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NickHanauer_2014S-_致超级富豪们：看哪！铁耙子即将朝我们而来_
You probably don't know me, but I am one of those .01 percenters that you hear about and read about, and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat . 你们大概不知道我是谁。 我就是你们听过,或者读过的, 那百分之零点一的族群之一。 都有大规模的投资,专门针对中产阶级的需要,
percenters:(与基数词连用)百分之…的事物;百分之…的可能性;有百分之…可能的局面; reasonable:adj.合理的,公道的;通情达理的; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; plutocrat:n.财阀;富豪;
And tonight, what I would like to do is speak directly to other plutocrats , to my people, because it feels like it's time for us all to have a chat. 而今晚,我要与其他像我这样的超级富豪, 直接对话。 因为我真的觉得, 该是我们好好聊一聊的时候了。
directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; plutocrats:n.富豪;财阀政治(plutocrat的复数形式);
Like most plutocrats, I too am a proud and unapologetic capitalist . 就像大多数的超级富豪,我也是个骄傲、 并且理直气壮的资本主义者。
unapologetic:不愿道歉的;不认错的; capitalist:n.资本家;资本主义者;adj.资本主义的;资本家的;
I have founded, cofounded or funded over 30 companies across a range of industries. 我创立、与人合资或者投入资助的公司, 超过三十个以上,并且横跨各种产業。
funded:adj.提供资金的;v.提供资金;积存;提供资金偿付的本息;(fund的过去式);
I cofounded a company called aQuantive that we sold to Microsoft for 6.4 billion dollars. 我投资成立了一家公司叫 aQuantive, 以64亿美金被微软收购。
My friends and I, we own a bank. 我和我的朋友们还拥有一个银行,
unbelievable , right? 不可思议,对吧？
unbelievable:adj.(非正式)难以置信的;不可信的
I tell you this to show that my life is like most plutocrats. 我之所以告诉你这些, 是为了表达,我的生活就跟大多超级富豪一样。
I have a broad perspective on capitalism and business, and I have been rewarded obscenely for that with a life that most of you all can't even imagine: multiple homes, a yacht , my own plane, etc., etc., etc. 对于资本主要和商業行为, 我有深广的看法, 也因此我在财务上有巨大的收获。 过着你们无法想像的、 奢华的生活。 我拥有多栋房产、一台游艇、私人飞机, 等等等等。
perspective:n.观点;远景;透视图;adj.透视的; capitalism:n.资本主义; rewarded:v.奖励;奖赏;给以报酬;(reward的过去分词和过去式) obscenely:adv.下流地;淫秽地; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; yacht:游艇;帆船;v.乘快艇;
But let's be honest: I am not the smartest person you've ever met. 但是老实说,我不是你见过最聪明的人,
I am certainly not the hardest working. 也绝对不是最努力的人。
I was a mediocre student. 学生时代我的成绩中等;
mediocre:adj.普通的;平凡的;中等的;
I'm not technical at all. 关于技术方面我不是专家;
technical:adj.工艺的,科技的;技术上的;专门的;
I can't write a word of code. 我也不会写程式;
Truly, my success is the consequence of spectacular luck, of birth, of circumstance and of timing. 说真的,我的成功来自于 天大的运气, 在天时、地利、人合上的运气。
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论; spectacular:adj.壮观的;壮丽的;令人惊叹的;n.壮观的场面;精彩的表演; circumstance:n.环境,情况;事件;境遇;
But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things. 不过有几件事情我的确挺在行的。
One, I have an unusually high tolerance for risk, and the other is I have a good sense , a good intuition about what will happen in the future, and I think that that intuition about the future is the essence of good entrepreneurship . 第一,对于风险我有异于常人的容忍度。 第二就是我很有“sense”。 这是一种对于未来的直觉。 而且我认为这种对于未来的直觉, 是成功创業的精随。
unusually:adv.非常;异乎寻常地;显著地; tolerance:n.公差;耐量;宽容;容忍; good sense:n.正确的决策力(或判断力);理智; intuition:n.直觉;直觉力;直觉的知识; essence:n.本质;实质;精髓;香精; entrepreneurship:n.企业家精神;
So what do I see in our future today, you ask? 所以,对于现今的未来,你问: 我看见甚么？
I see pitchforks , as in angry mobs with pitchforks , because while people like us plutocrats are living beyond the dreams of avarice , the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens are falling farther and farther behind. 我看见了铁耙子, 暴怒的群众手中的铁耙子。 因为正当我们这些超级富豪, 过着超越想像的奢华生活的同时, 其他 99% 的同胞们, 生活品质不断、不断的在衰落。
pitchforks:n.干草叉;长柄草耙;音叉;vt.骤然把…塞进;骤然把…抛入; mobs:n.人群; v.(鸟群或兽群)围攻; (mob的第三人称单数和复数) avarice:n.贪婪,贪财;
