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PWSinger_2009-_军事机器人和战争的未来_
What we're gonna do is actually just flash a series of photos behind me, that show you the reality of robots used in war right now, or already at the prototype stage. 接下来,我要播放一系列图片, 接下来,我要播放一系列图片, 展示给大家看战争中正在使用的机器人,或者已经进入原型阶段的机器人。 展示给大家看战争中正在使用的机器人,或者已经进入原型阶段的机器人。
flash:n.闪光; v.闪光; adj.庞大的; series:n.系列,连续;[电]串联;级数;丛书; prototype:n.原型;雏形;最初形态;
It's just to give you a taste. 让大家真实体验一下。
Another way of putting it is, you're not going to see anything that's powered by Vulcan technology , or teenage wizard hormones or anything like that, this is all real. 换句话说,你将看到的既不是瓦肯星人科技（科幻电影 星际迷航）, 换句话说,你将看到的既不是瓦肯星人科技（科幻电影 星际迷航）, 也不是激素过剩的小巫师的魔法（指哈里波特）,所有都是真实的。
Vulcan:n.伏尔甘(火和锻冶的神); technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; wizard:n.男巫;术士;奇才;adj.男巫的;巫术的; hormones:n.[生理]激素;荷尔蒙;性激素;荷尔蒙制剂(hormone的复数);
So why don't we go ahead and start those pictures? 现在就来看看这些图片吧。
Something big is going on in war today, and maybe even in the history of humanity itself. 一些巨大的变化正在战争中出现, 即使在人类历史上也算是巨大的变化。
humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科;
The U.S. Military went into Iraq with a handful of drones in the air, we now have 5,300. 当初,派到伊拉克的美军只有少数几架无人机, 当初,派到伊拉克的美军只有少数几架无人机, 现在我们有5300架。
Military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; drones:v.嗡嗡叫;嗡嗡响;(drone的第三人称单数)
We went in with zero unmanned ground systems, we now have 12,000. 我们当初去的时候没有无人地面系统, 现在我们有12000台。
unmanned:adj.无人的; v.使失去男子气质(unman的过去式和过去分词形式);
And the tech term " killer application " 科技词汇“杀手锏应用”（Killer application）
killer application:n.杀手级应用程序(促使人们购买或使用其操作系统等的受欢迎计算机程序);
takes on new meaning in this space. 现在有了新的含义。
We need to remember that we are talking about the Model T4s, the Wright Fliers , compared to what's coming soon. 请记住,我们这里要讲的是可以和 福特T4型汽车,赖特兄弟的飞机,相媲美的新生事物。 福特T4型汽车,赖特兄弟的飞机,相媲美的新生事物。
Wright:n.制作者;工人; Fliers:n.飞行员;飞机乘客;小广告;(flier的复数) compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词)
That's where we're at right now. 这就是当前的形势。
One of the people that I recently met with was an Air Force three star general, and he said, " Basically where we're headed, very soon, is tens of thousands of robots operating in our conflicts ." 最近我见到一位空军三星上将, 他说:“基本上,很快,战场上将出现数以万计的机器人。” 他说:“基本上,很快,战场上将出现数以万计的机器人。”
recently:adv.最近;新近; Air Force:n.空军; Basically:adv.主要地,基本上; conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
And these numbers matter because we're not just talking about tens of thousands of today's robots, but tens of thousands of these prototypes , and tomorrows robots. 这些数字很重要,因为我们谈论的 不光是今天数以万计的机器人, 还有现在的原型机和将来的机器人。
prototypes:n.原型;技术原型;雏型;
Because of course, one of the things that is operating in technology is 当然,因为根据技术上的摩尔定律,我们能赋予那些机器人越来越强大的运算能力。
Moore's Law, that you can pack in more and more computing power into those robots. 当然,因为根据技术上的摩尔定律,我们能赋予那些机器人越来越强大的运算能力。
computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词)
So flash forward around 25 years, if Moore's holds true, those robots will be close to a billion times more powerful in their computing, than today. 就是说25年后, 如果摩尔定律正确,那么机器人的运算能力将提高数十亿倍。 如果摩尔定律正确,那么机器人的运算能力将提高数十亿倍。 如果摩尔定律正确,那么机器人的运算能力将提高数十亿倍。
flash forward:n.提前叙述未来事件(小说,电影等中的);
And so what that means is the kind of things that we used to only talk about at science fiction conventions like Comicon, have to be talked about in the halls of power, in places like the Pentagon . 这意味着,以前只在动漫大会和科幻大会上才讨论的东西, 这意味着,以前只在动漫大会和科幻大会上才讨论的东西, 现在要登上台面,在五角大楼这类地方讨论了。 现在要登上台面,在五角大楼这类地方讨论了。
