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PaulDebevec_2009X-_动态化人物面部表情捕捉_
One of the biggest challenges in computer graphics has been being able to create a photo-real, digital human face. 计算机图形制作面临的巨大挑战之一 是如何制作一个真实的 人物面部表情。
graphics:n.[测]制图学;制图法;图表算法; digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键;
And one of the reasons it is so difficult is that, unlike aliens and dinosaurs, we look at human faces every day. 不像外星人和恐龙,它之所以如此困难的原因是 我们每天都会看到人的面部表情
They are very important to how we communicate with each other. 面部表情对我们非常重要,因为我们通过表情来彼此沟通
As a result , we're tuned in to the subtlest things that could possibly be wrong with a computer rendering , in order to believe whether these things are realistic . 由此可见我们会注意那些非常微妙的东西 通过计算机直接渲染出来的很可能是不正确的 更无法使人相信这些是真实的
As a result:结果; tuned:v.(为乐器)调音,校音;调整,调节(发动机);调频道(tune的过去分词和过去式) subtlest:微妙的;敏锐的;不明显的;精细的(subtle的最高级); rendering:n.演奏;扮演;表演;翻译作品;v.使成为;给予;提供;回报;(render的现在分词) realistic:adj.现实的;现实主义的;逼真的;实在论的;
And what I'm going to do in the next five minutes is I'm going to take you through a process where we tried to create a reasonably photo-realistic computer-generated face, 在接下来的5分钟里面 我将带领大家一起浏览一个流程 来通过计算机创造一个写实的人物表情
process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; reasonably:adv.合理地;相当地;适度地; photo-realistic:逼真的; computer-generated:adj.计算机产生的;电脑生成的;
using some computer graphics technology we've developed, and also some collaborators at a company called Image Metrics . 通过我们开发的一系列计算机图形技术 同时和一些来自Image Metrics公司的伙伴
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; collaborators:n.[劳经]合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数); Metrics:n.度量;作诗法;韵律学;
And we're going to try to do a photo-real face of an actress named Emily O'Brien, who is right there. 我们将尝试制作一个写实的 名叫艾米丽(Emily O*Brien)的女演员的表情,她就在那儿。
And that's actually a completely computer-generated rendering of her face. 那实际上是一个完全由计算机渲染生成的她的面部头像。
By the end of the talk, we're going to see it move. 在讲座的结尾,我们将看到她动起来
The way that we did this is we tried to start with Emily herself, who was gracious enough to come to our laboratory in Marina Del Rey, and sit for a session in Light Stage 5. 我们尝试的方式是通过Emily她自己 她非常优雅高尚地进入我们的实验室 在玛丽安德尔湾,并坐到了我们的设备灯光舞台5当中
gracious:adj.亲切的;高尚的;和蔼的;雅致的;int.天哪;哎呀; laboratory:n.实验室,研究室; Marina:n.码头,[船]小艇船坞;散步道; session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会;
This is a face-scanning sphere , with 156 white LEDs all around, that allow us to photograph her in a series of very controlled illumination conditions. 这是一个面部扫描球体,有156个白色的发光二极管分部在其中, 配合我们对她进行拍照 通过一系列严格控制的光照条件
sphere:n.球;领域;球体;球形;v.使成球形;包围;把…放在球内;使处于天体之间; LEDs:v.领导;通向;指引(lead的过去分词); series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; illumination:n.照明;[光]照度;启发;灯饰(需用复数);阐明;
And the lighting that we use these days looks something like this. 我们近期使用的光照方式看起来是这样的。
We shoot all of these photographs in about three seconds. 我们在三秒钟之内拍摄出全部这些照片。
And we basically capture enough information with video projector patterns that drape over the contours of her face, and different principle directions of light from the light stage, to figure out both the coarse-scale and the fine-scale detail of her face. 我们主要地会采集足量的信息 通过图像投影模拟出她的面部轮廓 以及通过灯光舞台得到的不同角度光照条件下的数据 来计算出粗略的骨骼模型 以及她的精细的面部细节模型数据
