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NoahWilsonRich_2012X-_每个城市都需要健康的蜜蜂_
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| This man is wearing what we call a bee beard. (Laughter) |
这个人的胡子被我们叫作 |
| A beard full of bees. |
一脸满是蜜蜂的胡子 |
| Now, this is what many of you might picture when you think about honeybees , maybe insects, or maybe anything that has more legs than two. |
现在, 也许是其他什么有不只两条腿的东西。 |
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honeybees:[蜂]蜜蜂;
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| And let me start by telling you, I gotcha . |
让我开始告诉你一些东西,我明白你。 |
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gotcha:int.明白了(等于gotyou);
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| I understand that. But, there are many things to know, and I want you to open your minds here, keep them open, and change your perspective about honeybees. |
我希望你这这里打开你的思维, |
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perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的;
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| Notice that this man is not getting stung . |
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stung:刺,使疼痛(sting的过去式及过去分词)
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| He probably has a queen bee tied to his chin , and the other bees are attracted to it. |
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queen bee:蜂王;社交界女王; chin:n.下巴;颏;v.(口)用下巴夹住(提琴等);(单杠)引体向上使下巴高过横杠;谈话;
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| So this really demonstrates our relationship with honeybees, and that goes deep back for thousands of years. |
这个的确能证实我们和蜜蜂之间的关系, |
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demonstrates:v.证明;证实;论证;说明;演示;(demonstrate的第三人称单数)
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| We're very co-evolved, because we depend on bees for pollination and, even more recently , as an economic commodity . |
就算最近, 就像是一种经济货物。 |
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pollination:n.[农学]授粉(作用); recently:adv.最近;新近; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; commodity:n.商品,货物;日用品;
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| Many of you may have heard that honeybees are disappearing , not just dying, but they're gone. |
你们中的许多人也许听说了蜜蜂正在消失, 不是仅仅的死亡,但是他们不见了。 |
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disappearing:v.消失;不复存在;灭绝;丢失(disappear的现在分词)
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| We don't even find dead bodies. |
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| This is called colony collapse disorder , and it's bizarre . Researchers around the globe still do not know what's causing it, but what we do know is that, with the declining numbers |
这个被称作蜂群崩坏症候群, 这个是奇怪的。世界范围内的研究 仍然没有找到原因, 但是我们知道的是,随着蜂群的 |
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colony:n.殖民地;移民队; collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭; disorder:n.混乱;骚乱;vt.使失调;扰乱; bizarre:adj.奇异的(指态度,容貌,款式等); declining:v.减少;下降;衰弱;谢绝;婉言拒绝;(decline的现在分词)
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| of bees, the costs of over 130 fruit and vegetable crops that we rely on for food is going up in price. |
的费用正在上升。 |
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rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
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| So honeybees are important for their role in the economy as well as in agriculture. |
所以蜜蜂在经济领域 |
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economy:n.经济;节约;理财; as well as:也;和…一样;不但…而且;
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| Here you can see some pictures of what are called green roofs, or urban agriculture. |
你在这里看到一些图片,我们称作绿色屋顶 |
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urban:adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的;都市音乐的;
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| We're familiar with the image on the left that shows a local neighborhood garden in the South End. |
我们熟悉左边展示的 |
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familiar:adj.熟悉的;常见的;亲近的;n.常客;密友; neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
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| That's where I call home. I have a beehive in the backyard . |
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beehive:n.蜂窝;蜂箱; backyard:n.后院;后庭;
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| And perhaps a green roof in the future, when we're further utilizing urban areas, where there are stacks of garden spaces. |
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utilizing:v.利用(utilize的ing形式); stacks:n.堆叠;[图情]书库(stack的复数);进程堆栈应用;
