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NormanFoster_2007P-_norman_foster_s_议程_
As an architect you design for the present , with an awareness of the past, for a future which is essentially unknown. 身为一名建筑师, 你是利用对于过去的了解 来为现在设计, 也为基本未知的未来而设计
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者; for the present:暂时,目前; awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; essentially:adv.本质上;本来;
The green agenda is probably the most important agenda and issue of the day. 绿色议程也许是现在最重要的话题, 人们都关注的话题。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
And I'd like to share some experience over the last 40 years -- we celebrate our fortieth anniversary this year -- and to explore and to touch on some observations about the nature of sustainability . 我想与大家分享一些经验 过去40年- 今年我们庆祝我们的40周年-- 一起来讨论和接触一些关于 持续的本质的观察。
fortieth:num.第四十;四十分之一;adj.第四十的;四十分之一的;n.第四十;四十分之一; explore:v.探索:探测:探险: observations:n.观察,观察值;观察结果;(observation的复数形式); sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性;
How far you can anticipate , what follows from it, what are the threats, what are the possibilities, the challenges, the opportunities? 你能预期多远,后面又会发生什么, 有哪些威胁,有哪些可能, 挑战与机会？
anticipate:v.预期,期望;占先,抢先;提前使用;
I think that -- I've said in the past, many, many years ago, before anybody even invented the concept of a green agenda, that it wasn't about fashion -- it was about survival . 我想-- 我曾经在很多年前提过, 那还是在绿色议程的概念都还没存在之前, 这不是为了时髦-- 是为了生存。
survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
But what I never said, and what I'm really going to make the point is, that really, green is cool. 不过我从没说过, 但是现在我要强调的是, 环保是件非常有意义的事。
I mean, all the projects which have, in some way, been inspired by that agenda are about a celebratory lifestyle, in a way celebrating the places and the spaces which determine the quality of life. 我的意思是,所有由环保概念引发的项目 都跟庆祝的生活方式有关, 那是庆祝决定生活质量的 地方和空间
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) celebratory:adj.庆祝的;庆贺的;快乐的; determine:v.决定;确定;测定;查明;形成;影响;裁决;安排;
I rarely actually quote anything, so I'm going to try and find a piece of paper if I can, 我实际上很少引述任何东西, 如此,如果我能,我要找篇文章
rarely:adv.很少地;难得;罕有地; quote:v.引用;报价;举例说明;开价;为(企业的股份)上市;n.引用;
[in] which somebody, at the end of last year, ventured the thought about what for that individual , as a kind of important observer , analyst , writer -- a guy called Thomas Friedman, who wrote in the Herald Tribune , about 2006. 去年年底有人曾提出过这个想法 关于个人怎么样的,作为一位重要的观察者, 分析家,作家,一个名叫汤姆士 弗里曼的人, 他2006年在国际先锋论坛。
ventured:v.敢于冒险;小心地说,谨慎地做;(venture的过去分词和过去式) individual:n.个人;有个性的人;adj.单独的;个别的; observer:n.观察员;观察者;观察家;观测者; analyst:n.分析者;精神分析医师;分解者; Herald:n.先驱;传令官;报信者;vt.通报;预示…的来临; Tribune:n.护民官;讲坛;看台;公民权利保护者;
He said, "I think the most important thing to happen in 2006 was that living and thinking green hit Main Street . 他说, 我想在2006年,最重要的事件 就是让大家知道环保的概念。
Main Street:n.大街(城镇的主要商业街道);典型的美国中产阶级;
We reached a tipping point this year where living, acting, designing, investing and manufacturing green came to be understood by a critical mass of citizens, entrepreneurs and officials as the most patriotic , capitalistic , geo-political and competitive thing they could do. 今年,我们达到了一个引爆点 生活,拍戏,设计,投资和生产都被环保的概念影响。 大众都开始明白了 包括了市民,企业家和政府人员 他们能做得最爱国的,最资本主义的,最地理政治学 及最具有竞争性的事。
tipping point:n.(个案积累终成大趋势的)引爆点; investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词) manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); critical mass:n.(核链式反应的)临界质量; entrepreneurs:n.企业家;(entrepreneur的复数) patriotic:adj.爱国的; capitalistic:adj.资本主义的;资本家的; geo-political:地缘政治; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
Hence my motto : green is the new red, white and blue." 所以我的座右铭是:环保是新的红,白,蓝。“
Hence:adv.因此;今后; motto:n.座右铭,格言;箴言;
And I asked myself, in a way, looking back, "When did that kind of awareness of the planet and its fragility first appear?" 回顾过去我问我自己, ”关注地球及其脆弱性是何时开始的呢？“
fragility:n.脆弱;[力]易碎性;虚弱;
And I think it was July 20, 1969, when, for the first time, man could look back at planet Earth. 我想是从1969年7月20日, 那是,第一次,人类回顾地球。
And, in a way, it was Buckminster Fuller who coined that phrase. 从某种程度上来说,是巴克明斯特 富勒创造了那个词。
And before the kind of collapse of the communist system, 在共产体制瓦解之前,
collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭; communist:n.共产党员;共产主义者;adj.共产主义的;
I was privileged to meet a lot of cosmonauts in Space City and other places in Russia. 我荣幸地跟许多前苏联的宇航员 在俄国的太空城和其他地方见过。
privileged:adj.有特权的; v.给予特权; (privilege的过去式和过去分词) cosmonauts:n.(俄)宇航员(等于astronaut);
And interestingly , as I think back, they were the first true environmentalists . 很有趣的事情,我回想起来, 他们是第一批真正的环保主义者。
interestingly:adv.有趣地; environmentalists:n.环保人士;环保主义者;(environmentalist的复数形式)
They were filled with a kind of pioneering passion , fired about the problems of the Aral Sea. 他们充满一种开拓者的热情, 为咸海的问题而充满热情。
passion:n.激情;热情;酷爱;盛怒;
And at that period it was -- in a way, a number of things were happening. 那个时期-- 发生了几件事情。
Buckminster Fuller was the kind of green guru -- again, a word that had not been coined. 巴克明斯特 富勒是那种环保领袖-- 这也是当时还未被创造出来的词汇。
guru:n.古鲁(指印度教等宗教的宗师或领袖);领袖;专家;
He was a design scientist, if you like, a poet, but he foresaw all the things that are happening now. 他是个设计科学家,如果你想,也是一位诗人, 他预期了所有正在发生的事情。
foresaw:v.预见;预料(foresee的过去式);
It's another subject. It's another conversation. -这是别的话题,另一段谈话。
You can go back to his writings : it's quite extraordinary . 你可以看看他的作品,很棒。
writings:n.作品,篇章(writing的复数形式); extraordinary:adj.非凡的;特别的;离奇的;临时的;特派的;
It was at that time, with an awareness fired by Bucky's prophecies , his concerns as a citizen, as a kind of citizen of the planet, that influenced my thinking and what we were doing at that time. 就在那时, 巴克的预言激起了关注,他身为 公民,地球的公民, 影响了我的思想及当时正在做的事情。
prophecies:n.预言(prophecy的复数); concerns:n.关注; v.使关心(concern的三单形式); influenced:v.影响;对…起作用;支配;左右;(influence的过去分词和过去式)
And it's a number of projects. 有几个项目。
I select this one because it was 1973, and it was a master plan for one of the Canary Islands. 我选了这个是因为它是在1973年, 为加那利群岛之一的总体计划。
master plan:n.总体规划;总计划; Canary:n.[鸟]金丝雀;淡黄色;
And this probably coincided with the time when you had the planet Earth's sourcebook, and you had the hippie movement. 这或许是个巧合 遇上地球原始资料, 以及嬉皮运动。
coincided:v.同时发生;相同;相符;重叠;(coincide的过去式和过去分词) hippie:n.嬉皮士;嬉皮模样的年青人;adj.嬉皮的;
And there are some of those qualities in this drawing, which seeks to sum up the recommendations . 这个设计图上有一些那样的特性 来综合那些建议。
seeks:v.寻求;寻找;探索;搜索; recommendations:n.推荐;推荐信;推荐规范(recommendation的复数形式);
And all the components are there which are now in common parlance , in our vocabulary, you know, 30-odd years later: wind energy, recycling , biomass , solar cells. 那些构成现在成为了 共同的说法,出现在我们的词汇中, 你知道,30多年之后。 风能,回收,生物能源,太阳能电池--
components:n.部件;组件;成份(component复数); parlance:n.说法;用语;语调;发言; recycling:n.(资源,垃圾的)回收利用;v.回收;再循环利用(recycle的现在分词); biomass:n.(单位面积或体积内的)[生态]生物量;
And in parallel at that time, there was a very kind of exclusive design club. 同时还有 一个特别的设计俱乐部。
parallel:adj.平行的; v.与…相似; n.极其相似的人(或情况、事件等); exclusive:adj.独有的;排外的;专一的;n.独家新闻;独家经营的项目;排外者;
People who were really design conscious were inspired by the work of Dieter Rams , and the objects that he would create for the company called Braun. 那些真正有设计意识的人们 深受迪特拉姆斯的作品的影响, 以及他为布劳恩公司所创造的 那些物品的影响。
conscious:adj.意识到的;故意的;神志清醒的; Dieter:n.节食者; Rams:n.公羊; v.撞击; (ram的复数)
This is going back the mid-'50s, '60s. 这是在50年代、60年代中期的事了。
And despite Bucky's prophecies that everything would be miniaturized and technology would make an incredible style -- access to comfort, to amenities -- it was very, very difficult to imagine that everything that we see in this image, would be very, very stylishly packaged. 不论巴克预言 所有的东西都将小型化 而且科技将创造一种不可思议的风格-- 贴近舒适,实用-- 很难想象 我们在这张图上看到的一切 都将被包装得很时髦。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; miniaturized:小型化; technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; amenities:n.生活福利设施;便利设施;舒适;礼仪;(amenity的复数) stylishly:adv.时髦地;新式地;
And that, and more besides , would be in the palm of your hand. 此外,它们将只有你的掌心大小。
besides:adv.此外;而且;prep.除…之外; palm:n.手掌;手心;棕榈树;v.把…藏在手中(尤指玩戏法);
And I think that that digital revolution now is coming to the point where, as the virtual world, which brings so many people together here, finally connects with the physical world, 我认为数字革命 发展到了现在这个阶段 可将许多人聚集在虚拟世界, 最终与现实世界联结的境地,
digital:adj.数字的;手指的;n.数字;键; revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环; virtual:adj.[计]虚拟的;实质上的,事实上的(但未在名义上或正式获承认); finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查;
