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OskarEustis_2018-_为什么戏院对民主很重要_
Theater matters because democracy matters. 戲院很重要是因為民主很重要。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
Theater is the essential art form of democracy, and we know this because they were born in the same city. 戲院是民主的根本藝術形式, 我們知道這一點, 是因為它們在同一個城市誕生。
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
In the late 6th century BC, the idea of Western democracy was born. 在西元六世紀末期, 西方民主的想法誕生了。
It was, of course, a very partial and flawed democracy, but the idea that power should stem from the consent of the governed, that power should flow from below to above, not the other way around, was born in that decade. 當然,在那時, 它只是個很不完全、 有瑕疵的民主, 但,權力應該來自於 被治理者的同意, 權力的流動方向應該是由下而上, 而非由上而下, 此想法在那十年中誕生。
partial:adj.部分的;不完整的;片面的;有偏见的; flawed:adj.有缺陷的;有瑕疵的;有裂纹的; stem:n.花草的茎或梗;高脚酒杯的脚;烟斗柄;词干;v.阻止;封堵;遏止; consent:vi.同意;赞成;答应;n.同意;(意见等的)一致;赞成;
And in that same decade, somebody -- legend has it, somebody named Thespis -- invented the idea of dialogue. 在同樣那十年某個人—— 據傳說,他叫做狄斯比斯—— 發明了關於對話的想法。
legend:n.传奇;说明;图例;刻印文字;
What does that mean, to invent dialogue? 發明對話,那是什麼意思？
Well, we know that the Festival of Dionysus gathered the entire citizenry of Athens on the side of the Acropolis, and they would listen to music, they would watch dancing, and they would have stories told as part of the Festival of Dionysus. 嗯,我們知道,在戴歐尼修斯節, 雅典所有的市民 會聚集在雅典衛城旁, 他們會聽音樂,他們會看舞蹈, 他們會說故事, 這都是戴歐尼修斯節的一部分。
citizenry:n.市民;公民; on the side of:拥护…;站在…一边;赞助;
And storytelling is much like what's happening right now: 說故事就很像現在的情境:
storytelling:n.讲故事;说谎话;adj.讲故事的;说谎的;
I'm standing up here, the unitary authority , and I am talking to you. 我站在台上這裡, 我是單一的權威, 我在對你們說話。
unitary:adj.单一的;统一的;单位的; authority:n.权威;权力;当局;
And you are sitting back, and you are receiving what I have to say. 你們只是坐著,接收我要說的內容。
And you may disagree with it, you may think I'm an insufferable fool, you may be bored to death , but that dialogue is mostly taking place inside your own head. 你們可能會不同意我說的, 可能會認為我是個惱人的傻子, 你們可能無聊到極點, 但那對話大部分都是 發生在你們自己的腦袋裡。
insufferable:adj.难以忍受的;不可忍受的;令人厌恶的; bored to death:无聊死了;
But what happens if, instead of me talking to you -- and Thespis thought of this -- 但,如果改一下, 不再是由我對你們說話—— 這是狄斯比斯想出來的——
I just shift 90 degrees to the left, and I talk to another person onstage with me? 我只要向左轉九十度, 我對台上的另一個人說話,會如何？
shift:n.移动;变化;手段;轮班;v.移动;转变;转换; onstage:adj.台上的;台上演出的;adv.上台;上场;
Everything changes, because at that moment, I'm not the possessor of truth; 一切都改變了, 因為在那時刻, 我就不是「真相擁有者」;
possessor:n.持有人;所有人;
I'm a guy with an opinion. 我只是個有意見的人。
And I'm talking to somebody else. 我是在跟別人說話。
And you know what? 你們知道嗎？
That other person has an opinion too, and it's drama , remember, conflict -- they disagree with me. 那個「別人」也有他自己的意見, 這是戲劇,記得要有衝突—— 他們不認同我說的。
drama:n.戏剧;戏剧艺术;戏剧文学;戏剧性事件; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触;
There's a conflict between two points of view. 在兩種觀點之間有衝突存在。
And the thesis of that is that the truth can only emerge in the conflict of different points of view. 而那麼做的論點在於, 唯一會有真相浮現的地方, 就是兩種不同觀點衝突的地方。