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| Check out this image above the orange line in Boston . |
看看这个波士顿橘线上面照的相片。 |
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Boston:n.波士顿(美国城市);
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| Try to spot the beehive. It's there. |
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| It's on the rooftop , right on the corner there, and it's been there for a couple of years now. |
它现在已经在那好几年了。 |
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rooftop:n.屋顶;adj.屋顶上的;
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| The way that urban beekeeping currently operates is that the beehives are quite hidden, and it's not because they need to be. |
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beekeeping:n.养蜂;养蜂业; currently:adv.当前;一般地; beehives:n.蜂房(beehive的复数形式);
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| It's just because people are uncomfortable with the idea, and that's why I want you today to try to think about this, think about the benefits of bees in cities and why they really are a terrific thing. |
而这仅仅是因为人们对这个想法觉得不舒服, |
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terrific:adj.极好的;极其的,非常的;可怕的;
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| Let me give you a brief rundown on how pollination works. |
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rundown:n.裁减;纲要;
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| So we know flowers, we know fruits and vegetables, even some alfalfa in hay that the livestock for the meats that we eat, rely on pollinators , but you've got male and female parts to a plant here, and basically pollinators are attracted to plants for their nectar, and in the process, |
我们了解花朵,我们知道水果和蔬菜 甚至一些我们所食用的家畜吃的干草中的金花菜 依赖于授粉者, 但是这儿雄蕊和雌蕊都有 最基本的,传粉者被 植物的花蜜所吸引,在这个过程中 |
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alfalfa:n.[作物]苜蓿;紫花苜蓿; livestock:n.家畜;牲畜; pollinators:n.[植][农学]传粉者(pollinator的复数); female:adj.女性的;雌性的;柔弱的,柔和的;n.女人;[动]雌性动物; basically:adv.主要地,基本上;
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| a bee will visit some flowers and pick up some pollen , or that male kind of sperm counterpart , along the way, and then travel to different flowers, and eventually an apple, in this case, will be produced. |
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pollen:v.传授花粉给;n.[植]花粉; sperm:n.精子;精液;鲸蜡油; counterpart:n.副本;配对物;极相似的人或物; eventually:adv.最后,终于;
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| You can see the orientation . The stem is down. |
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orientation:n.方向;定向;适应;情况介绍;向东方; stem:n.花草的茎或梗;高脚酒杯的脚;烟斗柄;词干;v.阻止;封堵;遏止;
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| The blossom end has fallen off by the time we eat it, but that's a basic overview of how pollination works. |
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blossom:n.花朵,花簇;v.开花;变得更加健康(或自信、成功); overview:n.[图情]综述;概观;
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| And let's think about urban living, not today, and not in the past, but what about in a hundred years? |
也不是过去,而是在将来一百年？ |
| What's it gonna look like? We have huge grand challenges these days of habitat loss. We have more and more people, billions of people, in 100 years, God knows how many people, |
将要成什么样？随着这一段时间的栖息地的流失 我们有巨大的土地挑战。我们有越来越多的人口, |
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habitat:n.[生态]栖息地,产地;
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| and how little space there will be to fit all of them, so we need to change the way that we see cities, and looking at this picture on the left of New York City today, you can see how gray and brown it is. |
如何用狭小的空间养活所有的人口啊, 所以我们要改变我们看待城市的方式, |
| We have tar paper on the rooftops that bounces heat back into the atmosphere , contributing to global climate change, no doubt. |
我们在屋顶上铺盖柏油纸,它将热能 并加速全球暖化。 |
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rooftops:n.屋顶;adj.屋顶上的; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; contributing:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物);捐助;增加;增进;(contribute的现在分词) global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的;
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| What about in 100 years, if we have green rooftops everywhere, and gardening, and we create our own crops right in the cities? We save on the costs of transportation , we save on a healthier diet, and we also educate and create new jobs locally . |
在这100年中,如果我们到处都有绿色屋顶, 我们节省了运输 和节省了更健康的饮食所需的的花费,我们还能在当地 |
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transportation:n.运输;运输系统;运输工具;流放; locally:adv.在本地;局部地;在地方上;
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| We need bees for the future of our cities and urban living. |