there is the reality that that has become humanized , so that digital world has all the friendliness , all the immediacy , the orientation of the analog world. 事实上这个联结已经被人性化了, 所以数字世界拥有亲切感, 即时性,以及模拟世界的方向。
humanized:adj.人化的;人乳化;拟人(humanize过去式); friendliness:n.友谊;亲切;亲密; immediacy:n.直接;目前; orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方; analog:n.[自]模拟;类似物;adj.[自]模拟的;有长短针的;
Probably summed up in a way by the stylish or alternative available here, as we generously had gifted at lunchtime, the [unclear], which is a further kind of development -- and again, inspired by the incredible sort of sensual feel. 也许可以用 时髦的或者能替代的来作个总结, 就像是我们被赋予享受午餐时间, Maxin*,一种更高级的发展, 再次,受到奇妙的感受所启发。
summed:v.归纳;总计;总结,概括;(sum的过去分词和过去式) alternative:adj.供选择的;选择性的;交替的;n.二中择一;供替代的选择; generously:adv.慷慨地;宽大地;丰盛地; gifted:adj.有天赋的;有才华的; sensual:adj.感觉的;肉欲的;世俗的;感觉论的;
A very, very beautiful object. 一个非常,非常漂亮的物品。
So, something which in [the] '50s, '60s was very exclusive has now become, interestingly, quite inclusive . 在50和60年代很独特的东西 有趣的是, 现在已经很普遍。
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的;
And the reference to the iPod as iconic , and in a way evocative of performance , delivery -- quite interesting that [in] the beginning of the year 2007, 把iPod做为标志的参考, 和一种令人回味的表现方式,传达方式。 2007年初很有趣的是,
iconic:adj.图标的,形象的; evocative:adj.唤起的;唤出的; performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演; delivery:n.[贸易]交付;分娩;递送;
the Financial Times commented that the Detroit companies envy the halo effect that Toyota has gained from the Prius as the hybrid , energy-conscious vehicle , which rivals the iPod as an iconic product. 金融时报报道了底特律的几家公司 都羡慕丰田从 Prius获得的光环效应,即电油能混合汽车, Prius因此也成为跟iPod竞争的象征性产品。
Financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; Detroit:n.底特律(美国一座城市); envy:n.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;v.嫉妒,妒忌;羡慕;感到妒忌;显示出妒忌; halo:n.光环;荣光;v.使有晕轮;围以光环;成晕轮; Prius:adj.在前的(处方用语); hybrid:n.杂种,混血儿;混合物;adj.混合的;杂种的; vehicle:n.[车辆]车辆;工具;交通工具;运载工具;传播媒介;媒介物; rivals:n.对手(rival的复数);[劳经]竞争者;v.竞争(rival的三单形式);
And I think it's very tempting to, in a way, seduce ourselves -- as architects , or anybody involved with the design process -- that the answer to our problems lies with buildings. 我想我们很容易引诱自己, 无论是建筑师或者是参与设计过程的任何人, 都会认为解决问题的方法就在建筑上。
tempting:adj.吸引人的;诱惑人的;v.引诱;(tempt的现在分词); seduce:v.引诱;诱惑;诱奸;怂恿; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的;
Buildings are important, but they're only a component of a much bigger picture. 建筑物是重要的,但是 他们只是大景象中的一部分。
In other words, as I might seek to demonstrate , if you could achieve the impossible, the equivalent of perpetual motion , you could design a carbon-free house, for example. 换句话说,我将试图说明, 如果你能做到不可能的事情, 例如永动机, 你就能设计一栋零碳房屋。
demonstrate:vt.证明;展示;论证;vi.示威; equivalent:adj.等价的,相等的;同意义的;n.等价物,相等物; perpetual motion:n.永动; carbon-free:adj.不含碳的;
That would be the answer. 那将会是解决的方法。
Unfortunately , it's not the answer. 可惜的是,那不是解决的方法。
Unfortunately:adv.不幸地;
It's only the beginning of the problem. 只是问题的开始而已。
You cannot separate the buildings out from the infrastructure of cites and the mobility of transit . 你不能将建筑物从 城市基础建设和交通运输中 分离出来。
infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造; cites:n.引文(cite的复数形式);v.援引(cite的第三人称单数形式); mobility:n.移动性;机动性;[电子]迁移率; transit:n.运输;经过;v.运送;经过;
For example, if, in that Bucky-inspired phrase, we draw back and we look at planet Earth, and we take a kind of typical , industrialized society, then the energy consumed would be split between the buildings, 44 percent, transport , 34 percent, and industry. 例如,如果,用巴克启发我们的词汇,我们退后一步 来观察地球, 我们看到一个典型的,工业化的社会, 能源消耗是这样的分布的 建筑,44%,交通,34%,及工业。
draw back:拉开;收回;退却;使保持距离; typical:adj.典型的;特有的;象征性的; industrialized:adj.工业化的;v.使工业化;将…组成产业(industrialize的过去分词); consumed:adj.沉迷…的; v.消耗,耗费; (consume的过去分词和过去式) split:v.分离;使分离;劈开;离开;分解;n.劈开;裂缝;adj.劈开的; transport:n.运输;输送;运送;运输机;v.输送;传播;使产生身临其境的感觉;(旧时)流放;
But again, that only shows part of the picture. 但是再次地,这仅仅是整体的一部分。
If you looked at the buildings together with the associated transport, in other words, the transport of people, which is 26 percent, then 70 percent of the energy consumption is influenced by the way that our cites and infrastructure work together. 如果你将建筑和交通一起来看 换句话说,人们的交通,也就是26%, 70%的能源消耗 则受到城市及其基础建设如何一起运作的影响。
