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PamelaMeyer_2011G-_别对我撒谎_
Okay, now I don't want to alarm anybody in this room, but it's just come to my attention that the person to your right is a liar . 有些秘密还是不要道破为好 但是我发现
liar:n.说谎的人;
(Laughter) （众人笑）
Also, the person to your left is a liar. 坐在你左边的人也是个骗子
Also the person sitting in your very seats is a liar. 坐在你位置上的那个人还是个骗子
We're all liars . 我们都是骗子
liars:说谎者;撒谎者(liar的复数);
What I'm going to do today is I'm going to show you what the research says about why we're all liars, how you can become a liespotter and why you might want to go the extra mile and go from liespotting to truth seeking , and ultimately to trust building. 今天我要讲的一项研究 我们为什么是骗子 说谎的次数为三次 以及为什么要大费周折 从识别谎言走向寻求真相 最终走到信任的建立
go the extra mile:加倍努力;多付出代价;多努力一点; seeking:v.寻找;寻求;谋求;争取;(向人)请求(seek的现在分词) ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
Now, speaking of trust, ever since I wrote this book, "Liespotting," 说到信任 自从我写了《识破谎言》之后
no one wants to meet me in person anymore, no, no, no, no, no. 谁都不愿意再和我面对面打交道了 没门
They say, "It's okay, we'll email you." 大家都说: 没关系,我们会给你发邮件的。
(Laughter) （众人笑）
I can't even get a coffee date at Starbucks . 我甚至约不到人去星巴克喝咖啡
Starbucks:n.星巴克(咖啡店名);
My husband's like, "Honey, deception ? 我先生说:“亲爱的,测谎？
deception:n.欺骗;蒙骗;诡计;骗术;骗局;
Maybe you could have focused on cooking. How about French cooking?" 你还是把心思花在烹饪上吧。学做法国菜,怎么样？”
So before I get started, what I'm going to do is I'm going to clarify my goal for you, which is not to teach a game of Gotcha . 切入主题之前 我先澄清一下 我演讲的目的不是叫你们玩测谎游戏
clarify:v.澄清;阐明;得到澄清;得到净化; Gotcha:int.明白了(等于gotyou);
Liespotters aren't those nitpicky kids, those kids in the back of the room that are shouting, "Gotcha! Gotcha! 测谎者并不是专门挑刺的孩子 那些孩子站在屋子后方大喊:“发现了！
Your eyebrow twitched . You flared your nostril . 你的眉毛动了。你的鼻孔动了。
eyebrow:n.眉;眉毛; twitched:v.痉挛;抽搐;抽动;急拉;(twitch的过去分词和过去式) flared:adj.底部展开的; v.燃烧; (flare的过去分词和过去式) nostril:n.鼻孔;
I watch that TV show 'Lie To Me.' I know you're lying." 我看电视剧 “别对我撒谎”,我知道你在说谎。”
No, liespotters are armed with scientific knowledge of how to spot deception. 不 测谎者 以识破谎言的科学知识来武装自己
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的;
They use it to get to the truth, and they do what mature leaders do everyday; they have difficult conversations with difficult people, sometimes during very difficult times. 找出真相 他们像成熟的领导人那样工作 与难以打交道的人进行艰难的对话 有时候还碰上世态不济的时候
mature:v.成熟; adj.明白事理的;
And they start up that path by accepting a core proposition , and that proposition is the following: 他们踏上了这条道路 那就是
core:n.核心;要点;果心;[计]磁心;vt.挖...的核; proposition:n.提议;待处理的问题;任务;(美国)法律修正议案;见解;命题;v.向...提议;
Lying is a cooperative act. 说谎是一项协作行动
cooperative:adj.合作的;协作的;同心协力的;协助的;n.合作企业;合作社组织;
Think about it, a lie has no power whatsoever by its mere utterance .
whatsoever:pron.无论什么; mere:adj.仅仅的;只不过的;n.小湖;池塘; utterance:n.表达;说话;说话方式;
Its power emerges when someone else agrees to believe the lie. 而当人将谎言信以为真 谎言的力量就产生了
emerges:vi.浮现;摆脱;暴露;
So I know it may sound like tough love , but look, if at some point you got lied to, it's because you agreed to get lied to. 忠言逆耳 但是 如果你被骗了 那只能怪你相信了谎言
tough love:n.严厉的爱(为帮助而严厉对待有问题的人);
Truth number one about lying: Lying's a cooperative act. 关于说谎的第一条事实: 说谎是一项协作行动
Now not all lies are harmful. 并不是所有谎话都有害
Sometimes we're willing participants in deception for the sake of social dignity , maybe to keep a secret that should be kept secret, secret. 有时 为了保住社会尊严 我们愿意说谎 有些秘密还是不要道破为好
participants:n.参与者(participant的复数形式); for the sake of:为了;为了…的利益; dignity:n.尊严;高贵;
We say, "Nice song." 我们说:“这首歌真好听。”
'"Honey, you don't look fat in that, no." “亲爱的,你穿这件不显胖,一点也不。”
Or we say, favorite of the digiratti, "You know, I just fished that email out of my Spam folder . 我们还说 我才从垃圾邮件里看到那封邮件。
Spam:n.垃圾邮件;罐头猪肉; folder:n.文件夹;折叠机;折叠式印刷品;
So sorry." 真不好意思。”
But there are times when we are unwilling participants in deception. 而有时候 我们不愿意参与说谎
unwilling:adj.不愿意的;不情愿的;勉强的;
And that can have dramatic costs for us. 而这时 我们可能会遭受重大损失
dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的;