我们需要蜜蜂为我们未来的城市和都市生活。 |
| Here's some data that we collected through our company with Best Bees, where we deliver, install and manage honeybee hives for anybody who wants them, in the city, in the countryside, and we introduce honeybees, |
发送,安装并管理蜂房, |
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install:v.安装;设置;安置;建立(程序);
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| and the idea of beekeeping in your own backyard or rooftop or fire escape , for even that matter, and seeing how simple it is and how possible it is. |
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fire escape:n.太平梯(在建筑物外部,用以逃离火场);
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| There's a counterintuitive trend that we noticed in these numbers. So let's look at the first metric here, overwintering survival . |
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counterintuitive:adj.违反直觉的; trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; metric:adj.米制的;公制的;按公制制作的;用公制测量的; overwintering:vi.过冬;vt.过冬; survival:n.幸存,残存;幸存者,残存物;
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| Now this has been a huge problem for many years, basically since the late 1980s, when the varroa mite came and brought many different viruses, bacteria and fungal diseases with it. |
1980年代末期,蜜蜂蟹蟎入侵 并随之携带许多不同的细菌、病毒 以及真菌传染疾病。 |
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varroa:瓦螨属(Varroa),是蜜蜂的体外寄生螨之一。; mite:n.极小量;小虫;小孩儿;微小的东西; bacteria:n.[微]细菌; fungal:adj.真菌的(等于fungous); diseases:n.[医]病(disease的复数);[医]疾病;[植保]病害;疾病种类;
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| Overwintering success is hard, and that's when most of the colonies are lost, and we found that in the cities, bees are surviving better than they are in the country. |
大多数的蜂群都是这时候流失 我们在城市发现了它们,蜜蜂（在城市）可以比在乡村 |
| A bit counterintuitive, right? |
听起来有点违背常理,对吧? |
| We think, oh, bees, countryside, agriculture, but that's not what the bees are showing. |
但这不是蜜蜂想要的 |
| The bees like it in the city. (Laughter) |
蜜蜂更想要呆在城市里。（笑） |
| Furthermore , they also produce more honey. |
不仅如此,他们也会生产更多的蜂蜜。 |
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Furthermore:adv.此外;而且;
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| The urban honey is delicious. |
都市蜂蜜真是美味极了。 |
| The bees in Boston on the rooftop of the Seaport Hotel, where we have hundreds of thousands of bees flying overheard right now that I'm sure none of you noticed when we walked by, are going to all of the local community gardens and making delicious, healthy honey that just tastes like the flowers in our city. |
在波士顿Seaport 酒店屋顶上的蜂群 他们现在正成千上万 于我们头顶飞过 我确定当你们路过的时候是没有察觉到的, 正在逐渐走进当地的社区花园 尝起来就像我们城市中的花朵一样。 |
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Seaport:n.海港;港口都市; overheard:v.无意中听到;偷听;(overhear的过去分词) community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
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| So the yield for urban hives, in terms of honey production, is higher as well as the overwintering survival, compared to rural areas. |
以及过冬的存活率 |
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yield:n.产量;产出;利润;v.屈服;让步;放弃;提供; compared:adj.比较的,对照的; v.相比; (compare的过去式和过去分词) rural:adj.农村的,乡下的;田园的,有乡村风味的;
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| Again, a bit counterintuitive. |
真的不太合常理 |
| And looking back historically at the timeline of honeybee health, we can go back to the year 950 and see that there was also a great mortality of bees in Ireland. |
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historically:adv.历史上地;从历史观点上说; timeline:n.时间轴,时间线;大事年表; mortality:n.死亡数,死亡率;必死性,必死的命运;
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| So the problems of bees today isn't necessarily something new. It has been happening since over a thousand years ago, but what we don't really notice are these problems in cities. |
所以现在蜜蜂所出现的问题也不是什么 |
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necessarily:adv.必要地;必定地,必然地;
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| So one thing I want to encourage you to think about is the idea of what an urban island is. |
因此有一件事我想鼓励你去思考的是 都市岛屿 这个概念 |
| You think in the city maybe the temperature's warmer. |
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| Why are bees doing better in the city? |
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| This is a big question now to help us understand why they should be in the city. |
现在这就是一个巨大的问题去帮助我们理解 |
| Perhaps there's more pollen in the city. |
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| With the trains coming in to urban hubs , they can carry pollen with them, very light pollen, and it's just a big supermarket in the city. |
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hubs:n.枢纽;中心(hub的复数);毂; very light:n.(船上发出的)求援信号弹;
