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NicolaJones_2019T-_海洋充满噪音的危害——以及我们该如何还海洋安宁_-
This is the sound of orcas off the coast of Vancouver . 这是虎鲸的声音, 来自温哥华的海岸。
orcas:n.逆戟鲸;兽人(orca的复数); Vancouver:n.温哥华(加拿大主要港市);
(Whale chirps and squeaks) （虎鲸发出的声音）
chirps:n.啾啾;
They make these fantastic sounds not just to communicate, but also sometimes to echolocate , to find their way around and to find food. 它们发出这些奇妙的声音 不只是为了交流, 有时也是为了利用回声定位, 帮助它们寻找方向和食物。
fantastic:奇异的,空想的 echolocate:vt.凭回声测定…的方向或位置;vi.用回音测定方向或距离;
But that can be tricky sometimes, because, well, here is the sound of a ship passing by, recorded underwater . 但这有时候没那么简单, 因为,你听,这是在水下记录 一艘船驶过的声音。
tricky:adj.难办的;难对付的;狡猾的;诡计多端的; underwater:adj.在水中的;水面下的;adv.在水下;n.水下;
(Screeching oscillating sound) （尖锐震动的声音）
oscillating:adj.[物]振荡的;
You know, when we think about marine pollution, 提到海洋污染时,
marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵;
I think we usually think about plastics. 我们通常想到的是塑料,
Maybe toxic chemicals , or even ocean acidification from climate change. 可能是有毒化学物质, 或甚至是由气候变化导致的海洋酸化。
toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; chemicals:n.化学制品;化学品;(chemical的复数) acidification:n.[化学]酸化;成酸性;使…发酸;
As a science journalist who often writes about environmental issues , those are the things that have passed my desk over the past 10 years or so. 作为一名经常撰写 有关环境问题的科学记者, 这些都是过去 10 多年间 出现在我书桌上的话题。
journalist:n.新闻工作者;报人;记日志者; issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
But as I recently realized when I was writing a feature for the science journal "Nature," 然而最近, 我为《自然》科学杂志撰稿时,
recently:adv.最近;新近;
noise is another important kind of pollution. 才了解到噪声其实是 另一种非常重要的
One that often gets ignored . 且经常被忽视的污染种类。
ignored:v.忽视;对…不予理会;佯装未见;不予理睬;(ignore的过去分词和过去式)
You know, maybe you've heard of the dark-skies movement, which aimed to raise awareness of the issue of light pollution and create pockets of unilluminated night, so that people and animals could enjoy more natural cycles of light and dark, night and day. 你可能也听说过“黑夜运动” （Dark-skies Movement）, 该运动旨在提高 人们对于光污染问题的意识, 并且创造出不同范围的无照明之夜, 让人类和动物 更能享受光与暗、 昼与夜的自然周期。
awareness:n.意识,认识;明白,知道; light pollution:n.光污染(人工照明造成);
Well, in much the same way, there are people now raising awareness of the issue of noise pollution and trying to create pockets of quiet in the ocean, so that marine life can enjoy a more natural soundscape . 现在也有人用差不多的方法 提高人们 对于噪声污染的意识 并且尝试在大海里创造出些许宁静, 让那些海洋生物 能够享受更自然的声景。
soundscape:n.音景;音响范围;
This is important. 这很重要。
Noise isn't just an irritation . 噪声不仅是一种烦扰,
irritation:n.刺激;激怒,恼怒,生气;兴奋;令人恼火的事;
It can cause chronic stress, or even physical injury . 噪声可以造成慢性压力, 或甚至实体伤害。
chronic:adj.慢性的;长期的;习惯性的; physical:adj.[物]物理的;身体的;物质的;符合自然法则的;n.体格检查; injury:n.伤害,损害;受伤处;