Last year saw 997 billion dollars in corporate fraud alone in the United States. 去年仅美国就因公司犯罪 损失了9970亿美元
corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; fraud:n.欺骗;骗子;诡计; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
That's an eyelash under a trillion dollars. 这个数字差一点就到一万亿美元了
eyelash:n.睫;睫毛; trillion:n.[数]万亿;adj.万亿的;num.[数]万亿;
That's seven percent of revenues . 占了总收入的7%
revenues:n.[会计]收入;税收;[会计]收益;营业收入(revenue的复数形式);
Deception can cost billions. 欺诈可以造成数十亿美元的损失
Think Enron, Madoff, the mortgage crisis . 想想安然 麦道夫 次贷危机
mortgage:vt.抵押;n.抵押;房屋抵押贷款; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
Or in the case of double agents and traitors , like Robert Hanssen or Aldrich Ames , lies can betray our country, they can compromise our security, they can undermine democracy , they can cause the deaths of those that defend us. 还有像罗伯特·汉森和阿尔德里奇·埃姆斯等 双面特工或叛徒 谎言能够出卖我们的国家 能够削弱安全保障 能够破坏民主制度 能够夺走国家卫士的生命
agents:n.代理人,经纪人;原动力;(agent的复数) traitors:n.背叛者;叛徒;卖国贼;(traitor的复数) Ames:n.艾姆斯氏试验; betray:v.出卖;泄露(机密);辜负; compromise:n.妥协;折中;互让;和解;v.妥协;违背(原则);达不到(标准);使陷入危险; undermine:vt.破坏,渐渐破坏;挖掘地基; democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
Deception is actually serious business. 欺骗是一个棘手的问题。
This con man, Henry Oberlander, he was such an effective con man, 这个骗子亨利·奥伯兰德
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
British authorities say he could have undermined the entire banking system of the Western world. 英国高官说 他有能力破坏整个西方世界的银行体系
authorities:n.权力;威权;职权;批准;(authority的复数) undermined:v.暗地里破坏;挖…的下面(undermine的过去分词);
And you can't find this guy on Google; you can't find him anywhere.
He was interviewed once, and he said the following.
interviewed:v.对(某人)进行面试(或面谈); (媒体)采访(interview的过去分词和过去式)
He said, "Look, I've got one rule."
And this was Henry's rule, he said, "Look, everyone is willing to give you something. “每个人都愿意给你某样东西。
They're ready to give you something for whatever it is they're hungry for." 只要是为了得到他们渴望的东西,他们就心甘情愿地拿东西来交换。”
And that's the crux of it.
crux:n.关键;难题;十字架形,坩埚;
If you don't want to be deceived , you have to know, what is it that you're hungry for? 如果不想被骗 你就必须知道
deceived:v.蒙骗;欺骗(自己);使人误信;误导;(deceive的过去分词和过去式)
And we all kind of hate to admit it.
We wish we were better husbands, better wives, smarter, more powerful, taller, richer -- the list goes on. 我们希望自己能成为更好的丈夫 更好的妻子 变得更聪明 更有权力 诸如此类
Lying is an attempt to bridge that gap , to connect our wishes and our fantasies about who we wish we were, how we wish we could be, with what we're really like. 欺骗是人们试图在现实与愿望之间架起桥梁 把我们理想中的自己与理想中的生活 种种心愿和幻想 与现实中的自己联系起来
attempt:n.企图,试图;攻击;v.企图,试图;尝试; gap:n.差距;间隙;缺口;间隔;v.使豁裂;豁开; fantasies:n.梦想,幻想(fantasy的复数);
And boy are we willing to fill in those gaps in our lives with lies. 天啊 难道我们要用谎言来填补现实与幻想之间的差距吗
gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式);
On a given day, studies show that you may be lied to anywhere from 10 to 200 times. 研究表明 在每一天 你被欺骗的次数 从10次到200次不等
Now granted , many of those are white lies. 的确 这其中有许多是善意的谎言
granted:v.不错,的确; conj.因为; v.同意,准予,允许; (grant的过去分词和过去式)
But in another study, it showed that strangers lied three times within the first 10 minutes of meeting each other. 而另一项研究显示 陌生人见面后的前十分钟内 说谎的次数为三次
(Laughter) （众人笑）
Now when we first hear this data, we recoil . 头一次听到这个数据 我们不免心寒
recoil:vi.畏缩;弹回;报应;n.畏缩;弹回;反作用;
We can't believe how prevalent lying is. 我们不敢相信人们说谎竟如此频繁
prevalent:adj.流行的;普遍的,广传的;
We're essentially against lying. 我们本质上与说谎对立
essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
But if you look more closely, the plot actually thickens . 但如果你细看
plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表); thickens:vt.使变厚;使模糊;使…变复杂;vi.变浓;变厚;变得模糊;变粗;变复杂;
We lie more to strangers than we lie to coworkers . 我们对陌生人说谎的次数比对同事说谎的次数要多
coworkers:n.同事;合作人;(coworker的复数形式)
Extroverts lie more than introverts . 外向的人比内向的人说谎次数多
Extroverts:外向型人格; introverts:内向型人格;
Men lie eight times more about themselves than they do other people. 男性关于自己的谎言比关于别人的谎言
Women lie more to protect other people. 女性说谎往往是为了保护他人