thesis:n.论文;论点; emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相;
It's not the possession of any one person. 真相並非任何人所擁有的。
possession:n.拥有;具有;属地;个人财产;
And if you believe in democracy, you have to believe that. 如果你相信民主,你就會相信這點。
If you don't believe that, you're an autocrat who is putting up with democracy. 如果你不相信這點,你就是獨裁者, 只是在忍受民主。
autocrat:n.独裁者,专制君主;独断独行的人;
But that's the basic thesis of democracy, that the conflict of different points of views leads to the truth. 但那就是民主的基本論點, 不同觀點的衝突會導出真相。
What's the other thing that's happening? 另外,還會發生另一件事。
I'm not asking you to sit back and listen to me. 我並沒有請你們坐好聽我說。
I'm asking you to lean forward and imagine my point of view -- what this looks like and feels like to me as a character. 我是在請你們向前傾, 想像我的觀點—— 當我是個「角色」的時候, 看起來跟感覺起來就是這樣子的。
lean:v.前俯(或后仰):倾斜:adj.肉少的:难以赚钱的:贫乏的:n.瘦肉: point of view:观点;见地;立场;
And then I'm asking you to switch your mind and imagine what it feels like to the other person talking. 接著我會請你們轉換一下頭腦, 想像一下身為另一位 在說話的人,感覺是什麼。
I'm asking you to exercise empathy . 我是在請你們行使「同理心」。
empathy:n.神入;移情作用;执着;
And the idea that truth comes from the collision of different ideas and the emotional muscle of empathy are the necessary tools for democratic citizenship . 「真相來自不同想法的碰撞」 這個概念, 以及同理心的情緒肌肉, 都是民主公民權所必要的工具。
collision:n.抵触;碰撞(或相撞)事故; emotional:adj.情绪的;易激动的;感动人的; muscle:n.肌肉;力量;v.加强;使劲搬动;使劲挤出; democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的; citizenship:n.[法]公民身份,公民资格;国籍;公民权;
What else happens? 還會發生什麼？
The third thing really is you, is the community itself, is the audience. 會發生的第三件事其實就是你, 是共同體本身,是觀眾。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And you know from personal experience that when you go to the movies, you walk into a movie theater , and if it's empty, you're delighted , because nothing's going to be between you and the movie. 你們從自己的個人經驗 都知道,去看電影時, 當走進電影戲院, 發現影廳中都沒人,你會很開心, 因為你和電影之間不會有任何阻礙。
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; movie theater:n.电影院; delighted:adj.高兴的; v.使高兴; (delight的过去分词和过去式)
You can spread out , put your legs over the top of the stadium seats, eat your popcorn and just enjoy it. 你可以大方伸展開來, 把腳放到前排的椅子上, 吃你的爆米花,好好享受。
spread out:冒火;喷火; over the top:adj.过多的;言过其实的;夸大其词的; stadium:n.[体]露天大型体育场;[病]病期;[生]生长期;龄期;
But if you walk into a live theater and you see that the theater is half full, your heart sinks. 但當你走入現場演出的戲院, 看到觀眾席已經半滿, 你的心會沉下來。
You're disappointed immediately, because whether you knew it or not, you were coming to that theater to be part of an audience. 你馬上會感到失望, 因為不論你是否知道, 你去到那間戲院, 就是成為觀眾的一部分。
You were coming to have the collective experience of laughing together, crying together, holding your breath together to see what's going to happen next. 你是來取得集體經驗的, 大家一起笑、一起哭、一起摒息, 等著看接下來會發生什麼。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
You may have walked into that theater as an individual consumer , but if the theater does its job, you've walked out with a sense of yourself as part of a whole, as part of a community. 你走入那間戲院時, 或許只是一個個體的客人, 但如果戲院有做好它的工作, 當你走出戲院時, 你會覺得你自己是整體的一部分, 共同體的一部分,
individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; consumer:n.[经]消费者;[生,生态]消费者;
That's built into the DNA of my art form. 內建在我藝術形式的 DNA 當中。
Twenty-five hundred years later, Joe Papp decided that the culture should belong to everybody in the United States of America , and that it was his job to try to deliver on that promise. 2500 年後,約瑟夫帕普決定, 文化應該屬於美國的每一個人, 而他的工作就是要實現這項承諾。
United States of America:un.美利坚合众国;
He created Free Shakespeare in the Park. 他創建了「公園中的 免費莎士比亞」戲院。
Shakespeare:n.莎士比亚(英国剧作家);
And Free Shakespeare in the Park is based on a very simple idea, the idea that the best theater, the best art that we can produce, should go to everybody and belong to everybody, and to this day , every summer night in Central Park, 2,000 people are lining up to see the best theater we can provide for free. 「公園中的免費莎士比亞」 根據很簡單的想法, 這個想法就是:最好的戲院, 我們所能產出最好的藝術, 應該要接觸到每個人, 應該屬於每個人, 而至今, 在中央公園,每個夏日晚上, 會有 2000 人排隊, 要看我們能提供的最好的戲劇。
to this day:至今; provide for:供养,供给;规定;为…作准备;
It's not a commercial transaction . 那不是商業交易。
commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; transaction:n.处理;业务;办理;
In 1967, 13 years after he figured that out, he figured out something else, which is that the democratic circle was not complete by just giving the people the classics . 1967 年,在他想通了 這件事的 13 年後, 他又想通了另一件事, 那就是,只把經典給予人民, 還不夠讓民主圓圈變完整。
classics:n.经典;名著;杰作;(classic的复数)
We had to actually let the people create their own classics and take the stage. 我們得要真正讓人民 去創作他們自己的經典, 站上舞台。
And so in 1967, 所以,在 1967 年,
Joe opened the Public Theater downtown on Astor Place, and the first show he ever produced was the world premiere of "Hair." 喬瑟夫在阿斯托廣場鬧區 開了一間公眾劇院, 他所製作的第一場演出, 就是《毛髮》的首演。
downtown:n.市区;闹市区;adv.在市区;在热闹街上;到闹市区;adj.闹市区的; premiere:adj.首位的; vi.初次公演; vt.初次公演; n.初次的演出;
That's the first thing he ever did that wasn't Shakespeare. 這也是他第一次做 不是莎士比亞的戲劇。
Clive Barnes in The Times said that it was as if Mr. Papp took a broom and swept up all the refuse from the East Village streets onto the stage at the Public. 《紐約時報》的克萊夫巴恩斯說, 那彷彿就是帕普拿了一支掃帚, 把東村街道上的 所有拒絕,通通掃到 公眾劇院的舞台上。
broom:n.扫帚;扫把;金雀花(野生,开小黄花);v.扫除; swept:v.扫除(sweep的过去式和过去分词);adj.扫频的;
(Laughter) （笑聲）
He didn't mean it complementarily , but Joe put it up in the lobby , he was so proud of it. 他並沒有讚美的意思, 但喬瑟夫把這篇報導 陳列在大廳,他感到好驕傲。
complementarily:补充的;互补的(complementary的变体); lobby:n.大堂;门厅;民众接待厅;游说;v.游说(从政者或政府);
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑聲）（掌聲）
And what the Public Theater did over the next years with amazing shows like "For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When the Rainbow Is Enuf," 在接下來的幾年, 公眾劇院有許多出色的節目, 像是《給那些當彩虹出現, 就要考慮自殺的有色女孩》、
Suicide:n.自杀;自杀行为;自杀者;adj.自杀的;v.自杀;vi.自杀; Rainbow:n.彩虹
'"A Chorus Line," 《歌舞線上》,
Chorus:n.合唱队;齐声;歌舞队;v.合唱;异口同声地说;
and -- here's the most extraordinary example I can think of: 以及——這是我所能想出 最不凡的例子:
extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
Larry Kramer's savage cry of rage about the AIDS crisis , "The Normal Heart." 拉里克萊默出於愛滋病的憤怒 而發出野性吶喊的作品, 《血熱之心》。