science fiction:科幻小说; conventions:n.[法]惯例;会议;[计]约定(convention的复数); Pentagon:n.五角形;
A robots revolution is upon us. 机器人革命即将来临。
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
Now I need to be clear here. 这里需要明确的是
I'm not talking about a revolution where you have to worry about the governor of California showing up at your door a la the Terminator . 所谓的革命,不是要你担心加州州长会变成“魔鬼终结者”到你家。(加州州长施瓦辛格曾主演电影《魔鬼终结者》) 所谓的革命,不是要你担心加州州长会变成“魔鬼终结者”到你家。(加州州长施瓦辛格曾主演电影《魔鬼终结者》)
Terminator:n.终结者;终止子;明暗界限;
When historians look at this period they're going to conclude that we're at a different type of revolution, a revolution in war, like the invention of the atomic bomb. 当历史学家回顾这一时期的时候,他们会说 我们正处在一场战争革命中,就像原子弹的发明。 我们正处在一场战争革命中,就像原子弹的发明。 我们正处在一场战争革命中,就像原子弹的发明。
conclude:v.断定:得出结论:终止:达成:缔结(协定) atomic:adj.原子的,原子能的;微粒子的;
But it may be even bigger than that, because our unmanned systems don't just affect the "how" of war fighting, they affect the "who" of fighting at it's most fundamental level. 而且可能更伟大,因为我们的无人系统 不仅影响了作战方式,而且还从根本上影响了作战的“人”。 不仅影响了作战方式,而且还从根本上影响了作战的“人”。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
That is, every previous revolution in war be it the machine gun , be in the atomic bomb was about a system that either shot faster, went further, had a bigger boom , that's certainly the case with robotics . 就是说,以前的战争革命 不管是机关枪,还是原子弹 都是使系统 射速高些,射程远些, 爆炸力强些, 机器人技术也是这样。
previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前; machine gun:n.机关枪;vt.用机关枪向…射击;vi.用机关枪射击; boom:n.繁荣;吊杆;v.激增;繁荣昌盛;轰鸣;轰响;adj.(美)猛涨起来的; robotics:n.机器人学;
But they also change the experience of the warrior , and even the very identity of the warrior. 同时还改变了战士的体验, 甚至是战士的身份。
warrior:n.勇士; identity:n.身份;同一性,一致;特性;恒等式;
Another way of putting this is that mankind's 5,000 year old monopoly on the fighting of war is breaking down in our very lifetime. 换一种说法,就是说人类对战争的5000年垄断即将结束。 换一种说法,就是说人类对战争的5000年垄断即将结束。 换一种说法,就是说人类对战争的5000年垄断即将结束。
monopoly:n.垄断;垄断者;专卖权;
I spent the last several years going around meeting with all the players in this field, from the robot scientists, to the science fiction authors who inspired them, 我用了好几年时间接触 这一领域形形色色的人,从机器人科学家, 到为他们提供灵感的科幻小说作家,
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式)
to the 19 year old drone pilots who are fighting from Nevada, to the four star generals who command them, to even the Iraqi insurgents who they are targeting, and what they think about our systems. 从来自内华达19岁的开无人机的飞行员们,到指挥他们的四星将军, 从来自内华达19岁的开无人机的飞行员们,到指挥他们的四星将军, 甚至包括作为他们攻击目标的伊拉克叛乱分子们, 看看他们是如何看待我们的系统的。
insurgents:n.叛乱分子(insurgent的复数);
What I found interesting is not just their stories, but how their experiences point to these ripple effects that are going outwards in our society, and our law, and our ethics , et cetera . 我发现有意思的是,不仅他们的故事, 而且他们的经历对我们社会的连带影响, 而且他们的经历对我们社会的连带影响, 对我们的法律,我们的道德伦理,等方面的影响。
ripple:n.波纹;涟漪;[物]涟波;vi.起潺潺声;vt.在…上形成波痕; outwards:adv.向外地; ethics:n.伦理学;伦理观;道德标准; et cetera:na.以及其他;
And so what I'd like to do with my remaining time is basically flesh out a couple of these. 我想用剩下来的时间说说这些。 我想用剩下来的时间说说这些。
flesh:n.肉;肉体;v.喂肉给…;发胖;
So the first is that the future of war, even a robotics one, is not going to be purely an American one. 首先,战争的未来, 甚至是一个机器人,不会是纯粹的美国货。
purely:adv.完全;仅仅;
The U.S. is currently ahead in military robotics right now, but we know that in technology there's no such thing as a permanent first mover advantage . 当前美国在军用机器人领域领先, 但我们知道技术上是不会有永久的先发优势的。 但我们知道技术上是不会有永久的先发优势的。
currently:adv.当前;一般地; permanent:adj.永久的,永恒的;n.烫发; mover:n.原动力;鼓动者;搬运公司;搬家工人; advantage:n.有利条件:优势:优点:
