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NuclearDebate_2010-_辩论_这个世界需要核能么_
Chris Anderson: We're having a debate . 克里斯。安德森:我们将举行一场辩论
debate:n.辩论;争论;考虑;v.辩论;争论;考虑;
The debate is over the proposition "What the world needs now is nuclear energy " -- true or false? 这个辩论的命题是: 这个世界现在到底需不需要 核能
proposition:n.提议;待处理的问题;任务;(美国)法律修正议案;见解;命题;v.向...提议; nuclear energy:n.核能;原子能;
And before we have the debate, 在我们进行辩论之前
I'd like to actually take a show of hands -- on balance, right now, are you for or against this? 让我们先进行一轮举手投票 总的看看现在有多少人赞成或者反对这个观点:
So those who are "yes," raise your hand. "For." 赞成的人现在请举手！
Okay, hands down . 好的,手放下
hands down:adj.无疑的;唾手可得的;
Those who are "against," raise your hands. 现在反对的人请举手
Okay, I'm reading that at about 75-25 in favor at the start. 好的,我大概了解了 开始的时候赞成和反对的人分别为75%和25%
Which means we're going to take a vote at the end and see how that shifts , if at all. 我们在辩论结束后还会进行一次投票 看一看到时候比例是不是会发生变化
shifts:n.转移; v.转移; (shift的第三人称单数)
So here's the format: They're going to have six minutes each, and then after one little, quick exchange between them, 今天采取这样的形式:双方首先各有六分钟的陈述 之后两位辩手会有一个简短的互辩
exchange:n.交换;交流;交易所;兑换;v.交换;交易;兑换;
I want two people on each side of this debate in the audience to have 30 seconds to make one short, crisp , pungent , powerful point. 然后双方的支持者中各出两位观众 在30秒钟内 阐述一个简短,干脆,犀利而有力的观点
crisp:adj.脆的;新鲜的;易碎的;v.使卷曲;使发脆;n.松脆物;油炸马铃薯片; pungent:adj.辛辣的;刺激性的;苦痛的;尖刻的;
So, in favor of the proposition, possibly shockingly , is one of, truly, the founders of the environmental movement, a long-standing TEDster, the founder of the Whole Earth Catalog , someone we all know and love, Stewart Brand . 现在,支持使用核能的人,也许有些出人意料 是一位环保运动的奠基人 一位ted网的长期演讲者 《全球目录》的创办人 深受我们爱戴的知名人士——Stewart Brand
shockingly:adv.怕人地,非常地;不正当地; founders:n.创办人;造物者(founder的复数); long-standing:adj.长期存在的;存在已久的; Catalog:n.目录册;产品样本;学校便览;一览表;v.(为…)编目录;(把…)按目录分类; Brand:v.铭刻于,铭记;打烙印于;印…商标于;n.商标,牌子;烙印;
Stewart Brand: Whoa. Stewart Brand:哇喔~~
(Applause) 掌声
The saying is that with climate, those who know the most are the most worried. 有一个关于天气的谚语:最了解天气的人 担心的也最多
With nuclear, those who know the most are the least worried. 但是关于核能:最了解核能的人 担心的最少
A classic example is James Hansen, a NASA climatologist pushing for 350 parts per million carbon dioxide in the atmosphere . James Hansen就是一个经典的例子 这是美国国家航天局的气候学家 希望能够把二氧化碳的排放量控制在 0.035%
classic:n.名著;优秀的典范;adj.最优秀的;第一流的;有代表性的;典型的; climatologist:n.气候学家; carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格;
He came out with a wonderful book recently called "Storms of My Grandchildren." 最近,他还出版了一本名字《孙辈的风暴》的书 一本好书。
recently:adv.最近;新近;
And Hansen is hard over for nuclear power , as are most climatologists who are engaging this issue seriously. Hansen是核能的支持者 同其他气候学家一样 被这个问题深深的吸引。
nuclear power:na.核大国; climatologists:n.气候学家; engaging:adj.有趣的; v.吸引住(注意力、兴趣); (engage的现在分词) issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
This is the design situation: a planet that is facing climate change and is now half urban . 在现今的情况下 地球正面临着气象上的变化 并且一半的地球已被城市所覆盖
urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
Look at the client base for this. 我们先看一下我们的能源需求人群:
client:n.[经]客户;顾客;委托人;
Five out of six of us live in the developing world. 有5/6的人口 居住在发展中国家
We are moving to cities. We are moving up in the world. 他们正在向城市转移,寻求更好的生活
And we are educating our kids, having fewer kids, basically good news all around. 我们给孩子更好的教育 人口出生率下降 这些都是好消息
basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
But we move to cities, toward the bright lights, and one of the things that is there that we want, besides jobs, is electricity . 但是我们向城市转移,走向光明。 除了工作,我们还需要另外一样东西 就是电力。
besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪;
And if it isn't easily gotten, we'll go ahead and steal it. 如果电力不能轻易获得,我们会通过偷窃所获取
This is one of the most desired things by poor people all over the world, in the cities and in the countryside. 这是全世界的贫穷人口 最希望获得的东西。 不论在城市还是乡村,
Electricity for cities, at its best, is what's called baseload electricity. 城市的电力,充其量, 也就是基本负载电力
That's where it is on all the time. 也就是不间断 供给的电力
And so far there are only three major sources of that -- coal and gas, hydro-electric , which in most places is maxed-out -- and nuclear. 迄今为止,我们只知道三种主要的电力来源 煤、天然气和水力发电 以上是大多数地区所使用并且趋于饱和的, 另一个就是核能。
sources:n.来源;出处;起源;根源;原因;v.(从…)获得(source的第三人称单数和复数) hydro-electric:adj.水力发电的;
I would love to have something in the fourth place here, but in terms of constant, clean, scalable energy, 我在这里还会加入另一种方式: 一种持久的,清洁的 可持续发展的能源
scalable:adj.可攀登的;可去鳞的;可称量的;
[solar] and wind and the other renewables aren't there yet because they're inconstant . 太阳能,风能或其他可再生能源。 但现阶段这些可再生资源并不能提供持久的电力
renewables:n.可再生能源(renewable的复数); inconstant:adj.变化无常的;易变的;多变的;