If you're an average married couple, you're going to lie to your spouse in one out of every 10 interactions . 如果你们是一对普通夫妻 那么你对自己的配偶
spouse:n.配偶;vt.和…结婚; interactions:n.[计]交互,相互作用;相互交流;干扰;(interaction复数)
Now, you may think that's bad. 你可能觉得这很不好
If you're unmarried , that number drops to three. 如果你未婚 那么每交流3次就有一次在说谎
unmarried:adj.[法]未婚的;单身的;独身的;
Lying's complex . 说谎这事挺复杂的
complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施;
It's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives. 这跟我们的日常生活与工作交织在一起
woven:v.编织;交织(weave的过去分词);编造;adj.织物的;n.机织织物; fabric:n.织物;布料;(社会,机构等的)结构;
We're deeply ambivalent about the truth. 我们对真相总是拿捏不准
ambivalent:adj.矛盾的;好恶相克的;
We parse it out on an as-needed basis, sometimes for very good reasons, other times just because we don't understand the gaps in our lives. 我们在需要的时候才来分析它 有时候是情理之中的 而有时候则是因为我们不理解生活中现实与理想的差距
parse:vt.解析;从语法上分析;vi.理解;从语法上分析;n.从语法上分析;分列;
That's truth number two about lying. 这是关于说谎的第二条真相
We're against lying, but we're covertly for it in ways that our society has sanctioned for centuries and centuries and centuries. 我们反对说谎 但背地里赞同说谎 我们的社会对种种这些做法
covertly:adv.秘密地;偷偷摸摸地; sanctioned:v.许可;准许;惩罚;实施制裁;(sanction的过去分词和过去式)
It's as old as breathing. 其历史源远流长
It's part of our culture, it's part of our history. 是我们文化和历史的一部分
Think Dante , Shakespeare , the Bible , News of the World. 想想看但丁 莎士比亚
Dante:n.但丁(意大利诗人); Shakespeare:n.莎士比亚(英国剧作家); Bible:n.有权威的书;
(Laughter) （众人笑）
Lying has evolutionary value to us as a species . 说谎在人类进化上有着重要价值
evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Researchers have long known that the more intelligent the species, the larger the neocortex , the more likely it is to be deceptive . 研究者早就知道 大脑皮层越大 这个物种就更可能欺骗
intelligent:adj.有才智的;悟性强的;聪明的;有智力的 neocortex:n.新(大脑)皮质; deceptive:adj.欺诈的;迷惑的;虚伪的;
Now you might remember Koko . 你们可能还记得可可
Koko:n.可可芋头;
Does anybody remember Koko the gorilla who was taught sign language ? 有人还记得那只学会手语的大猩猩可可吗
gorilla:大猩猩 sign language:n.手势语;
Koko was taught to communicate via sign language. 可可学会如何用手语进行交流
via:prep.通过;经由;n.道路;[医]管道;
Here's Koko with her kitten. 这是可可和她的小猫
It's her cute little, fluffy pet kitten. 这就是她毛茸茸的可爱小猫咪
fluffy:adj.蓬松的;松软的;毛茸茸的;无内容的;
Koko once blamed her pet kitten for ripping a sink out of the wall. 可可有一次责备她的小猫
ripping:adj.极好的;美妙的;v.撕破,裂开;突然拉开;(rip的现在分词)
(Laughter) （众人笑）
We're hardwired to become leaders of the pack. 我们天生就喜欢做领导
hardwired:adj.电路的;
It's starts really, really early. 这从很早很早就开始了
How early? 多早
Well babies will fake a cry, pause, wait to see who's coming and then go right back to crying. 婴儿就会假哭 停一下 看看谁走过来 接着哭
fake:n.假货;骗子;假动作;v.捏造;假装…的样子;adj.伪造的;
One-year-olds learn concealment . 一岁的孩子就学会隐瞒事实了
concealment:n.隐藏,隐蔽;隐匿处;
(Laughter) （众人笑）
Two-year-olds bluff . 两岁的孩子就会吓唬人了
bluff:v.虚张声势;唬人;吹牛;n.虚张声势的做法;唬人;峭壁;adj.直率豪爽的
Five-year-olds lie outright . 五岁的孩子撒谎都可以不打草稿了
outright:v.全部地; adj.完全的,彻底的;
They manipulate via flattery . 他们通过巴结来达到目的
manipulate:vt.操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改; flattery:n.奉承;谄媚;恭维话;
Nine-year-olds, masters of the cover-up . 九岁的孩子是掩盖真相的高手
cover-up:n.掩饰;隐蔽;
By the time you enter college, you're going to lie to your mom in one out of every five interactions. 到你上大学的时候 你与你母亲的每交流五次中就有一次是在说谎
By the time we enter this work world and we're breadwinners , we enter a world that is just cluttered with Spam, fake digital friends, partisan media , ingenious identity thieves, world-class Ponzi schemers , a deception epidemic -- in short, what one author calls a post-truth society. 到我们工作了 挣钱养家了 我们便进入了 政党媒体 身份盗用 世界级的庞氏骗局 一个谎言的流行病 用一位作家的话简单地说
breadwinners:n.负担家计的人;养家糊口的人; cluttered:adj.杂乱的; v.凌乱地塞满; (clutter的过去分词和过去式) digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; partisan:adj.党派的;效忠的;偏袒的;盲目推崇的;n.游击队;虔诚信徒;党羽; media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉; ingenious:adj.有独创性的;机灵的,精制的;心灵手巧的; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式; world-class:n.世界级;adj.世界级的; schemers:n.阴谋家;谋士;计划者; epidemic:n.流行病;蔓延;adj.传染病;流行性的;
It's been very confusing for a long time now. 长时间以来
confusing:adj.令人困惑; v.使糊涂; (confuse的现在分词)
What do you do?