In a quick show of hands, how many people in this room still use Wang computers? 这屋里还有多少人还在用王安电脑,请举手。 这屋里还有多少人还在用王安电脑,请举手。
It's the same thing in war. 战争也一样。
The British and the French invented the tank, the Germans figured out how to use it right. 虽然英法发明的坦克,但德国人搞明白了如何正确地使用。 虽然英法发明的坦克,但德国人搞明白了如何正确地使用。
And so what we have to think about for the U.S. 所以我们要考虑一下美国
is that we are ahead right now, but you have 43 other countries out there working on military robotics, and they include all the interesting countries like 我们现在确实领先, 但还有43个国家 正在研发军用机器人, 这些国家中包括
Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran. 俄罗斯,中国,巴基斯坦,伊朗。
And this raises a bigger worry for me. 这让我很担心。
How do we move forward in this revolution given the state of our manufacturing , and the state of our science and mathmatics training in our schools? 我们如何推进这场革命 依靠现有的制造条件, 现有的学校里的科学和数学教育水平？
manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词);
Another way of thinking about this is, what does it mean to go to war, increasingly with soldiers whose hardware is made in China, and software is written in India? 换句话说, 更多的士兵拿着中国制造的硬件设备,用着印度编写的软件,战争意味着什么？ 更多的士兵拿着中国制造的硬件设备,用着印度编写的软件,战争意味着什么？ 更多的士兵拿着中国制造的硬件设备,用着印度编写的软件,战争意味着什么？
increasingly:adv.越来越多地;渐增地; hardware:n.计算机硬件;五金器具;
But just as software has gone open source , so has warfare . 就像软件可以开源,战争也可以。 就像软件可以开源,战争也可以。
source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; warfare:n.战争;冲突;
Unlike an aircraft carrier , or an atomic bomb, you don't need a massive manufacturing system to build robotics, a lot of it is off the shelf, and some it is even do-it-yourself . 不像航母或者原子弹,制造机器人不需要庞大的工业体系, 不像航母或者原子弹,制造机器人不需要庞大的工业体系, 很多都是现成的, 甚至可以自己攒一个。
aircraft carrier:航母; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; do-it-yourself:adj.自己动手的;n.自己动手;
One of those things that you just saw flash before you was a Raven drone, a hand held tossed one. For about 1,000 dollars you can build one yourself, equivalent to what the soldiers use in Iraq. 现在幻灯里出现的乌鸦无人机就属于这类, 人力投掷发射。大概1000美元就够了 你可以自己造一架, 就像士兵在伊拉克使用的那样。
Raven:v.掠夺;狼吞虎咽地吃;adj.乌黑光亮的;n.渡鸦; tossed:v.扔,抛,掷;甩;(使)摇摆,挥动,颠簸;(toss的过去分词和过去式) equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物;
That raises another wrinkle when it comes to war and conflict, good guys might play around , and work on these as hobby kits , but so might bad guys. 这就在战争中产生了另一个问题, 好人可以像玩具一样玩,坏人也可以。 好人可以像玩具一样玩,坏人也可以。
wrinkle:n.皱纹;皱褶,皱痕;v.(使脸上)起皱纹;皱起; play around:玩耍;胡搞;轻率对待; kits:n.装备;小桶;锦囊(kit的复数);
This cross between robotics, and things like terrorism , is going to be fascinating and even disturbing . 游走在机器人技术和恐怖主义之间,让人着迷并困扰。 游走在机器人技术和恐怖主义之间,让人着迷并困扰。
terrorism:n.恐怖主义; fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) disturbing:adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的;v.打扰;干扰;搅乱;使不安;(disturb的现在分词)
We've already seen it start. 我们已经初见端倪了。
During the war between Israel , a state, and Hezboulah, a non-state actor, the non-state actor flew four different drones against Israel. 以色列作为国家,和黎巴嫩真主党非国家角色之间的战争。 以色列作为国家,和黎巴嫩真主党非国家角色之间的战争。 真主党用四种不同的无人机对抗以色列。
Israel:n.以色列(亚洲国家);犹太人,以色列人;
There is already a Jehadi website that you can go on and remotely detonate an IED in Iraq, while sitting at your home computer. 你可以通过一个圣战网站 坐在家里,远程遥控引爆在伊拉克的一个简易爆炸装置。 坐在家里,远程遥控引爆在伊拉克的一个简易爆炸装置。
remotely:adv.遥远地;偏僻地;(程度)极微地,极轻地; detonate:v.(使)爆炸;引爆;起爆;
And so what I think we're going to see is two trends take place with this. 所以我认为我们将面临两方面趋势。
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数) take place:发生;举行;
First is your going to reinforce the power of individuals against governments. 首先,强化个人对抗政府的能力。 首先,强化个人对抗政府的能力。