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 projector:n.[仪]投影仪;放映机;探照灯;设计者; drape:vt.用布帘覆盖;使呈褶裥状;vi.成褶皱状垂下;n.窗帘;褶裥; contours:n.轮廓(contour的复数); v.画等高线; principle:n.原理,原则;主义,道义;本质,本义;根源,源泉;
If we zoom in on this photograph right here, we can see it's a really nice photograph to have of her, because she is lit from absolutely everywhere at the same time to get a nice image of her facial texture . 如果我们看放大的这张照片 我们可以很清晰地看到她的面部细节 因为她的面部被同时从每个角度完全地照亮了 来得到一份非常高质量的她的面部表情贴图
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时; facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; texture:n.质地;纹理;结构;本质,实质;
And in addition, we've actually used polarizers on all the lights -- just like polarized sunglasses can block the glare off of the road, polarizers can block the shine off of the skin, so we don't get all those specular reflections to take this map. 并且,我们实际上在所有灯上面应用了偏振镜 就如同偏振的太阳镜可以阻挡 马路上的耀眼光斑 偏振镜可以组织皮肤上出现光芒 所以我们没有采集到这些贴图的高光反射部分
polarized:v.(使)两极化,截然对立; (polarize的过去分词和过去式) specular:adj.镜子的;会反射的;镜子一般的; reflections:n.映像;(声、光、热等的)反射;反映;显示;表达;(reflection的复数)
Now, if we turn the polarizers around just a little bit, we can actually bring that specular reflection of the skin back in, and you can see she looks kind of shiny and oily at this point. 现在,如果我们稍微调整一下偏振镜 我们就可以得到高光的反射 在皮肤上面 并且,你会看到她的面部看起来有些闪耀和油光。
shiny:adj.闪亮的;光亮的;反光的;有光泽的; oily:adj.油的;油质的;油滑的;油腔滑调的;
If you take the difference between these two images here, you can get an image lit from the entire sphere of light of just the shine off of Emily's skin. 如果你取一下两张图像的差 你得到的合成图像就是360度的光照条件下 艾米丽(Emily)皮肤的光照效果
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
I don't think any photograph like this had ever been taken before we had done this. 我认为没有任何图像会这样拍摄 在我们这样做之前。
And this is very important light to capture, because this is the light that reflects off the first surface of the skin. 采集光照信息是非常重要的, 因为光照会反射出皮肤表面的最上一层
reflects:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;(reflect的第三人称单数)
It doesn't get underneath the translucent layers of the skin and blur out. 它不会出现在下层半透明层, 它会模糊掉。
underneath:prep.在…的下面;在…的支配下;n.下面;底部;adj.下面的;底层的; translucent:adj.透明的;半透明的; layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数) blur:v.涂污;使…模糊不清;使暗淡;玷污;n.污迹;模糊不清的事物;
And, as a result, it's a very good cue to the detailed shape of the skin-pore structure and all of the fine wrinkles that all of us have, the things that actually make us look like real humans. 由此可见,它是一个很好的线索 来获得皮肤细致的毛孔结构 以及我们都有的皮肤褶皱细节的全部, 实际上,这些都使得它看起来更接近人类的真实效果。
cue:n.暗示;提示;信号;(戏剧的)提示;v.给(某人)暗示(或提示); structure:n.结构;构造;建筑物;vt.组织;构成;建造; wrinkles:n.皱纹;皱痕;v.起皱纹;皱起;(使)起皱褶;(wrinkle的第三人称单数和复数)
So, if we use information that comes off of this specular reflection we can go from a traditional face scan that might have the gross contours of the face and the basic shape, and augment it with information that puts in all of that skin pore structure and fine wrinkles. 如果,我们使用来自高光反射的信息 我们可以通过传统的面部扫描而 得到面部的粗略的轮廓和基本的形状, 同时输入大量的信息 皮肤的毛孔结构和纹理特征
traditional:传统的,惯例的, gross:adj.总共的;粗野的;恶劣的;显而易见的;v.总共收入;n.总额,总数; augment:vi.增加;增大;vt.增加;增大;n.增加;增大; pore:vi.细想;凝视;熟读;n.气孔;小孔;vt.使注视;