In 1980, the top one percent of Americans shared about eight percent of national [income], while the bottom 50 percent of Americans shared 18 percent. 在一九八零年,最顶层1%的美国人, 拥有全美国8%的总收入。 在这同时,最基层的50%的美国人, 拥有国家总收入的18%。
Thirty years later, today, the top one percent shares over 20 percent of national [income], while the bottom 50 percent of Americans share 12 or 13. 三十年后的今天,最顶层的 1%, 拥有国家总收入的20%。 同时美国底层的50%国民, 拥有12~13%。
If the trend continues, the top one percent will share over 30 percent of national [income] 假设这样的趋势持续下去, 那顶层的1%, 在另一个三十年后将会拥有
trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向;
in another 30 years, while the bottom 50 percent of Americans will share just six. 国家总收入的30%。 而美国底层的50%国民, 仅有6%。
You see, the problem isn't that we have some inequality. 其实,我们面对的问题, 不仅仅是这些不平等;
Some inequality is necessary for a high-functioning capitalist democracy . 为了维持资本民主高度作用, 某种程度的不平等是必要的。
democracy:n.民主,民主主义;民主政治;
The problem is that inequality is at historic highs today and it's getting worse every day. 问题在于这些不平等, 正在处于历史新高, 而且日渐恶化。
historic:adj.有历史意义的;历史上著名的;
And if wealth , power, and income continue to concentrate at the very tippy top, our society will change from a capitalist democracy to a neo-feudalist rentier society like 18th-century France. 若是财富、势力,和收入 都继续集中 在最顶层人的手中, 我们的社会将会开始起变化。 从一个以资本主义为主的民主社会, 变成一个新封建、唯利主义的社会。 就像18世纪的法国。
wealth:n.财富;大量;富有; concentrate:n.浓缩物;v.聚精会神;集中(注意力);使…集中(或集合、聚集);(使)浓缩; tippy:adj.不安定的;容易倾斜的;
That was France before the revolution and the mobs with the pitchforks. 那是法国, 与手中拿着铁耙子的暴民, 等着革命的样子。
revolution:n.革命;旋转;运行;循环;
So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats and zillionaires and for anyone who lives in a gated bubble world: 在此对其他的超级富豪 其他的兆亿富翁、 以及其他所有 住在高级的泡泡世界的人,我有话对你们说:
bubble:n.泡;气泡;肥皂泡;一点感情;v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);
Wake up. 醒醒吧！
Wake up. It cannot last. 醒醒吧！ 这样的好景不会持续下去的。
Because if we do not do something to fix the glaring economic inequities in our society, the pitchforks will come for us, for no free and open society can long sustain this kind of rising economic inequality. 如果我们袖手旁观, 让我们社会中的经济失衡继续恶化, 这些铁耙,有一天将会向我们刺来。 因为没有任何自由开放的社会,可以容忍 这种经济上的不平等无限成长。
economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; inequities:n.不公平待遇(inequity的复数形式); sustain:v.支持;支撑;遭受;证实;
It has never happened. There are no examples. 历史上从未发生过,没有任何前例。
You show me a highly unequal society, and I will show you a police state or an uprising . 你提出任何一个极度不平等的社会, 我就可以找到武装起义, 或者人民暴动的例子。
highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; unequal:adj.不平等的;不规则的;不胜任的;n.不等同的事物; police state:n.警察国家(通过警察部门控制人民旅行及言论等自由); uprising:n.起义;升起;adj.升起的;v.起义(uprise的ing形式);升起;
The pitchforks will come for us if we do not address this. 铁耙子迟早会向我们刺来, 若是我们不想办法解决问题。
It's not a matter of if, it's when. 这不是“会不会发生”而是“什么时候发生”的问题。
And it will be terrible when they come for everyone, but particularly for people like us plutocrats. 当铁耙子真的刺来的时候, 大家都会遭殃。 由是我们这些超级富豪。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地;
I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder . 我知道我听起来很像个左派的热心分子,
liberal:adj.宽宏大度的; n.理解且尊重他人意见的人; do-gooder:n.空想社会改良家;
I'm not. I'm not making a moral argument that economic inequality is wrong. 但我并不是。 我无意讨论 经济不平等在道德层面上的是非。
moral:n.寓意;品行;教益;adj.道德的;道义上的;道德上的;品行端正的;
What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality is stupid and ultimately self-defeating . 我认为经济不平等的增长 是愚昧的,并且最终会导致自我毁灭。
ultimately:adv.最终;最后;归根结底;终究; self-defeating:adj.弄巧成拙的;不利于自己的企图的;
Rising inequality doesn't just increase our risks from pitchforks, but it's also terrible for business too. 经济不平等的增长,不单单只是 增加我们沦于铁耙子之下的风险, 对于商業也毫无利益可言。