reinforce:vt.加强,加固; vi.求援; n.加强; individuals:n.[经]个人;[生物]个体(individual的复数);
The second is that we are going to see an expansion in the realm of terrorism. 其次,我们将面临恐怖主义的扩散。 其次,我们将面临恐怖主义的扩散。
expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大; realm:n.领域,范围;王国;
The future of it may be a cross between Al Qaeda 2.0, and the next generation of the Unabomber . 将来就会出现,基地组织2.0版和下一代的邮包炸弹案犯的综合应用。 将来就会出现,基地组织2.0版和下一代的邮包炸弹案犯的综合应用。
Unabomber:n.智能炸弹客;
Another way of thinking about this is the fact that, remember you don't have to convince a robot that they are going to recieve 72 virgins after they die, to convince them to blow themselves up. 也可以这样想, 你不用安慰自杀炸弹机器人,告诉他们死后会有72个穆斯林仙女。 你不用安慰自杀炸弹机器人,告诉他们死后会有72个穆斯林仙女。 你不用安慰自杀炸弹机器人,告诉他们死后会有72个穆斯林仙女。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; virgins:n.处女;童男;无…经验的人;新手;(virgin的复数)
But the ripple effects of this are going to go out into our politics . 但面临的是政治上的连锁反应。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
One of the people I met was a former Assistant Secretary of Defence for Ronald Regan. And he put it this way, quote , "I like these systems because they save American lives, but I worry about more marketization of wars, more shock and awe talk to defray discussion of the cost. 我接触过里根政府国防部前助理秘书长。 他这样说到: “我喜欢这些系统,因为它们可以减少美军伤亡, 但我担心战争的市场化, 担心关于付出代价的骇人听闻的言论。
quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用; awe:vt.使敬畏;使畏怯;n.敬畏; defray:vt.支出;支付;
People are more likely to support the use of force if they view it as costless ." 如果没有代价的话,人们更加喜欢选择动武。“ 如果没有代价的话,人们更加喜欢选择动武。“
costless:adj.不花钱的;无须付出代价的;
Robots for me take certain trends that are already in play in our body politic , and maybe take them to their logical ending point. 对我来说,机器人在我们国家已经成为趋势, 对我来说,机器人在我们国家已经成为趋势, 可能会把它们带到合理的终点。
body politic:n.全体人民; logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的;
We don't have a draft . 我们不再需要征兵。
draft:n.草案; v.起草; adj.供役使的;
We don't have declarations of war anymore. 我们不再需要宣战。
declarations:n.[法]声明(declaration的复数);
We don't buy war bonds anymore. 我们不用再购买战争债券。
And now we have the fact that we're converting more and more of our American soldiers that we would send into harms way into machines, and so we may take those already lowering bars to war and drop them to the ground. 现在的现实是,我们把越来越多的危险任务由美国大兵换成机器人, 现在的现实是,我们把越来越多的危险任务由美国大兵换成机器人, 现在的现实是,我们把越来越多的危险任务由美国大兵换成机器人, 这样一来就可以把已经很低的战争伤亡降到零。 这样一来就可以把已经很低的战争伤亡降到零。
converting:v.(使)转变,转换,转化;可转变为;归附;(convert的现在分词)
But the future of war is also going to be a YouTube war. 同时,未来的战争将会成为YouTube战争。
That is, our new technologies don't merely remove humans from risk, they also record everything that they see. 就是说,新技术不仅可以避免人员伤亡, 而且还可以录制下看到的一切。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); merely:adv.仅仅,只不过;只是;
So they don't just delink the public, they reshape it's relationship with war. 这样不仅可以隔离公众, 还可以重塑公众和战争的关系。
reshape:vt.改造;再成形;
There's already several thousand video clips of combat footage from Iraq, on YouTube right now, most of it gathered by drones. YouTube上已经有好几千段伊拉克战争的录像 YouTube上已经有好几千段伊拉克战争的录像 大多是无人机拍摄的。
clips:n.夹子; v.夹住; combat:v.战斗;防止;减轻;与…搏斗;n.战斗;搏斗;打仗; footage:n.英尺长度;连续镜头;以尺计算长度;
Now this could be a good thing, it could be building connections between the home front , and the war front as never before. 这是好事,可以建立前所未有的前方和后方的联系。 这是好事,可以建立前所未有的前方和后方的联系。
home front:n.(战时的)后方民众;
But remember this is taking place in our strange weird world, 不过同时要记住这发生在我们光怪陆离的世界, 不过同时要记住这发生在我们光怪陆离的世界,
weird:adj.奇怪的;奇异的;离奇的;n.命运;宿命;命运女神;