Nuclear is and has been for 40 years. 核能已经成为,并且在过去的40年里一直是持久电力的提供者。
Now, from an environmental standpoint , the main thing you want to look at is what happens to the waste from nuclear and from coal, the two major sources of electricity. 现在,从环境学的立场上讲: 我们主要关心的是: 电力的两种主要来源: 核能和煤资源所产生的废料问题。
standpoint:n.立场;观点;
If all of your electricity in your lifetime came from nuclear, the waste from that lifetime of electricity would go in a Coke can -- a pretty heavy Coke can, about two pounds. 如果我们一生中所使用的电力都来自核能, 那么在你一生中因为用电所产生的核废料 大概可以装满一个可乐罐 一个挺重的可乐罐,大约两磅
But one day of coal adds up to one hell of a lot of carbon dioxide in a normal one-gigawatt coal-fired plant. 在一个普通的10亿瓦特的发电厂中 一天所用的煤炭 就会产生 超级多的二氧化碳
coal-fired:adj.烧煤的;
Then what happens to the waste? 那么怎么处理这些废料呢？
The nuclear waste typically goes into a dry cask storage out back of the parking lot at the reactor site because most places don't have underground storage yet. 核废料将会被储存在 干燥的储存桶中 放置在核反应堆后面的堆物场上, 因为大多数地方并没有地下的储物场。
nuclear waste:n.核废料; typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; cask:n.木桶,桶;vt.装入桶内; parking lot:n.停车场; reactor:n.[化工]反应器;[核]反应堆;起反应的人; site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
It's just as well, because it can stay where it is. 这样也没有问题,因为核废料不会自己跑到到其他地方去。
While the carbon dioxide, vast quantities of it, gigatons , goes into the atmosphere where we can't get it back, yet, and where it is causing the problems that we're most concerned about. 然而,大量的二氧化碳 数十亿吨的二氧化碳 会释放到大气之中, 而且,我们永远无法将他们收回。 这些二氧化碳会在大气中一直制造让我们担忧的问题。
quantities:n.数量;数目;大量;大宗;(quantity的复数) gigatons:n.十亿吨; concerned:adj.有关的;关心的;v.关心;与…有关;(concern的过去时和过去分词)
So when you add up the greenhouse gases in the lifetime of these various energy sources, nuclear is down there with wind and hydro, below solar and way below, obviously, all the fossil fuels. 所以当你把一辈子用的各种能源 所产生的温室气体加以考虑,你会发现 风能,水能还有核能的温室气体产量最低, 它们比太阳能的温室气体产量还低,更不用说比化石燃料低了
greenhouse:n.温室;暖房; fossil:n.化石;老人;老古董;adj.从地下发掘出来的;化石的;属于旧时代的;陈腐的;
Wind is wonderful; I love wind. 风能非常好,我喜欢风能
I love being around these big wind generators . 我希望能够多一些 巨大的风能发电机
generators:n.[电]发电机;[计]生成器(generator的复数);
But one of the things we're discovering is that wind, like solar, is an actually relatively dilute source of energy. 但我们发现 风能,就像太阳能一样 是一种相对来说利用效率不高的能量。
relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; dilute:adj.稀释的;淡的;vt.稀释;冲淡;削弱;vi.变稀薄;变淡;
And so it takes a very large footprint on the land, a very large footprint in terms of materials, five to 10 times what you'd use for nuclear, and typically to get one gigawatt of electricity is on the order of 250 sq. mi. 它需要在地面上占用大量的面积 巨大的面积也就意味着巨大的物质消耗 所占用的面积是我们用于核能的5 至10 倍, 尤其是,为取得10亿瓦特的电力 我们需要250平方英里
footprint:n.足迹;脚印; gigawatt:n.千兆瓦;十亿瓦特;
of wind farm . 的风力电厂。
wind farm:n.风力发电场;
In places like Denmark and Germany, they've maxed out on wind already. 在德国和丹麦 他们主要靠风能发电
maxed:v.最大化(max的过去式和过去分词)
They've run out of good sites . 合适的风力发电地理位置已经不够了
run out of:用完; sites:n.网站(site的复数);遗址,举办地点;v.使...位于(site的单三形式);
The power lines are getting overloaded . 电力网不堪重负
overloaded:adj.超载的;超负荷的;超重的;v.使超载;使负担过重(overload的过去分词);
And you peak out. 而你还在雪上加霜。
peak:n.高峰; v.达到高峰; adj.最高度的;
Likewise , with solar, especially here in California, we're discovering that the 80 solar farm schemes that are going forward want to basically bulldoze 1,000 sq. mi. of southern California desert. 类似的还有太阳能 尤其在这里,加利弗里亚 我们发现原来的80个 太阳能发电厂的规划 已经占用了加利弗里亚南部沙漠里 1000平方英里的地了
Likewise:adv.同样地;也; especially:adv.尤其;特别;格外;十分; schemes:n.方案,计划;阴谋(scheme的复数);v.计划,设计;谋划(scheme的三单形式); bulldoze:v.(用推土机)推倒,铲平;强行通过;强迫;
Well, as an environmentalist , we would rather that didn't happen. 作为一个环境学家,我们并不希望这样的情况发生。
environmentalist:n.环保人士;环境论者;研究环境问题的专家; would rather:宁愿,宁可;
It's okay on frapped-out agricultural land. 在闲置的农业用地上也许没问题
agricultural:adj.农业的;农艺的;
Solar's wonderful on rooftops . 放在屋顶上,太阳能非常好,
rooftops:n.屋顶;adj.屋顶上的;
But out in the landscape , one gigawatt is on the order of 50 sq. mi. 但是在地面上, 用50平方英里的沙漠面积
landscape:n.景观;乡村风景画;(文件的)横向打印格式;v.对…做景观美化;美化…的环境;
of bulldozed desert. 换取10亿瓦特的电力。
bulldozed:v.(用推土机)推倒,铲平;强行通过;强迫(bulldoze的过去分词和过去式)
When you add all these things up -- 算算成本
Saul Griffith did the numbers and figured out what it would take to get 13 clean terawatts of energy from wind, solar and biofuels , and that area would be roughly the size the United States, an area he refers to as "Renewistan." Saul Griffith 算过后发现: 要从风能,太阳能或生物燃料中 获得 13太瓦的电力 就要 一个和美国差不多大的地方 这个地方被他称为“Renewistan”（一块奉献给可再生能源的土地）
terawatts:n.太(拉)[物]瓦;兆兆瓦; biofuels:n.[能源]生物燃料;生质燃料;生质能源(biofuel的复数形式); roughly:adv.粗糙地;概略地; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) refers:v.谈及;提到;提及;涉及;描述;(refer的第三人称单数)
