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PatrickAwuah_2007G-_领袖型人才的培养_
Like many of you here, I am trying to contribute towards a renaissance in Africa. 像在座的很多人一样,我一直在不懈地 为实现非洲的复兴而努力。
contribute:v.贡献,出力;投稿;捐献; renaissance:n.文艺复兴(欧洲14至17世纪);
The question of transformation in Africa really is a question of leadership. 非洲要实现转型的 关键是领导力。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
Africa can only be transformed by enlightened leaders. 只有开明的领导者才能改变非洲。
transformed:v.使改变形态;使改变外观(或性质);(transform的过去分词和过去式) enlightened:adj.开明的; v.启发; (enlighten的过去分词和过去式)
And it is my contention that the manner in which we educate our leaders is fundamental to progress on this continent . 我的论点是, 我们教育培养领袖型人才的模式是 这个大陆进步的基础。
contention:n.争论,争辩;争夺;论点; fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
I want to tell you some stories that explain my view. 我想给你们讲一些故事,来解释我的观点。
We all heard about the importance of stories yesterday. 我们昨天都听说了故事的重要性。
An American friend of mine, this year, volunteered as a nurse in Ghana. 我的一个美国朋友,今年,到加纳去做一名志愿护士。
volunteered:v.自愿做;义务做;自愿参军;(volunteer的过去分词和过去式)
And in a period of three months, she came to a conclusion about the state of leadership in Africa that had taken me over a decade to reach. 3个月后,她得出一个 我用了十多年的时间才明白的 关于非洲的领袖人才的状态的结论。
conclusion:n.结论;结局;推论;
Twice she was involved in surgeries where they lost power at the hospital. 有两次,她参与的手术过程中 医院停电了,
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) surgeries:n.外科手术(surgery复数);
The emergency generators did not start -- there was not a flashlight, not a lantern, not a candle. 紧急发电机没有启动, 也没有手电筒,没有手提灯,甚至连一支蜡烛都没有。
emergency:n.紧急情况;突发事件;非常时刻;adj.紧急的;备用的; generators:n.[电]发电机;[计]生成器(generator的复数);
Pitch black. 漆黑一片！
Pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
The patient 's cut open -- twice. 两次都是患者的开刀伤口还打开在的时候。
patient:adj.有耐心的,能容忍的;n.病人;患者;
The first time it was a C-section . 第一次是剖腹产。
C-section:n.剖腹产;
Thankfully , baby was out -- mother and child survived. 谢天谢地,幸好婴儿当时已经出来了,后来母子平安。
Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地;
The second time was a procedure that involved local anesthesia . 第二次手术包括局部麻醉,
procedure:n.步骤;手术;(商业、法律或政治上的)程序; anesthesia:n.麻醉;麻木(等于anaesthesia);
Anesthetic wears off. The patient feels pain. 停电的时候麻醉逐渐消失,患者感到疼痛。
Anesthetic:adj.麻醉的;感觉缺失的;n.麻醉剂,麻药;
He's crying. He's screaming. He's praying. 他哭喊,尖叫,祈祷。
Pitch black. Not a candle, not a flashlight. 漆黑一片！没有蜡烛,没有手电筒！
And that hospital could have afforded flashlights. 而其实那个医院应该是可以提供手电筒的,
afforded:vt.给予,提供;买得起;
They could have afforded to purchase these things, but they didn't. 他们有那个钱去买这些东西,但是他们没有。
purchase:n.购买;采购;购买的东西;购买项目;v.购买;采购;
And it happened twice. 而且这种现象发生了两次。
Another time, she watched in horror as nurses watched a patient die because they refused to give her oxygen that they had. 另外一次,她无比惊恐地和护士们一起眼睁睁地看着一个病人死去, 因为他们拒绝给病人输氧气,而医院是有氧气的。
horror:n.恐惧;厌恶;震惊;对某事物的强烈畏惧(或憎恨);
And so, three months later, just before she returned to the United States, nurses in Accra go on strike. 因此,3个月后, 就在她回美国前, 阿克拉医院的护士举行罢工。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
And her recommendation is take this opportunity to fire everyone, start all over again. 她的建议是, 抓住这个机会把所有人解雇,从头再来。