And so inevitably the ability to download these video clips to your IPod or your Zune gives you the ability to turn it into entertainment. 所以,你可以把这些视频片段下载到 你的IPod或Zune中 你就不可避免得会把它们当成娱乐。
inevitably:adv.不可避免地;必然地;
Soldiers have a name for these clips, they call it war porn . 士兵们给这些视频片段起了个名字 叫“战争色情片”。
porn:n.淫秽作品;色情书刊(或音像制品等)(等于pornography);
A typical one that I was sent, was an email that had an attachment of video of a predator strike, taking out an enemy site , missile hits, bodies burst into air at the explosion . 比如,有人就给我发了一封电子邮件 附件中就有“捕食者”无人机打击的视频, 攻击一个敌方据点,导弹打击, 血肉横飞。
typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; attachment:n.附件;依恋;连接物;扣押财产; predator:n.[动]捕食者;[动]食肉动物;掠夺者; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址; missile:n.导弹;发射物;投掷物; burst into:闯入;情绪的突然发作; explosion:n.爆炸;爆发;激增;
It was set to music, it was set to the pop song "I Just Want to Fly" by Sugar Ray. 还配了乐, 流行歌曲 Sugar Ray的“我只想飞”。
This ability to watch more but experience less, creates a wrinkle in the public's relationship with war. 看得多, 经历的少, 产生了公众和战争之间的隔阂。
I think about this with a sports parallel . 可以用一种体育运动打比方。
parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等);
It's like the difference between watching an NBA game, a professional basketball game, on TV, 区别就像看电视里NBA职业篮球赛, 区别就像看电视里NBA职业篮球赛,
professional:adj.专业的;职业的;职业性的;n.专业人员;职业运动员;
Where the Athletes are tiny figures on the screen. 在电视画面里运动员只是个小人。
Athletes:n.运动员;身强体健的人(athlete的复数形式);
And being at that basketball game in person, and realizing what someone seven feet really does look like. 真到篮球场上才知道两米高的大汉有多高。 真到篮球场上才知道两米高的大汉有多高。
But we have to remember, these are just the clips, these are just the ESPN sports center version of the game. 我们应该记住,这些只是些视频片断, 只是ESPN体育中心版。
They lose the context , they lose the strategy , they lose the humanity, war just becomes slam dunks , and smart bombs. 他们缺少大环境,缺少战略, 缺乏人性,战争仅仅变成了扣篮表演和智能炸弹。
context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉; strategy:n.策略;行动计划;部署;战略; slam:v.(使…)砰地关上; n.猛关(或推,摔,撞等); dunks:v.扣篮(dunk的第三人称单数);n.黑色炭质页岩;
Now the irony of all this is that, while the future of war may involve more and more machines, it's our human psychology that's driving all of this, it's our human failings that are leading to these wars. 其上这些的讽刺在于, 虽然未来战争可能越来越多的依靠机器, 但是却是人的心理驱动这一切,人类的缺点导致了战争。 但是却是人的心理驱动这一切,人类的缺点导致了战争。
irony:n.讽刺;反语;具有讽刺意味的事;adj.铁的;似铁的; involve:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加; psychology:n.心理学;心理状态; failings:n.失败; prep.如果没有…; adj.失败的; v.失败;
So one example of this that has big resonance in the policy realm, is how this plays out on our very real war of ideas, that we're fighting against radical groups. 例如,政策方面引起的强烈共鸣, 就是如何与激进组织对抗的真实的战争中发挥作用。 就是如何与激进组织对抗的真实的战争中发挥作用。
resonance:n.[力]共振;共鸣;反响; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; radical:n.自由基;激进分子;游离基;adj.根本的;彻底的;完全的;全新的;
What is the message that we think we are sending with these machines, versus what is being received in terms of the message. 我们通过这些机器传达的信息是什么呢,对方是怎么理解的呢？ 我们通过这些机器传达的信息是什么呢,对方是怎么理解的呢？ 我们通过这些机器传达的信息是什么呢,对方是怎么理解的呢？
versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗;
One of the people that I met was senior Bush administration official who had this to say about our unmanning of war, quote, "It plays to our strength. 我接触过一位布什政府高级官员 就曾就无人战争发表意见 “就是展示我们的实力。
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人; Bush:n.灌木; v.以灌木装饰; adj.如灌木般长得低矮的; official:adj.官方的;正式的;公务的;n.官员;公务员;高级职员;
the thing that scares people is our technology" 使他们惧怕的是我们的科技。“