associated:adj.有关联的; v.联想; (associate的过去分词和过去式) consumption:n.消费;消耗;肺痨; by the way:顺便说一下;
So the problems of sustainability cannot be separated from the nature of the cities, of which the buildings are a part. 于是持久性的问题 不能跟建筑所归属的城市的本质分开, 建筑是城市的一部分。
For example, if you take, and you make a comparison between a recent kind of city, what I'll call, simplistically , a North American city -- and Detroit is not a bad example, it is very car dependent . 例如,你把两个城市作比较, 一个新的城市, 我说,简单点,一个北美的城市-- 底特律就行,大量地依赖汽车。
comparison:n.比较;对比;相比; simplistically:adv.(过分)简单化地; dependent:adj.取决于;依靠的;依赖的;有瘾的;n.受赡养者;扈从;依存[从属]物;
The city goes out in annular rings, consuming more and more green space, and more and more roads, and more and more energy in the transport of people between the city center -- 底特律城市以环状的方式扩散, 耗用更多的绿地, 更多的道路,更多的能源 消耗在人们往返市中心的交通中--
consuming:adj.消费的;强烈的;v.消耗(consume的ing形式);
which again, the city center, as it becomes deprived of the living and just becomes commercial , again becomes dead. 这样,市中心,随着它不再是人们的 生活空间,仅仅作为商业中心,它也就死亡了。
deprived:adj.缺少食物的;缺乏足够教育的; commercial:adj.贸易的;商业的;赢利的;以获利为目的的;n.(电台或电视播放的)广告;
If you compared Detroit with a city of a Northern European example -- and Munich is not a bad example of that, with the greater dependence on walking and cycling -- then a city which is really only twice as dense , is only using one-tenth of the energy. 如果你将底特律跟北欧的一个城市相比较, 慕尼黑算是不错的选择, 慕尼黑大量依赖走路和骑脚踏车, 那么这个密度多了一倍的城市, 却只使用底特律十分之一的能源。
compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) dependence:n.依赖;依靠;信任;信赖; dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的;
In other words, you take these comparable examples and the energy leap is enormous . 换句话说,你看这些比较的例子 就知道能源的差距很大。
comparable:adj.可比较的;比得上的; leap:n.跳越;跳跃;跳高;骤变;v.跳;跳跃;跳越;猛冲; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
So basically , if you wanted to generalize , you can demonstrate that as the density increases along the bottom there, that the energy consumed reduces dramatically . 基本上,如果你想归纳,你可以说 在底线上随着人口密度的增加, 能源消耗却可大幅减少。
basically:adv.主要地,基本上; generalize:vt.概括;推广;使...一般化;vi.形成概念; density:n.密度; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
Of course you can't separate this out from issues like social diversity , mass transit, the ability to be able to walk a convenient distance, the quality of civic spaces. 当然你无法撇开 社会多样性,公共交通 行走距离的可行性, 城市的空间品质等条件。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数) diversity:n.差异(性):多样性:多样化: convenient:adj.实用的;便利的;方便的; civic:adj.市的;公民的,市民的;
But again, you can see Detroit, in yellow at the top, extraordinary consumption, down below Copenhagen . 但是,你可以看到底特律,处于顶部的黄色部分, 有着惊人的消耗,哥本哈根则在其下。
Copenhagen:n.哥本哈根(丹麦首都);
And Copenhagen, although it's a dense city, is not dense compared with the really dense cities. 哥本哈根,尽管是个人口密集的城市, 比起其他一些真正密集的城市却不算密集。
In the year 2000, a rather interesting thing happened. 2000年,发生了一件相当有趣的事。
You had for the first time mega-cities , [of] 5 million or more, which were occurring in the developing world. 你第一次看到五百万人或以上的巨型城市, 开始在发展中国家形成。
mega-cities:巨型城市(mega-city的名词复数); occurring:n.事件;事故;事变;
And now, out of typically 46 cities, 33 of those mega-cities are in the developing world. 现在,在46个典型城市中, 33个巨型城市都在发展中国家。
typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地;
So you have to ask yourself -- the environmental impact of, for example, China or India. 所以你会问自己-- 例如,中国或印度,会带来什么样的环境冲击。
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
If you take China, and you just take Beijing, you can see on that traffic system, and the pollution associated with the consumption of energy as the cars expand at the price of the bicycles. 如果你拿中国,或者只是北京做例子, 你看它的交通系统, 及能源消耗所导致的污染 当汽车变得跟自行车一样便宜。
expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开;
In other words, if you put onto the roads, as is currently happening, 1,000 new cars every day -- statistically , it's the biggest booming auto market in the world -- and the half a billion bicycles serving one and a third billion people are reducing. 换句话说,如果每天有1000辆汽车增加在路上, 这是正在发生的事情-- 数据显示这是世界上最蓬勃的汽车市场。 而三亿多人骑的五亿辆自行车正在减少。