recommendation:n.推荐;介绍;提议;正式建议;
Start all over again. 从头再来！
Now what does this have to do with leadership? 那么,这个故事和领导力有什么关系？
have to do with:与…有关;
You see, the faults of the ministry of health, the hospital administrators , the doctors, the nurses -- they are among just 5 percent of their peers who get an education after secondary school . 你知道吗,这些错误来自于卫生部, 医院的管理人员,医生,和护士—— 而他们是同龄人中的百分之五的精英, 只有他们接受了中学以上的教育。
ministry:n.(政府的)部门; administrators:n.[管理]管理员;完全程序(administrator的复数形式); peers:n.平辈,同事(peer的复数);v.凝视;比得上(peer的三单形式); secondary school:中等学校;
They are the elite . They are our leaders. 他们是中流砥柱,是我们的领导者。
elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
Their decisions, their actions matter. 他们的决定和行为都举足轻重。
And when they fail, a nation, literally , suffers. 如果他们不行,整个民族,不夸张地说,都受连累。
literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地:
So when I speak of leadership, 因此我所说的领导力,
I'm not talking about just political leaders. 并不是只局限于政界领袖。
We've heard a lot about that. 那些东西我们已经听得太多了,
I'm talking about the elite. 我说的是社会精英层人才,
Those who've been trained. 那些接受了教育的人,
Whose job it is to be the guardians of their society. 那些应该以社会督导为职业的人。
guardians:n.保护人,[法]监护人(guardian的复数形式);
The lawyers, the judges, the policemen, the doctors, the engineers, the civil servants -- those are the leaders. 律师,法官,警察,医生, 工程师,公务员…… 他们都是领导,
civil:adj.公民的;民间的;文职的;有礼貌的;根据民法的; servants:n.仆人;服务员(servant的复数);
And we need to train them right. 我们应该正确地培养他们。
Now, my first pointed and memorable experience with leadership in Ghana occurred when I was 16 years old. 关于在加纳的领导力问题,我第一次难忘的经历 发生在我16岁的时候。
memorable:adj.显著的,难忘的;值得纪念的; occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式)
We had just had a military coup , and soldiers were pervasive in our society. 那时候我们国家刚刚发生了军事政变, 社会上到处都是士兵。
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; coup:n.政变; v.使…颠倒; pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
They were a pervasive presence . 到处都是。
presence:n.存在;出席;参加;风度;仪态;
And one day I go to the airport to meet my father, and as I walk up this grassy slope from the car park to the terminal building, 一天我去机场去接我爸爸, 我正从停车场沿着草坡 向航站楼走,
airport:n.机场;航空港; grassy:adj.长满草的;草绿色的; slope:n.斜坡;坡度;坡地;山坡;v.倾斜;有坡度;悄悄地走;潜行; terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的;
I'm stopped by two soldiers wielding AK-47 assault weapons. 两个拿着AK-47机关枪的士兵拦住了我,
wielding:v.拥有,运用,行使,支配(权力等);(wield的现在分词) assault:v.袭击;殴打;威胁;非议;(assault的现在分词)
And they asked me to join a crowd of people that were running up and down this embankment . 他们命令我加入一群人 在堤坝上跑上跑下。
embankment:n.路堤;堤防;
Why? Because the path I had taken was considered out of bounds . 为什么？因为我刚才走的路是禁止入内的。
out of bounds:adj.禁止入内的;不得越过的;adv.界外;
No sign to this affect. 而其实并没有禁止入内的标志。
Now, I was 16. I was very worried about what my peers at school might think if they saw me running up and down this hill. 那时我16岁,很担心 学校的同学会笑话我, 如果他们看到我在山坡上跑上跑下。
I was especially concerned of what the girls might think. 我尤其担心女孩儿们会怎么想。
especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词)
And so I started to argue with these men. 于是我和这些士兵争执。
It was a little reckless , but, you know, I was 16. 那确实有点鲁莽,但是,你知道,我才16岁。
reckless:adj.鲁莽的,不顾后果的;粗心大意的;
I got lucky. 我很幸运。