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| A lot of linden trees live along the railroad tracks . |
许多椴树沿着火车铁轨生长 |
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linden:n.椴;菩提树;adj.椴科植物的; tracks:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;(track的第三人称单数和复数)
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| Perhaps there are fewer pesticides in the cities than there are in [rural] areas. |
城市中也许较郊区少喷洒农药 城市中也许较郊区少喷洒农药 |
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pesticides:n.[农药]农药;[农药]杀虫剂(pesticide的复数);
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| Perhaps there are other things that we're just not thinking about yet, but that's one idea to think about, urban islands. |
但是有一个想法要去思索,就是都市岛屿 |
| And colony collapse disorder is not the only thing affecting honeybees. Honeybees are dying, and it's a huge, huge grand challenge of our time. |
再者,蜂群崩坏症候群病不是唯一影响蜜蜂的东西 而这是我们这个世纪所面临的极大考验 |
| What you can see up here is a map of the world, and we're tracking the spread of this varroa mite. |
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tracking:n.追踪,跟踪;v.跟踪;(track的现在分词)
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| Now, the varroa mite is what changed the game in beekeeping, and you can see, at the top right, the years are changing, we're coming up to modern times, and you can see the spread of the varroa mite from the early 1900s through now. |
你可以看见,蜜蜂蟹螨的来临完全改变了蜂群现况 慢慢移动,进入到现代 你可以清楚看见蜜蜂蟹螨 |
| It's 1968, and we're pretty much covering Asia. |
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| 1971, we saw it spread to Europe and South America , and then, when we get to the 1980s, and specifically to 1987, the varroa mite finally came to North America and to the United States, and that is when the game changed for honeybees in the United States. |
到了1971,他传到欧洲和南美洲 终于抵达北美洲和美国 美国蜜蜂的状态彻底改变 |
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South America:n.南美洲; specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; finally:adv.终于;最终;(用于列举)最后;彻底地; North America:n.北美洲; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式)
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| Many of us will remember our childhood growing up, maybe you got stung by a bee, you saw bees on flowers. |
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childhood:n.童年;幼年;孩童时期
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| Think of the kids today. Their childhood's a bit different. |
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| They don't experience this. |
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| The bees just aren't around anymore. |
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| So we need bees and they're disappearing and it's a big problem. |
我们需要蜜蜂,但牠们一直消失,而这是个大问题 |
| What can we do here? |
我们能够做些什么? |
| So, what I do is honeybee research. |
我本身是研究蜜蜂的 |
| I got my Ph.D. studying honeybee health. |
我的博士论文研究的是蜂群的健康 |
| I started in 2005 studying honeybees. |
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| In 2006, honeybees started disappearing, so suddenly, like, this little nerd kid going to school working with bugs — (Laughter) — became very relevant in the world. |
忽然间,我这个纯粹想上学玩虫的书呆子(笑声) 忽然间,我这个纯粹想上学玩虫的书呆子(笑声) |
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nerd:n.呆子;讨厌的人; bugs:n.缺陷;虫子;窃听器;(bug的复数)v.窃听;使烦恼;(bug的第三人称单数) relevant:adj.相关的;切题的;中肯的;有重大关系的;有意义的,目的明确的;
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| And it worked out that way. |
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| So my research focuses on ways to make bees healthier. |
我的研究重心在于如何使蜂群更健康 |
| I don't research what's killing the bees, per se . |
我本身并不研究是什么因素让蜜蜂死亡 |
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per se:adv.本身;本质上;
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| I'm not one of the many researchers around the world who's looking at the effects of pesticides or diseases or habitat loss and poor nutrition on bees. |
我不是世界上众多研究 疾病和杀虫剂,或是栖地流失和营养匱乏 对蜜蜂的影响的研究者之一 |
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nutrition:n.营养,营养学;营养品;
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| We're looking at ways to make bees healthier through vaccines , through yogurt, like probiotics , and other types of therapies in ways that can be fed orally to bees, and this process is so easy, even a 7-year-old can do it. |
我们寻找使蜂群更健康的方法 利用疫苗,益生菌,像是优格 这些方法执行起来简单到七岁小孩都能完成 |
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vaccines:n.[药][计]疫苗; probiotics:n.益生菌,原生菌;促生素或益菌; therapies:n.治疗方法(therapy复数形式); orally:adv.口头上地;口述地;