So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford . 我们这些有钱人,应该以亨利．福特为榜样。
Ford:n.福特[姓氏];浅滩;v.涉(水);渡河;津渡;
When Ford famously introduced the $5 day, which was twice the prevailing wage at the time, he didn't just increase the productivity of his factories, he converted exploited autoworkers who were poor into a thriving middle class who could now afford to buy the products that they made. 福特成功推出“一天工资五美元”方案, 也就是那个年代普通工资的两倍。 他不仅仅增加了 工厂的生产力, 他将饱受欺凌又贫穷的汽车厂工人, 摇身一变,成为了有实力的中产阶级, 终于能够购买他们亲手制作的产品。
famously:adv.著名地;极好地; prevailing:adj.流行的;一般的;占优势的;v.盛行,流行;获胜;(prevail的现在分词形式) productivity:n.生产力;生产率;生产能力; converted:adj.修改的;改变信仰的;v.转变;改变信仰(convert的过去式和过去分词形式); exploited:v.剥削;压榨;运用;利用;发挥(exploit的过去分词和过去式) autoworkers:n.(美)汽车工人; thriving:v.兴旺发达;繁荣;旺盛;茁壮成长;(thrive的现在分词) middle class:adj.中产阶级的;中层社会的; afford:v.给予,提供;买得起;
Ford intuited what we now know is true, that an economy is best understood as an ecosystem and characterized by the same kinds of feedback loops you find in a natural ecosystem,a feedback loop between customers and businesses. 当年福特的直觉,成了今天的真理。 要理解经济体,可以把它想像成一个生态体系。 并且跟大自然里的生态体系, 有着一样的回馈环路。 一种存在在买主与卖主之间的回馈环路。
intuited:vt.由直觉知道;vi.凭直觉知道; economy:n.经济;节约;理财; ecosystem:n.生态系统; characterized:adj.以…为特点的; feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; loops:n.[计]循环(loop复数); v.使...成环,以圈结,以环连结(loop的第三人称单数形式);
Raising wages increases demand, which increases hiring, which in turn increases wages and demand and profits , and that virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity is precisely what is missing from today's economic recovery . 工资成长会带动需求的成长, 需求成长会增加就業机会, 进而更加刺激工资、 需求、 以及利润的成长。 而这样子增进繁榮的良性循环, 正是我们现今 正慢慢复原的经济里所缺乏的。
wages:n.[劳经]工资; v.开展(运动等)(wage的第三人称单数形式); profits:n.利润; v.获益; (profit的第三人称单数和复数) virtuous:adj.善良的;有道德的;贞洁的;正直的;有效力的; prosperity:n.繁荣,成功; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获;
And this is why we need to put behind us the trickle-down policies that so dominate both political parties and embrace something I call middle-out economics. 这就是为什么我们务必抛弃 深深影响双方政治党派的 “下渗经济”政策, 并且实行我所谓的“middle-out经济”。
trickle-down:adj.[美国英语][经济学]利益扩散论的,间接流注论的,"滴入式"理论的; policies:n.政策;方针;原则;为人之道;保险单(policy的复数) dominate:vt.控制;支配;占优势;在…中占主要地位;vi.占优势;处于支配地位; embrace:n.拥抱,怀抱;v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;
Middle-out economics rejects the neoclassical economic idea that economies are efficient , linear , mechanistic , that they tend towards equilibrium and fairness, and instead embraces the 21st-century idea that economies are complex , adaptive , ecosystemic, Middle-out经济学不认同 新古典主义经济学的主张, 认定经济体是高效、 线性,并且机制化的, 认定经济体会自动趋向平衡与公正。 反之, ,此主义提昌符合21世纪的思维, 认为经济体是复杂,有矫正能力, 像生态系统那样,
rejects:n.不良品; v.拒绝; neoclassical:adj.新古典主义的; economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的; linear:adj.线的,线型的;直线的,线状的;长度的; mechanistic:adj.机械论的;机械学的; equilibrium:n.均衡;平静;保持平衡的能力; embraces:v.拥抱;乐意采纳(思想、建议等);信奉;包括;(embrace的第三人称单数) complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; adaptive:adj.适应的,适合的;
that they tend away from equilibrium and toward inequality, that they're not efficient at all but are effective if well managed. 不趋向平衡,反而趋向不平等。 并且一点也不有效率。 但是,在妥当的管理之下可以非常有效。
effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象;
This 21st-century perspective allows you to clearly see that capitalism does not work by [efficiently] allocating existing resources . 这个21世纪的新看法, 让我们清楚的见识到资本主义 作用的方式, 并不是靠者有效分配资源。
allocating:v.拨…给;划…归;分配…给;(allocate的现在分词) resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
It works by [efficiently] creating new solutions to human problems. 它的作用方式是经由提供有效的新方式 解决人类的问题。