Well, there are steps we can take to navigate our way through the morass . 有几个步骤
navigate:vt.驾驶,操纵;使通过;航行于;vi.航行,航空; morass:n.沼泽;困境;乱糟糟的一堆;
Trained liespotters get to the truth 90 percent of the time. 受过识谎训练的人能认识到90%的真相
The rest of us, we're only 54 percent accurate . 而普通人只有54%的正确率
accurate:adj.精确的;
Why is it so easy to learn? 为什么人能轻易学会识破谎言呢
There are good liars and bad liars. 骗子有高明的 也有蹩脚的 但没有绝对与众不同的骗子
There are no real original liars.
original:n.原件;原作;原物;原型;adj.原始的;最初的;独创的;新颖的;
We all make the same mistakes. We all use the same techniques .
techniques:n.技巧;技艺;工艺;技术;(technique的复数)
So what I'm going to do is I'm going to show you two patterns of deception.
And then we're going to look at the hot spots and see if we can find them ourselves. 我们先看看演讲
We're going to start with speech.
(Video) Bill Clinton: I want you to listen to me. （视频）克林顿总统:我想要你们听我说
I'm going to say this again.
I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky. 我与那个女人
sexual:adj.性的;性别的;有性的;
I never told anybody to lie, not a single time, never. 我从未指示任何人说谎
And these allegations are false. 这些指控都是莫须有的
allegations:n.(无证据的)说法,指控;(allegation的复数)
And I need to go back to work for the American people. 我必须回去为美国人民工作了
Thank you.
(Applause)
Pamela Meyer : Okay, what were the telltale signs? 好 破绽是哪些呢
Meyer:n.迈耶(日耳曼语,指首席侍从或农夫); telltale:adj.报警的;泄密的;搬弄是非的;n.迹象;指示器;搬弄是非者;
Well first we heard what's known as a non-contracted denial . 首先 我们听到一个正式的否定形式
denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事);
Studies show that people who are overdetermined in their denial will resort to formal rather than informal language. 研究表明 人们在过度强调否认时 喜欢使用较为正式的语言
overdetermined:adj.[数]超定的;多因素决定的;[数]过定的; resort:n.度假胜地;诉诸;采取;旅游胜地;v.去;凭藉; informal:adj.非正式的;不拘礼节的;通俗的;日常使用的;
We also heard distancing language: "that woman." 我们还听到 “那个女人” 这种遥指性的措辞
We know that liars will unconsciously distance themselves from their subject, using language as their tool. 我们知道 骗子们会不经意地 借用语言来达此目的
unconsciously:adv.不知不觉;无意识地;
Now if Bill Clinton had said, "Well, to tell you the truth ..." 如果克林顿说的是:“哎,实话告诉你吧...”
or Richard Nixon's favorite, "In all candor ..." 或者用到尼克松总统的口头禅:“实话跟你说...”
candor:n.坦白;直率;
he would have been a dead giveaway for any liespotter that knows that qualifying language, as it's called, qualifying language like that, further discredits the subject. 他立马就会 在识谎者面前露出马脚 因为识谎者知道这种被称为修饰语的话 更能暴露谎言
giveaway:n.泄漏; adj.泄露真相的; qualifying:adj.使具有资格的; discredits:vt.不信;使…丢脸;n.怀疑;无信用;名声的败坏;
Now if he had repeated the question in its entirety , or if he had peppered his account with a little too much detail -- and we're all really glad he didn't do that -- he would have further discredited himself. 如果他完整地将问题重复一遍 或者他暴露过多细节 幸好他没这么做 那他的话就更不可信了
entirety:n.全部;完全; peppered:adj.用胡椒调味的; v.在(食物上)撒胡椒粉(pepper的过去式); discredited:adj.不足信的; v.败坏(或破坏)…的名声;
Freud had it right. 弗洛伊德说对了
Freud:n.佛洛伊德(1856-1939,奥地利心理分析学家及精神病学家);
Freud said, look, there's much more to it than speech: "No mortal can keep a secret. 弗洛伊德说:瞧,话中确实有话 “没有人能保守住秘密。
mortal:adj.凡人的;致死的;终有一死的;不共戴天的;n.人类,凡人;
If his lips are silent, he chatters with his fingertips ." 他的嘴闭上了,他的指尖却在说谎。”
chatters:v.打颤;卡嗒地响;瞎谈;(鸟等)鸣;(chatter的第三人称单数) fingertips:n.指尖;(fingertip的复数)
And we all do it no matter how powerful you are. 我们都是这样 不管你有多厉害
We all chatter with our fingertips. 我们的指尖都会把我们出卖
I'm going to show you Dominique Strauss-Kahn with Obama who's chattering with his fingertips. 我下面给你们看多米尼克·斯特劳斯-卡恩与奥巴马 奥巴马的指尖就出卖了他自己
chattering:n.[机]颤振,震颤;颤动;v.唠叨;震颤(chatter的现在分词);
(Laughter) （众人笑）
Now this brings us to our next pattern, which is body language . 这引出了下一个模式
body language:n.身势语;
With body language, here's what you've got to do. 讲到肢体语言 我们必须
You've really got to just throw your assumptions out the door. 把之前的假设统统抛到脑后
assumptions:n.假定;假设;承担;获得;(assumption的复数)
Let the science temper your knowledge a little bit. 让科学给你长点知识
temper:n.脾气;情绪;心情;性情;v.使缓和;使温和;使(金属)回火;
Because we think liars fidget all the time. 我们以为骗子总是坐立不安
fidget:vi.烦躁;坐立不安;玩弄;n.烦躁;坐立不安;烦躁不安的人;vt.使不安;使烦乱;
Well guess what, they're known to freeze their upper bodies when they're lying. 但事实是 他们在说谎时上半身一动也不动
upper:adj.上面的;内陆的;n.靴面;兴奋剂;
We think liars won't look you in the eyes.