currently:adv.当前;一般地; statistically:adv.统计地;统计学上; booming:adj.兴旺的,繁荣的;大受欢迎的;v.兴旺(boom的现在分词);发出隆隆声; auto:n.汽车;v.坐汽车;
And that urbanization is extraordinary, accelerated pace. 这样的都市化速度真实惊人的快。
urbanization:n.都市化;文雅化; accelerated:v.(使)加速;加速;加快(accelerate的过去分词和过去式)
So, if we think of the transition in our society of the movement from the land to the cities, which took 200 years, then that same process is happening in 20 years. 假如,我们思考自己社会的转变 从空地发展到城市整整花了200年的时间, 而同样的过程仅花了20年。
transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡;
In other words, it is accelerating by a factor of 10. 换句话讲,快了整整十倍。
accelerating:adj.促进的,[物]加速的;催化的; factor:n.因素;要素;[物]因数;代理人;v.做代理商;v.把…作为因素计入;
And quite interestingly, over something like a 60-year period, we're seeing the doubling in life expectancy , over that period where the urbanization has trebled . 非常有趣的是,大约60年间, 我们看到预期寿命增加了一倍, 同时都市化快了三倍。
life expectancy:预期寿命; trebled:adj.三倍的; n.三倍; vi.变成三倍; vt.使成三倍;
If I pull back from that global picture, and I look at the implication over a similar period of time in terms of the technology -- which, as a tool, is a tool for designers, and I cite our own experience as a company, 如果我们看全球, 以相同的时间段来看 就科技这一工具而言, 科技是设计师的工具, 我将以我自己公司的经验作为例子,
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; implication:n.含意;可能的影响(或作用、结果);暗指;(被)牵连;
and I just illustrate that by a small selection of projects -- then how do you measure that change of technology? 选一些作品来说明-- 如何测量科技的改变程度？
illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; selection:n.选择;选拔;挑选;被挑选的人(或物);
How does it affect the design of buildings? 科技如何影响建筑物的设计？
And particularly , how can it lead to the creation of buildings which consume less energy, create less pollution and are more socially responsible ? 特别的事,它如何引领 我们创造节能的, 低污染的,具有更多社会责任的建筑物？
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物; responsible:adj.负责的,可靠的;有责任的;
That story, in terms of buildings, started in the late '60s, early '70s. 故事发生在60年代末,70年代初。
The one example I take is a corporate headquarters for a company called Willis and Faber, in a small market town in the northeast of England, commuting distance with London. 一个例子是一个企业的总部大楼 这个企业叫威利斯和法贝尔, 地点在英格兰东北部的商业小镇, 与伦敦距离不远。
corporate:adj.公司的;组成公司(或团体)的;法人的;社团的; headquarters:n.总部;指挥部;司令部; northeast:adj.东北的;来自东北的;n.东北;adv.向东北;来自东北; commuting:n.乘公交车上下班;经常往来;
And here, the first thing you can see is that this building, the roof is a very warm kind of overcoat blanket, a kind of insulating garden, which is also about the celebration of public space. 首先你看见 这栋大楼的屋顶像是个 很温暖的大被子,一个隔热花园, 一个共享的公共空间。
overcoat:n.大衣,外套; insulating:adj.起隔热(或隔音、绝缘)作用的; v.使免除; (insulate的现在分词)
In other words, for this community , they have this garden in the sky. 换句话说,这个社区有个空中花园。
community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
So the humanistic ideal is very, very strong in all this work, encapsulated perhaps by one of my early sketches here, where you can see greenery , you can see sunlight , you have a connection with nature. 人性化的想法在这些作品中很浓重, 或许这也涵盖在我早期的手稿当中, 当你看到绿地,当你看到阳光, 你就跟自然有了接触。
humanistic:adj.人文主义的;人道主义的; encapsulated:adj.密封的; v.压缩(encapsulate的过去分词); sketches:n.[测]草图; v.素描,写生(sketch的第三人称单数); greenery:n.绿色植物;温室; sunlight:n.日光;
And nature is part of the generator , the driver for this building. 自然是这栋建筑的发电机和驱动者之一。
generator:n.发电机;发生器;电力公司;
And symbolically , the colors of the interior are green and yellow. 象征性地,室内的颜色是绿色跟黄色的。
symbolically:adv.象征性地;象征意义地; interior:n.内部;内陆;内地;里面;adj.内部的;里面的;
It has facilities like swimming pools, it has flextime, it has a social heart, a space, you have contact with nature. 它还有游泳池等设施,有弹性工作时间, 有社交中心,还有一个空间,你能跟自然相处的空间。
facilities:n.设施;设备;特别装置;特色;场所;(facility的复数) contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
Now this was 1973. 那是1973年的设计。
In 2001, this building received an award. 2001年,这栋建筑得了个奖。
And the award was about a celebration for a building which had been in use over a long period of time. 表彰一座使用了 很长一段时间的建筑。
And the people who'd created it came back: the project managers, the company chairmen then. 建造它的人们聚集在一起: 项目主管,公司主席
And they were saying, you know, "The architects, Norman was always going on about designing for the future, and you know, it didn't seem to cost us any more. 他们说 那个建筑诺曼总是说 是为未来做设计的, 而且也没让我们花更多的钱。