It can affect marine life's ability to find food and mates and to listen out for predators and more. 噪声也可以影响海洋生物 寻找食物和配偶, 以及发现掠夺者之类的能力等等。
mates:n.朋友; v.交配; predators:n.捕食性动物;实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);掠夺者;(predator的复数)
Think of all the sounds we inject into the ocean. 想想我们注入海里的所有声音。
inject:v.注入;注射;
Perhaps one of the most dramatic is the seismic surveys used to look for oil and gas. 可能最具戏剧性之一的是 用来寻找石油和天然气的 地震勘探。
dramatic:adj.突然的;巨大的;令人吃惊的;激动人心的; seismic:adj.地震的;因地震而引起的; surveys:n.调查(survey的复数);
Air guns produce loud blasts , sometimes every 10 to 15 seconds, for months on end. 气枪产生的巨大声响 有时每隔 10 - 15 秒响一次, 持续数月才会停止。
blasts:[力]爆炸;一阵;
And they use the reflections of these sounds to map the ground beneath . 人们用这些声音的回响 来绘制海底下方的地图。
reflections:n.映像;(声、光、热等的)反射;反映;显示;表达;(reflection的复数) beneath:prep.在…之下;adv.在下方;
It can sound like this. 声音听起来像这样。
(Explosion sounds) （爆破声）
Then, there's the sound of the actual drilling for oil and gas, the construction of things like offshore wind farms, sonar and of course, the nearly constant drone from more than 50,000 ships in the global merchant fleet . 之后,还有实际动工 开采石油和天然气的声音, 离岸建造风力发电场的声音, 声纳, 当然还有来自全球 超过五万商业船队派出的 几乎不断的嗡嗡的声音。
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; offshore:adj.离岸的;[海洋]近海的;吹向海面的;adv.向海面,向海; sonar:n.声纳;声波定位仪(等于asdic); drone:n.嗡嗡声;持续低音;寄生虫;无人驾驶飞机;v.懒洋洋地说;嗡嗡响 global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; merchant:n.商人;批发商;(尤指)进出口批发商;(某活动的)爱好者;adj.海上货运的; fleet:n.舰队; v.浅; v.掠过; adj.跑得快的;
Now the natural ocean itself isn't exactly quiet. 自然界的海洋本身并不安静,
If you put your head under the water, you can hear cracking ice, wind, rain, singing whales, grunting fish, even snapping shrimp . 如果你把头埋入水中, 你可以听到冰裂声、风声、雨声、 鲸鱼歌唱、鱼儿咕噜吐泡, 甚至是蟹虾夹钳的声音。
cracking:n.破裂;开裂;adj.裂解的;分裂的; grunting:v.发出呼噜声;发出哼声;咕哝;(grunt的现在分词) snapping:v.断裂,绷断;打开,关上,移到某位置;(snap的现在分词) shrimp:n.虾;小虾;矮小的人;vi.捕虾;adj.有虾的;虾制的;
Altogether, that can create a soundscape of maybe 50 to 100 decibels , depending on where and when you are. 根据你所在的时间和地点而不同, 所有这些声音加起来, 可以产生大概 50 - 100 分贝的声景。
decibels:n.[声]分贝(声音强度单位,decibel的复数);
But mankind's addition to that has been dramatic. 但是人类对此声景 造成的额外影响十分巨大。
addition:n.添加;[数]加法;增加物;
It's estimated that shipping has added three decibels of noise to the ocean every 10 years in recent decades. 据估计,在最近几十年中, 船舶运输业每 10 年 为海洋增加了 3 分贝的噪音。
estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
That might not sound like a lot, but decibels are on a logarithmic scale, like the Richter scale for earthquakes. 这听起来可能不多, 但是分贝是一个经过对数处理的单位, 类似于地震单位里氏。
logarithmic:adj.对数的; Richter scale:n.里克特震级(测量地震强度的标准);
So a small number can actually represent a large change. 所以一个小数字实际意味着巨大改变。
represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送;
Three decibels means a doubling of noise intensity in the ocean. 3 分贝意味着海洋中噪声强度的加倍。