A guy who's added all this up very well is David Mackay, a physicist in England, and in his wonderful book, " Sustainable Energy," among other things, he says, "I'm not trying to be pro-nuclear. I'm just pro-arithmetic." 有个叫“David Mackay‘的人将这些总结的很好 一个英国的物理学家 在他的著作“绿色能源”中, 提到:我并不是喜欢核能,我只是喜欢计算
physicist:n.物理学家;物理学研究者; Sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
(Laughter) 笑声
In terms of weapons, the best disarmament tool so far is nuclear energy. 就武器方面而言, 至今为止,核能是最好的裁军工具
disarmament:n.裁军;
We have been taking down the Russian warheads , turning it into electricity. 我们卸下了 苏联的核弹头 将其转化为电能,
warheads:na.弹头;(warhead的复数)
10 percent of American electricity comes from decommissioned warheads. 10%的美国电力 来源于退役的核弹头。
decommissioned:v.正式停止使用(武器、核电站等);(decommission的过去分词和过去式)
We haven't even started the American stockpile . 而我们还没开始动用美国的储备。
stockpile:n.库存;积蓄;vt.贮存;储蓄;vi.积累;储备物资;
I think of most interest to a TED audience would be the new generation of reactors that are very small, down around 10 to 125 megawatts . 我想TED的观众们感兴趣的是 新一代的反应堆 非常之小, 大约10到125 兆瓦
reactors:n.[化工]反应器(reactor的复数);反应者; megawatts:n.百万瓦特(megawatt的复数);
This is one from Toshiba. 这个由东芝公司出品。
Here's one that the Russians are already building that floats on a barge . 这个是俄罗斯在游艇上安装的。
barge:n.驳船;游艇;v.用船运输;蹒跚;闯入;
And that would be very interesting in the developing world. 发展中国家对这个小型的反应堆将会很有趣
Typically, these things are put in the ground. 尤其是把这些东西埋入地下,
They're referred to as nuclear batteries . 他们就像是核能电池,
referred:v.提到;引用;认为;指示;涉及;(refer的过去式和过去分词) batteries:n.电池;炮组;炮列;[法]殴打;(batteries是battery的复数)
They're incredibly safe, weapons proliferation-proof and all the rest of it. 他们非常的安全, 而且还有防止核武器扩散等其他优点。
incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; all the rest:其他所有相关信息;
Here is a commercial version from New Mexico called the Hyperion , and another one from Oregon called NuScale. 这是一个新墨西哥州的商业样本, 被称为亥伯龙神号 还有来自俄勒冈州的NuScale
commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告; Hyperion:n.亥伯龙神(泰坦神族的一员); Oregon:n.俄勒冈州(美国州名);
Babcock & Wilcox that make nuclear reactors ... 核反应堆的制造公司Babcock@Wilcox
Babcock:n.巴布科克(美国发明家);巴高克(美国公司名称);
here's an integral fast reactor. 这是一个完整的快中子裂变反应堆
integral:adj.积分的;完整的,整体的;必须的;n.积分;部分;完整;
Thorium reactor that Nathan Myhrvold's involved in. Nathan Myhrvold参与制造的钍反应堆
Thorium:n.[化学]钍(放射性金属元素,元素符号Th,原子序数为90); involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
The governments of the world are going to have to decide that coal needs to be made expensive, and these will go ahead. 世界各国政府即将不得不做出决定: 是让煤炭的价格持续的不停上涨,
And here's the future. 还是选择一个核能的未来。
(Applause) 掌声
CA: Okay. Okay. ca:好的,好的
(Applause) 掌声
So arguing against, a man who's been at the nitty , gritty heart of the energy debate and the climate change debate for years. 下面是反方: 一个细心、坚韧不拔地进行了多年 关于能源和气象变化辩论的人,
nitty:adj.多虱卵的; gritty:adj.坚韧不拔的;有砂砾的;多沙的;像砂的;
In 2000, he discovered that soot was probably the second leading cause of global warming , after CO2. 2000年,他发现煤烟可能是 在二氧化碳之后的第二大温室气体。
soot:n.煤烟,烟灰;vt.用煤烟熏黑;以煤烟弄脏; global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖;
His team have been making detailed calculations of the relative impacts of different energy sources. 他的团队一直在致力于计算 不同的能源资源 的对气候的相对影响。
impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
His first time at TED, possibly a disadvantage -- we shall see -- from Stanford, 这是他第一次来到TED,也许是个劣势 我们将要看到的是:
disadvantage:n.不利因素;障碍;不便之处;
Professor Mark Jacobson. Good luck. 来自斯坦福大学的Mark Jacobson教授,祝您好运。
Mark Jacobson: Thank you. Mark Jacobson:谢谢。
(Applause) 掌声
So my premise here is that nuclear energy puts out more carbon dioxide, puts out more air pollutants , enhances mortality more and takes longer to put up than real renewable energy systems, namely wind, solar, geothermal power, hydro-tidal wave power. 那么我的观点是核能 其实会产生更多的二氧化碳 更多的空气污染物 导致更高的死亡率 比那些真正的可再生能源系统, 如风能,太阳能 地热能源,潮汐能源,需要更长的时间进行设施建设。
premise:n.前提;假定;v.假定;预述(条件等);引导(论述等);; pollutants:n.[环境]污染物(pollutant的复数); enhances:提高(enhance的第三人称单数); mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运; namely:adv.也就是;即是;换句话说; geothermal:adj.[地物]地热的;[地物]地温的;
And it also enhances nuclear weapons proliferation . 况且,核能还会增强核武器的扩散。
proliferation:n.增殖,扩散;分芽繁殖;
So let's just start by looking at the 首先让我们看一下
CO2 emissions from the life cycle . 各种能源在其使用周期内的二氧化碳排放量
emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数) life cycle:n.生命周期;寿命(产品等从开发到使用完毕的一段时间);
CO2e emissions are equivalent emissions of all the greenhouse gases and particles that cause warming, and converted to CO2. 这里的二氧化碳排放量是一个等效量 也就是说所有温室气体和微粒 对温室效应的影响都会 转换为相对应体积的二氧化碳对温室效应的影响来计算。
equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; particles:n.微粒,粒子;粒子系统;碎木料(particle的复数形式); converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式);