The genius of capitalism is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system. 资本主义巧妙的地方在于, 它本身是一个可以自我演化而不断找寻新方法的系统。
genius:n.天才;天资;才能,本领; evolutionary:adj.进化的;发展的;渐进的;
It rewards people for solving other people's problems. 它鼓励人们去解决别人的问题。
rewards:n.[劳经]奖励; v.[劳经]奖赏;
The difference between a poor society and a rich society, obviously, is the degree to which that society has generated solutions in the form of products for its citizens. 贫穷与富有的社会, 有一个最大的差别, 在于社会本身,透过生产的产品, 来解决民众的民生问题的能力高低。
generated:v.产生;引起;(generate的过去式和过去分词)
The sum of the solutions that we have in our society really is our prosperity, and this explains why companies like Google and Amazon and Microsoft and Apple and the entrepreneurs who created those companies have contributed so much to our nation's prosperity. 社会中存在的这些, 解决方案的总体所奠定的, 是这个社会繁榮与否的基础。这就是为什么 像谷歌,或者Amazon、 微软、苹果这类的公司, 和成立这些公司的创業家 对于我们国家的繁榮 有了这么大的贡献。
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎; Amazon:亚马逊;古希腊女战士; contributed:v.捐献,捐赠(尤指款或物); (contribute的过去式和过去分词)
This 21st-century perspective also makes clear that what we think of as economic growth is best understood as the rate at which we solve problems. 这个21世纪的思维, 同时也阐明, 我们处理民生问题的效率, 跟经济上的成长 是成正比的。
But that rate is totally dependent upon how many problem solvers — diverse , able problem solvers — we have, and thus how many of our fellow citizens actively participate , both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions, and as customers who consume them. 但这种效率, 完全取决于有多少人才、多元化、 有能力的人才,来解决这些问题。 并且有多少平均市民, 能同时以提供解决的人的姿态 主动参与 ,并且扮演 消费者的角色。
dependent upon:取决于; solvers:n.解决者(solver的复数形式); diverse:adj.不同的;多种多样的;变化多的; participate:v.参加;参与; consume:v.消耗;吃;毁灭;烧毁;
But this maximizing participation thing doesn't happen by accident. 但是提高这样的参与度, 并不会偶然的发生,
maximizing:n.最大化;达到极大值;v.使…最大化;取…最大值(maximize的ing形式); participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
It doesn't happen by itself. 它不会说发生就发生的,
It requires effort and investment, which is why all highly prosperous capitalist democracies are characterized by massive investments in the middle class and the infrastructure that they depend on. 我们需要积极正视,并且投入资金。 这就是为甚么 所有高度繁榮的资本主义民主国家 都有这个特点。那就是 都有大规模的投资,专门针对中产阶级的需要, 以及其需要的基本设施。
prosperous:adj.繁荣的;兴旺的; democracies:民主; massive:adj.大量的;巨大的,厚重的;魁伟的; investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数) infrastructure:n.基础设施;公共建设;下部构造;
We plutocrats need to get this trickle-down economics thing behind us, this idea that the better we do, the better everyone else will do. 我们这些超级富豪, 实在应该抛弃所谓“下渗经济”, 这种,只要我们受惠, 其他人迟早也会受惠的心态。
It's not true. How could it be? 这怎么可能呢？这是完全错误的。
I earn 1,000 times the median wage, but I do not buy 1,000 times as much stuff , do I? 我的薪水相当于最低工资的一千倍, 但我并没有多消费一千倍。 是吧？
median:n.n.中值,中位数;三角形中线;梯形中位线;adj.中值的;中央的; stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
I actually bought two pairs of these pants, what my partner Mike calls my manager pants. 我是买了两条这样的裤子没错, 我的合伙人 Mike 戏称它为 “经理裤”。
I could have bought 2,000 pairs, but what would I do with them? (Laughter) 事实上,这样的裤子我可以买两千条。 但我买两千条裤子来,要干嘛？（笑声）
How many haircuts can I get? 我能剪几次头发,
How often can I go out to dinner? 能去餐厅吃几次饭？
No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get, we can never drive a great national economy. 无论多有钱,我们这些毕竟是少数的超级富豪。 不可能光靠我们来推动一个国家的经济。
Only a thriving middle class can do that. 只有一个国家蓬勃发展的中产阶级能为之。
There's nothing to be done, my plutocrat friends might say. 我的富豪朋友们可能会说, 我们又能怎样？
Henry Ford was in a different time. 亨利．福特存在另一个时空,
Maybe we can't do some things. 也许有些事情,我们是做不到。