intensity:n.强度;强烈;[电子]亮度;紧张;
A doubling. 加倍。
And that's only an estimate, because no one is actually keeping track of how noisy the ocean is all around the world. 而这还只是一个估测, 因为没人能实时追踪世界范围海洋的 噪音到底有多大。
track:n.小道;足迹;车辙;轨道;v.追踪;跟踪;
There is a body called the International Quiet Ocean Experiment, and one of their missions is to try and plug the hole in that data. 有一个组织叫国际安静海洋实验项目, 他们其中的一项任务 就是尝试并填补数据漏洞。
missions:n.任务; v.给…交代任务; (mission的复数) plug:n.插头;塞子;栓;v.塞住;用插头将与电源接通;
So for example, last year, they managed to convince the Global Ocean Observation System to start including noise as one of their essential variables for monitoring, alongside things like temperature and salinity . 比如去年, 他们设法说服全球海洋观测系统 开始把噪音指标, 与其他被检测的变量, 如温度和盐度等, 纳入监控的重要指标之一。
convince:v.使确信;使相信;说服,劝说; Observation:n.观察;观测;监视;(尤指据所见、所闻、所读而作的)评论; essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的; variables:n.[数]变量; salinity:n.盐度;盐分;盐性;
We do know some things. 我们确实知道一些东西。
We know that sonar can be as loud, or nearly as loud, as an underwater volcano . 我们知道声纳近乎可以堪比 海底火山的声音。
volcano:n.火山;
A supertanker can be as loud as the call of a blue whale . 一艘超级油轮可以 与蓝鲸的叫声相提并论。
supertanker:n.巨大油轮;[船]超大型油轮; blue whale:n.[动]蓝鲸;
The noises we add to the ocean come in all different frequencies and can travel great distances. 我们向海洋中增加的噪音 来自不同的频率, 也能传播很远的距离。
frequencies:n.频率;发生率;重复率;频繁;(frequency的复数)
Seismic surveys off the East Coast of the United States can be heard in the middle of the Atlantic . 美国东海岸的地震勘探 在大西洋中部依旧可以被听见。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) Atlantic:adj.大西洋的;巨人阿特拉斯的;n.大西洋;
In the 1960s, they did an experiment where they set off a loud noise off the coast of Perth, Australia, and they detected it as far away as Bermuda , 20,000 kilometers away. 在 1960 年代,有人做了一项实验: 他们在澳大利亚珀斯海湾外 制造一声巨响, 远至百慕大他们依旧可以检测到该巨响, 那是两万公里外的地方。
detected:v.发现;查明;侦察出;(detect的过去分词和过去式) Bermuda:n.百慕大群岛(北大西洋西部群岛);
So what does all this sound like to marine life, what do they hear? 那么这声响对于海洋生物来说如何？ 它们会听到什么？
It's kind of difficult to describe . 这很难形容。
describe:v.描述;形容;把…称为;画出…图形;
Sound travels further, faster in water than it does in air, and it also packs a different punch . 相比空气,声音在水中 传播得更快、更远, 而且它们所蕴含的能量也不同。
punch:n.冲床; v.拳打; (用打孔器等)打孔;
So sound of the same pressure will have a different intensity whether you measure it in the air or underwater. 不论你在空气中 还是在水下测量噪声, 同样压力下的噪声有着不同的强度。
Then there's the fact that whales don't have ears exactly like human ears. 有那么一个事实—— 鲸鱼没有类似人类的耳朵,
Creatures like zooplankton don't even have what you would consider to be ears. 如浮游生物等生物, 甚至没有所谓你认为是耳朵的结构。
Creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数) zooplankton:n.浮游动物;
So what does this mean, what is the impact on all this marine life? 所以这意味着什么？ 噪音对所有这些 海洋生物的影响又如何？
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响;