So we humored him, we kept him happy." 所以,我们让他幽默一把,让他高兴。
humored:n.幽默,诙谐;心情;vt.迎合,迁就;顺应;
The image at the top, what it doesn't -- if you look at it in detail, really what it is saying is you can wire this building. 上方的图片, 如果你仔细看, 其实它是告诉你,你可以为这栋建筑布线。
This building was wired for change. 这栋建筑为了改变而布线。
So, in 1975, the image there is of typewriters. 1975年,图片上的是打字机。
And when the photograph was taken, it's word processors . 当拍摄照片时,则变成了电脑。
processors:n.加工机(或工人);处理器;处理机;(processor的复数)
And what they were saying on this occasion was that our competitors had to build new buildings for the new technology. 他们都说,那个时侯是我们的竞争者 必须建造出适应新科技的大楼。
We were fortunate, because in a way our building was future-proofed. 我们很幸运 因为我们的建筑适应了未来。
It anticipated change, even though those changes were not known. 它预计了改变,甚至是那些不可知的改变。
anticipated:adj.预期的; v.预期; (anticipate的过去式和过去分词)
Round about that design period leading up to this building, 大约是在完成这栋大楼的设计之前,
I did a sketch, which we pulled out of the archive recently . 我花了张草图,最近才从档案中拿出来。
archive:n.档案馆;档案文件; recently:adv.最近;新近;
And I was saying, and I wrote, "But we don't have the time, and we really don't have the immediate expertise at a technical level." 我在上面写着,“但是我们没有那个时间, 我们真的没有即时的专家 技术专家。”
expertise:n.专门知识;专门技术;专家的意见; technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
In other words, we didn't have the technology to do what would be really interesting on that building. 换句话说,我们当时并没有相关的技术 能把真的有意思的东西建造出来。
And that would be to create a kind of three-dimensional bubble -- a really interesting overcoat that would naturally ventilate , would breathe and would seriously reduce the energy loads. 比如创造一种立体泡泡-- 一种会自然通风的有趣外层, 会呼吸而且真能减少能量消耗。
three-dimensional:adj.三维的;立体的;真实的; bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情); naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; ventilate:vt.使通风;给…装通风设备;宣布;
Notwithstanding the fact that the building, as a green building, is very much a pioneering building. 尽管,事实上,这栋建筑也是一栋绿色建筑, 是绿色建筑的先锋。
Notwithstanding:adv.尽管,仍然;prep.尽管,虽然;conj.虽然;
And if I fast-forward in time, what is interesting is that the technology is now available and celebratory. 如果我把时间条块,有趣的是 现在的技术可行而且值得庆祝。
fast-forward:n.快进功能;adj.进展迅速的;vi.快进;vt.使快进;
The library of the Free University, which opened last year, is an example of that. 去年落成的自由大学的图书馆, 就是一个例子。
And again, the transition from one of the many thousands of sketches and computer images to the reality. 从几万份草图中变成 计算机图再变成实体。
images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
And a combination of devices here, the kind of heavy mass concrete of these book stacks , and the way in which that is enclosed by this skin, which enables the building to be ventilated , to consume dramatically less energy, and where it's really working with the forces of nature. 这里面混合着许多设备, 那些厚重的水泥书柜, 还有被外层包覆的方式 可让图书馆自然通风, 大量节能, 而且,还能够以大自然的方式运作。
combination:n.结合;组合;联合;[化学]化合; devices:n.[机][计]设备;[机]装置;[电子]器件(device的复数); concrete:n.混凝土;adj.混凝土制的;确实的,具体的;vt.用混凝土覆盖 stacks:n.堆叠;[图情]书库(stack的复数);进程堆栈应用; enclosed:adj.封闭的;附上的;v.把…围起来;围住;附上;(enclose的过去分词和过去式) enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) ventilated:adj.通风的;v.发表;使…通风(ventilate的过去分词);
And what is interesting is that this is hugely popular by the people who use it. 有趣的是,这很受 使用者的喜爱。
Again, coming back to that thing about the lifestyle, and in a way, the ecological agenda is very much at one with the spirit. 这又将我们带回生活品味的观念上, 从某种程度上讲,人们都认同生态议题。
ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的;
So it's not a kind of sacrifice , quite the reverse . 这不是一种牺牲,而是恰恰相反。
sacrifice:n.牺牲;舍弃;祭献;祭祀;祭品;v.牺牲;献出;作祭献 reverse:n.反面; v.颠倒; adj.相反的;
I think it's a great -- it's a celebration. 我认为环保是件很棒的事情,值得庆祝。
And you can measure the performance, in terms of energy consumption, of that building against a typical library. 你能测量环保的功效 将这栋建筑的耗能量跟典型的图书馆 作比较。
If I show another aspect of that technology then, in a completely different context -- this apartment building in the Alps in Switzerland. 让我举出另一项环保科技 在背景完全不同的地方-- 这栋建筑位于瑞士的阿尔卑斯山。
aspect:n.方面;层面;外观;方位; context:n.环境;上下文;来龙去脉;