Well guess what, they look you in the eyes a little too much just to compensate for that myth . 而事实是 他们知道人们会这么想
compensate:v.补偿,赔偿;抵消; myth:n.神话;虚构的人,虚构的事;
We think warmth and smiles convey honesty, sincerity .
convey:vt.传达;运输;让与; sincerity:n.真实,诚挚;
But a trained liespotter can spot a fake smile a mile away. 但是一个训练有素的识谎者
Can you all spot the fake smile here? 你们能看出哪个是假笑吗
You can consciously contract the muscles in your cheeks. 你可以下意识地
contract:v.收缩;感染;订约;n.合同;婚约; muscles:n.肌肉(muscle的复数);
But the real smile's in the eyes, the crow's feet of the eyes. 但是真正的微笑是发自眼睛的 从眼角的鱼尾纹就能看出
They cannot be consciously contracted , especially if you overdid the Botox . 这些鱼尾纹是挤不出来的 如果你打了太多肉毒杆菌素 那就更挤不出来了
contracted:adj.契约的; v.使收缩; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; overdid:v.把…做得过分;过于劳累(overdo的过去式); Botox:n.肉毒杆菌;肉毒杆菌毒素;肉毒杆菌毒素制剂;波托克斯;
Don't overdo the Botox; nobody will think you're honest. 别打太多肉毒杆菌素 没人会相信你是诚实的
overdo:v.做得过分;使过于疲劳;表演过火;夸张;
Now we're going to look at the hot spots. 下面我们来找破绽
Can you tell what's happening in a conversation? 你们能告诉我一个对话过程中都发生了什么吗
Can you start to find the hot spots to see the discrepancies between someone's words and someone's actions? 你可以找出破绽吗 能看出某人 言行上的不一致吗
discrepancies:n.差异(discrepancy的复数形式);
Now, I know it seems really obvious , but when you're having a conversation with someone you suspect of deception, attitude is by far the most overlooked but telling of indicators . 这似乎很显然 但是当你与你怀疑的对象 你往往忽略了态度这个指示标
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的; suspect:n.犯罪嫌疑人;v.怀疑;不信任;adj.可疑的; attitude:n.态度;看法;意见;姿势; overlooked:n.被忽视;v.忽视(overlook的过去式和过去分词形式);忽略;俯瞰; indicators:n.指示信号;标志;指针;方向灯;(indicator的复数)
An honest person is going to be cooperative. 诚实的人会很合作
They're going to show they're on your side. 让你感觉他们站在你一边
They're going to be enthusiastic . 会表现出热情
enthusiastic:adj.热情的;热心的;狂热的;
They're going to be willing and helpful to getting you to the truth. 他们会乐意帮助你找出真相
They're going to be willing to brainstorm , name suspects , provide details.
brainstorm:n.集思广益;头脑风暴;灵机一动;v.集体讨论;集思广益以寻找; suspects:v.怀疑;不信任;(suspect的第三人称单数)
They're going to say, "Hey, maybe it was those guys in payroll that forged those checks." 他们会说:“ 啊, 可能是管工资的那些家伙做了这些假支票。”
payroll:n.工资单; forged:v.艰苦干成;努力加强;假冒;制作;(forge的过去分词和过去式)
They're going to be infuriated if they sense they're wrongly accused throughout the entire course of the interview, not just in flashes; they'll be infuriated throughout the entire course of the interview. 如果感到自己被诬告
infuriated:adj.激怒的;感到愤怒的;v.激怒(infuriate的过去分词); wrongly:adv.错误地;不恰当地;不公正地; accused:v.控告;控诉;谴责;(accuse的过去分词和过去式) throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
And if you ask someone honest what should happen to whomever did forge those checks, an honest person is much more likely to recommend strict rather than lenient punishment . 应如何惩罚造假支票的人
whomever:pron.whoever的宾格,无论谁; recommend:v.推荐;介绍;劝告;建议;使受欢迎; lenient:adj.宽大的;仁慈的; punishment:n.惩罚;严厉对待,虐待;
Now let's say you're having that exact same conversation with someone deceptive. 在看看你与一个不诚实的人进行同样的对话
That person may be withdrawn , look down, lower their voice, pause, be kind of herky-jerky . 这个人可能会有些疏远 往下看 降低音量 几字一顿 话不连贯
withdrawn:adj.偏僻的;沉默寡言的;孤独的;v.取出;撤退(withdraw的过去分词); herky-jerky:颠簸的;东拉西扯的;
Ask a deceptive person to tell their story, they're going to pepper it with way too much detail in all kinds of irrelevant places. 让不诚实的说自己做过什么 他们在一些不着边际的地方 透露过多细节
irrelevant:adj.不相干的;不切题的;
And then they're going to tell their story in strict chronological order. 他们接着会严格按照时间顺序陈述
chronological:adj.按年代顺序排列的;依时间前后排列而记载的;
And what a trained interrogator does is they come in and in very subtle ways over the course of several hours, they will ask that person to tell that story backwards, and then they'll watch them squirm , and track which questions produce the highest volume of deceptive tells. 在几个小时的问询过程中 让那个人用倒叙的方式来陈述 然后观察他如何说谎 并记录嫌疑人在回答哪些问题时音量最大
interrogator:n.质问者;询问机; subtle:adj.微妙的;精细的;敏感的;狡猾的;稀薄的; squirm:vi.蠕动,扭动;羞愧,不舒服;n.蠕动; track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪; volume:n.体积;容积;音量;响度;一册;合订本
Why do they do that? Well, we all do the same thing. 嫌疑人为什么会这样 这其实是人之常情
We rehearse our words, but we rarely rehearse our gestures . 我们会事先想好说什么 但很少事先想好做什么样的动作
rehearse:v.排练;预演;演习; rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; gestures:n.手势; v.做手势; (gesture的第三人称单数和复数)
We say "yes," we shake our heads "no." 我们说“是” 而我们却在摇头表示“否”
We tell very convincing stories, we slightly shrug our shoulders. 我们说的故事非常有说服力 但我们却轻轻地耸了耸肩
convincing:adj.令人信服的; v.使确信; (convince的现在分词) slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地; shrug:n.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);带袖短披肩;v.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);