Perhaps the easiest thing for scientists to assess is the effect of acute noise, really loud sudden blasts that might cause physical injury or hearing loss. 对科学家来说, 可能最容易评估的指标 就是尖锐噪音的影响, 即可能造成物理伤害或听力损伤的 非常响亮且突然的巨响。
assess:vt.评定;估价;对…征税; acute:adj.严重的,[医]急性的;敏锐的;激烈的;尖声的;
Beaked whales, for example, can go into panicked dives when exposed to loud noises, which may even give them a condition similar to the bends. 比如喙鲸,暴露于巨响的噪音时, 会惊慌失措地猛然下潜, 因此它们甚至要承受一种 类似于浅水减压病的身体状况。
Beaked:adj.有喙的; panicked:v.(使)惊慌,惊慌失措;(panic的过去分词和过去式) dives:n.富豪; exposed:adj.无遮蔽的; v.暴露; (expose的过去分词和过去式)
In the 1960s, after the introduction of more powerful sonar technologies , the number of incidents of mass whale strandings of beaked whales went up dramatically . 在 1960 年代, 在更加强劲的声纳技术问世后, 大规模鲸鱼搁浅事件发生的数量 急剧上升。
technologies:n.技术;科技(technology的复数); mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集; dramatically:adv.戏剧地;引人注目地;adv.显著地,剧烈地;
And it's not just marine mammals , fish, if they stray too close to the source of a loud sound, their fish bladders may actually explode . 这不仅仅是海洋哺乳动物, 还有鱼类,如果它们 距离高分贝声源太近, 它们的鱼囊可能会爆炸。
mammals:n.哺乳动物;(mammal的复数) stray:v.迷路; adj.走失的; n.走失的宠物(或家畜); source:n.来源;水源;原始资料; bladders:n.膀胱;皮囊,气囊(如球胆);(bladder的复数) explode:v.爆炸;爆裂;勃然(大怒);突然发生(危险);
The airgun blasts from seismic surveys can mow down a swath of zooplankton, the tiny creatures near the base of the food chain , or can deform scallop larvae while they're developing. 地震勘探的气枪爆破 可以杀死一片浮游生物, 它们是接近于食物链底端的微生物, 或是导致发育中的扇贝幼虫畸形。
airgun:n.气枪; mow down:v.杀死;扫杀; swath:n.细长的列;收割的刈痕;收割的宽度; food chain:n.食物链; deform:vt.使变形;使成畸形;vi.变形;变畸形;adj.畸形的;丑陋的; scallop:扇贝; larvae:n.幼虫;幼体(larva的复数形式);
Well, what about chronic noise, the more pervasive issue of raising background noise from things like shipping? 那么,长期的噪音又如何呢？ 例如,运输等 发出的背景噪音越来越大 所引起的更普遍的问题。
pervasive:adj.普遍的;到处渗透的;流行的;
That can mask or drown out the natural soundscape. 长期噪音有可能会把 大自然的声景覆盖或淹没。
drown:v.淹没;溺死;浸透;浸泡;
Some whales have responded to this by literally changing their tune , a little bit like people shouting to be heard in a noisy nightclub . 有些鲸鱼也因此改变了它们的声调, 有点像人们在吵闹的夜店 为了别人能听到自己,相互喊叫。
responded:v.回答,回应;作出反应;响应;反应灵敏;(respond的过去式和过去分词) literally:adv.按字面:字面上:确实地: tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐; nightclub:n.夜总会;vi.去夜总会;
And some fish will spend more time patrolling their borders and less time caring for their young, as if they're on high alert . 有些鱼会花更长的时间在边境巡逻, 而更少的时间照顾它们的孩子, 好像它们正处于高度戒备状态。
patrolling:v.巡逻;(在街上)巡游;侦察(patrol的现在分词) alert:n.警报; adj.警觉的; v.向…报警;
Chronic noise can affect people too, of course. 长期噪音当然 也可以对人类造成影响。
Studies have shown that people living near busy airports or really busy highways may have elevated levels of cardiovascular disease . 研究表明,居住在繁忙机场 或是高速公路周边的人们, 可能有更高的可能性 患有心血管疾病。
