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NickCarusoandDaniellaRabaiotti_Farts_2020E-_世上最危险的屁_-
For most humans, farts are a welcome relief , an embarrassing incident, or an opportunity for a gas-based gag . 对大多数人来说,放屁 是一种受欢迎的解脱、 一个尴尬的插曲、或是 一个有关毒气的恶作剧机会。
But for many other creatures , farts are no laughing matter. 然而对于许多其他生物来说, 放屁可不是闹着玩的事。
Deep in the bowels of the animal kingdom, farts can serve as tools of intimidation , acts of self-defense , and even weapons of malodorous murder. 深在动物王国的肠胃中, 放屁可以作为恐吓的工具、 自卫的行动, 甚至是恶臭的凶杀武器。
farts:v.放屁; n.放屁; (fart的第三人称单数和复数) relief:n.救济;减轻,解除;安慰;浮雕; embarrassing:adj.令人尴尬的; v.使尴尬; (embarrass的现在分词) gag:n.封口布;塞口布;笑话;恶作剧;v.捂住,塞住;使缄默;作呕; creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数) bowels:n.内脏(尤指人的肠); v.取出…的肠子(bowel的第三人称单数); intimidation:n.恐吓,威胁; self-defense:n.自卫;正当防卫;自卫权; malodorous:adj.有恶臭的;令人极为反感的;不合法的;
The smelliest parts in the animal kingdom aren’t lethal , but they might ruin your trip to the beach. 动物王国中最臭的部分 虽不是致命的, 但也可能毁了你的海滩之旅。
Seals and sea lions are well-known for having truly foul farts due to their diet. 海豹和海狮因其饮食 导致放臭屁闻名。
Fish and shellfish are incredibly high in sulfur . 鱼类和贝类拥有极丰富的硫含量。
And during digestion , mammalian gut bacteria breaks down sulfur and amino acids containing sulfur to produce hydrogen disulphide , a gas with a smell resembling rotten eggs. 在消化过程当中, 哺乳动物的肠道细菌将硫 以及含硫氨基酸分解 来制造出二硫化氢气体, 那是一种闻起来像是烂鸡蛋的气体。
smelliest:发出难闻气味的(smelly的最高级); lethal:adj.致命的,致死的;n.致死因子; ruin:n.废墟;毁坏;灭亡;v.毁灭;使破产; well-known:adj.著名的;众所周知的;清楚明白的; foul:adj.犯规的; v.犯规; n.犯规; v.违反规则地,不正当地; shellfish:n.甲壳类动物;贝类等有壳的水生动物; incredibly:adv.难以置信地;非常地; sulfur:vt.用硫磺处理;n.硫磺;硫磺色; digestion:n.消化;领悟; mammalian:adj.哺乳类动物的;n.哺乳类; gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的 bacteria:n.[微]细菌; amino:adj.氨基的;n.[化学]氨基; hydrogen:n.氢;氢气; disulphide:n.二硫化物; resembling:v.看起来像;显得像;像;(resemble的现在分词) rotten:adj.腐烂的;堕落的;恶臭的;虚弱的;极坏的;adv.非常;
Seals and sea lions can’t help their funky flatulence , 海豹和海狮无法控制自己的肠胃气体,
But some animals deploy their farts strategically . 但有些动物则可以 将它们的屁作为战术使用。
Both the Eastern hognose snake and the Sonoran coral snake use a tactic called cloacal popping. 东部猪鼻蛇和索诺兰珊瑚蛇 都使用一种被称作 “泄殖腔弹出” 的战术。
funky:adj.时髦的;畏缩的;恶臭的; flatulence:n.[内科]肠胃气胀;浮夸;自负; deploy:v.部署;利用;[军事]展开;(使)张开; strategically:adv.战略性地;战略上; Eastern:adj.东方的;向东的;东部的;东方国家的;n.东方人;东正教信徒; hognose:n.猪鼻蛇; coral snake:(美)珊瑚蛇; tactic:n.策略,战略;adj.按顺序的,依次排列的; cloacal:adj.泄殖腔的;
This involves sucking air into their cloaca— a hole used for urinating , defecating and reproduction— and then shooting it back out with a loud pop. 这战术包括将空气吸入泄殖腔中 —— 泄殖腔是一种用于 小便、排便和繁殖的孔 —— 而后将空气伴随着 “砰” 的响声 从泄殖腔弹射出。
These pops are no more dangerous than a sea lion’s stench , but they are effective at scaring off would-be predators . 这些砰砰炮弹 不如海狮的臭气来得危险, 但是它们能有效的驱散潜在的掠食者。
Meanwhile , the flatulence of beaded lacewing larvae are silent and deadly . 与此同时,珠翅幼虫的 肠胃气体既无声又致命。