And if you look, wind and concentrated solar have the lowest CO2 emissions, if you look at the graph. 让我们再来看一下,风能和紧凑太阳能 二氧化碳的排放量最少,我们来看这个图表:
concentrated:adj.决心要做的; v.集中(注意力); (concentrate的过去式和过去分词)
Nuclear -- there are two bars here. 核能——这里有两个数据。
One is a low estimate , and one is a high estimate. 一个低一个高。
estimate:v.估计;估算;估价;n.估价;(对大小、数量、成本等的)估计;估计的成本;
The low estimate is the nuclear energy industry estimate of nuclear. 低的这个统计数据是核工业体系 统计的,
The high is the average of 103 scientific , peer-reviewed studies. 而高的这个,平均值103的这个 是科研机构经过反复论证而来的。
scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; peer-reviewed:n.同行评议;同行审阅;
And this is just the 而这才仅仅是
CO2 from the life cycle. 在其使用周期内二氧化碳的排放量。
If we look at the delays, it takes between 10 and 19 years to put up a nuclear power plant from planning to operation. 如果你把前期影响也算进去, 我们需要10到19年的时间 去规划和运行 一个核能发电站。
power plant:n.发电厂;发电站;
This includes about three and a half to six years for a site permit. 需要大约3年半到6年的时间。 准备地址许可,
and another two and a half to four years for a construction permit and issue, and then four to nine years for actual construction. 另外两年半到四年的时间 申请建筑许可 然后是4到9年的时间进行真正的建造。
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句;
And in China, right now, they're putting up five gigawatts of nuclear. 现在在中国, 有5个发电量10亿瓦特的核电站,
gigawatts:n.千兆瓦;十亿瓦特;
And the average, just for the construction time of these, is 7.1 years on top of any planning times. 平均下来,他们的建筑周期是 7.1年。 在这些准备和建造的过程中,
While you're waiting around for your nuclear, you have to run the regular electric power grid , which is mostly coal in the United States and around the world. 当我们在等待核能发电的时间里, 我们不得不维持常规电网的运行。 不论在美国还是世界的任何一个角落,这意味着煤炭的使用。
grid:n.网格;格子,栅格;输电网;
And the chart here shows the difference between the emissions from the regular grid, resulting if you use nuclear, or anything else , versus wind, CSP or photovoltaics . 这个图表显示了 使用核能,或者相似能源, 与使用风能,CSP或光电能, 用来维持常规电网运行时二氧化碳排放量的差异。
or anything else:或什么别的;或任何东西其他; versus:prep.对;与...相对;对抗; photovoltaics:光伏;太阳光电;光生伏打
Wind takes about two to five years on average, same as concentrated solar and photovoltaics. 风能发电站平均需要两到五年的时间 紧凑太阳能或光电能发电站也差不多
So the difference is the opportunity cost of using nuclear versus wind, or something else. 所以差别在于,使用核能,与使用风能或其他能源 相比,机会成本是不一样的。
So if you add these two together, alone, you can see a separation that nuclear puts out at least nine to 17 times more CO2 equivalent emissions than wind energy. 因此综合考虑以上两者, 比较之下便可以发现区别。 相较于风能,核能会产生至少9至17倍 以上的二氧化碳当量的排放。
separation:n.分离;分开;分割;隔离;
And this doesn't even account for the footprint on the ground. 而这还不算 地面覆盖面积。
account for:对…负有责任;对…做出解释;说明…的原因;导致;(比例)占;
If you look at the air pollution health effects, this is the number of deaths per year in 2020 just from vehicle exhaust . 如果考虑到空气污染对健康的影响, 这个是2020年由 汽车尾气所导致的死亡人数。
vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; exhaust:v.耗尽; n.(车辆、发动机或机器排出的)废气;
Let's say we converted all the k"> v ont color="Black"> ont>ehicles ont> in the United States to battery electric vehicles, hydrogen fuel cell k"> v ont color="Black"> ont>ehicles ont> or flex fuel k"> v ont color="Black"> ont>ehicles ont> run on E85. 让我们假设我们可以将美国所有的交通工具 都换成电池或氢燃料电池驱动, 或者都换成多燃料驱动交通工具。
Well, right now in the United States, 50 to 100,000 people die per year from air pollution, and vehicles are about 25,000 of those. 好了,现在在美国 每年有5到10万人死于空气污染。 而其中大约2万5000人死于汽车尾气
In 2020, the number will go down to 15,000 due to improvements . 而到了2020年,因为技术的改进, 这个数字将下降到15000人。
improvements:n.改善;改进;改善的事物;(improvement的复数)
And so, on the right, you see gasoline emissions, the death rates of 2020. 现在,在右边,你可以看到汽油的污染物排放所造成的 在2020的死亡率。
gasoline:n.汽油;
If you go to corn or cellulosic ethanol , you'd actually increase the death rate slightly . 如果你使用由玉米或其他植物纤维所产生的乙醇, 实际上,你会使死亡率稍稍有所提高。
cellulosic:adj.有纤维质的; ethanol:n.[有化]乙醇,[有化]酒精; death rate:n.死亡率; slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
If you go to nuclear, you do get a big reduction , but it's not as much as with wind and/or concentrated solar. 如果你使用核能, 你会使死亡率大大降低, 但是并不会比使用风能或紧凑太阳能减少的要多。
reduction:n.减少;缩小;降低;减价;折扣;缩图;
Now if you consider the fact that nuclear weapons proliferation is associated with nuclear energy proliferation, because we know for example, 而且考虑到 核武器的扩散 会伴随着核能使用的扩散, 众所周知,
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式)
India and Pakistan developed nuclear weapons secretly by enriching uranium in nuclear energy facilities . 印度和巴基斯坦秘密的发展了核武器, 通过使用生产核能的设备 积累铀元素。
enriching:v.使丰富,充实;使饱含(某物);使富有;(enrich的现在分词) uranium:n.[化学]铀; facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数)
North Korea did that to some extent . 朝鲜也曾经干过这种事情,