savage:adj.野蛮的; n.未开化的; vt.乱咬; rage:n.狂怒;暴怒;(某情况引起的)愤怒;v.发怒;怒斥;猛烈地继续;激烈进行; crisis:n.危机;危险期;决定性时刻;adj.危机的;用于处理危机的;
Because when Joe produced that play in 1985, there was more information about AIDS in Frank Rich's review in The New York Times than The New York Times had published in the previous four years. 因為當喬瑟夫在 1985 年 製作那齣劇作的時候, 在《紐約時報》上 法蘭克瑞奇的評論中, 關於愛滋病的資訊量比《紐約時報》 前四年所出版的所有資訊 加起來都還要多。
Frank:adj.坦白的,直率的;老实的;n.免费邮寄特权;v.免费邮寄; previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
Larry was actually changing the dialogue about AIDS through writing this play, and Joe was by producing it. 拉里透過撰寫這部作品的方式, 而喬瑟夫是製作人。
I was blessed to commission and work on Tony Kushner's "Angels in America," 我很有福氣,受到委任做了 東尼庫許納的《天使在美國》,
blessed:adj.神圣的; v.求上帝降福于; (bless的过去分词和过去式) commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作;
and when doing that play and along with "Normal Heart," 在做那齣戲和《血熱之心》的時候,
we could see that the culture was actually shifting , and it wasn't caused by the theater, but the theater was doing its part to change what it meant to be gay in the United States. 我們可以看出,文化真的在轉變, 並不是由戲院所造成的, 但戲院有扮演好它的角色, 改變了在美國被認為很娘的定義。
shifting:adj.不断移动的;流动的;v.转移;赶快;快速移动;变换;(shift的现在分词)
And I'm incredibly proud of that. 對此我感到非常驕傲。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地;
(Applause) （掌聲）
When I took over Joe's old job at the Public in 2005, 2005 年,我接下了 喬瑟夫在公眾劇院的工作,
I realized one of the problems we had was a victim of our own success, which is: Shakespeare in the Park had been founded as a program for access, and it was now the hardest ticket to get in New York City. 我了解到我們的問題之一, 其實是由我們自己的成功所造成, 就是:公園中的莎士比亞成立時 是要成為大家都可使用的計畫, 而它現在是紐約市中最難取得的票。
victim:n.受害人;牺牲品;牺牲者;
People slept out for two nights to get those tickets. 大家要在門外過夜排隊 兩個晚上,才能買到票。
What was that doing? 那是怎麼回事？
That was eliminating 98 percent of the population from even considering going to it. 那會讓 98% 的人 完全不考慮要去那裡了。
eliminating:v.排除;清除;消除;淘汰;(eliminate的现在分词)
So we refounded the mobile unit and took Shakespeare to prisons, to homeless shelters, to community centers in all five boroughs and even in New Jersey and Westchester County . 所以我們重新成立了一個行動組, 把莎士比亞帶到監獄、遊民收容所、 所有五個行政區,甚至紐澤西 和威斯特徹斯特郡的社區中心。
refounded:用法,发音,音标,搭配,同义词,反义词和例句等在线英语服务。; mobile:n.手机;汽车;移动电话;adj.活跃的;可动的; boroughs:n.区;自治的市镇; Westchester:n.韦斯切斯特(美国伊利诺伊州东北部城市); County:n.郡,县;
And that program proved something to us that we knew intuitively : people's need for theater is as powerful as their desire for food or for drink. 該計畫向我們證明了一件事, 和我們本來的直覺相符: 大家對於戲院的需求, 和他們對食物或飲水的慾望 一樣強大。
intuitively:adv.直观地;直觉地;
It's been an extraordinary success and we've continued it. 這計畫一直非常成功, 我們還在持繼進行。
And then there was yet another barrier that we realized we weren't crossing, which is a barrier of participation . 接著,還有一個障礙, 我們一直都還沒跨越, 那就是參與的障礙。
barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住; participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
And the idea, we said, is: 我們說,這個想法是:
How can we turn theater from being a commodity , an object, back into what it really is -- a set of relationships among people? 我們要如何將戲院 從一種商品、一個物體, 轉變回它真正的本質—— 人之間的一組關係？
commodity:n.商品,货物;日用品;
And under the guidance of the amazing Lear deBessonet, we started the Public Works program, which now every summer produces these immense Shakespearean musical pageants , where Tony Award-winning actors and musicians are side by side with nannies and domestic workers 在李爾戴本森奈特 很了不起的指導之下, 我們開始了「公眾作品」計畫, 現在,每年夏天,這個計畫 都會製作這些超棒的音樂盛會, 在盛會中,得過東尼獎的演員 和音樂家會與褓姆、 國內的工人、退伍軍人、
Public Works:n.公共工程(或建设); immense:adj.巨大的,广大的;无边无际的;非常好的; Shakespearean:adj.莎士比亚的; n.莎士比亚研究家; pageants:n.盛会;游行;虚饰;露天表演; Award-winning:adj.应获奖的;优等的;备受赞誉的; side by side:adj.并肩的;并行的; nannies:n.保姆;母山羊; domestic:n.佣人;家佣;家庭纠纷;家庭矛盾;adj.本国的;国内的;家用的;家庭的;
and military veterans and recently incarcerated prisoners, amateurs and professionals , performing together on the same stage. 剛出獄的犯人、 業餘玩家,以及職業專家 肩並肩攜手合作, 一起同台演出。
military:adj.军事的;军人的;适于战争的;n.军队;军人; veterans:n.老兵;退伍军人(veteran的复数形式); recently:adv.最近;新近; incarcerated:v.监禁;关押;禁闭;(incarcerate的过去式和过去分词) amateurs:n.业余爱好者;业余运动员;生手;外行;(amateur的复数) professionals:n.[管理]专业人员(professional的复数); performing:adj.表演的;演奏的;v.做;执行;演出;运转(perform的现在分词)
And it's not just a great social program, it's the best art that we do. 它不只是個很棒的社會計畫, 它是我們所能做出最棒的藝術。
And the thesis of it is that artistry is not something that is the possession of a few. 它的論點是:藝術才能並不是 少數人所擁有的。
artistry:n.艺术性;工艺;艺术技巧;艺术效果;艺术工作;
Artistry is inherent in being a human being. 身為人,天生就有藝術才能。
inherent:adj.固有的;内在的;与生俱来的,遗传的;
Some of us just get to spend a lot more of our lives practicing it. 只是我們當中有些人 花了更多時間在練習它。
And then occasionally -- 然後,偶爾——
occasionally:adv.偶尔;有时候;偶然;
(Applause) （掌聲）
you get a miracle like "Hamilton," 就會出現奇蹟,像《漢密爾頓》,
miracle:n.奇迹,奇迹般的人或物;惊人的事例;
Lin-Manuel's extraordinary retelling of the foundational story of this country through the eyes of the only Founding Father who was a bastard immigrant orphan from the West Indies . 林曼努爾重新訴說這個國家 開國故事的不凡之作, 透過開國先驅的視角來呈現, 而他是來自西印度群島的 私生子移民孤兒。
retelling:n.复述;复述法;v.复述;再讲(retell的ing形式); foundational:adj.基础的;基本的; Founding Father:n.(运动、机构或思想的)创建人; immigrant:n.(外来)移民;外侨;adj.侨民的; orphan:adj.孤儿的;无双亲的;n.孤儿;vt.使成孤儿; West Indies:n.西印度群岛(位于加勒比海和大西洋之间,包括安的列斯群岛和巴哈马群岛);
And what Lin was doing is exactly what Shakespeare was doing. 林所做的, 就是莎士比亞所做的。
He was taking the voice of the people, the language of the people, elevating it into verse , and by doing so, ennobling the language and ennobling the people who spoke the language. 他將人民的聲音、人民的語言 提升成為詩節, 藉由這麼做, 讓那語言變得更尊貴, 也讓說那語言的人民變得更尊貴。
elevating:adj.引人向上的;n.升降机构;v.使升高(elevate的现在分词形式);提起; verse:n.诗,诗篇;韵文;诗节;vi.作诗;vt.使熟练,使精通; ennobling:v.使高贵;抬高;把…列入贵族;(ennobling是ennoble的现在分词);
And by casting that show entirely with a cast of black and brown people, what Lin was saying to us, he was reviving in us our greatest aspirations for the United States, our better angels of America, our sense of what this country could be, the inclusion that was at the heart of the American Dream . 全劇的卡司用的 全部都是黑色和褐色皮膚的人, 林想要對我們說的是, 他要喚醒我們心中 美國最偉大的熱望, 我們更好的美國天使, 我們對於這個國家 能夠成為什麼樣子的看法,