involves:v.包含;需要;牵涉;牵连;影响;(使)参加,加入(involve的第三人称单数) sucking:adj.吮吸的;没有断奶的;v.吮吸;吸;咂;抽取;(suck的现在分词) urinating:v.排尿;小便(urinate的现在分词) defecating:v.澄清;除去污物;排便;(defecate的现在分词) stench:n.恶臭;臭气;vt.使…散发恶臭;vi.发恶臭; effective:adj.有效的,起作用的;实际的,实在的;给人深刻印象; would-be:adj.想要成为的;自称的;冒充的;n.想要成为…人; predators:n.捕食性动物;实行弱肉强食的人(或机构);掠夺者;(predator的复数) Meanwhile:adv.同时,其间;n.其间,其时; beaded:adj.珠状的;饰以珠的; lacewing:n.草蜻蛉; larvae:n.幼虫;幼体(larva的复数形式); deadly:adj.致命的;非常的;死一般的;adv.非常;如死一般地;
Their farts contain a class of chemical known as allomone that has evolved specifically to paralyze termites . 它们屁里有一种被称为 异原信息素的化学物质, 专门进化出来用以麻痹白蚁。
In fact, this allomone is so powerful, a single fart can immobilize multiple termites for up to three hours, or even kill them outright . 事实上这种异原信息素强大到 仅仅一个屁便能让多个白蚁 失去行动长达三小时, 或者甚至直接将它们杀死。
Either way, these toxic farts give beaded lacewing larvae plenty of time to devour prey up to three times their size. 不论如何,这些有毒的屁 给了珠翅幼虫大量的时间 来吞食比它们体积大三倍的猎物。
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; allomone:n.异种传信素;异源外激素; evolved:v.(使)逐渐形成;进化;进化形成;(evolve的过去分词和过去式) specifically:adv.特别地;明确地; paralyze:vt.使麻痹;使瘫痪; termites:n.白蚁;(termite的复数) immobilize:vt.使固定;使不动;使停止流通; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; outright:v.全部地; adj.完全的,彻底的; toxic:adj.有毒的;中毒的; devour:v.狼吞虎咽地吃光;津津有味地看;吞没;毁灭; prey:n.猎物;受害者;受骗者;v.折磨;掠夺;捕食(on,upon);损害(on,upon);
For some other animals, however, holding farts in can be deadly. 但是,对于其它一些动物来说, 憋着屁可能是致命的。
The Bolson pupfish is a small freshwater fish found in northern Mexico. 波森幼鱼是一种生活在 北墨西哥的小型淡水鱼。
These fish feed on algae and other small organisms in the sediment . 这些鱼类以藻类和其它 在沉积物中的小生物为食。
But during the hottest days of the summer, this algae produces a lot of gas. 但是在夏天最热的时候, 藻会产生出来大量的气体。
If a pupfish doesn’t fart this gas out, it becomes buoyant— making it easy prey for passing birds. 如果一条幼鱼不将 这种气体通过屁排放出来 —— 它会浮起来而容易成为过往鸟类的猎物。
freshwater:adj.淡水的;无经验的;n.淡水;内河;湖水; algae:n.[植]藻类;[植]海藻; organisms:n.[生物]生物体(organism的复数);[生物]有机体; sediment:n.沉积;沉淀物;
And it isn't just predators they have to worry about. 而它们不仅得为这些猎食者担心。
Excessive gas buildup can actually burst their digestive systems. 过多的气体累积实际上 也会造成它们消化系统爆裂。
Researchers have found groups of several hundred dead pupfish that failed to fart for their lives. 研究人员发现了几百条死去的幼鱼 因为不放屁而丧了命。
Fortunately for humanity , animal farts can’t directly harm a human— outside making us lose our lunch. 对人类来说幸运的是, 动物放屁并不会直接 伤害人——除了让我们吐出午餐以外。
Excessive:adj.过多的,极度的;过分的; buildup:n.增强;发展;形成;组合;树立名誉; burst:v.破裂;爆炸;突破;冲进;n.爆发;点射;释放;(情感的)迸发; digestive:adj.消化的;助消化的;n.助消化药; Fortunately:adv.幸运地; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就;
But in the right circumstances , some animal flatulence can create surprisingly dangerous conditions. 但在适当的情况下, 一些动物的肠胃气体 会制造出异常危险的状况。
In the fall of 2015, a tripped smoke alarm forced a plane to make an emergency landing . 在 2015 年秋季, 一架飞机因为烟雾报警器响起 不得不被迫紧急降落。