We commit terrible crimes, and we smile at the delight in getting away with it. 我们犯了严重的罪 而在侥幸逃脱时面露微笑
commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处; delight in:因…感到快乐;
Now, that smile is known in the trade as " duping delight." 这种微笑被称为“欺骗的喜悦”
duping:n.复制;翻印;v.欺骗;愚弄(dupe的现在分词);
And we're going to see that in several videos moving forward, but we're going to start -- for those of you who don't know him, this is presidential candidate John Edwards who shocked America by fathering a child out of wedlock . 我们会在接下来的几个视频中看到 现在开始 可能有人不认识他 我先介绍一下 他因育有一个私生子而震惊全美
presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; wedlock:n.婚姻;已婚状况;
We're going to see him talk about getting a paternity test. 我们将看到他谈论进行亲子鉴定的事
paternity:n.父权;父系;父系后裔;
See now if you can spot him saying, "yes" while shaking his head "no," 看看你们能否发现
slightly shrugging his shoulders. 肩膀在耸
shrugging:v.耸肩(表示不知道或不在乎);(shrug的现在分词)
(Video) John Edwards: I'd be happy to participate in one. （视频）约翰·爱德华兹:我很乐意去做鉴定
participate:v.参加;参与;
I know that it's not possible that this child could be mine, because of the timing of events.
So I know it's not possible. 我知道这不可能是我的
Happy to take a paternity test, and would love to see it happen. 我乐意进行亲子鉴定
Interviewer : Are you going to do that soon? Is there somebody -- 记者:你会很快去做鉴定吗 有人...
Interviewer:采访者
JE: Well, I'm only one side. I'm only one side of the test. 约翰·爱德华兹:我只是鉴定的一方
But I'm happy to participate in one. 但是我很乐意进行鉴定
PM: Okay, those head shakes are much easier to spot once you know to look for them.
There are going to be times when someone makes one expression while masking another that just kind of leaks through in a flash .
expression:n.表现,表示,表达; leaks:n.泄漏; v.漏水; (leak的第三人称单数) in a flash:瞬间;立刻;
Murderers are known to leak sadness. 谋杀者通常会漏出伤感之色
Your new joint venture partner might shake your hand, celebrate, go out to dinner with you and then leak an expression of anger. 你新的合资伙伴可能会跟你握手
joint venture:合资企业;
And we're not all going to become facial expression experts overnight here, but there's one I can teach you that's very dangerous and it's easy to learn, and that's the expression of contempt . 我们不可能一夜之间成为表情专家 那就是轻蔑的表情
facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; overnight:adj.夜间的; v.在夜间; n.(美)前一天的晚上; contempt:n.轻视,蔑视;耻辱;
Now with anger, you've got two people on an even playing field . 假设两个人势均力敌地竞争
playing field:n.运动场;操场;
It's still somewhat of a healthy relationship. 这是个比较正常的关系
somewhat:n.几分;某物;adv.有点;多少;几分;稍微;
But when anger turns to contempt, you've been dismissed . 但是愤怒一旦变成轻蔑
dismissed:v.不予考虑;摒弃;去除,消除;解雇;(dismiss的过去分词和过去式)
It's associated with moral superiority . 这与道德优越感有关
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的; superiority:n.优越,优势;优越性;
And for that reason, it's very, very hard to recover from. 正因如此 人们才很难改正这个行为
Here's what it looks like. 这样的表情就是轻蔑
It's marked by one lip corner pulled up and in. 其标识就是
It's the only asymmetrical expression. 这是唯一一个不对称的表情
asymmetrical:adj.[数]非对称的(等于asymmetric);不均匀的;不匀称的;
And in the presence of contempt, whether or not deception follows -- and it doesn't always follow -- look the other way, go the other direction, reconsider the deal, say, "No thank you. I'm not coming up for just one more nightcap . Thank you." 不论对方是否在说谎 只要看到对方轻蔑的表情 就应该往反方向思考 重新考虑这笔交易 说:“不用了。谢谢。我来可不是喝酒的。谢谢了。”
in the presence of:在…面前;有某人在场; whether or not:是否…; nightcap:n.睡帽;临睡前喝的酒;
Science has surfaced many, many more indicators. 科学发现了
We know, for example, we know liars will shift their blink rate, point their feet towards an exit. 比如说 骗子会改变他们眨眼的频率 他们的脚会对着出口
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; blink:vt.眨眼;使…闪烁;vi.眨眼;闪烁;n.眨眼;瞬间;闪光;
They will take barrier objects and put them between themselves and the person that is interviewing them. 他们会拿某样东西 挡在质询者和自己之间
barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住; interviewing:v.对(某人)进行面试;(媒体)采访,访问;(interview的现在分词)
They'll alter their vocal tone , often making their vocal tone much lower. 他们会改变说话的音调 通常是把音调压低许多
alter:v.更改;修改(衣服使更合身); vocal:adj.嗓音的;发声的;大声表达的;直言不讳的;n.(乐曲中的)歌唱部分; tone:n.语气:风格:特色:声音信号:v.使更结实:与…协调:
Now here's the deal. 请注意
These behaviors are just behaviors. 这些行为都只是行为而已
They're not proof of deception. 并不是谎言的证明
proof:n.证据;证实;adj.能抵御;可防护;
They're red flags. 它们起到的是警示的作用
We're human beings. 我们都是人
We make deceptive flailing gestures all over the place all day long . 我们整天都在做掩盖谎言的动作
flailing:v.乱动;(尤指用棍棒)猛击,猛打;(flail的现在分词) all day long:"allday"的变体;整天;一整天;终日;
They don't mean anything in and of themselves. 这些动作本身没有任何意义
But when you see clusters of them, that's your signal.