reviving:v.(使)苏醒,复活;使重做;重新上演;(revive的现在分词) aspirations:n.愿望; inclusion:n.包含;内含物; American Dream:n.美国梦(美国人传统的价值观和社会标准,如民主、权利平等和财富);
And it unleashed a wave of patriotism in me and in our audience, the appetite for which is proving to be insatiable . 它在我體內、我們觀眾體內, 已經證明,對此的胃口 是不會被滿足的。
unleashed:v.发泄;突然释放;使爆发(unleash的过去分词和过去式) patriotism:n.爱国主义;爱国心,爱国精神; appetite:n.食欲;嗜好; insatiable:adj.贪得无厌的;不知足的;
But there was another side to that, and it's where I want to end, and it's the last story I want to talk about. 但還有另一個面向, 我想用這個面向來作結, 這是我想要談的最後一個故事。
Some of you may have heard that Vice President-elect Pence came to see "Hamilton" in New York, and when he came in, some of my fellow New Yorkers booed him. 在座有些人可能聽過 當選而尚未就任的副總統彭斯 來紐約看《漢密爾頓》。 當他進來時,一些紐約人 對他發出噓聲。
Vice:n.恶习;缺点;[机]老虎钳;卖淫;prep.代替;v.钳住;adj.副的;代替的; President-elect:n.总统当选人;已当选而尚未就职的总统; Pence:n.便士(penny的复数); booed:vt.嘘;向…喝倒采;vi.发出嘘声;int.(表示不满,轻蔑等)嘘;n.嘘声;
And beautifully, he said, "That's what freedom sounds like." 他說了句很棒的話: 「那就是自由的聲音。」
And at the end of the show, we read what I feel was a very respectful statement from the stage, and Vice President-elect Pence listened to it, but it sparked a certain amount of outrage , a tweetstorm, and also an internet boycott of "Hamilton" 在節目的最後, 我們在舞台上讀了 我認為非常有敬意的聲明, 而彭斯副總統聽了它, 但它點燃了某些怒火和推特風暴, 還有針對《漢密爾頓》的 一項網路抵制活動,
respectful:adj.恭敬的;有礼貌的; statement:n.声明;陈述,叙述;报表,清单; sparked:v.点燃,发动(spark的过去式,过去分词);鼓舞; outrage:n.愤怒,愤慨;暴行;侮辱;vt.凌辱,强奸;对…施暴行;激起愤怒; boycott:v.联合抵制;拒绝参加;n.联合抵制;
from outraged people who had felt we had treated him with disrespect . 發動者是憤怒的人, 他們覺得我們不尊重他。
outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的;v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词); treated:v.以…态度对待;把…看作;(treat的过去分词和过去式) disrespect:n.无礼,失礼,不敬;
I looked at that boycott and I said, we're getting something wrong here. 我看著那抵制,我說, 我們有什麼地方出了差錯。
All of these people who have signed this boycott petition , they were never going to see "Hamilton" anyway. 所有這些簽署了抵制請願的人, 反正他們永遠不會去看《漢密爾頓》。
petition:n.请愿;请愿书;祈求;[法]诉状;vi.请愿;请求;vt.请愿;请求;恳求;
It was never going to come to a city near them. 該劇永遠不會到 他們鄰近的城市演出。
If it could come, they couldn't afford a ticket, and if they could afford a ticket, they didn't have the connections to get that ticket. 就算有,他們也買不起票, 就算買得起票,他們也沒有人脈 可以取得票。
afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
They weren't boycotting us; we had boycotted them. 他們不是在抵制我們; 我們已經先抵制了他們。
boycotting:v.抵制;拒绝购买(或使用、参加);(boycott的现在分词) boycotted:vt.联合抵制;拒绝参加;n.联合抵制;
And if you look at the red and blue electoral map of the United States, and if I were to tell you, "Oh, the blue is what designates all of the major nonprofit cultural institutions ," 如果你看看標上藍色 和紅色的美國選舉地圖, 如果我告訴你: 「喔,藍色標記代表 所有主要的非營利文化機構。」
electoral:adj.选举的;选举人的; designates:vt.指定;指派;标出;把…定名为;adj.指定的;选定的; nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; cultural:adj.与文化有关的;文化的;与艺术、文学、音乐等有关的; institutions:n.机构;慈善机构;风俗习惯,制度;(institution的复数)
I'd be telling you the truth. 那我告訴你的是真相。