but when you go out and meet with people, for example in Lebanon , it's a very different story. One of the people I met with there was a news editor, and we're talking as a drone is flying above him. 不过如果你出去了解一下,比如黎巴嫩, 情况就完全不同。我就遇到过一位 新闻编辑,我们交谈的时候恰巧有一架无人机飞过。
Lebanon:n.黎巴嫩(西南亚国家,位于地中海东岸);
This is what he had to say, quote, "This is just another sign of the cold hearted , cruel Israelis and Americans, who are cowards because they send out machines to fight us. 这是他所说的: “这是冷血的另一个符号, 残酷的以色列人和美国人, 他们是懦夫,因为它们派机器和我们作战。
cold hearted:adj.冷酷的;冷酷之心;冷血;冰凉的心; Israelis:以色列人,以色列国民(Israeli的名词复数); cowards:n.懦夫;(coward的复数)
They don't want to fight us like real men, but they're afraid to fight. 他们不想像真正男人那样战斗,因为他们害怕战斗。
So we just have to kill a few of their soldiers to defeat them." 所以我们必须干掉一些他们的士兵, 去打败他们。“
The future of war also is featuring a new type of warrior. 未来的战争还会催生出一种新型战士。
And it's actually redefining the experience of going to war, you can call this a cubicle warrior. 它重新定义了战斗经验, 你可以叫他们“卧室战士”。
redefining:v.改变…的本质(或界限);重新定义;使重新考虑;(redefine的现在分词) cubicle:n.小卧室;小隔间;
This is what one Predator drone pilot described of his his experience fighting in the Iraq war, while never leaving Nevada, quote, "You're going to war for 12 hours, 如下是一位“捕食者”无人机驾驶员描述他在伊拉克的作战经历, 如下是一位“捕食者”无人机驾驶员描述他在伊拉克的作战经历, 他从未离开内华达州, “你要打12小时的仗,
described:v.描述;形容;把…称为;做…运动;(describe的过去分词和过去式)
shooting weapons at targets, directing kills on enemy combatants and then you get in the car and you drive home, and within 20 minutes you're sitting at the dinner table talking to your kids about their homework." 向目标开火,直接杀死敌军人员 然后开车回家, 20分钟后你就可以坐下来吃晚饭 和孩子谈论他们的功课。“
combatants:n.战士;争斗者;adj.战斗的;好斗的; dinner table:n.餐桌;同一桌进餐;
Now the psychological balancing of those experiences is incredibly tough. 现在平衡那些经历者的心理相当艰难。
psychological:adj.心理的;心理学的;精神上的; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
And in fact those drone pilots have higher rates of PTSD than many of the units physically in Iraq. 实际上,无人机驾驶员PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)的发病率, 实际上,无人机驾驶员PTSD(创伤后应激障碍)的发病率, 比亲身到伊拉克的士兵还要高。
PTSD:abbr.创伤后精神紧张性精神障碍(post-traumaticstressdisorder);
But some have worries that this disconnection will lead to something else, that it might make the contemplation of war crimes a lot easier, when you have this distance. 同时,还有人担心这样的脱节会导致其他后果, 因为,当你远离战场的时候,这可能导致战争犯罪变得更容易。 因为,当你远离战场的时候,这可能导致战争犯罪变得更容易。
disconnection:n.[电]断开;分离,切断; contemplation:n.沉思;注视;意图;
'"It's like a video game " is what one young pilot described to me, of taking out enemy troops from afar . 一个年轻的驾驶员告诉我,远距离歼敌“这就像打视频游戏” 一个年轻的驾驶员告诉我,远距离歼敌“这就像打视频游戏”。
video game:n.电子游戏; afar:adv.遥远地;在远处;
As anyone who's played Grand Theft Auto knows, we do things in the video world that we wouldn't do face to face. 玩过“侠盗猎车手”的人都知道, 游戏中我们会做出现实生活中不会做的事。 游戏中我们会做出现实生活中不会做的事。
Auto:n.汽车;v.坐汽车;
So, much of what you're hearing from me is that, there is another side to technologic revolutions , and that it is shaping our present, and maybe will shape our future of war. 我想说的更多的就是, 技术革命的另一面, 可能正在塑造我们现在,可能也塑造了战争的未来。
technologic:adj.技术[工程](上)的;因工艺技术高度发展而引起的; revolutions:n.革命,转数(revolution的复数形式);
Moore's Law is operative , but so is Murphy 's Law. 摩尔定律可行, 墨菲定律也适用。（墨菲定律:有可能出错的事情,就会出错）
operative:adj.有效的;运转着的;从事生产劳动的;n.侦探;技工; Murphy:n.马铃薯,土豆;
The fog of war isn't being lifted, the enemy has a vote, we're gaining incredible new capabilities. 战争硝烟未散, 敌人有个结论,我们获得新的作战能力。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
But we're also seeing and experiencing new human dilemmas . 但我们也面临人类的新困境。
dilemmas:n.困境(dilemma的复数);