Prefabricated from the most traditional of materials, but that material -- because of the technology, the computing ability, the ability to prefabricate, make high-performance components out of timber -- very much at the cutting edge . 用最传统的建材预先打造, 材料--因为有科技和电脑的帮助, 可预制高性能的木材结构, 那是很先进的建材。
Prefabricated:adj.预制构件的;v.预先建造组合(prefabricate的过去分词); traditional:传统的,惯例的, computing:n.计算;计算机技术;信息处理技术;v.计算;求出;(compute的现在分词) high-performance:adj.高性能的;高效能的; timber:n.木材;木料; cutting edge:n.(刀片的)刃口;尖端;前沿;adj.先进的,尖端的;
And just to give a sort of glimpse of that technology, the ability to plot points in the sky and to transmit , to transfer that information now, directly into the factory. 再来看一下这个技术, 将点划分在空中 再将信息传输到 工厂。
glimpse:v.瞥见;[诗]闪现;n.领悟;概况;见识;一睹; plot:n.情节;阴谋;布局;小块土地;v.密谋;暗中策划;(在地图上)标出;绘制(图表); transmit:v.传送;发射;播送;传播;传染; transfer:n.转移;调任;调离;[体]转会球员;v.调任;调走;转学;转移; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
So if you cross the border -- just across the border -- a small factory in Germany, and here you can see the guy with his computer screen, and those points in space are communicated. 越过瑞士的边界--就越过一点点, 在德国有一间小工厂,你可以看到这里有个人站在电脑前, 刚才那些空中的点就传输过来了。
And on the left are the cutting machines, which then, in the factory, enable those individual pieces to be fabricated and plus or minus very, very few millimeters , to be slotted together on site . 左边的是用来切割的机器 这样工厂 可以预制每一块独特的建材。 只留下非常小的尺寸让工人 现场组装。
minus:prep.减,减去;n.负号,减号;不足;负数;adj.减的;负的; millimeters:n.毫米;(millimeter的复数) slotted:adj.有沟槽的;有裂痕的;v.开缝;跟踪(slot的过去分词); site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
And then interestingly, that building to then be clad in the oldest technology, which is the kind of hand-cut shingles . 有趣的是,接着那栋建筑将以 最古老的技术覆盖起来,那就是像手工切制的瓦片。
clad:adj.穿衣的; vt.在金属外覆以另一种金属; v.穿衣(clothe的过去式和过去分词); shingles:n.[皮肤]带状疱疹; v.用木瓦覆盖…的屋顶;
One quarter of a million of them applied by hand as the final finish. 以手工铺上的25万瓦片来完成最后的表面处理。
applied:adj.应用的;实用的;v.应用;使用;申请,请求;(apply的过去分词和过去式)
And again, the way in which that works as a building, for those of us who can enjoy the spaces, to live and visit there. 再次,就建筑而言, 我们享受到了在那里居住 和参观的空间。
If I made the leap into these new technologies , then how did we -- what happened before that? 我跳到这里讲解这些新的技术, 那在此之前-发生了什么呢？
leap into:跳进…里面去; technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数);
I mean, you know, what was life like before the mobile phone , the things that you take for granted ? 我的意思是,在手机等你认为理所应当 的事物出现之前, 那样的生活有时什么样的呢？
mobile phone:移动电话 take for granted:认为…理所当然;
Well, obviously the building still happened. 当然,建筑还是盖起来了。
I mean, this is a glimpse of the interior of our Hong Kong bank of 1979, which opened in 1985, with the ability to be able to reflect sunlight deep into the heart of this space here. 这是1979年建造的香港银行的内部, 在1985年落成,能够将阳光折射 进入这个空间的中心。
reflect:v.反映;映出(影像);反射;表明,表达;
And in the absence of computers, you have to physically model. 在没有电脑的情况下,你必须制作实体模型。
in the absence of:缺乏,不存在;无…时,缺少…时;
So for example, we would put models under an artificial sky. 例如,我们将模型放在人造天空下。
artificial:adj.人造的;仿造的;虚伪的;非原产地的;武断的;
For wind tunnels , we would literally put them in a wind tunnel and blast air, and the many kilometers of cable and so on. 对于风道,我们就真的把它 放在风道里吹, 应用几千米长的钢索等等。
tunnels:n.[交]隧道; v.凿隧道; literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: wind tunnel:n.(试验飞机等用的)风洞; blast:n.爆炸; v.爆破; cable:n.电缆; v.打电报; (用锚链,缆索等)系住;
And the turning point was probably, in our terms, when we had the first computer. 对我们而言,转折点发生在 我们拥有了第一批电脑。
turning point:转折点;
And that was at the time that we sought to redesign , reinvent the airport . 当时我们正在探索 重新设计机场。
sought:v.seek(寻求、寻找)的过去式和过去分词形式; redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计; reinvent:v.以新形象示人;以新形式出现; airport:n.机场;航空港;
This is Terminal Four at Heathrow , typical of any terminal -- big, heavy roof, blocking out the sunlight, lots of machinery , big pipes, whirring machinery. 这是希思罗机场的第四候机室,很典型的候机室。 很大、很重的屋顶,完全阻挡了阳光, 很多机器,大型管道,嘈杂的机械声。
Terminal:n.终端;航站楼;终端机;航空终点站;adj.晚期的;不治的;致命的;患绝症的; Heathrow:n.希思罗机场(位于英国伦敦); machinery:n.机械;机器;机构;机械装置;
And Stansted, the green alternative, which uses natural light, is a friendly place: you know where you are, you can relate to the outside. 斯坦斯德特,绿色的候机室, 采用自然光,是个很友善的空间-- 你知道你在那里,你也跟外界有联结。