Maybe we can do some things. 但也有些事,也许我们可以。
June 19, 2013, 2013年6月19号,
Bloomberg published an article I wrote called "The Capitalist’s Case for a $15 Minimum Wage ." 彭博刊出了我写的一篇文章,题为 “资本主义企業家对于$15最低时薪的研究报告”
Minimum Wage:n.(法定的)最低工资;
The good people at Forbes magazine, among my biggest admirers , called it "Nick Hanauer's near-insane proposal ." 富比士杂志的好朋友们, 我最大的粉丝之一, 称之为“尼克．汉豪尔几近疯狂的提议”。
Forbes:n.福布斯(美国著名财经杂志);福布斯(美国出版及媒体集团);福布斯(姓氏); admirers:n.钦佩者;赞赏者;追求者;(admirer的复数) proposal:n.提议,建议;求婚;
And yet, just 350 days after that article was published, 可是,在这文章 刊登后的350天之后,
Seattle 's Mayor Ed Murray signed into law an ordinance raising the minimum wage in Seattle to 15 dollars an hour, more than double what the prevailing federal $7.25 rate is. 西雅图市市长 Ed Murray 却立法定案, 将西雅图的最低薪资 涨到一小时15美元。 比当时联邦的平均薪资 一小时7.25美元还多两倍有余。
Seattle:n.西雅图(美国一港市); Mayor:n.市长;镇长; ordinance:n.条例;法令;圣餐礼; federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
How did this happen, reasonable people might ask. 这是怎么办到的？ 正常人可能会这么问。
It happened because a group of us reminded the middle class that they are the source of growth and prosperity in capitalist economies. 这条法律得以立案, 是因为我们出来呼吁, 中产阶级才是资本主义经济发展、 繁榮的来源。
reminded:v.提醒;使想起;(remind的过去分词和过去式)
We reminded them that when workers have more money, businesses have more customers, and need more employees. 我们提醒了他们,当工人口袋里多了钱, 大众商家就多了更多顾客, 同时就需要雇用更多员工。
We reminded them that when businesses pay workers a living wage , taxpayers are relieved of the burden of funding the poverty programs like food stamps and medical assistance and rent assistance that those workers need. 我们提醒了他们, 当商家付给工人薪资的同时, 也消除了纳税人对于穷困族群的负担, 像是食物券、医疗补给费、 和租房补助, 诸如此类低收入户所需的补助。
living wage:n.基本生活工资;仅能维持生活的工资; taxpayers:n.纳税人(taxpayer的复数); relieved:adj.释然的; v.缓解; burden:n.负担;责任;船的载货量;v.使负担;烦扰;装货于; funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣;
We reminded them that low-wage workers make terrible taxpayers, and that when you raise the minimum wage for all businesses, all businesses benefit yet all can compete . 我们提醒了他们 ,低收入工人 不擅长扮演纳税人的角色, 所以当你提高所有企業、 商家的最低薪资, 所有的企業、商家都会受益, 并且足以进一步的互相竞争。
compete:v.竞争;对抗;参加比赛(或竞赛);
Now the orthodox reaction , of course, is raising the minimum wage costs jobs. Right? 最传统的反面看法是: 提高最低薪资,代表减少总体的工作机会。
orthodox:adj.正统的;传统的;惯常的;东正教的;n.正统的人;正统的事物; reaction:n.反应,感应;反动,复古;反作用;
Your politician's always echoing that trickle-down idea by saying things like, "Well, if you raise the price of employment , guess what happens? You get less of it." 政客们总是打着“下渗经济”的旗帜, “看吧, 提高创造工作机会的成本, 结果会怎样? 工作机会就变少了!” 的口号。
echoing:n.呼应;回音;反照现象;v.回响,呼应(echo的现在分词); employment:n.使用;职业;雇用;
Are you sure? 真的是这样吗?
Because there's some contravening evidence . 证据显示完全相反。
contravening:vt.抵触;违反;反驳;否认; evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明;
Since 1980, the wages of CEOs in our country have gone from about 30 times the median wage to 500 times. 从一九八零年开始,我们国家CEO的薪水 比国民平均薪水高出三十倍, 上升到今天的五百倍。
That's raising the price of employment. 这,才是提高创造工作机会的成本。
And yet, to my knowledge , 再说,以我的了解,
to my knowledge:据我所知;
I have never seen a company outsource its CEO's job, automate their job, export the job to China. 我还没见过哪个公司, 把他们CEO的工作给外包,或者自动化, 或是将工作机会移出到中国大陆。
outsource:vt.把…外包;vi.外包; automate:v.使自动化; export:n.出口;[无线电]呼叫;出口货;输出额;v.出口;排出;adj.输出的;
In fact, we appear to be employing more CEOs and senior managers than ever before. 不但如此,跟以前比起来, 我们似乎雇用越来越多的CEO跟高级主管,
senior:adj.大;级别(或地位)高的;成人的;高级水平的;n.上级;上司;较…年长的人;