extent:n.程度;范围;长度;
Iran is doing that right now. 而伊朗正在进行这种行为。
And Venezuela would be doing it if they started with their nuclear energy facilities. 而委内瑞拉也会效仿而行。 如果他们都开始建造他们的核能设备,
Venezuela:n.委内瑞拉;
If you do a large scale expansion of nuclear energy across the world, and as a result there was just one nuclear bomb created that was used to destroy a city such as Mumbai or some other big city, megacity , the additional death rates due to this averaged over 30 years and scaled to the population of the U.S. 如果我们在世界范围内 大面积的发展核能的使用, 而结果将是哪怕只有一个核爆炸, 那么也会将 比如孟买,或 类似的大城市,巨型城市摧毁。 而在爆炸中丧生的死亡人数,也会记入核能使用所导致的死亡率中。 美国超过30年以上的可测量污染
expansion:n.扩张;膨胀;扩展;扩大; as a result:结果; megacity:n.大城市(人口超过1000万的); additional:adj.附加的,额外的; scaled:adj.有鳞的; v.刮去鳞片;
would be this. 也不过如此。
So, do we need this? 所以,我们真的需要这样么？
The next thing is: What about the footprint? Stewart mentioned the footprint. 下一个问题是:占地面积又是怎么一回事。Stewart提到占地面积。
Actually, the footprint on the ground for wind is by far the smallest of any energy source in the world. 实际上,风力发电所需要的占地面积 比其他任何电力来源都要小。
That, because the footprint, as you can see , is just the pole touching the ground. 大家可以发现,所谓的占地面积 不过只是一些插在地面上的杆子。
as you can see:正如你所看到的;你是知道的; pole:n.磁极;电极;柱子;杆子;v.用篙撑船;摆船;
And you can power the entire U.S. vehicle fleet with 73,000 to 145,000 five-megawatt wind turbines . 通过73000到145000个5兆瓦特的 风力涡轮发电机 你就可以满足整个美国交通工具的能量需求。
fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的; turbines:n.[动力]涡轮;[动力]涡轮机(turbine的复数);[动力]汽轮机;
That would take between one and three sq. km. 而这总共才需要1到3平方千米
of footprint on the ground, entirely. 的占地面积。
The spacing is something else. 所需空间和占地面积其实不是一回事,
That's the footprint that's always being confused . 而这一点总是让人摸不着头脑。
confused:adj.困惑的; v.使糊涂; (confuse的过去分词和过去式)
People confuse footprint with spacing. 人们总认为占地面积就是所需空间,
As you can see from these pictures, the spacing between can be used for multiple purposes including agricultural land, range land or open space. 当你看到这些照片的时候, 你就会明白两个柱体之间的空间可以用于多种用途, 包括农田, 山脉,或开阔地。
multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数;
Over the ocean, it's not even land. 如果建在海洋上,那甚至都谈不上对陆地的占用。
Now if we look at nuclear -- (Laughter) 反观核能（笑声）
With nuclear, what do we have? 我们又需要什么呢？
We have facilities around there. You also have a buffer zone that's 17 sq. km. 需要相应的设备,还需要缓冲地带 这就是17平方千米。
buffer:n.[计]缓冲区;缓冲器,[车辆]减震器;vt.缓冲;
And you have the uranium mining that you have to deal with. 你还需要铀矿 这是必须考虑的
Now if we go to the area, lots is worse than nuclear or wind. 现在,如果我们继续讨论面积, 还有更多比核能和风能还要糟糕的。
For example, cellulosic ethanol, to power the entire U.S. vehicle fleet, this is how much land you would need. 举例来说:这是产生能够满足整个美国交通需要的纤维素乙醇 所需要的陆地面积。
That's cellulosic, second generation biofuels from prairie grass. 这是第二代纤维素乙醇 从牧草中产生的生物燃料
prairie:n.大草原;牧场;
Here's corn ethanol. It's smaller. 这是用玉米产生乙醇所需的面积,稍稍小一点。
This is based on ranges from data, but if you look at nuclear, it would be the size of Rhode Island to power the U.S. vehicle fleet. 这都是通过数据换算的。 如果使用核能, 产生满足美国交通所需的能源大概只需要罗得岛大小的面积。
Rhode:n.罗德岛;
For wind, there's a larger area, but much smaller footprint. 风能需要的空间要大一些, 但占地面积则会小得多。
And of course, with wind, you could put it all over the east coast, offshore theoretically , or you can split it up. 而且使用风能的话 当然我们就可以把它放在东海岸 的海面上,从理论上讲,或者你可以把这些面积分散。
offshore:adj.离岸的;[海洋]近海的;吹向海面的;adv.向海面,向海; theoretically:adv.理论地;理论上; split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的;
And now, if you go back to looking at geothermal, it's even smaller than both, and solar is slightly larger than the nuclear spacing, but it's still pretty small. 现在,我们回到地热能源, 他甚至比前两者都小。 而太阳能所需的面积则比核能稍大, 但还是很小。
And this is to power the entire U.S. vehicle fleet. 这是能够满足美国交通所需能源的统计,
To power the entire world with 50 percent wind, you would need about one percent of world land. 那么如果用50%的风能来满足全世界所需, 我们大约需要占世界面积1%的土地。
Matching the reliability , base load is actually irrelevant . 至于可靠性,基础负荷其实与此并不相干。
reliability:n.可靠性; irrelevant:adj.不相干的;不切题的;
We want to match the hour-by-hour power supply. 我们希望随时满足电力的供给,
You can do that by combining renewables. 这可以通过综合使用不同的可再生能源来达到目的。
This is from real data in California, looking at wind data and solar data. 这是来自加利弗里亚的真实数据。 请看风能和太阳能的数据统计,
And it considers just using existing hydro to match the hour-by-hour power demand. 并且它认为即使只用水力发电, 也能够随时满足电力供给的要求。
Here are the world wind resources . 这是全球风能资源的统计:
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
There's 5 to 10 times more wind available worldwide than we need for all the world . 世界范围内,风能可提供的电力资源 是我们全世界所需资源的5到10倍。
worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地; for all the world:无论如何;
So then the finally ranking. 这是最有效的资源。
finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地;
And one last slide I just want to show: this is the choice. 这是我想展示的最后一张幻灯片:选择在我们手中,
You can either have wind or nuclear. 你可以选择风能或核能,
If you use wind, you guarantee ice will last. 如果你选择风能, 我们的冰川就不会融化,
guarantee:n.保证;担保;保证人;保证书;抵押品;v.保证;担保;
Nuclear, the time lag alone will allow the Arctic to melt and other places to melt more. 如果你选择核能,随着时间的流逝, 北极将逐渐融化,而其他地域冰川的融化将更加严重。
time lag:n.时差;时间延迟;时间差; Arctic:adj.北极的;北极地区的;极冷的;严寒的;n.北极;北极地区; melt:v.融化;(使)软化;
And we can guarantee a clean, blue sky or an uncertain future with nuclear power. 问题在于,你是希望有一个天空明净,富有保障的未来, 还是一个核能当道,前途未知的未来。
uncertain:adj.无常的;含糊的;靠不住的;迟疑不决的;
(Applause) 掌声。
CA: All right. CA: 好的。
So while they're having their comebacks on each other -- and yours is slightly short because you slightly overran -- 当你们进行下一轮互辩的时候, 你的时间会稍短一些,因为这一轮你有点拖拉了。
comebacks:n.恢复;复原; overran:v.泛滥;蔓延(overrun的过去式);
I need two people from either side. 我需要双方各出两个人,
So if you're for this, if you're for nuclear power, put up two hands. 如果你觉得世界需要核能, 请举双手,
If you're against, put up one. 如果你反对世界需要核能,举单手。
And I want two of each for the mics . 我希望一边出两个人一会互辩。
mics:abbr.医疗植入通信服务;多指标类集调查;
Now then, you guys have -- you have a minute comeback on him to pick up a point he said, challenge it, whatever. 现在,你们俩, 你有一分钟的时间反驳他, 在他的论调中找一个点,挑战他 什么点都行。
SB: I think a point of difference we're having, Mark, has to do with weapons and energy. SB:Mark,我想我们的一个不同观点是 有关武器 和能源。
These diagrams that show that nuclear is somehow putting out a lot of greenhouse gases -- a lot of those studies will include, "Well of course war will be inevitable and therefore we'll have cities burning and stuff like that," 这个统计表显示因为某种原因, 核能释放出很多温室气体。 很多研究都表明了这一点。 当然,战争也是不可避免的, 因此,也会有城市被焚毁或类似的事情发生。
somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; inevitable:adj.必然的,不可避免的; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
which is kind of finessing it a little bit, I think. 这种说法有些诡辩, 我认为。
finessing:n.策略;纤细;灵巧;vt.巧妙处理;以偷牌方式先出;vi.偷牌;施展巧计;
The reality is that there's, what, 21 nations that have nuclear power? 事实情况是: 21个拥有核电力的国家,
Of those, seven have nuclear weapons. 其中的7个拥有核武器。
In every case, they got the weapons before they got the nuclear power. 这7个国家都是在他们拥有核电力 之前就已经拥有核武器的。
There are two nations, North Korea and Israel , that have nuclear weapons and don't have nuclear power at all. 还有另外两个国家,北朝鲜和以色列, 他们拥有核武器, 但是根本没有核电力。
Israel:n.以色列(亚洲国家);犹太人,以色列人;
The places that we would most like to have really clean energy occur are China, India, Europe, North America , all of which have sorted out their situation in relation to nuclear weapons. 而那些更有条件拥有 真正的清洁能源的地方, 像中国,印度,欧洲,北美, 他们都选择了核能 来解决他们的能源问题。
occur:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在; North America:n.北美洲;
So that leaves a couple of places like Iran, maybe Venezuela, that you would like to have very close surveillance of anything that goes on with fissile stuff. 至于剩下的一些国家,如伊朗 也许再加上委内瑞拉, 我们只需要非常严格的 监督任何与 可裂变物质有关的行为就可以了。
surveillance:n.监督;监视; fissile:adj.分裂性的;易分裂的;
Pushing ahead with nuclear power will mean we really know where all of the fissile material is, and we can move toward zero weapons left, once we know all that. 推广核能可以让我们清楚的知道 所有的可裂变物质的去向。 甚至可以更进一步的说: 一旦我们知道这一点,就不会再有核武器留下来了。
CA: Mark, 30 seconds, either on that or on anything Stewart said. CA:Mark. 你有30秒时间去反驳任何stewart所说的观点。
MJ: Well we know India and Pakistan had nuclear energy first, and then they developed nuclear weapons secretly in the factories. MJ:我们都知道印度和巴基斯坦拥有核能在前, 然后他们在工厂里偷偷的制造了核武器。
So the other thing is, we don't need nuclear energy. 另一个我们不需要核能的原因是
There's plenty of solar and wind. 我们有大量的风能和太阳能。
You can make it reliable , as I showed with that diagram. 我们可以让他们变得可靠,就像我在图表中显示的那样。
reliable:adj.可信赖的;可依靠的;真实可信的;可靠的;
That's from real data. 这个是真实数据,
And this is an ongoing research. This is not rocket science . 这个是正在进行的研究。 这个不是火箭科学。
ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的; not rocket science:很简单的事;
Solving the world's problems can be done, if you're really put your mind to it and use clean, renewable energy. 这个世界性问题是可以解决的。 如果你真的用心去思考并且坚持使用清洁可再生能源的话
There's absolutely no need for nuclear power. 我们根本不需要核能
absolutely:adv.绝对地;完全地;
(Applause) 掌声
CA: We need someone for. CA:现在我们需要一名支持正方的观众。
Rod Beckstrom: Thank you Chris. I'm Rod Beckstrom, CEO of ICANN. Rod Beckstrom: 谢谢你, Chris.我是Rod Beckstrom,ICANN的 CEO
Rod:n.杆;竿;棒;(责打人用的)棍棒;手枪;
I've been involved in global warming policy since 1994, when I joined the board of Environmental Defense Fund that was one of the crafters of the Kyoto Protocol . 自从1994年开始, 我就受到全球变暖政策的影响。 我曾今参加过美国环保基金会 关于京都协议草案的会议。
policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; Fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助; crafters:气泡孔;针眼; Kyoto:n.京都(日本城市); Protocol:n.协议;草案;礼仪;vt.拟定;vi.拟定;
And I want to support Stewart Brand's position. 我愿意支Stewart Brand的立场。
I've come around in the last 10 years. 我犹豫了近10年,
I used to be against nuclear power. 也曾今反对过核能的使用。
I'm now supporting Stewart's position, softly , from a risk-management standpoint, agreeing that the risks of overheating the planet outweigh the risk of nuclear incident, which certainly is possible and is a very real problem. 现在我站在支持Stewart Brand的立场上 从一个风险控制的角度上 我同意 地球过渡暖化的风险 要大于核意外的风险。 当然,核意外的可能性是真实存在的。
softly:adv.温柔地;柔和地;柔软地;静静地; risk-management:风险管理; overheating:n.[热]过热;v.[热]过热(overheat的ing形式); outweigh:vt.比…重(在重量上);比…重要;比…有价值;
However, I think there may be a win-win solution here where both parties can win this debate, and that is, we face a situation where it's carbon caps on this planet or die. 然而,我认为可能会有一个双赢的局面, 辩论双方都可以赢得这个辩论。 那就是:我们面临着一个选择, 是要这个星球戴上一顶二氧化碳的帽子, 还是死亡。
win-win:adj.双赢的;互利互惠的; solution:n.解决方案;溶液;溶解;解答;
And in the United States Senate , we need bipartisan support -- only one or two votes are needed -- to move global warming through the Senate , and this room can help. 在美国参议院 我们需要两党连立的支持 只需要一到两票, 我们就可以把此事送到参议院, 这个房间里的每一位都可以提供帮助
Senate:n.参议院,上院;(古罗马的)元老院; bipartisan:adj.两党连立的;代表两党的;
So if we get that through, then Mark will solve these problems. Thanks Chris. 如果我们成功了,Mark就可以解决这些问题了。 谢谢,Chris
CA: Thank you Rod Beckstrom. Against. CA:谢谢Rod Beckstrom。 有请反方的观众。
David Fanton: Hi, I'm David Fanton. I just want to say a couple quick things. David Fanton: 大家好,我是 David Fanton。 我想简短的说几件事
The first is: be aware of the propaganda . 第一是注意宣传
propaganda:n.宣传;传道总会;
The propaganda from the industry has been very, very strong. 工业的宣传 一直非常,非常有力。
And we have not had the other side of the argument fully aired so that people can draw their own conclusions . 我们并没有 让不同的声音充分的体现。 所以人们非常容易得下出结论.
conclusions:n.结论,总结;决定;(conclusion的复数)
Be very aware of the propaganda. 所以,一定要注意宣传的影响。
Secondly, think about this. 第二,大家想一想
If we build all these nuclear power plants, all that waste is going to be on hundreds, if not thousands, of trucks and trains, moving through this country every day. 如果我们建立这些核电站, 那么所有的核废料 都需要通过数以百计甚至数以千计的 卡车和火车 进行运输,每天都要。
Tell me they're not going to have accidents. 请告诉我不会有意外发生,
Tell me that those accidents aren't going to put material into the environment that is poisonous for hundreds of thousands of years 请告诉我这些意外不会 让核材料泄露到环境中去, 不会对环境造成成千上万年的毒害。
poisonous:adj.有毒的;恶毒的;讨厌的;
And then tell me that each and every one of those trucks and trains isn't a potential terrorist target. 最后请告诉我这些运输核废料的卡车和火车 不会成为恐怖分子潜在的攻击目标。
potential:n.潜能;可能性;[电]电势;adj.潜在的;可能的;势的;
CA: Thank you. CA:谢谢。
For. 支持者。
Anyone else for? Go. 有谁支持正方的,有请。
Alex: Hi, I'm Alex. I just wanted to say, 大家好,我是Alex.我想说的是
I'm, first of all , renewable energy's biggest fan. 首先,我是清洁能源的忠实粉丝。
first of all:adv.首先;
I've got solar PV on my roof. 我的屋顶上有太阳能的接收板,
I've got a hydro conversion at a watermill that I own. 在我拥有的水车上 装有水力转换器。
conversion:n.转换;变换;[金融]兑换;改变信仰;
And I'm, you know, very much "pro" that kind of stuff. 所以,我很支持这些清洁能源的使用。
However, there's a basic arithmetic problem here. 但是这里有一个基本的算术问题。
arithmetic:n.算术,算法;
The capability of the sun shining, the wind blowing and the rain falling, simply isn't enough to add up. 阳光,风力,雨水 的能力加起来, 也不能满足人类所需。
capability:n.才能,能力;性能,容量;
So if we want to keep the lights on, we actually need a solution which is going to keep generating all of the time. 如果我们还想让家里的电灯继续亮下去的话 我们需要一个真正的解决方案 一个在任何时候都可以依靠的解决方案。
generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词)
I campaigned against nuclear weapons in the 80s, and I continue to do so now. 80年代,我是反对核武器的, 现在也一样。
But we've got an opportunity to recycle them into something more useful that enables us to get energy all of the time. 但如果我们有一个机会, 能把核武器变成其他更有用的东西 能够让我们始终获得电力的东西。
recycle:v.回收利用;再利用; enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数)
And, ultimately , the arithmetic problem isn't going to go away. 总而言之,这个算术问题不会消失,
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究;
We're not going to get enough energy from renewables alone. 我们不可能从清洁能源那里获得足够的电力,
We need a solution that generates all of the time. 我们需要一个彻底的解决方案。
generates:[计]生成;发生;
If we're going to keep the lights on, nuclear is that solution. 如果我们还希望灯继续亮着, 核能就是问题的答案。
CA: Thank you. CA:谢谢。
Anyone else against? 有人反对么？
Man: The last person who was in favor made the premise that we don't have enough alternative renewable resources. 上个正方支持者认为我们 不可能从清洁能源那里 得到足够的电力。
alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择;
And our "against" proponent up here made it clear that we actually do. 我们反方阵营明确表示 我们可以做到这一点。
proponent:n.支持者;建议者;提出认证遗嘱者;