A Ghana Airways pilot falls into the same predicament . 一个加纳航空的飞行员也陷入了同样的困境。
Airways:n.航空公司;广播频道; predicament:n.窘况,困境;状态;
Because of his uniform they speak to him differently, and they explain to him that they're just following orders. 因为他穿着飞行员制服,那些士兵对他说话的态度有点不一样, 还向他解释他们只是执行命令。
uniform:adj.统一的;一致的;相同的;始终如一的;n.制服;v.使穿制服;使成一样;
So he takes their radio, talks to their boss, and gets us all released . 所以飞行员拿过他们的对讲机,跟他们的上司讲话, 然后我们都被释放了。
released:v.释放;使免除;已发布;(release的过去分词和过去式)
What lessons would you take from an experience like this? 你从类似这种经历当中能领悟到什么？
Several, for me. 对我来说,我领悟到下面几点:
Leadership matters. Those men are following the orders of a superior officer. 领导才能很重要。那些士兵们是在遵从 一个上级官员的命令。
superior:n.上级;上司;adj.(在品质上)更好的;占优势的;更胜一筹的;
I learned something about courage. 我还学会了要有勇气。
It was important not to look at those guns. 不被那些枪吓倒是很重要的。
And I also learned that it can be helpful to think about girls. 而且我还懂得了想一想女孩儿也是有帮助的。
(Laughter) （观众笑）
So a few years after this event, I leave Ghana on a scholarship to go to Swarthmore College for my education. 后来,这件事的几年后,我拿到奖学金离开加纳 去斯沃斯莫尔(Swarthmore)文理学院接受教育,
scholarship:n.奖学金;学问;学识;学术成就;
It was a breath of fresh air . 真是耳目一新。
breath of fresh air:呼吸新鲜空气;使人耳目一新,带来新鲜感;
You know, the faculty there didn't want us to memorize information and repeat back to them, as I was used to back in Ghana. 你知道,那里的教员不让我们去死记硬背, 不像以前我在加纳所习惯的一样。
faculty:n.科,系;能力;全体教员; memorize:v.记住;记忆;
They wanted us to think critically . 他们培养我们有辨析批判性地思考,
critically:adv.精密地;危急地;批评性地;用钻研眼光地;
They wanted us to be analytical . 教我们养成分析的习惯。
analytical:adj.分析的;解析的;善于分析的;
They wanted us to be concerned about social issues . 他们希望我们关心社会问题。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
In my economics classes I got high marks for my understanding of basic economics. 我的经济学课程得了高分, 因为我对经济学基础的理解。
But I learned something more profound than that, which is that the leaders -- the managers of Ghana's economy -- were making breathtakingly bad decisions that had brought our economy to the brink of collapse . 但是我学会了比那更意义深远的东西: 那些领导,加纳经济的管理者, 做的令人震惊的错误的决定 使我们的经济走到了崩溃的边缘。
profound:adj.深厚的;意义深远的;渊博的; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; breathtakingly:adv.惊人地;令人激动地; brink:n.(峭壁的)边缘; collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭;
And so here was this lesson again -- leadership matters. 所以现在又回到了前面的这个教训——领导能力是重要的。
It matters a great deal. 它真的是非常重要。
But I didn't really fully understand what had happened to me at Swarthmore. 但是我并不能真正充分地理解斯沃斯莫尔学院对我的影响。
I had an inkling . 我只有一个模糊的概念,
inkling:n.暗示;略知;模糊概念;v.暗示(inkle的ing形式);略知;低声说出;
But I didn't fully realize it until I went out into the workplace , and I went to work at Microsoft Corporation . 直到我走出校园去工作才充分意识到。 我去的是微软公司,
workplace:n.工作场所;车间; Corporation:n.法人;(大)公司;法人团体;市政委员会;
And I was part of this team -- this thinking, learning team whose job it was to design and implement new software that created value in the world. 成为了团队的一份子——一个不断思考和学习着的团队, 我们的工作就是设计和编程, 在全世界都创造着价值。
implement:v.实施;执行;贯彻;使生效;n.工具;
And it was brilliant to be part of this team. 成为这个团队的一员是非常棒的,
It was brilliant. 这个团队非常杰出。