clusters:n.[植]簇;丛(cluster的复数形式);[计]群集;
Look, listen, probe , ask some hard questions, get out of that very comfortable mode of knowing, walk into curiosity mode, ask more questions, have a little dignity, treat the person you're talking to with rapport . 你要观察 倾听 质问 问一些难的问题 从心安理得的状态走出来 进入好奇模式 多问问题 提高点自尊 并尊重对方
probe:n.探针;调查;vi.调查;探测;vt.探查;用探针探测; curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩; treat:v.治疗;处理;招待;款待;n.款待;乐事;乐趣; rapport:n.密切关系,交往;和谐一致;
Don't try to be like those folks on "Law Order" and those other TV shows that pummel their subjects into submission . 尽量不要像“法律与秩序”一类美剧里的那群人那样
pummel:vt.击; n.(马鞍的)前鞍桥; (刀把或剑柄的)圆头(等于pommel); submission:n.投降;提交(物);服从;(向法官提出的)意见;谦恭;
Don't be too aggressive , it doesn't work.
aggressive:adj.侵略性的;好斗的;有进取心的;有闯劲的;
Now, we've talked a little bit about how to talk to someone who's lying and how to spot a lie.
And as I promised, we're now going to look at what the truth looks like. 刚才说过 我们将看到真实的表情是什么样的
But I'm going to show you two videos, two mothers -- one is lying, one is telling the truth. 两位母亲 一位在说谎 一位在说实话
And these were surfaced by researcher David Matsumoto in California. 两段视频都是由
And I think they're an excellent example of what the truth looks like. 我觉得这两个视频非常好地
This mother, Diane Downs, shot her kids at close range, drove them to the hospital while they bled all over the car, claimed a scraggy-haired stranger did it. 这位母亲 黛安·当丝 用枪近距离射中自己的孩子 接着开车将他们送往医院 她谎称这是一个头发蓬乱的陌生人干的
bled:v.流血;失血;给(某人)放血;长期榨取(某人的钱);(bleed的过去分词和过去式) claimed:v.宣称;声称;断言;索取;认领;索要(claim的过去分词和过去式)
And you'll see when you see the video, she can't even pretend to be an agonizing mother. 在视频中你会看到 她假装悲伤都装不出来
agonizing:adj.痛苦的;令人焦虑不安的;v.苦苦思索;焦虑不已;(agonize的现在分词)
What you want to look for here is an incredible discrepancy between horrific events that she describes and her very, very cool demeanor . 请你们注意 与她极为冷静的举止
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; discrepancy:n.不符;矛盾;相差; horrific:adj.可怕的;令人毛骨悚然的; describes:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;(describe的第三人称单数) demeanor:n.风度;举止;行为;
And if you look closely, you'll see duping delight throughout this video. 如果你仔细看 你会看到她在视频中流露出欺骗的喜悦
(Video) Diane Downs: At night when I close my eyes,
I can see Christie reaching her hand out to me while I'm driving, and the blood just kept coming out of her mouth.
And that -- maybe it'll fade too with time -- but I don't think so. 也许时间久了我就会淡忘
fade:v.褪色; adj.平淡的; n.[电影][电视]淡出;
That bothers me the most. 这让我寝食难安
bothers:n.麻烦; v.给(某人)造成麻烦(或痛苦); (bother的第三人称单数和复数)
PM: Now I'm going to show you a video of an actual grieving mother, Erin Runnion, confronting her daughter's murderer and torturer in court. 现在我给你们看另一个视频 这是一位真正悲伤的母亲 艾琳·兰尼恩 这是她在法庭上与虐杀自己女儿的凶手对质的情形
grieving:v.悲伤,悲痛,伤心;使悲伤;使伤心;(grieve的现在分词) confronting:v.直面;无法回避;降临于;处理;对抗;(confront的现在分词) torturer:n.虐待者,拷问者;
Here you're going to see no false emotion , just the authentic expression of a mother's agony . 你完全看不到任何虚假的情绪 这是一位心痛欲绝的母亲真实的哭斥
emotion:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感; authentic:adj.真正的,真实的;可信的; agony:n.苦恼;极大的痛苦;临死的挣扎;
(Video) Erin Runnion: I wrote this statement on the third anniversary of the night you took my baby, and you hurt her, and you crushed her, you terrified her until her heart stopped. （视频）艾琳·兰尼恩:在你带走我宝贝的三年后的同一天 我写下了这段话 把她打得体无完肤 害她惊恐万状 直到她心脏停止了跳动
statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; crushed:v.压坏;压伤;挤压变形;(crush的过去分词和过去式)
And she fought, and I know she fought you. 她反抗了 我知道她反抗了
But I know she looked at you with those amazing brown eyes, and you still wanted to kill her. 我也知道她用她那双 而你还是对她痛下杀手
And I don't understand it, and I never will. 我不能理解 永远都不能理解
PM: Okay, there's no doubting the veracity of those emotions .