You'd believe me. 你會相信我。
We in the culture have done exactly what the economy , what the educational system, what technology has done, which is turn our back on a large part of the country. 在文化上,我們所做的事, 完全和在經濟上、 教育體制上、科技上所做的一樣, 那就是背棄了這個國家大部分的人。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的 technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
So this idea of inclusion, it has to keep going. 所以,這個包容的概念 得要持續下去。
Next fall, we are sending out on tour a production of Lynn Nottage's brilliant, Pulitzer Prize-winning play "Sweat." 明年秋天,我們有一場巡迴演出, 演出作品是讓林恩諾塔吉得了 普立茲獎的出色劇作《汗水》。
Pulitzer:n.普利策; Prize-winning:获奖的;
Years of research in Redding , Pennsylvania led her to write this play about the deindustrialization of Pennsylvania, what happened when steel left, the rage that was unleashed, the tensions that were unleashed, the ra cism tha t was unleashed by the los s of j obs. 她花了數年時間 在賓州的雷丁做研究, 寫下這齣關於賓州去工業化的劇作: 如果鋼鐵工業外移會是怎樣的情況, 被釋放出來的怒火, 被釋放出來的壓力, 被釋放出來的種族主義, 都會因失業而起。
Redding:v.收拾;弄整洁;(redd的现在分词) Pennsylvania:n.宾夕法尼亚州(美国州名); deindustrialization:n.限制工业化;
We're taking that play and we're touring it to rural counties in Pennsylvania, 我們巡迴演出這齣劇的地點 是較偏鄉的郡,在包括賓州、
rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的; counties:n.郡,县;(county的复数)
Ohio, Michigan , 俄亥俄州、密西根州、
Michigan:n.密歇根;美国密歇根州;
Minnesota and Wisconsin . 明尼蘇達州,和威斯康辛州。
Minnesota:n.明尼苏达州(美国中北部洲); Wisconsin:n.威斯康星州(美国州名);
We're partnering with community organizations there to try and make sure not only that we reach the people that we're trying to reach, but that we find ways to listen to them back and say, "The culture is here for you, too." 我們和當地社區組織合作, 同時也能有方法 反過來傾聽他們的聲音, 並說:「文化也到這裡來見你了。」
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; only that:只是;要不是;
Because -- 因為——
(Applause) （掌聲）
we in the culture industry, we in the theater, have no right to say that we don't know what our job is. 我們這些在文化產業的人, 我們這些在戲院的人, 沒有權利說我們不知道 我們的職責是什麼。
It's in the DNA of our art form. 它內建在我們 藝術形式的 DNA 當中。
Our job "... is to hold up, as 'twere, a mirror to nature; to show scorn her image, to show virtue her appearance , and the very age its form and pressure." 我們的職責是 「彷彿要舉起大自然的鏡子, 讓輕蔑看見她的影像, 讓美德看見她的外表, 讓這個時代看到它的形式和壓力。」
scorn:n.轻蔑;嘲笑;藐视的对象;vt.轻蔑;藐视;不屑做;vi.表示轻蔑;表示鄙视; virtue:n.美德;优点;贞操;功效; appearance:n.外貌;外观;外表;
Our job is to try to hold up a vision to America that shows not only who all of us are individually , but that welds us back into the commonality that we need to be, the sense of unity, the sense of whole, the sense of who we are as a country. 我們的職責是要支撐著美國的遠景, 這個遠景呈現的不只是 我們每個人各別的身份, 還有它將我們結合起來, 重新成為我們需要成為的共性, 一體的感受, 整體的感受, 我們身為一個國家的感受。
vision:n.视力;美景;幻象;想象力;v.想象;显现;梦见; individually:adv.个别地,单独地; welds:焊接点(weld的名词复数),熔接点; commonality:n.公共;共性;平民;
That's what the theater is supposed to do, and that's what we need to try to do as well as we can. 那是戲院應該要做的事, 那是我們應該盡力而為 試著去做的事。
supposed:adj.误信的;所谓的;v.认为;假设;设想;(suppose的过去分词和过去式) as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
Thank you very much. 非常謝謝各位。
(Applause) （掌聲）