airports:n.[航]机场;[航]航空港(airport的复数形式); elevated:adj.提高的;高尚的;欢欣的;v.提高;振奋;提拔;(elevate的过去分词和过去式) cardiovascular:adj.[解剖]心血管的; disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
And students living under busy flight paths may do worse on some educational tests. 居住在飞行航道下方的学生 可能有着较差的教育学术表现。
educational:adj.教育的;有关教育的;有教育意义的
And even while I was researching this subject, they were actually blasting out about three meters of solid granite from the lot across from my home office to make room for a new house, and the constant jittering of the rock hammer was driving me completely insane . 甚至在我针对这个课题进行研究时, 在我家庭办公室对面的工地, 有人为了腾出空间盖新房子, 正爆破三米厚的实心花岗岩, 不停晃动下砸的石锤 把我搞得完全抓狂。
blasting:v.(用炸药)炸毁,把…炸成碎片;严厉批评;(blast的现在分词) granite:n.花岗岩;坚毅;冷酷无情; home office:n.(英国)内政部; make room for:让出地方给…,为…腾出空位; jittering:v.紧张不安;颤抖;n.极度的紧张不安;(jitter的现在分词) hammer:n.锤子; v.锤打; insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的;
And whenever the workers stopped for a moment, 只要工人停下施工一小会儿,
I could feel my shoulders relax . 我就会觉得如释重负。
relax:v.放松,休息;松懈,松弛;变从容;休养;
This effect has been seen in whales, too. 这一影响也被发现于鲸鱼中。
After the terrorist attacks of 9/11, international shipping largely ground to a halt for a little while in the waters off the East Coast of the United States. 在 911 恐怖袭击发生后, 美国东海岸大部分的国际运输 停滞了一段时间。
largely:adv.主要地;大部分;大量地; halt:v.停止;立定;踌躇,犹豫;n.停止;立定;休息;
And in that lull , researchers noticed that endangered right whales in that region had fewer chemical markers of stress in their feces samples. 在那段时间, 研究人员发现 那片海域濒危灭绝的露脊鲸 粪便样本中的压力化学指标有所降低。
lull:vt.使平静;使安静;哄骗;vi.平息;减弱;停止;n.间歇;暂停;暂时平静; endangered:v.使遭危险;危及;危害;(endanger的过去分词和过去式) region:n.地区;范围;部位; markers:n.(表示方位的)标记,记号;标识;表示;记号笔;(marker的复数) feces:n.排泄物;渣滓;
As one researcher I spoke to likes to say, "We were stressed, but the whales weren't." 就像我曾交流过的 一位研究人员喜欢说的那样: “我们紧张得不行, 但鲸鱼们却压力释放了。”
Now you have to remember, we have evolved to be a visual species . 现在你要记住, 我们已经进化为拥有视觉的物种。
evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) visual:adj.视觉的,视力的;栩栩如生的; species:n.[生物]物种;种类;
We really rely on our eyes. 我们非常依赖我们的眼睛。
rely:vi.依靠;信赖;
But marine life relies on sound the way that we rely on sight. 但是海洋生物对于声音的依赖 如同我们对视觉的依赖。
relies:信任;
For them, a noisy ocean may be as befuddling and even dangerous as a dense fog is for us. 对它们来说,喧闹的海洋 可能就如同浓雾之于我们一样, 令人迷惑,且甚至危险。
befuddling:v.令人困惑;使烂醉;(befuddle的现在分词) dense:adj.稠密的;浓厚的;愚钝的;
And maybe sometimes that just means being a little more stressed, maybe sometimes it means spending a little less time with the kids. 可能有时候这只是 意味着多一些的压力, 也许有时候这意味着 少花一点时间陪伴孩子。
Maybe some species can adapt . 或者一些物种能够适应环境。
adapt:vt.使适应;改编;vi.适应;
But some researchers worry that for endangered species already on the brink , noise may be enough to push them over the edge. 但一些研究人员担心那些濒危物种 已经处于危险边缘, 光光噪音,可能已足够 将它们推向悬崖边缘。
brink:n.(峭壁的)边缘;