So too for technology workers and financial services workers, who earn multiples of the median wage and yet we employ more and more of them, so clearly you can raise the price of employment and get more of it. 高科技员工 和金融顾问也一样,越来越多。 他们的薪水也同样是国民平均的几倍之多。 我们却仍然雇用越来越多这样的人才。 所以无庸置疑的,你绝对可以提高创造工作机会的成本, 同时增加工作机会的数量。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语; financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; multiples:n.[数]倍数;跨国公司;多倍制图仪;连票;
I know that most people think that the $15 minimum wage is this insane , risky economic experiment. 我知道大多数人, 都认为15美元的最低时薪, 是种疯狂并且高风险的经济学实验。
insane:adj.疯狂的;精神病的;极愚蠢的;
We disagree. 我们反对这样的看法。
We believe that the $15 minimum wage in Seattle is actually the continuation of a logical economic policy . 我们认为15美元的最低时薪, 在西雅图, 是一条合乎逻辑的经济政策 的延续。
continuation:n.继续;续集;延长;附加部分;扩建物; logical:adj.合逻辑的,合理的;逻辑学的; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
It is allowing our city to kick your city's ass. 因为这条政策,我们的城市 变得比你们城市优秀的多。
Because, you see, 因为,
Washington state already has the highest minimum wage of any state in the nation. 华盛顿州原本就有全美国 所有州里最高的 最低工资。
We pay all workers $9.32, which is almost 30 percent more than the federal minimum of 7.25, but crucially , 427 percent more than the federal tipped minimum of 2.13. 我们给所有工人 $9.32 的薪资, 差不多比联邦最低薪资的$7.25, 多了百分之三十。 更重要的是, 比联邦 有小费员工 的最低薪资 $2.13 高了百分之427。
crucially:adv.关键地;至关重要地; tipped:v.倾斜;倒出;倾倒;轻触;轻碰;(tip的过去分词和过去式)
If trickle-down thinkers were right, then Washington state should have massive unemployment . 如果下渗经济支持者的想法是对的, 那华盛顿州照理说应该会有极高的失業率,
unemployment:n.失业;失业率;失业人数;
Seattle should be sliding into the ocean. 西雅图应该马上要沉近海里了。
And yet, Seattle is the fastest-growing big city in the country. 但事实呢？ 西雅图是我们国家发展的最快的大城市。
Washington state is generating small business jobs at a higher rate than any other major state in the nation. 华盛顿州所产生的工作机会, 比国内任何一个主要大州, 都来的多。
generating:v.产生;引起;(generate的现在分词)
The restaurant business in Seattle? Booming . 西雅图的餐饮業？ 蓬勃发展。
Booming:adj.兴旺的,繁荣的;大受欢迎的;v.兴旺(boom的现在分词);发出隆隆声;
Why? Because the fundamental law of capitalism is, when workers have more money, businesses have more customers and need more workers. 为什么？因为资本主义的基本法则就是, 当工人们有更多钱, 企業、商家就有顾客, 也就同时需要更多员工了。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的;
When restaurants pay restaurant workers enough so that even they can afford to eat in restaurants, that's not bad for the restaurant business. 当餐厅業者给员工的工资 够他们在工作的餐厅吃上一顿饭, 这对餐厅的经营不是坏事,
That's good for it, despite what some restaurateurs may tell you. 尽管有些老板不同意。 这其实是件好事。
despite:prep.尽管,不管;n.轻视;憎恨;侮辱; restaurateurs:n.饭店主人;餐馆老板;
Is it more complicated than I'm making out? 不过,事情实际上是不是没有我说得那么简单？
complicated:adj.复杂的;难懂的;v.使复杂化;(complicate的过去分词和过去式)
Of course it is. 那是当然的。
There are a lot of dynamics at play. 有许多不同的因素都会影响结果。
dynamics:n.动力学,力学;
But can we please stop insisting that if low-wage workers earn a little bit more, unemployment will skyrocket and the economy will collapse ? 但是我们能否停止这类的想法, 认为低收入的工人的工资多一点, 失業率就会冲破表。 然后经济就会崩溃？
skyrocket:n.流星烟火;冲天火箭;vi.飞涨,突然高升;vt.使…猛然上涨; collapse:vi.倒塌;瓦解;暴跌;vt.使倒塌,使崩溃;使萎陷;折叠;n.倒塌;失败;衰竭;
There is no evidence for it. 根本没有证据支持这样的说法。
The most insidious thing about trickle-down economics is not the claim that if the rich get richer, everyone is better off. 下渗经济 其中一种说法, 富者更富, 全体享福 , 还称不上
insidious:adj.阴险的;隐伏的;暗中为害的;狡猾的; claim:v.要求;声称;需要;认领;n.要求;声称;索赔;断言;值得;
It is the claim made by those who oppose any increase in the minimum wage that if the poor get richer, that will be bad for the economy. 最阴险的是那些 反对增加最低工资的人, 宣称穷人变得较富有, 对经济是有害的,才是真正阴险。
oppose:v.反对(计划、政策等);抵制;阻挠;(在竞赛中)与…对垒;
This is nonsense . 这简直就是胡说。
nonsense:n.胡说;废话;adj.荒谬的;int.胡说;
So can we please dispense with this rhetoric that says that rich guys like me and my plutocrat friends made our country? 我们是不是可以抛弃这类想法, 认为像我这样的有钱人, 还有我的超级富豪朋友们, 是我们建立这个国家 一类的想法？