And so the fallacy that we need this resource and we can actually make it in a time frame that is meaningful is not possible. 所以我们需要核能这个观点 根本是一个谬论。 我们甚至可以做一个时间表 证明这是完全可行的。
fallacy:n.谬论,谬误; time frame:n.期间时限; meaningful:adj.严肃的;重要的;重大的;意味深长的;
I will also add one other thing. 我还要补充一点:
Ray Kurzweil and all the other talks -- we know that the stick is going up exponentially . Ray Kurzweil和其他的演讲 我知道支持者在日益增加
exponentially:adv.以指数方式;
So you can't look at state-of-the-art technologies in renewables and say, "That's all we have." 但是我们不能只看到清洁能源的实验室的应用 就认为他们并没有实际用途
state-of-the-art:adj.最先进的;已经发展的;达到最高水准的; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
Because five years from now, it will blow you away what we'll actually have as alternatives to this horrible , disastrous nuclear power. 五年之后,他们将使你大开眼界 它们才是我们的选择 而不是可怕的,灾难性的核武器。
blow you away:震撼你; alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数) horrible:可怕的,极讨厌的, disastrous:adj.灾难性的;损失惨重的;悲伤的;
CA: Point well made. Thank you. CA:观点表述明确,谢谢
(Applause) 掌声
So each of you has really just a couple sentences -- 30 seconds each to sum up. 现在你们双方各有30秒, 用简单的几句话 进行总结
Your final pitch , Stewart. 你最后的一搏,Stewart
pitch:v.抛:用力扔:针对:触地:n.场地:程度:力度:推销的话:纵摇:
SB: I loved your "It all balances out" chart that you had there. SB:我喜欢你的它们可以平衡使用的表格 就是你刚刚用的那个
It was a sunny day and a windy night. 那是白天阳光普照晚上清风徐徐的日子。
And just now in England they had a cold spell . 但现在在英国 他们有一个春寒期
cold spell:n.寒冷期;
All of the wind in the entire country shut down for a week. 整个国家的风力 整整停了一个星期
None of those things were stirring . 没有哪个风力发电机还在转动
stirring:adj.激动人心的; n.开始,出现,酝酿; v.搅动; (stir的现在分词)
And as usual, they had to buy nuclear power from France. 像往常一样,他们只好向法国购买核能发的电。
Two gigawatts comes through the Chunnel . 20亿瓦特的电量通过电网输入,
Chunnel:n.水底铁路隧道;
This keeps happening. 这样的情况不断的重复
I used to worry about the 10,000 year factor . 我曾经担心10000年后怎么办,
factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
And the fact is, we're going to use the nuclear waste we have for fuel in the fourth generation of reactors that are coming along. 但事实是,我们将会把这些核废料用作燃料, 即将到来的第四代核反应堆的燃料,
And especially the small reactors need to go forward. 尤其是那些即将推广的,较小的核反应堆的燃料。
I heard from Nathan Myhrvold -- and I think here's the action point -- it'll take an act of Congress to make the Nuclear Regulatory Commission start moving quickly on these small reactors, which we need very much, here and in the world. 我从Nathan Myhrvold那里听说,我认为个观点很可行 他们将会在议会采取行动 成立核能委员会 快速发展推广我们,这里和全世界 都急需的小型核能反应堆
action point:n.(尤指在会议上达成的)行动方案; Congress:n.国会;代表大会;会议;社交; Regulatory:adj.管理的;控制的;调整的;
(Applause) 掌声。
MJ: So we've analyzed the hour-by-hour power demand and supply, looking at solar, wind, using data for California. MJ:我们对电力的供给 进行了精确到小时的统计。 就说在加利弗里亚的数据,风能加太阳能
analyzed:v.分析(analyze的过去式和过去分词);检讨;
And you can match that demand, hour-by-hour, for the whole year almost. 可以满足几乎全年内每一小时 的电力供给。
Now, with regard to the resources, we've developed the first wind map of the world, from data alone, at 80 meters. 现在,为了更好的看清资源, 我们绘制了全球风能地图 从数据本身,80米左右,
We know what the resources are. You can cover 15 percent. 我们知道资源是什么,你可以满足15%
15 percent of the entire U.S. 全美15%的电力需求。
has wind at fast-enough speeds to be cost-competitive . 足够快速的风力是很有成本竞争力的
cost-competitive:有成本竞争力的;
And there's much more solar than there is wind. 何况还有更多太阳能。
There's plenty of resource. You can make it reliable. 如此多的资源我们可以让他变得可靠。
CA: Okay. So, thank you, Mark. 谢谢,Mark
(Applause) 掌声
So if you were in Palm Springs ... 如果你在Palm Spring
Palm:n.手掌;手心;棕榈树;v.把…藏在手中(尤指玩戏法);
(Laughter) 笑声
(Applause) 掌声
Shameless . Shameless . Shameless . 丢人,丢人,丢人
Shameless:adj.无耻的;不要脸的;伤风败俗的;
(Applause) 掌声
So, people of the TED community , TED观众朋友们。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
I put it to you that what the world needs now is nuclear energy. 现在你们来决定 世界是否需要核能
All those in favor, raise your hands. 支持正方的观众,请举手。
(Shouts) 吃惊得叫声
And all those against. 支持反方的,举手
Ooooh. 哇哦。
Now that is -- my take on that ... 好,现在,这样吧
Just put up ... Hands up, people who changed their minds during the debate, who voted differently. 听了辩论之后改变主意的人请举手 谁改变了立场,
Those of you who changed your mind in favor of "for" 谁改变主意开始 支持正方的观众
put your hands up. 请举手。
Okay. So here's the read on it. 好的,结果出来了
Both people won supporters , but on my count, the mood of the TED community shifted from about 75-25 to about 65-35 in favor, in favor. 两边都赢得了新的支持者 根据我的统计 TED 观众的支持率与反对率的比例 从75 比25 下降到65比35 很好,很好。
supporters:n.拥护者;(运动队的)支持者;(supporter的复数) mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛; shifted:转移;移动(shift的过去式和过去分词);
You both won. I congratulate both of you. 一个双赢的局面。恭喜两位
Thank you for that. 谢谢你们的精彩辩论
(Applause) 掌声