And for a large part of its cycle, not needing electric light -- electric light, which in turn creates more heat, which creates more cooling loads and so on. 整个循环的重点是,它不需要电灯-- 因为电灯会产生热量, 既而增加散热的负担。
electric:n.供电;adj.电的;用电的;电动的;发电的;
And at that particular point in time, this was one of the few solitary computers. 就是那个特殊时刻 这是其中一台稀少的独立计算机。
solitary:adj.孤独的;独居的;n.独居者;隐士;
And that's a little image of the tree of Stansted. 那是斯坦斯德特机场的机构图。
Not going back very far in time, 1990, that's our office. 1990年,不太久远的年代。 这是我们的办公室。
And if you looked very closely, you'd see that people were drawing with pencils, and they were pushing, you know, big rulers and triangles . 如果你仔细看,你会看到 你们用铅笔绘图, 他们还在用大尺子和三角板。
triangles:n.[数]三角形,三角型态(triangle的复数形式);
It's not that long ago, 17 years, and here we are now. 那并不是很久以前的事情,17年,看看我们现在。
I mean, major transformation . 真是巨大的转变。
transformation:n.转变;(用于南非)民主改革;
Going back in time, there was a lady called Valerie Larkin, and in 1987, she had all our information on one disk. 回顾以前,有位叫韦拉瑞 拉肯*德女士, 1987年,她将所有的资料都存在一张磁盘上。
Now, every week, we have the equivalent of 84 million disks, which record our archival information on past, current and future projects. 现在,每个星期我们的资料都相当于那时的八千四百万张, 存储了过去的, 现在的及将来的所有项目。
archival:adj.档案的;
That reaches 21 kilometers into the sky. 长度可达21千米,直达天空。
This is the view you would get, if you looked down on that. 这是你从那个高度往下看的景象。
But meanwhile , as you know, wonderful protagonists like Al Gore are noting the inexorable rise in temperature, set in the context of that, interestingly, those buildings which are celebratory and very, very relevant to this place. 可是现在,你知道, 像戈尔那样的杰出倡导者 都在说气温将无法停止攀升, 在这样的情况下。 有趣的是,这些提倡 环保的建筑都跟那个地方关系密切。
meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; protagonists:主人公;主角; inexorable:adj.无情的;不屈不挠的;不可阻挡的;无法改变的; relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
Our Reichstag project, which has a very familiar agenda, I'm sure, as a public place where we sought to, in a way, through a process of advocacy , reinterpret the relationship between society and politicians , 我们柏林国会大厦的项目, 我想这是一个众所皆知的议题, 作为公共空间,我们想找办法 提倡环保的方式, 重新诠释社会及政治家的关系,
familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; advocacy:n.主张;拥护;辩护; reinterpret:vt.重新解释; politicians:n.政治家;(蔑)政客;(美)政治贩;(politician的复数)
public space. And maybe its hidden agenda , an energy manifesto -- something that would be free, completely free of fuel as we know it. 公共空间,也许在隐藏的议题中,有能源宣言-- 某种不需要,完完全全的不需要 燃料的东西。
hidden agenda:n.(言语或行为背后的)隐秘意图; manifesto:n.宣言;声明;告示;
So it would be totally renewable . 利用完全可以再生能源。
renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
And again, the humanistic sketch, the translation into the public space, but this very, very much a part of the ecology. 再次,人性化的草图,转变成公共空间。 但是,这个生态环境的一部分。
But here, not having to model it for real. 但是,我们不需要实际制作的模型。
Obviously the wind tunnel had a place, but the ability now with the computer to explore, to plan, to see how that would work in terms of the forces of nature: 显然风道有它的地盘, 但是有了现在的电脑技术, 去探索,规划,和观察那将会如何 在自然力量下运行。
natural ventilation , to be able to model the chamber below, and to look at biomass. 自然通风,我们能模拟地下的空间, 并探讨生物能源。
ventilation:n.通风设备;空气流通; chamber:n.(身体或器官内的)室,膛; adj.室内的; vt.把…关在室内;
A combination of biomass, aquifers , burning vegetable oil -- a process that, quite interestingly, was developed in Eastern Germany, at the time of its dependence on the Soviet Bloc . 综合生物,地下蓄水层,燃烧植物油-- 这是一个东德设计的流程, 有趣的是 那个时候东德 还依靠着苏联。
aquifers:[地质]含水层; vegetable oil:na.植物油; Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; Soviet:adj.苏维埃的;苏联的;n.苏维埃(前苏联的各级代表会议);苏联人; Bloc:n.集团;
So really, retranslating that technology and developing something which was so clean, it was virtually pollution-free . 我们用这项重新翻译过来的技术建成 干净的,几乎是零污染的能源。
virtually:adv.事实上,几乎;实质上; pollution-free:adj.[环境]无污染的;
You can measure it again. 你可以再测量一次。
You can compare how that building, in terms of its emission in tons of carbon dioxide per year -- at the time that we took that project, over 7,000 tons -- what it would have been with natural gas and finally, with the vegetable oil, 450 tons. 你可以比较这栋建筑 每年的二氧化碳排量-- 在项目开始时是7000吨以上。 使用天然气后呢？ 最后使用植物油只有450吨。
emission:n.(光、热等的)发射,散发;喷射;发行; carbon dioxide