And I realized just what had happened to me at Swarthmore, this transformation -- the ability to confront problems, complex problems, and to design solutions to those problems. 我这才明白了斯沃斯莫尔学院给了我什么, 这个教育改变了我,它让我能够 去挑战问题,复杂的问题, 去设计方案来解决问题。
confront:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
The ability to create is the most empowering thing that can happen to an individual . 创造能力是对于个人而言 最能赋予人力量的。
empowering:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;增加(某人的)自主权;(empower的现在分词) individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的;
And I was part of that. 我当时成为了其中的一部分。
Now, while I was at Microsoft, the annual revenues of that company grew larger than the GDP of the Republic of Ghana. 当我在微软的时候,公司的年收入 增长到比整个加纳共和国的GDP还高。
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的; revenues:n.[会计]收入;税收;[会计]收益;营业收入(revenue的复数形式);
And, by the way , it's continued to. 并且,顺便说一句,微软的年收入一直在持续增长,
by the way:顺便说一下;
The gap has widened since I left. 从我离开微软后,这个差距更大了。
gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; widened:v.变宽;加宽;拓宽;扩展;(widen的过去分词和过去式)
Now, I've already spoken about one of the reasons why this has occurred. 其实,我刚才已经说了为什么会产生这样的现象的一个原因。
I mean, it's the people there who are so hardworking, persistent , creative , empowered . 我的意思是,是因为在微软工作的人们非常勤奋, 坚持不懈,有创造力,能发挥自己的能力。
persistent:adj.固执的,坚持的;持久稳固的; creative:adj.创造性的; empowered:v.授权;给(某人)…的权力;(empower的过去分词和过去式)
But there were also some external factors : free markets, the rule of law, infrastructure . 但是也有一些外部因素,比如: 自由市场,法律治国,基础设施。
external:n.外部;外观;形式;外部情况;adj.外部的;外面的;外界的;外来的; factors:n.因素(factor的复数); v.做代理商; infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
These things were provided by institutions run by the people that I call leaders. 这些东西都是由社会制度提供的, 是我称之为“领导”的人们在运行着这个制度体系。
provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
And those leaders did not emerge spontaneously . 那些领导不是自然自发产生的,
spontaneously:adv.自发地;自然地;不由自主地;
Somebody trained them to do the work that they do. 而是有人培养了他们做现在的工作的。
Now, while I was at Microsoft, this funny thing happened, 当我还在微软的时候,有意思,
I became a parent. 我成为了父亲。
And for the first time, Africa mattered more to me than ever before. 第一次,非洲比以前对我来说更重要了,
Because I realized that the state of the African continent would matter to my children and their children. 因为我意识到非洲大陆的状态 将影响到我的孩子和他们的孩子。
That the state of the world -- the state of the world depends on what's happening to Africa, as far as my kids would be concerned. 我意识到全世界的状态 也取决于非洲在发生什么, 至少对于我的孩子是这样的。
as far as:至于…;
And at this time when I was going through what I call my "pre-mid-life crisis ." 当时我正在经历 我自称的“近中年危机”,
crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
Africa was a mess . 非洲也混乱一片。
mess:n.混乱;餐厅;杂乱;肮脏;v.使不整洁;弄脏;弄乱;随地便溺;
Somalia had disintegrated into anarchy . 索马里已经陷入了无政府状态,
disintegrated:v.碎裂;解体;分裂;衰微;瓦解;(disintegrate的过去分词和过去式) anarchy:n.无政府状态;混乱;无秩序;
Rwanda was in the throes of this genocidal war. 卢旺达在种族灭绝的战争中苦苦挣扎。
throes:n.剧痛; v.苦苦挣扎; genocidal:adj.集团屠杀的,种族灭绝的;
And it seemed to me that that was the wrong direction, and I needed to be back helping. 我认为那是错误的发展方向, 我应该回去帮助非洲。
I couldn't just stay in Seattle and raise my kids in an upper-middle class neighborhood and feel good about it. 我不能只是呆在西雅图抚养我的孩子, 住在中上阶级的社区里沾沾自喜。
Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市); neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
This was not the world that I'd want my children to grow up in. 我不想让我的孩子在这样的世界中成长。
So I decided to get engaged , and the first thing that I did was to come back to Ghana and talk with a lot of people and really try to understand what the real issues were. 所以我决定行动起来,我做的第一件事 是回到加纳和许多人谈话, 努力去了解真正的问题在哪里。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式)
And three things kept coming up for every problem: corruption , weak institutions and the people who run them -- the leaders. 对于任何问题,三个东西总是浮现出来: 腐败,脆弱的制度, 还有运行制度的人——领导们。
corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
Now, I was a little scared because when you see those three problems, they seem really hard to deal with. 那么,我有一点害怕, 因为当你想到那三个问题, 他们看起来非常难处理。
And they might say, look, don't even try. 他们很可能会说:算了吧,试都不要试。
But, for me, I asked the question, "Well, where are these leaders coming from? 但是,对我而言,我问了这个问题: “那么,这些领导是从哪里来的？
What is it about Ghana that produces leaders that are unethical or unable to solve problems?" 加纳是怎样制造出那些 不道德的不能解决问题的领导者的？
unethical:adj.不道德的;缺乏职业道德的;
So I went to look at what was happening in our educational system. 所以我去看看在教育系统里面到底在发生着什么。
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
And it was the same -- learning by rote -- from primary school through graduate school . 我发现,从小学到研究生院校都是一样: 死记硬背,
rote:n.死记硬背;生搬硬套; primary school:小学; graduate school:研究所,研究院;
Very little emphasis on ethics . 不重视伦理道德。
emphasis:n.强调;重视;重要性;(对某个词或短语的)强调; ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准;
And the average, you know, the typical graduate from a university in Ghana has a stronger sense of entitlement than a sense of responsibility. 你知道吧,加纳的大学出来的典型毕业生 自我感觉享受特权是应该的, 而缺乏对社会负责任的态度。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; entitlement:n.权利;津贴;
This is wrong. 这是不对的。
So I decided to engage this particular problem. 于是我决定针对这个具体的问题来着手。
Because it seems to me that every society, every society, must be very intentional about how it trains its leaders. 因为在我看来,每个社会 必须非常认真地规划怎样来培训它的领袖型人才,
intentional:adj.故意的;蓄意的;策划的;
And Ghana was not paying enough attention. 而加纳并没有给予足够的重视。
And this is true across sub-Saharan Africa, actually. 实际上,整个撒哈拉以南的非洲都是这样。
sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区;
So this is what I'm doing now. 这就是我正在做的事。
I'm trying to bring the experience that I had at Swarthmore to Africa. 我试着把我在斯沃斯莫尔学院体验到的东西带到非洲,
I wish there was a liberal arts college in every African country. 希望在每个非洲国家都有文理学院。
liberal arts:自由教育;
I think it would make huge difference. 我想这会大大地改变现状。
And what Ashesi University is trying to do is to train a new generation of ethical, entrepreneurial leaders. 阿社思（Ashesi）大学正在努力做的 就是训练出一代新的有德行的,企业家式的领导者。
entrepreneurial:adj.企业家的,创业者的;中间商的;
We're trying to train leaders of exceptional integrity , who have the ability to confront the complex problems, ask the right questions, and come up with workable solutions. 我们努力培养非常正直的学生, 他们能面对复杂的社会问题, 问出正确的问题,然后想出可以实行的措施。
exceptional:adj.异常的,例外的;n.超常的学生; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正; come up with:提出;想出;赶上; workable:adj.切实可行的;可经营的;能工作的;
I'll admit that there are times when it seems like " Mission Impossible." 我承认有时候觉得好像这是一个“不可能完成的任务”,