So take, for example, the southern resident killer whales that live in the waters off my hometown of Vancouver. 比如在我家乡温哥华附近 海域生活的南方虎鲸。
resident:adj.居住的;住院医师;定居的;n.居民;
There are only 75, maybe 76, animals left in this population. 现在它们的种群数量 大概只剩下 75 ,可能 76 头。
And they're facing a lot of challenges. 而且它们正面临很多挑战。
There are chemical pollutants in these waters, and they are running low on the salmon that they really rely on for food. 它们生活的水域充斥着化学污染, 它们赖以生存的食物, 鲑鱼,也数量不足,
pollutants:n.[环境]污染物(pollutant的复数); salmon:n.鲑鱼;大马哈鱼;鲑肉色;鲑鱼肉;橙红色,粉橙色;adj.浅澄色的;
And then there's noise. 再加上现在的噪音。
When researchers studied these and similar killer whales, they found that they spend between 18 and 25 percent less time feeding in the presence of loud boat noise. 当研究人员研究这些 以及其它类似的虎鲸时, 他们发现在船声很大的情况下, 虎鲸进食时间缩短了 18 - 25%。
in the presence of:在…面前;有某人在场;
And that's a lot for a species that's already struggling to find enough food to thrive . 这对于已经难以找到 足够食物的虎鲸来说, 更是雪上加霜。
thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达;
The good news, as I heard from all the researchers I spoke to, is that you can do something relatively easily about ocean noise. 好消息是,所有我 交谈过的研究人员都说, 针对海洋噪音你可以实行 一些相对简单的举措。
relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地;
Unlike the wicked problems of climate change and ocean acidification, you can just dial down the knob on ocean noise and see almost immediate impacts . 不像是气候变化和海洋酸化 这些灾害性的话题, 你只要把海洋噪音降低, 几乎可以立杆见影。
wicked:adj.邪恶的;缺德的;调皮的;n.恶人;邪恶的人; knob:n.把手;瘤;球形突出物;vi.鼓起;vt.使有球形突出物; impacts:n.影响; v.有影响,有作用;
So for example, in 2017, the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority started asking ships to simply slow down when going through the Haro Strait , where the southern resident killer whales are feeding in late summer. 例如在 2017 年, 温哥华菲沙港口局 开始建议即将要通过哈罗海峡的 船只减速行驶。 那里是南方虎鲸在夏末捕食进食的地方。
Authority:n.权威;权力;当局; Strait:adj.狭窄的;苦恼的;n.海峡;困境;
Slower ships are quieter ships. 船只减速之后,噪音也会降低,
And because it's Canada, you can just ask, it can be voluntary . 而且因为那是加拿大, 用告知的方式即可, 告知也属于自愿性质。
voluntary:adj.自愿的;志愿的;自发的;故意的;n.志愿者;自愿行动;
(Laughter) （笑声）
(Applause) （掌声）
In that 2017 trial, most of the ships complied , adding about half an hour to their travel time, and reducing noise by about 1.2 decibels or 24 percent of noise intensity. 在 2017 年的政策试点下, 大部分船只都采纳了这一建议, 旅行时间增加了半小时, 噪音降低了 1.2 分贝, 或是 24% 噪声强度。
complied:v.遵照(comply的过去式和过去分词);
This year, they decided to extend the length of time and the area over which they're asking ships to slow down. 今年,他们决定增加 船只减速行驶的时间 和扩大船只减速行驶的海域范围。
extend:vt.延伸; vi.延伸;
So hopefully that has a positive impact for these whales. 所以希望这一举措 对那些鲸鱼们有积极的影响。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
In 2017, the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority also introduced discounts in docking fees for ships that are physically designed to be quieter. 在 2017 年,温哥华菲沙港口局 为物理设计能让航行更加安静的船只 给予折扣码头停泊费。