And, even more importantly, since this is a photometric process that only takes three seconds to capture, we can shoot Emily in just part of an afternoon, in many different facial poses and facial expressions . 更重要的是, 因为这是基于照片建模的流程而我们只采集了3秒钟的照片数据 我们可以用一下午的时间 拍艾米丽(Emily), 拍摄不同的面部姿态和表情变化。
poses:姿势; expressions:表达,表情(expression的复数)
So, here you can see her moving her eyes around, moving her mouth around. 这里,你可以看到她转动眼睛,嘴巴的开合。
And these we're actually going to use to create a photo-real digital character. 这些,实际上都会被我们用来创造数字虚拟的写实人物。
If you take a look at these scans that we have of Emily, you can see that the human face does an enormous amount of amazing things as it goes into different facial expressions. 来看一下这些我们对艾米丽(Emily)进行的扫描 你会看到我们人类面部表情是千变万化的 在不同的面部表情变换之中
take a look at:看一看;检查; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
You can see things. Not only the face shape changes, but all sorts of different skin buckling and skin wrinkling occurs . 你会看到,不仅仅是面部形态发生变化 以及各种各样的皮肤的弧线和皮肤上的褶皱出现。
buckling:n.[力]屈曲; v.把…扣紧; wrinkling:n.(皮肤)起皱纹;v.起皱纹;皱起;(使)起皱褶;(wrinkle的现在分词) occurs:v.重现(occur的第三人称单数);
You can see that the skin pore structure changes enormously from stretched skin pores , to the regular skin texture. 你可以看到皮肤毛孔结构也有着巨大的变化 从被拉伸的皮肤毛孔, 到普通的皮肤质地
enormously:adv.巨大地,庞大地;非常地,在极大程度上; stretched:v.拉长;撑大;有弹性(或弹力);拉紧;(stretch的过去式和过去分词) pores:n.[陶瓷]气孔;毛穴(pore的复数);v.注视;熟读;沉思(pore的第三人称单数);
You can see the furrows in the brow and how the microstructure changes there. 你可以看到前额眉骨那里细微的变化。
furrows:n.皱纹;沟纹(furrow的复数);v.在…开沟;使起皱纹(furrow的三单形式); brow:n.额头;山脊;坡顶; microstructure:n.微观结构;[生物]显微结构;
You can see muscles pulling down at flesh to bring her eyebrows down. 你可以看到肌肉的收缩在她皱眉的时候。
muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数); flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖; eyebrows:n.眉;眉毛;(eyebrow的复数)
Her muscles bulging in her forehead when she winces like that. 她前额的肌肉会这样的膨胀,在她畏惧的时候。
bulging:adj.鼓起的;隆起的;v.充满;塞满;凸出;鼓胀;(bulge的现在分词) forehead:n.前额; winces:vi.畏缩,退避;n.畏缩;脸部肌肉的抽搐;
In addition to this kind of high-resolution geometry , since it's all captured with cameras, we've got a great texture map to use for the face. 对于这样高分辨率的几何体, 因为这些都通过照相机采集,我们有足够的她的面部表情贴图。
In addition to:除…之外; high-resolution:n.高分辨率; geometry:n.几何学;几何结构; captured:adj.捕获的;被俘的;v.捕获;占领;引起;(capture的过去式和过去分词)
And by looking at how the different color channels of the illumination, the red and the green and the blue, diffuse the light differently, we can come up with a way of shading the skin in the computer. 通过颜色和亮度不同的通道, 红绿蓝色彩通道 受光照不同的漫反射 我们可以通过计算机总结出为皮肤添加阴影的方式。
diffuse:adj.弥漫的;散开的;v.扩散;传播;漫射; come up with:提出;想出;赶上; shading:n.(绘画的)明暗法; v.给…遮挡(光线); (shade的现在分词)
Then, instead of looking like a plaster mannequin , it actually looks like it's made out of living human flesh. 那么,不同于看起来如同石膏像的假人, 她看起来如同人类一样鲜活。
plaster:n.石膏;灰泥;膏药;v.减轻;粘贴;涂以灰泥;敷以膏药;使平服; mannequin:n.人体模型;服装模特儿;
And this is what we used to give to the company Image Metrics to create a rigged , digital version of Emily. 这就是我们使用的 为Image Metrics公司 制作的写实的数字虚拟人物Emily。
rigged:v.操纵,控制;(给船只)装帆;(秘密地)安装,装配;(rig的过去分词和过去式)
We're just seeing the coarse-scale geometry here. 这里,我们看看一下粗糙的几何模型
