
We all need to work together to get this changed. 我们得要同心协力来改变这一点。
And finally , there's managed wildfires. 最后,还有管制野火。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
Instead of putting all the fires out, we need to put some of them back to work thinning forests and reducing dead fuels. 不要扑灭所有的野火, 得要让其中一些继续烧下去, 让森林变稀疏,减少干枯的可燃物。
We can herd them around the landscape when it's appropriate to do so to help restore the power of the patchwork. 我们可以在地景上「放牧」野火, 在适当的情况下这样做, 就能协助恢复拼凑之作的力量。
herd:n.兽群,畜群;放牧人;vi.成群,聚在一起;vt.放牧;使成群;
And as you've probably figured out by now, this is actually a social problem. 现在你们可能已经想通了, 这其实是个社会问题。
It's got ecological and climate explanations, but it's a social problem, and it will take us humans to solve it. 它的确有生态上和气候上的解释, 但它是个社会问题, 需要我们人类来解决。
ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的;
Public support for these tools is poor. 没有多少大众支持这些工具。
Prescribed burning and managed wildfires are not well-supported. 计画性火烧和管制野火 并没有受到很好的支持。
We actually all simply want fires to magically go away and take that pesky smoke with them, don't we? 事实上我们只想要大火 神奇地自己熄灭掉, 也一併带走讨厌的烟,对吧？
magically:adv.用魔法地;如魔法般地; pesky:adj.讨厌的;麻烦的;adv.极端;
But there is no future without lots of fire and lots of smoke. 但未来不可能没有 多场火灾和很多的烟。
That option is actually not on the table. 其实桌面上并没有这选项。
option:n.选择;可选择的东西;
Until we, the owners of public lands, make it our high priority to do something about the current situation, we're going to experience continued losses to megafires. 直到公共土地的所有者 针对目前的情况行动, 不然我们就会继续经历 超级大火造成的损失。
priority:n.优先;优先权;[数]优先次序;优先考虑的事;
So it's up to us. 所以,决定权在我们的手上。
We can spread this message to our lawmakers , folks who can help us manage our fires and our forests. 241 00:13:45,500 --> 00:13:47,322 If we're unsuccessful , where will you go to play when your favorite places are burned black? 我们可以把这讯息传给立法者, 给那些能够协助我们 管制大火和森林的人。 如果我们没能成功, 当你最喜欢的地方被烧到焦黑时, 你要到哪里去玩？
lawmakers:立法者(lawmaker的复数); unsuccessful:adj.不成功的;失败的;
Where will you go to breathe deep and slow? 你要去哪里 缓慢地深呼吸？
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）