discounts:n.优惠,折价; v.打折扣(discount的三单形式); docking:v.(使船)进港,停靠码头;对接;扣除;(dock的现在分词)
You know, weirdly , a lot of the noise from a ship like this comes from the popping of tiny bubbles off the back of its propeller . 奇怪的是,这种船发出的很多噪音 都是从螺旋桨后打出的气泡造成的。
weirdly:adv.古怪地; bubbles:n.泡; v.起泡; (bubble的第三人称单数和复数) propeller:n.[航][船]螺旋桨;推进器;
And you can simply design a ship to do less of that and to be quieter. 而且你能很轻而易举地设计出 一艘螺旋桨不会制造如此多气泡的 相较安静的船。
The International Maritime Organization has published a huge list of ways that boats can be made quieter. 国际海事组织 发布了一张大表,上面列举了 各种可以让船只减少制造噪音的方式。
Maritime:adj.海的;海事的;沿海的;海员的; Organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体;
And they also have a target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from global shipping by 50 percent by 2050. 他们也有另一个目标: 在 2050 年, 全球运输业的二氧化碳排放量 能减少 50% 。
carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
And the great news is that these two things go hand in hand . 很棒的一个消息是 这两件事情可以并肩同行。
hand in hand:adj.并进的;手拉手的;亲密的;
On the whole , a more efficient ship is a quieter ship. 整体上来说,更高效的船只 也是更安静的船只。
On the whole:基本上,大体上;就全体而论; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
People have also invented quieter ways of hammering in the giant posts needed for giant wind turbines , like this one, and gentler ways of doing seismic surveys. 人们也已经发明了更加安静的方式 来敲击巨型风力涡轮机 所需的巨型支柱,像这样的, 而且更加温和的方式进行地震勘探。
hammering:n.锤击;锤打;抨击;v.锤击;敲打;(hammer的现在分词) giant:n.巨人;伟人;巨兽;adj.巨大的;特大的 turbines:n.[动力]涡轮;[动力]涡轮机(turbine的复数);[动力]汽轮机;
And there are some incentives for using quieter technologies. 也有很多奖励机制, 鼓励使用较为安静的技术。
incentives:n.激励;奖励;诱因(incentive的复数形式);奖励措施;
The European Union , for example, has a healthy marine system directive for 2020. 比如欧盟, 出台了 2020 年 健康海洋系统战略指令。
European Union:n.欧洲联盟; directive:n.指示;指令;adj.指导的;管理的;
And one of the ways that they define a healthy marine system is by how much noise is going in those waters. 他们对一个健康海洋系统 其中一个定义是 有多少噪音进入到那些水域中。
define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
But on the whole, most waters remain completely unregulated when it comes to ocean noise. 但总体来说,大多数水域 还依旧没有受到海洋噪音的管控。
unregulated:adj.未经调节的;[仪]未校准的;
But again, most of the scientists I spoke to said that there's real momentum right now in policy circles to pay attention to this issue and maybe do something about this issue. 可再次,我交谈过的大部分科学家说, 政策制定者们现在已经行动起来 开始关心这个问题了, 甚至可能为此进行一些努力。
momentum:n.势头;[物]动量;动力;冲力; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单; pay attention to:注意
We already know enough to say that quieter seas are healthier seas. 我们已经足够了解可以说, 更安静的也是更健康的海洋。
But now scientists are really scrambling to come up with the details. 但现在科学家们正在钻研细节。