dispense:v.分配;分发;提供;配药; rhetoric:n.修辞,修辞学;华丽的词藻;adj.花言巧语的;
We plutocrats know, even if we don't like to admit it in public, that if we had been born somewhere else, not here in the United States, we might very well be just some dude standing barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit. 我们超级富豪其实都知道, 即使我们不愿在公开场合承认, 如果我们出生在别的地方, 在美国以外的地方, 我们很可能就是站在小路旁, 打赤脚卖水果的人而已。
United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) dude:n.男人,小伙子;(非正式)花花公子; barefoot:adj.赤脚的;adv.赤着脚地; dirt road:n.土路;
It's not that they don't have good entrepreneurs in other places, even very, very poor places. 我不是说,其他国家没有创業精神跟习惯。 即使是最穷最穷的地方,都还是有。
It's just that that's all that those entrepreneurs' customers can afford. 只是因为在那样的经济体系, 那裏的消费者,能买得起的,就只是那样成度的商品。
So here's an idea for a new kind of economics, a new kind of politics that I call new capitalism. 今天,我要推荐一种新的经济体系。 一种新的政治体系。 我称之为新资本主义。
politics:n.政治;钩心斗角;政治观点;v.(贬)从事政治活动;(politic的第三人称单数)
Let's acknowledge that capitalism beats the alternatives , but also that the more people we include, both as entrepreneurs and as customers, the better it works. 我们必须承认, 资本主义比其他的经济体系强多了。 但是只有在我们接纳更多人, 无论是创業者,或者消费者, 它才会日益茁壮。
alternatives:n.可供选择的事物;(alternative的复数)
Let's by all means shrink the size of government, but not by slashing the poverty programs, but by ensuring that workers are paid enough so that they actually don't need those programs. 我们绝对应该缩减政府的干预, 但不是透过削减贫穷补助福利的方法, 而是让工人阶级拥有充沛的薪资。 进而幫助他们摆脱对这些福利专案的需要,
by all means:一定,务必;尽一切办法; shrink:v.收缩;减少;退缩;畏缩;n.精神病学家;心理学家; slashing:adj.猛烈的;严厉的;冲劲十足的;巨大的;n.猛砍;鞭打; ensuring:v.保证;确保;担保(ensure的现在分词);
Let's invest enough in the middle class to make our economy fairer and more inclusive , and by fairer, more truly competitive , and by more truly competitive , more able to generate the solutions to human problems that are the true drivers of growth and prosperity. 让我们增加给中产阶级的投资, 好让我们的经济更公平且具包容性, 透过公平,而更有竞争力。 透过真正的竞争力, 更能提出有效的, 解决人类的问题的方法。 这就是走向经济成长跟繁榮的道路。
inclusive:adj.包括的,包含的; competitive:adj.竞争的;比赛的;求胜心切的;
Capitalism is the greatest social technology ever invented for creating prosperity in human societies, if it is well managed, but capitalism, because of the fundamental multiplicative dynamics of complex systems, tends towards, inexorably , inequality, concentration and collapse. 资本主义是迄今为止, 最好的社会技术, 如果适当的执行的话, 能够给人类的社会带来繁榮。 但是资本主义,由于是一种复杂并且 利于钱滚钱的系统, 有时很残忍的会倾向于社会不公、 财富的集中,最终有可能以致于崩溃。
multiplicative:adj.[数]乘法的;增加的;n.乘法;倍数词; inexorably:adj.不可逆转的,不可阻挡的;adj.无情地;冷酷地; concentration:n.浓度;含量;集中;专心;
The work of democracies is to maximize the inclusion of the many in order to create prosperity, not to enable the few to accumulate money. 民主体系必须做到的, 是尽可能的涵盖多数人, 才能创造集体的繁榮, 而不是让少数人累积财富。
maximize:vt.取…最大值;对…极为重视;vi.尽可能广义地解释;达到最大值; inclusion:n.包含;内含物; enable:v.使能够;使有机会;使成为可能;使可行; accumulate:vi.累积;积聚;vt.积攒;
Government does create prosperity and growth, by creating the conditions that allow both entrepreneurs and their customers to thrive . 政府的确可以创造繁榮与经济成长, 透过提供给创業家跟他们的顾客, 可以蓬勃发展 的环境。
thrive:v.繁荣;茁壮成长;蓬勃发展;兴旺发达;
Balancing the power of capitalists like me and workers isn't bad for capitalism. 像我这样的资本家还有工人, 平衡这两者的力量对资本主义不但不是坏事,
capitalists:n.资本家(capitalist的复数);
It's essential to it. 反倒是有必要的。
essential:n.要点;要素;实质;必需品;adj.完全必要的;必不可少的;极其重要的;本质的;
Programs like a reasonable minimum wage, affordable healthcare , paid sick leave , and the progressive taxation necessary to pay for the important infrastructure 合理的最低时薪, 还有实惠的医疗保健, 有薪病假, 依照收入提高税收, 为着支付中产阶级需要的基础设施,