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| You just mix up some pollen, sugar and water, and whatever active ingredient you want to put in, and you just give it right to the bees. No chemicals involved , just immune boosters . |
然后就直接给蜜蜂,不需要化学药剂 只需要增强免疫力的食品 |
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ingredient:n.原料;要素;组成部分;adj.构成组成部分的; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) immune:adj.免疫的;免于…的,免除的;n.免疫者;免除者; boosters:n.支持者(booster的复数形式);拉拉队;
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| Humans think about our own health in a prospective way. |
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prospective:adj.未来的;预期的;n.预期;展望;
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| We exercise, we eat healthy, we take vitamins . |
我们会运动、吃健康的食物、服用维他命 |
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vitamins:n.[生化]维生素;[生化]维他命;
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| Why don't we think about honeybees in that same type of way? |
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| Bring them to areas where they're thriving and try to make them healthier before they get sick. |
并且在他们生病之前增强牠们的健康状态 |
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thriving:v.兴旺发达;繁荣;旺盛;茁壮成长;(thrive的现在分词)
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| I spent many years in grad school trying to poke bees and do vaccines with needles . (Laughter) Like, years, years at the bench, "Oh my gosh, it's 3 a.m. |
我研究所时花了很多时间想要替蜜蜂打疫苗 用针打(笑声) 我花了好几年 |
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grad:n.毕业生;校友; poke:v.刺,捅;戳;伸出;刺探;闲荡;n.戳;刺;袋子;懒汉; needles:n.针数,千针本;[印刷]折页顶针(needle复数形式);
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| and I'm still pricking bees." (Laughter) |
我竟然还在用针戳蜜蜂 (笑声) |
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pricking:n.刺;刺痛感;v.刺痛(prick的现在分词);
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| And then one day I said, "Why don't we just do an oral vaccine?" |
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| It's like, "Ugh," so that's what we do. (Laughter) |
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| I'd love to share with you some images of urban beehives, because they can be anything. |
因为它们能够是任何东西 |
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images:n.印象;声誉;形象;画像;雕像;(image的第三人称单数和复数)
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| I mean, really open your mind with this. |
我是说,真的敞开心胸想想 |
| You can paint a hive to match your home. |
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| You can hide a hive inside your home. |
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| These are three hives on the rooftop of the Fairmont Copley Plaza Hotel, and they're beautiful here. I mean, we matched the new color of the inside of their rooms to do |
这些蜂箱在Fairmont Copley Plaza 饭店的屋顶 它们美极了。我们还特别配合 |
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Plaza:n.广场;市场,购物中心;
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| some type of a stained wood with blue for their sheets , and these bees are terrific, and they also will use herbs that are growing in the garden. |
还有他们床单的蓝色 |
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stained:adj.玷污的;着色的v.玷污;败坏;给…染色(stain的过去式和过去分词); sheets:n.床单;被单;薄片,薄板;(sheet的复数)
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| That's what the chefs go to to use for their cooking, and the honey -- they do live events -- they'll use that honey at their bars. |
会拿去吧台调酒用 |
| Honey is a great nutritional substitute for regular sugar because there are different types of sugars in there. |
因为里面含有各式不同的糖。 |
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nutritional:adj.营养的;滋养的; substitute:v.取代;(以…)代替;n.代用品;代替物;代替者;替补(运动员);
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| We also have a classroom hives project, where -- this is a nonprofit venture -- we're spreading the word around the world for how honeybee hives can be taken into the classroom or into the museum setting, behind glass, and used as an educational tool. |
我们同时有一个教室蜂箱计划 这是一个非营利计划 我们正在全世界推广 如何把蜜蜂带入教室 |
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nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的; venture:v.敢于;冒险;投机;n.企业;风险;冒险; educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
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| This hive that you see here has been in Fenway High School for many years now. |
这个蜂巢已经在Fenway High School许多年了 这个蜂巢已经在Fenway High School许多年了 |
| The bees fly right into the outfield of Fenway Park. |
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outfield:n.外场;边境;偏远的田园;
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| Nobody notices it. If you're not a flower, these bees do not care about you. (Laughter) |
蜜蜂才不管你呢 (笑声) |