Upon further inspection , officials found that there was no fire— just the burps and farts of over 2,000 goats being transported in the cargo bay. 经进一步的调查官员们并没有发现火灾 —— 他们只找到了货舱里 超过两千只山羊所放的屁和打的嗝。
circumstances:n.情况;环境;情形;(circumstance的复数) surprisingly:adv.令人惊讶地;出乎意料地 tripped:v.绊;绊倒;将…绊倒;使跌倒;脚步轻快地走;(trip的过去分词和过去式) smoke alarm:n.烟雾报警器(用于预防火灾); emergency landing:迫降; inspection:n.视察,检查; burps:n.打嗝;饱嗝儿;vi.打嗝;打饱嗝;vt.使打嗝; transported:v.(用交通工具)运输,运送,输送;(transport的过去分词和过去式) cargo:n.(船或飞机装载的)货物;
The change in air pressure had caused them to pass gas en masse . 气压的变化导致它们集体排出气体。
Thankfully , this story of farting goats had relatively low costs. 谢天谢地的是, 这个山羊放屁的事件代价相对不高。
But the most dangerous flatulence in the world may actually come from a similarly unassuming mammal: the humble cow. 但是世上最危险的 肠胃气体可能实际来自 一种似乎也看起来 人畜无害的哺乳动物:谦逊的牛。
en masse:adv.一起;全体; Thankfully:adv.感谢地;感激地; farting:v.放屁;(尤指)放响屁;(fart的现在分词) relatively:adv.相当程度上;相当地;相对地; similarly:adv.同样地;类似于; unassuming:adj.谦逊的;不装腔作势的;不出风头的; humble:adj.谦逊的; vt.使谦恭;
There are nearly one billion cows in the world, most of them raised specifically for milk and meat. 世界上有将近十亿头牛, 他们中的大部分被专门养来生产肉和牛奶。
Like goats, cows are ruminants , which means their stomachs have four chambers , allowing them to chew, digest and regurgitate their food multiple times. 像山羊一样,牛是反刍动物, 这意味着它们有四个胃, 让它们能够咀嚼、消化 并对食物进行多次反刍。
This process helps them extract extra nutrients from their food, but it also produces a lot of gas. 这个过程帮助它们 从食物里获得额外的营养, 但它也同时产生很多气体。
This is particularly troubling because one of the gases cows emit is methane , a major greenhouse gas that contributes heavily to global warming . 这很麻烦是因为牛排出的气体之一 是甲烷, 一种导致温室效应的主要气体。
ruminants:n.[脊椎]反刍动物(ruminant的复数); chambers:n.内庭(chamber的复数); regurgitate:vi.回流;回涌;反胃;反刍;vt.使回流;使回涌;使反刍; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; extract:v.提取;取出;摘录;榨取;n.汁;摘录;榨出物;选粹; nutrients:营养盐;[食品]营养素; particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; emit:v.发出,射出,散发(光、热、声音、气等); methane:n.[有化]甲烷;[能源]沼气; greenhouse gas:n.温室气体(尤指二氧化碳); contributes:[图情]投稿;[经]捐助;[经]捐献(contribute的第三人称单数); global warming:n.全球(气候)变暖;地球大气层变暖;
One kilogram of methane traps dozens of times more heat in the atmosphere than one kilogram of carbon dioxide . 一千克甲烷能在大气中困住 超过一千克二氧化碳几倍的热量。
And with each cow releasing up to 100 kilograms of methane every year, these animals have become one of the biggest contributors toward climate change. 而因为每头牛每年 放出多达 100 千克的甲烷, 这些动物已经成为了 导致温室效应的最大原因之一。
So while other animals may have louder, fouler , or even more toxic farts, cow flatulence may be the most dangerous gas ever to pass. 所以在其它动物放出 更响、更臭、甚至更毒的屁时, 牛的肠胃胀气可能是 有史以来最危险的气体。
traps:n.陷阱,捕捉器; v.使落入险境; (trap的第三人称单数和复数) atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; carbon dioxide:二氧化碳; releasing:n.释放;松释动作;脱扣释放;v.释放;排放;(release的现在分词); contributors:n.贡献者;参与者;编著者(contributor的复数形式); fouler:n.污着生物;adj.更污浊;更邪恶(foul的比较级);