veracity:n.诚实;精确性;老实;说真实话; emotions:n.强烈的感情;激情;情感;(emotion的复数)
Now the technology around what the truth looks like is progressing on, the science of it. 现在的测谎技术 正在日新月异地发展
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
We know, for example, that we now have specialized eye trackers and infrared brain scans, 比如说 我们有专门的眼球追踪仪 红外线脑部扫描
specialized:adj.专业的; v.专门研究(或从事); (specialize的过去式和过去分词) trackers:n.追踪者(tracker的复数形式); infrared:n.红外线;adj.红外线的;
MRI's that can decode the signals that our bodies send out when we're trying to be deceptive. 还有能够破解我们说谎时 身体发射信号的核磁共振成像技术
decode:vt.[计][通信]译码,解码;vi.从事破译工作;
And these technologies are going to be marketed to all of us as panaceas for deceit , and they will prove incredibly useful some day. 这些技术得到广泛推广 成了测谎的保障 有朝一日 这些技术会发挥意想不到的作用
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); deceit:n.欺骗;谎言;欺诈手段; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
But you've got to ask yourself in the meantime : 但与此同时 你们必须扪心自问
in the meantime:在此期间;于此际;
Who do you want on your side of the meeting, someone who's trained in getting to the truth or some guy who's going to drag a 400-pound electroencephalogram through the door? 在开会时 你希望来的是一位训练有素的测谎专家呢 还是看着一个拖着重达400磅脑电图仪的家伙
drag:v.拖曳;生拉硬拽;拖动;n.拖累;令人厌烦的人;累赘;绊脚石; electroencephalogram:n.[内科]脑电图,[内科]脑动电流图;
Liespotters rely on human tools. 识谎者依赖的是人性的工具
They know, as someone once said, "Character's who you are in the dark." 有人曾说 他们知道 “人格就是黑暗中的人类本性”
And what's kind of interesting is that today, we have so little darkness. 有意思的是
Our world is lit up 24 hours a day. 我们的世界全天24个小时都是亮堂堂的
It's transparent with blogs and social networks broadcasting the buzz of a whole new generation of people that have made a choice to live their lives in public. 博客和社交网站 这代人选择活在公众的目光之下
transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的; blogs:n.网志;博客;v.写网志;写博客;(blog的第三人称单数和复数) buzz:n.嗡嗡声; v.发出嗡嗡声;
It's a much more noisy world. 世界现在更加嘈杂
So one challenge we have is to remember, oversharing , that's not honesty. 因此我们必须 过度分享不等于诚实
oversharing:n.(过于私人或细节的)信息;v.过度分享;(overshare的现在分词)
Our manic tweeting and texting can blind us to the fact that the subtleties of human decency -- character integrity -- that's still what matters, that's always what's going to matter. 疯狂地发微博 发短信 即人类的道德正义
manic:adj.躁狂的;狂热的;n.躁狂症者; tweeting:吱吱地叫(小鸟鸣叫);在社交网站Twitter上发微博(tweet的现在分词); subtleties:n.微妙;阴险;敏锐(subtlety的复数); decency:n.正派;体面;庄重;合乎礼仪;礼貌; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正;
So in this much noisier world, it might make sense for us to be just a little bit more explicit about our moral code. 我们对道德准则 稍微较真儿一点
make sense:有意义;讲得通;言之有理; explicit:adj.明确的;清楚的;直率的;详述的;
When you combine the science of recognizing deception with the art of looking, listening, you exempt yourself from collaborating in a lie. 当你把观察和倾听的艺术 你就不会上当受骗
recognizing:v.认识;认出;承认;接受,赞成(recognize的现在分词) exempt:vt.免除;豁免;adj.被免除的;被豁免的;n.免税者;被免除义务者; collaborating:v.合作;协作;通敌;勾结敌人;(collaborate的现在分词)
You start up that path of being just a little bit more explicit, because you signal to everyone around you, you say, "Hey, my world, our world, it's going to be an honest one. 你可以 因为你在对周围所有人发出信号 你在说:“ 哎,我的世界,我们的世界,
My world is going to be one where truth is strengthened and falsehood is recognized and marginalized ." 在我的世界中,真相得到捍卫,
falsehood:n.说谎;假话;不真实;错误的信仰; recognized:v.认识;认出;辨别出;承认;意识到;(recognize的过去分词和过去式) marginalized:使边缘化;忽略;排斥(marginalize的过去式和过去分词);
And when you do that, the ground around you starts to shift just a little bit. 这么做 能让你脚下的世界一点一点地发生改变
And that's the truth. Thank you. 这可一点不假 感谢大家
(Applause) （众人鼓掌）