affordable:adj.负担得起的; healthcare:n.医疗保健;健康护理,健康服务;卫生保健; sick leave:n.病假;病假期; progressive:adj.进步的;先进的;开明的;稳步的;n.进步人士;开明人士;改革派; taxation:n.课税,征税;税款;
necessary for the middle class like education, R and D, these are indispensable tools shrewd capitalists should embrace to drive growth, because no one benefits from it like us. 幫助中产阶级建立在教育跟研发方面的基础设施, 以上都是不可或缺的工具。 是精明的资本家应该接受、 用来浇灌经济成长的工具。 就是我们。
indispensable:adj.不可缺少的;绝对必要的;责无旁贷的;n.不可缺少之物;必不可少的人; shrewd:adj.精明的;狡猾的;机灵的;n.精明(的人);机灵(的人);
Many economists would have you believe that their field is an objective science. 多数的经济学家会说, 他们的学术是一门客观的科学,
objective:n.目标; adj.客观的;
I disagree, and I think that it is equally a tool that humans use to enforce and encode our social and moral preferences and prejudices about status and power, which is why plutocrats like me have always needed to find persuasive stories to tell everyone else about why our relative positions are morally righteous and good for everyone: like, we are indispensable, the job creators, and you are not; like, tax cuts for us create growth, but investments in you will balloon our debt and bankrupt our great country; that we matter; that you don't. 我不这么认为。 我认为经济学同时也是一种 人类使用的工具,用来执行与制式化 我们在社会跟道德上的,关于地位与权力 这就是为什么像我这样的超级富豪, 常常需要找一些有力的故事, 来说服所有的人, 说服他们相信,我们所占的社会地位, 在道德上是说得过去,并且对所有人都有利的。 我们是不可取代的、创造工作的人, 而你们不是。 给我们减税,可以创造经济成长。 但投资在你们身上, 会扩大我们的债务, 并且让我们的国家破产。 我们很重要, 而你们不重要。
enforce:v.强制执行;强迫;迫使; encode:vt.(将文字材料)译成密码;编码,编制成计算机语言; preferences:n.偏爱;爱好;喜爱;偏爱的事物;(preference的复数) prejudices:成见;偏见;歧视(prejudice的复数); status:n.地位;状态;情形;重要身份; persuasive:adj.有说服力的;劝诱的,劝说的; relative:adj.相对的;有关系的;成比例的;n.亲戚;相关物;[语]关系词;亲缘植物; morally:adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地; righteous:adj.正义的;正直的;公正的; debt:n.债务;借款;罪过; bankrupt:adj.破产;倒闭;完全缺乏(有价值的东西);n.(经法院判决的)破产者;v.使破产;
For thousands of years, these stories were called divine right . 几千年来,这些故事被归类为 上天给予的权力。
divine right:n.(旧时的)君权神授说;天赋的权利;
Today, we have trickle-down economics. 而现今的说法,就是下渗经济学。
How obviously, transparently self-serving all of this is. 这套学说有多么明显、公开的 自私自利,
transparently:adv.显然地,易觉察地;明亮地; self-serving:adj.自私自利的,自私的;
We plutocrats need to see that the United States of America made us, not the other way around; that a thriving middle class is the source of prosperity in capitalist economies, not a consequence of it. 我们这些超级富豪必须认清, 是美国成就了我们, 而不是我们成就了美国。 我们须认清,蓬勃发展的中产阶级, 是资本经济的繁榮的来源, 而不是它的结果。
United States of America:un.美利坚合众国;
And we should never forget that even the best of us in the worst of circumstances are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit. 并且我们该永远记得, 在最糟糕的环境里,最努力的人能达到的最好状况, 也仅仅是光着脚在路边卖水果。
circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数)
Fellow plutocrats, I think it may be time for us to recommit to our country, to commit to a new kind of capitalism which is both more inclusive and more effective, a capitalism that will ensure that America's economy remains the most dynamic and prosperous in the world. 身为超级富豪的朋友们,我想是我们应该, 重新对我们的国家许一个未来的时候了。 许一个,有新的资本主义的未来。 这样的资本主义,更有包容性跟效率, 这样的资本主义, 也确保美国经济 保持在世界上是最活跃并且最繁榮的。
recommit:vt.再犯;再委托;重新提交(议案等)讨论;再关进监狱; ensure:vt.保证,确保;使安全;
Let's secure the future for ourselves, our children and their children. 让我们为了我们自己确保一个未来 也为了我们的下一代还有他们的下一代。
Or alternatively , we could do nothing, hide in our gated communities and private schools, enjoy our planes and yachts and wait for the pitchforks. 或者,我们也可以甚么都不做, 躲在我们的高级住宅区、 或者私立学校里, 光顾着享受我们的私人飞机跟游艇。 但同时,我们只是静候铁耙子的到来。
alternatively:adv.非此即彼;二者择一地;作为一种选择; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数) yachts:vi.乘游艇,驾游艇;n.游艇,快艇;轻舟;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) (掌声)