Now sometimes these are just "oops" moments, which is how the head of a robotics company described it "You just have oops moments." Well what are oops moments with robots and war? Well sometimes they're funny. 有时会有“惊讶”的时刻, 机器人公司的主管会这样描述: “你会有惊讶的时刻”。机器人和战争的惊讶时刻是什么呢？ 有时候很有趣。
Sometimes they're like that scene from the 有时就像艾迪墨菲的电影“最佳防御”里面的场景出现在现实中,
Eddie Murphy movie, Best Defense, playing out in reality, where they tested out a machine gun armed robot and during the demonstration it started spinning in a circle and pointed its machine gun at the reviewing stand of VIPs. 有时就像艾迪墨菲的电影“最佳防御”里面的场景出现在现实中, 电影中他们测试持枪机器人 演示的时候机器人转了一圈, 把枪对准了 现场的嘉宾。
demonstration:n.示范;演示;论证;证明; spinning:n.纺纱(手艺):纺线v.(使)旋转:纺线:纺纱;(spin的现在分词) reviewing:v.复查;重新考虑;反思;评论;(review的现在分词)
Fortunately the weapon wasn't loaded and no one was hurt. 幸运的是武器没有子弹,没有人受伤。
Fortunately:adv.幸运地;
But other times oops moments are tragic , such as last year in South Africa, where an anti-aircraft cannon had a, quote, "software glitch " 但其它惊讶时刻就是悲剧, 比如去年南非, 一门防空大炮 “软件故障“造成走火,导致九名士兵死亡。
tragic:adj.悲剧的;悲痛的,不幸的; anti-aircraft:adj.防空用的;n.防空兵器;防空部队(等于antiaircraft); cannon:n.(通常装有轮子并发射铁弹或石弹的旧式)大炮;v.猛撞;碰撞; glitch:n.小故障;失灵;[电子]短时脉冲波干扰;
and actually did turn on, and fired, and nine soldiers were killed. “软件故障“造成走火,导致九名士兵死亡。 “软件故障“造成走火,导致九名士兵死亡。
We have new wrinkles in the laws of war and accountability . 在战争和责任的法律上我们存在一个新问题。
wrinkles:n.皱纹;皱痕;v.起皱纹;皱起;(使)起皱褶;(wrinkle的第三人称单数和复数) accountability:n.有义务;有责任;可说明性;
What do we do with things like unmanned slaughter ? 我们如何处理无人屠杀呢？
slaughter:vt.屠宰,屠杀;杀戮;使惨败;n.屠宰,屠杀;杀戮;消灭;
What is unmanned slaughter? 什么是无人屠杀？
We've already had three instances of 我们已经有了三个“捕食者”无人机误伤的例子。
instances:n.相依物体,例子; v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式);
Predator drone strikes where we thought we got Bin Laden , and it turned out not to be the case. 我们以为攻击目标是本拉登。 结果却不是。
Laden:adj.负载的; vt.装载(等于lade); vi.装载(等于lade); v.装载(lade的过去分词);
This is where we're at right now. 这就是我们当前的情况。
This is not even talking about armed autonomous systems with full authority to use force, and do not believe that that isn't coming. 我们还没有讨论有自动开火的权利的全自动武器系统,不要以为这不会发生。 我们还没有讨论有自动开火的权利的全自动武器系统,不要以为这不会发生。 不要不相信,这不会发生。
autonomous:adj.自治的;自主的;自发的; authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
During my research I came across four different Pentagon projects on different aspects of that. 在研究过程中,我曾接触过四个从不同层面研讨的关于此问题的五角大楼项目。 在研究过程中,我曾接触过四个从不同层面研讨的关于此问题的五角大楼项目。
aspects:n.方面;相位;面貌(aspect的复数);
And so you have this question. What does this lead to issues like war crimes? 因此就有此问。关于什么导致战争犯罪的问题？
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
Robots are emotionless , so they don't get upset if their buddy is killed. 机器人没有感情, 它们不会为同伴死亡感到难过。
emotionless:adj.没有情感的;不露情感的; upset:adj.沮丧; v.打乱; n.苦恼; (意外的)混乱; buddy:n.伙伴,好朋友;密友;小男孩;v.做好朋友,交朋友;
They don't commit crimes of rage , and revenge . 它们不发怒也不报复。
commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处; rage:n.狂怒;暴怒;(某情况引起的)愤怒;v.发怒;怒斥;猛烈地继续;激烈进行; revenge:n.报复;复仇;v.报复;替…报仇;洗雪;
But robots are emotionless, they see an 80 year old grandmother in a wheelchair the same way they see a T80 tank. 因为机器人没有感情, 它们看到80岁轮椅上的老祖母 和T80坦克一样。
wheelchair:n.轮椅;
They're both just a series of zeros and ones. 都只是一串0和1而已。
And so we have this question to figure out, how do we catch up our 20th century laws of war, that are so old right now that they could qualify for Medicare , to these 21st century technologies. 所以我们有个问题需要搞清楚, 我们如何修改20世纪战争定律, 对于21世纪科技,都是老掉牙的了。 对于21世纪科技,都是老掉牙的了。
qualify for:合格;有…的资格; Medicare:n.(美,加)医疗保险(等于medicare);