scrambling:v.爬,攀登;争抢;抢占;争夺;艰难地(或仓促地)完成(scramble的现在分词) come up with:提出;想出;赶上;
Just how quiet do we need to be? 我们到底需要有多安静？
And where are the best places to make quiet or preserve quiet? 哪些水域是最佳的降低噪音 或是保持安静的地点？
preserve:vt.保存;保护;维持;腌;禁猎;n.保护区;禁猎地;加工成的食品;
And how best can we hush our noise? 我们应该用什么最佳方式来压低噪音？
hush:v.安静;别说话;别叫喊;使安静下来;n.寂静;鸦雀无声;
And you know, I'm not trying to tell you that noise is the biggest environmental problem on the planet or even in the ocean. 你知道,我不是尝试在告诉你 噪音是我们地球或甚至是海洋中 最大的环境问题。
But the point is that humankind has a lot of impacts on our environmental system. 但重点是,人类对我们的生态环境系统 有着巨大的影响。
humankind:n.人类(总称);
And these impacts don't act in isolation. 这些影响并非单独作用,
They act together, and they multiply . 而是共同作用,它们会有成倍效应。
multiply:vt.乘; vi.乘; v.多样地; adj.多层的;
So even for the ones that are not so obvious , we really need to pay attention to them. 所以即使是不怎么明显的影响, 我们也需要注意。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
I'll tell you about one last experiment, just because it's so beautiful. 我会再给你们讲最后一个实验, 因为它真的太美好了。
So Rob Williams, one of the researchers who works on southern resident killer whales, also does some work in Bali. 罗伯 · 威廉姆斯（Rob Williams）, 研究南方虎鲸的其中一名研究人员, 他也在巴厘岛做了一些工作。
And there, they celebrate a Hindu tradition called nyepi, or a day of silence. 在那里,他们庆祝 一个印度教的节日 叫安宁日（Nyepi),或是宁静日。
Hindu:adj.印度的;印度教的;n.印度人;印度教教徒;
And this day, apparently , is very strictly observed . 这天,显然, 一切都被非常严格的遵守。
apparently:adv.显然地;似乎,表面上; observed:adj.观察的;观测的;v.观察;遵守;注意到(observe的过去分词形式);
No planes take off from the airport, no boats go out fishing, the tourists are gently led off the beach back into their hotel rooms. 没有飞机从机场起飞, 没有渔船出海打鱼, 沙滩上的游客们被缓慢地 带回自己的酒店房间。
gently:adv.轻轻地;温柔地;温和地;
And Rob Williams put some hydrophones in the water there to see what the impact was, and it was dramatic. 之后罗伯 · 威廉姆斯 把水听器放进海里 看其影响如何, 结果发现影响巨大。
hydrophones:n.水诊器;检漏器;水中听音器;
Sound levels dropped by six to nine decibels, about the same as in the waters after 9/11. 海洋声音水平降低了 6 - 9 分贝, 和 911 事件后的海洋声音水平差不多。
For an " acoustic prospector " like Williams, which is what he calls himself, this silence is golden . 威廉姆斯自称为“声音勘探者”, 对他来说, 这种寂静如金子般珍贵。
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; prospector:n.探勘者;采矿者; silence is golden:沉默是金;沈默是金;雄辩是银,沉默是金;
Now he and other researchers can go back to this place and see what the fish choose to do with all this additional acoustic real estate . 现在,他和其他的研究人员 可以回到这个地方 看看鱼类们会在这额外的 安宁日选择做些什么。
additional:adj.附加的,额外的; real estate:n.房地产;不动产;
(Soft bubbling) （轻轻吐泡声）
I like to think of them having their own holiday, feasting and finding mates. 我会想象鱼儿有了自己的假期, 可以大吃大喝并寻找伴侣。
feasting:v.尽情享用(美味佳肴);(feast的现在分词)
Celebrating their own spot of calm in an otherwise noisy world. 庆祝着在喧闹世界中, 属于自己的一方宁静天地。
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）