Mission:n.使命,任务;代表团;布道;v.派遣;向…传教;
But we must believe that these kids are smart. 但是我们必须相信这些孩子们是聪明的,
That if we involve them in their education, if we have them discuss the real issues that they confront -- that our whole society confronts -- and if we give them skills that enable them to engage the real world, that magic will happen. 如果我们针对他们自身特点来展开他们的教育, 如果我们让他们讨论需要面对的真正的问题—— 我们整个社会都面对的问题—— 如果我们教授他们技巧使他们能在真实的世界里立足, 那么奇迹将会发生。
confronts:v.使…无法回避;降临于;处理;面对;对抗;(confront的第三人称单数) enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行;
Now, a month into this project, we'd just started classes. 深入这个项目一个月后,我们才开始上课。
And a month into it, I come to the office, and I have this email from one of our students. 再一个月后,我来到办公室, 收到一个学生的邮件。
And it said, very simply, "I am thinking now." 信上非常简单地写着“我开始思考了”,
And he signs off, "Thank you." 和签名“谢谢你”。
It's such a simple statement . 这是多么简单的一个句子。
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单;
But I was moved almost to tears because I understood what was happening to this young man. 我几乎感动地流泪, 因为我理解这个年轻人正在经历一个怎么样的改变。
And it is an awesome thing to be a part of empowering someone in this way. 这是非常美妙的事情,能参与到 以这样的方式来发挥挖掘人的才能的项目中。
awesome:adj.令人敬畏的;使人畏惧的;可怕的;极好的;
I am thinking now. 我开始思考了。
This year, we challenged our students to craft an honor code themselves. 今年,我们让学生们 自己起草一个行为准则。
craft:n.工艺;船;手艺;飞行器;v.(尤指用手工)精心制作;
There's a very vibrant debate going on, on campus now, over whether they should have an honor code, and if so, what it should look like. 这引起了一场激烈的争论,现在校园里正在进行, 关于他们是否应该有一个行为守则, 如果应该,那它应该是什么样的。
vibrant:adj.振动的;充满生气的;响亮的;战栗的; debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑; campus:n.(大学)校园;大学,大学生活;校园内的草地;
One of the students asked a question that just warmed my heart. 一个学生问了一个问题,让我感到很温暖。
Can we create a perfect society? 我们能创造一个完美的社会吗？
Her understanding that a student-crafted honor code constitutes a reach towards perfection is incredible . 她认为让学生起草的行为规则 构成一个对完美的追求,很令人惊喜。
constitutes:v.被算作;组成;构成;(合法或正式地)成立,设立;(constitute的第三人称单数) perfection:n.完善;完美; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
Now, we cannot achieve perfection. 虽然我们不能达到完美,
But if we reach for it, then we can achieve excellence . 但是如果我们朝那个方向努力,我们就能达到卓越。
excellence:n.优秀;美德;长处;
I don't know ultimately what they will do. 我不知道他们最终会做成什么,
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
I don't know whether they will decide to have this honor code. 不知道他们是否决定写这份行为规范。
But the conversation they're having now -- about what their good society should look like, what their excellent society should look like -- is a really good thing. 但是她们正在进行的讨论—— 关于一个他们认为好的社会应该是什么样子, 他们认为是卓越的社会应该是什么样子的讨论—— 非常有价值。
Am I out of time? OK. 是不是没有时间了？哦,还有时间。
Now, I just want to leave that slide up because it's important that we think about it. 现在,我暂时停在那张幻灯片上, 因为它非常重要,值得我们思考。
I'm very excited about the fact that every student at Ashesi University does community service before they graduate. 有一件事情是我的得意之举, 在阿社思大学的每个学生毕业前都要做社区服务。
community service:n.社区服务(自愿或因受法庭惩罚的无偿劳动);
That for many of them, it has been a life-altering experience. 对于他们多数人而言,那是一次改变一生的经历。
life-altering:改变生活的;改变人生的;