In conclusion , I've talked about what seems the future of war, but notice that I've only used real world examples, and you've only seen real world pictures and videos. 综上所述,我已经谈及战争的未来, 但注意我只用真实的例子, 你也只看到了图片和视频。
In conclusion:总之;最后;
This sets a great challenge for all of us, that we have to worry about well before you have to worry about your Roomba sucking the life away from you. 这是对我们所有人来说都是大挑战, 在你担心Roomba(真空吸尘器机器人)吸掉你的老命之前,我们必须开始担心。 在你担心Roomba(真空吸尘器机器人)吸掉你的老命之前,我们必须开始担心。
sucking:adj.吮吸的;没有断奶的;v.吮吸;吸;咂;抽取;(suck的现在分词)
Are we going to let the fact that what is unveiling itself right now in war sounds like science fiction and therefore keeps us in denial . 我们要让战争中才显示出来的像科幻小说一样的东西,一直置之不理吗？ 我们要让战争中才显示出来的像科幻小说一样的东西,一直置之不理吗？ 我们要让战争中才显示出来的像科幻小说一样的东西,一直置之不理吗？
unveiling:n.揭幕;计划公布;v.为…揭幕;(首次)展示,介绍;(unveil的现在分词) denial:n.否认;否定;剥夺(应有的权利);拒不承认(令人不快、痛苦的事);
Are we going to face the reality of 21st century war? 我们要面对21世纪的战争现实吗？
Is our generation going to make the same mistake that a past generation did with atomic weaponry , and not deal with the issues that surround it until pandora's box was already opened up? 我们这一代会犯和上一代人用原子武器犯的相同的错误吗？ 我们这一代会犯和上一代人用原子武器犯的相同的错误吗？ 而且不理会与之相关的诸多问题, 直到潘多拉魔盒被打开？
weaponry:n.兵器,武器(总称);
Now I could be wrong on this and one Pentagon robot scientist told me that I was, he said, "There's no real, social, ethical , moral issues when it comes to robots. 也许我错了,一个五角大楼机器人科学家告诉我,我错了, 他说:“对于机器人,没有真实的社会的伦理道德的问题“
ethical:adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的;n.处方药; moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的;
That is, " he added " unless the machine kills the wrong people repeatedly ," 他还说 除非机器人不断误杀
repeatedly:adv.反复地;再三地;屡次地;
quote, "then it's just a product recall issue." “那也只是产品召回问题。”
recall:v.记起;回想起;使想到;勾起;召回;n.记忆力;记性;回归请求;回收令;
And so, the ending point for this is that, actually we can turn to Hollywood. 终结点就是, 我们可以看看好莱坞。
A few years ago Hollywood gathered all the top characters and created a list of the top 100 heros, and top 100 villains of all of Hollywood history the characters that represented the best, and worst of humanity, only one character made it on to both lists, 几年前,好莱坞集中所有顶级角色, 列出了好莱坞历史上前100名英雄和前100名坏蛋, 列出了好莱坞历史上前100名英雄和前100名坏蛋, 在最好的和最坏的人性中, 只有一个角色出现在两个名单上,
villains:n.恶棍;反派角色(villain的复数); represented:v.代表; (represent的过去式和过去分词)
The Terminator, a robot killing machine. “魔鬼终结者”一部杀人机器。
That points to the fact that our machines can be used for both good, and evil , but for me it points to the fact that there is a duality of humans as well. 这说明,我们的机器 既可以行善,也可以做恶, 对我来说也说明了 人性的两面性。
evil:adj.邪恶的;不幸的;有害的;讨厌的;n.罪恶,邪恶;不幸; duality:n.二元性;[物]二象性;
This week is a celebration of our creativity. 这周我们庆祝我们的创造力。
Our creativity has taken our species to the stars. 创造力把我们带到其他星球。
species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
Our creativity has created works of arts and literature to express our love, and now we're using our creativity in a certain direction to build fantastic machines, with incredible capabilities, maybe even one day, an entirely new species. 我们的创造力催生了艺术和文学作品,以此表达我们的爱, 我们的创造力催生了艺术和文学作品,以此表达我们的爱, 现在我们正在特定的方向上,运用自己无穷的创造力,建造了不起的机器, 现在我们正在特定的方向上,运用自己无穷的创造力,建造了不起的机器, 现在我们正在特定的方向上,运用自己无穷的创造力,建造了不起的机器, 没准有一天,我们会创造出一个全新的物种。
literature:n.文学;文献;文艺;著作; express:v.表达; adj.特快的; n.特快列车; v.使用快速服务; fantastic:奇异的,空想的
But one of the main reasons that we're doing that is because of our drive to destroy each other. 但我们创造的动力之一就是互相厮杀。 但我们创造的动力之一就是互相厮杀。
And so the question we all should ask, is it our machines, or is it us, that's wired for war? 所以我们要问, 是机器,还是人类,在操纵战争？
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （鼓掌）