| They don't. They don't. They'll say, "S'cuse me, flying around." (Laughter) |
他们真的不会。他们会说 |
| Some other images here in telling a part of the story that really made urban beekeeping terrific is in New York City, beekeeping was illegal until 2010. |
这些其它的图片阐述的故事 可让我们真正体会都市养蜂的好处 |
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illegal:adj.不合法的;非法的;n.非法移民;非法劳工;
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| That's a big problem, because what's going to pollinate all of the gardens and the produce locally? Hands? |
要用什么传粉?难道用手吗? |
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pollinate:vt.对...授粉;
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| I mean, locally in Boston, there is a terrific company called Green City Growers , and they are going and pollinating their squash crops by hand with Q-Tips , and if they miss that three day window, there's no fruit. |
叫作Green City Growers,而他们到处 靠人力用棉花棒替他们的瓜类作物手工传粉 |
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Growers:雏; pollinating:vt.对...授粉; squash:v.镇压;使沉默;受挤压;挤入;n.壁球;挤压;咯吱声;南瓜属植物;(英)果汁饮料; Q-Tips:n.棉花棒;棉签;
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| Their clients aren't happy, and people go hungry. |
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clients:n.委托人;当事人;客户机;(client的复数)
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| So this is important. |
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| We have also some images of honey from Brooklyn. |
这里还有一些从布鲁克林产的蜂蜜 |
| Now, this was a mystery in the New York Times where the honey was very red, and the |
这曾是在纽约时报风云一阵子的谜题 |
| New York State forensics department came in and they actually did some science to match the red dye with that found in a maraschino cherry factory down the street. (Laughter) |
结果纽约州司法实验室派人调查 然后还真的调查出原来那颜色 |
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forensics:n.辩论术;辩论练习; dye:n.染料;染液;v.染;给…染色; maraschino:n.黑樱桃酒; cherry:adj.上品;卓越的;樱桃色的;n.樱桃;樱桃树;樱桃色;
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| So you can tailor your honey to taste however you want by planting bee-friendly flowers. |
所以你可以种各种不同适合蜂蜜的植物 来创造出你理想的蜂蜜风味 |
| Paris has been a terrific model for urban beekeeping. |
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| They've had hives on the rooftop of their opera house for many years now, and that's what really got people started, thinking, "Wow, we can do this, and we should do this." |
哇,我们真的做得到,而且这是我们应该做的 |
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opera house:n.歌剧院;
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| Also in London, and in Europe across the board , they're very advanced in their use of green rooftops and integrating beehives, and I'll show you an ending note here. |
非常广泛使用绿屋顶 |
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across the board:全面地,整体地; advanced:adj.先进的; v.前进; (advance的过去式和过去分词形式) integrating:v.(使)合并,成为一体;(使)加入,融入群体;(integrate的现在分词)
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| I would like to encourage you to open your mind. |
我想鼓励你们敞开心胸 |
| What can you do to save the bees or to help them or to think of sustainable cities in the future? |
想想你能够做什么来拯救并帮助蜜蜂 或想想如何创造可持续发展的城市? |
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sustainable:adj.可以忍受的;足可支撑的;养得起的;可持续的;
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| Well, really, just change your perspective. |
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| Try to understand that bees are very important. |
了解蜜蜂其实是非常重要的 |
| A bee isn't going to sting you if you see it. |
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sting:v.刺;蜇;叮;(使)感觉刺痛;n.刺;刺伤;蜇伤;刺毛;
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| The bee dies. Honeybees die when they sting, so they don't want to do it either. (Laughter) |
其实,蜜蜂螫你他会死 所以他们也不愿意啊 (笑声) |
| It's nothing to panic about. They're all over the city. |
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panic:adj.恐慌的;n.惊恐;恐慌;惶恐不安;v.惊慌失措;
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| You could even get your own hive if you want. |
你想要的话,你也能拥有一个蜂巢 |
| There are great resources available, and there are even companies that will help get you set up and mentor you and it's important for our educational system in the world for students to learn about agriculture worldwide such as this little girl, who, again, is not even getting stung. |
有许多很棒的资源来帮助你 甚至还有专业公司帮你起步并提供教学服务 就像是这位小女孩,看,她根本没被螫到 |
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resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); mentor:n.指导者,良师益友;vt.指导; worldwide:adj.全世界的;adv.在世界各地;
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| Thank you. (Applause) |
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