These young future leaders are beginning to understand the real business of leadership. 这些年轻的未来的领导们逐渐开始理解 领导力的真谛,
The real privilege of leadership, which is, after all, to serve humanity . 领导者的真正特权, 其实是为人类服务。
privilege:n.特权;优待;v.给与…特权;特免; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
I am even more thrilled by the fact that least year our student body elected a woman to be the head of Student Government. 去年,有一件事让我更加有感触: 我们的学生团体选举了一名女性 作为学生会的主席。
thrilled:adj.非常兴奋; v.使非常兴奋; (thrill的过去分词和过去式) student body:全体学生;学生的总称;
It's the first time in the history of Ghana that a woman has been elected head of Student Government at any university. 这在加纳历史上是第一次, 女性被选举为大学的 学生会主席。
It says a lot about her. 这件事情展示了很多关于她,
It says a lot about the culture that's forming on campus. 关于校园里正在形成的文化。
It says a lot about her peers who elected her. 关于选举出她的那些同学们。
She won with 75 percent of the vote. 她赢得了百分之75的选票。
And it gives me a lot of hope. 这件事情也给我很大的希望。
It turns out that corporate West Africa also appreciates what's happening with our students. 后来发现西非公司 也欣赏我们的学生们所经受的训练。
corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; appreciates:v.欣赏;赏识;感激;欢迎;理解;领会;(appreciate的第三人称单数)
We've graduated two classes of students to date. 至今为止,我们已经毕业了两个班级的学生了,
And every single one of them has been placed. 他们每个人都找到了工作。
And we're getting great reports back from corporate Ghana, corporate West Africa. 我们也从加纳的企业,西非的企业 得到了很棒的反馈报告。
And the things that they're most impressed about is work ethic. 他们印象最深刻的是学生们的职业道德,
impressed:adj.印象深刻; v.使钦佩; (impress的过去分词和过去式)
You know, that passion for what they're doing. 知道吧,他们做事的激情,
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
The persistence , their ability to deal with ambiguity , their ability to tackle problems that they haven't seen before. 坚持不懈,他们解决模糊问题的能力, 解决全新问题的能力。
persistence:n.持续;固执;存留;坚持不懈;毅力; ambiguity:n.含糊;不明确;暧昧;模棱两可的话; tackle:v.处理; n.用具;
This is good because, you know, over the past five years, there have been times when I've felt this is "Mission Impossible." 这很棒,因为,你知道吗, 在过去的五年,有很多时候 我都怀疑这是不可能完成的任务。
And it's just wonderful to see, sort of, these glimmers of the promise of what can happen if we train our kids right. 看到我们以正确地方式培养我们的孩子之后 所展现的晨曦,真是令人鼓舞。
glimmers:n.微光;闪光;少许;vi.闪烁;发微光;
I think that the current and future leaders of Africa have an incredible opportunity to drive a major renaissance on the continent. 我认为非洲现在的和将来的领导们 有这个难得的机遇 来实现整个非洲大陆的伟大复兴。
It's an incredible opportunity. 这是一个伟大的机遇。
There aren't very many more opportunities like this in the world. 世界上像这样的机会没有太多。
I believe that Africa has reached an inflection point with a march of democracy and free markets across the continent. 我相信非洲已经到了一个转折点, 整个大陆上下都在走向政治民主和自由市场。
inflection:n.弯曲,变形;音调变化; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
We have reached a moment from which can emerge a great society within one generation. 我们已经到了这样一个时期, 用一代人的时间就能创造出一个伟大的社会。
It will depend on inspired leadership. 这将依赖于鼓舞人心的领导力。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
And it is my contention that the manner in which we train our leaders will make all the difference . 我的观点是:我们培养领导人的模式和方法 是创造这个伟大变革的基础。
make all the difference:关系重大;大不相同;重要;
Thank you, and God bless. 谢谢大家,上帝保佑你们。
(Applause) （鼓掌）