But they basically created a digital puppet of her, where you can pull on these various strings , and it actually moves her face in ways that are completely consistent with the scans that we took. 但他们已经对她创建了一些基本的数据程式, 你可以拖拽这些不同的坐标, 它实际上运动的方式就会依照 我们扫描出的数据那样。
puppet:n.木偶;傀儡; strings:一串,悬挂(string的第三人称单数和复数) consistent:adj.始终如一的,一致的;坚持的;
And, in addition to the coarse-scale geometry, they also used all of that detail to create a set of what are called " displacement maps" 并且,对于这个基本模型, 他们也使用了全部的细节 来创建一些列的置换贴图
displacement:n.取代,位移;[船]排水量;
that animate as well. 同样可以对其进行动画设置。
animate:vt.使有生气;使活泼;鼓舞;推动;adj.有生命的;
these are the displacement maps here. 这里是一些置换贴图
And you can see those different wrinkles actually show up as she animates . 同时你可以看到不同的褶皱出现在她的动画之中。
animates:vt.使有生气;使活泼;鼓舞;推动;adj.有生命的;
So the next process was then to animate her. 所以,接下来的步骤是对她进行动画设置。
We actually used one of her own performances to provide the source data. 我们实际上应用她自身的表演作为源数据。
performances:n.演出;[法]履行(performance的复数形式); source:n.来源;水源;原始资料;
So, by analyzing this video with computer vision techniques , they were able to drive the facial rig with the computer-generated performance. 通过计算机视觉技术来分析这些视频, 他们可以驱动表情的变化 通过计算机的预置效果生成。
analyzing:adj.分析的;v.分析(analyze的现在分词); vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
So what you're going to see now, after this, is a completely photo-real digital face. 所以,我们将看到,通过这一切处理, 是一个完全写实的数字话面部。
We can turn the volume up a little bit if that's available. 我们可以开大一点声音,如果可以的话。
volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
Emily: Image Metrics is a markerless, performance-driven animation company. Emily:Image Metrics是一家追求高效的动画公司
animation:n.活泼,生气;激励;卡通片绘制;
We specialize in high-quality facial animation for video games and films. 我们致力于制作高质量的面部表情动画 为视频游戏和电影。
specialize in:专门研究…; high-quality:adj.高质量的;
Image Metrics is a markerless, performance-driven animation company. Image Metrics是一家追求高效动画的公司。
We specialize in high quality facial animation for video games and films. 我们致力于制作高质量的面部表情动画 为视频游戏和电影。
Paul Debevec: So, if we break that down into layers, here's that diffuse component we saw in the first slide. 保罗·德贝维奇:如果我们把它分解到各个层,这是漫反射部分 我们在第一张幻灯片里面看到的。
component:n.成分;部件;组成部分;adj.构成的;
Here is the specular component animating . 这是高光部分的动画。
animating:adj.活泼的;v.使具活力;把…制作成动画片;(animate的现在分词)
You can see all the wrinkles happening there. 你们可以看到各处皮肤褶皱的出现。
And there is the underlying wireframe mesh . 这是原始的线框结构层。
underlying:adj.根本的; v.构成…的基础; (underlie的现在分词) wireframe:n.线框; mesh:n.网格;网状物;陷阱;困境;圈套;v.(使)吻合,相配,匹配,适合;
And that is Emily herself. 那是Emily她自己。
Now, where are we going with this here? 现在,我们接下来会做些什么？
We've gone a little bit beyond Light Stage 5. This is Light Stage 6. 我们已经有了高于灯光舞台5的装置设备。这是灯光舞台6.
And we're looking at taking this technology and applying it to whole human bodies. 我们期望将这一技术 应用到人的全身。
applying:v.申请,请求;使用;应用;(apply的现在分词)
This is Bruce Lawmen , one of our researchers in the group, who graciously agreed to get captured running in the Light Stage. 这是布鲁斯 劳曼,我们研发团队中的一位, 非常乐意配合我们采集他在灯光舞台中跑步的数据。
Lawmen:n.执法者;警官;警察; graciously:adv.和蔼地;仁慈地;雅致地;
And let's take a look at a computer-generated version of Bruce, running in a new environment. 下面让我们看一下计算机生成的 布鲁斯的影像,在一个全新的环境中跑步。
And thank you very much. 非常感谢。
(Applause) （掌声）