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NicholasNegroponte_2006-_每个儿童一台笔记本电脑_
I've been at MIT for 44 years. I went to TED I. 我在麻省理工工作了44年。我还参加过第一届TED大会。
There's only one other person here, I think, who did that. 我想在座的各位中只有一个人有过这样的经历。
All the other TEDs -- and I went to them all, under Ricky's regime -- 在所有其他的TED大会上——我参加了所有的TED,都是在Ricky的领导下——
regime:n.政权,政体;社会制度;管理体制;
I talked about what the Media Lab was doing, which today has almost 500 people in it. 我讲的都是媒体实验室做了什么, 现在这所实验室已经有了将近500个人。
Media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
And if you read the press, it actually last week said I quit the Media Lab. 大家要是读了报纸,会发现上星期报纸上说我退出了媒体实验室。
quit:v.离开;放弃;停止;使…解除;n.离开;[计]退出;adj.摆脱了…的;已经了结的;
I didn't quit the Media Lab, I stepped down as chairman -- which was a kind of ridiculous title, but someone else has taken it on, and one of the things you can do as a professor, is you stay on as a professor. 我没有退出实验室,我只是不再做“主席”了—— 这个头衔有点滑稽,不过现在由另外的人担任了, 当教授就是有这么个好处, 那就是你一旦当上,就一直是教授。
ridiculous:adj.可笑的;荒谬的;
And I will now do for the rest of my life the One Laptop Per Child, which I've sort of been doing for a year and a half, anyway. 而从现在开始,我这一辈子要投身于每个儿童一台笔记本电脑项目, 这件事我已经做了一年半了。
Laptop:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;
So I'm going to tell you about this, use my 18 minutes to tell you why I'm doing it, how we're doing it, and then what we're doing. 所以,这次我就来说说这件事, 在给我的18分钟时间里说说我为什么要做这件事, 如何做,以及我们正在做什么。
And at some point I'll even pass around what the 100 dollar laptop might be like. 讲话中间,我还会给大家 看一看100美元笔记本电脑是什么样的。
Now, I was asked by Chris to talk about some of the big issues , and so I figured I'd start with the three that at least drove me to do this. Chris让我说说一些重大的事。 因此我想,我应该从促使我做这件事的三点认识开始。
issues:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;(issue的第三人称单数和复数)
And the first is pretty obvious . 第一条非常明显。
obvious:adj.明显的;显著的;平淡无奇的;
It's amazing when you meet a head of state , and you say, "What is your most precious natural resource ?" 有一件事很让人惊讶。当你会见某个国家元首,问 “贵国最宝贵的自然资源是什么？”
head of state:n.国家元首; precious:adj.宝贵的;珍贵的;矫揉造作的; resource:n.资源;资料;才智;财力;v.向…提供资金(或设备);
They will not say children at first, and then when you say children, they will pretty quickly agree with you. 他们最初不会说是儿童, 不过当你说是儿童后,他们很快会同意你的说法。
And so that isn't very hard. 因此,这一条不很难理解。
Everybody agrees that whatever the solutions are to the big problems, they include education, sometimes can be just education, and can never be without some element of education. 每个人都同意,一些重大问题的解决方案不论是什么, 都会包括教育,有时只能靠教育, 而且无论如何都不能少了教育。
element:n.元素;要素;原理;成分;自然环境;
So that's certainly part of it. 因此教育肯定是不可或缺的。
And the third is a little bit less obvious. 第三条就不那么明显了。
And that is that we all in this room learned how to walk, how to talk, not by being taught how to talk, or taught how to walk, but by interacting with the world, 这间屋子里的诸位,在学习走路、说话的时候, 不是靠别人教给我们如何说话,或如何走路, 而是通过和周围的世界互动,
interacting:v.交流;沟通;合作;相互影响;(interact的现在分词)
by having certain results as a consequence of being able to ask for something, or being able to stand up and reach it. 是因为我们能够去要东西,或是能够站起来,够到东西了, 通过这些行为导致某种特定的结果.
consequence:n.结果;重要性;推论;
Whereas at about the age six, we were told to stop learning that way, and that all learning from then on would happen through teaching, whether it's people standing up, like I'm doing now, or a book, or something. 可是在大约6岁的时候,我们被告知,不能这样学习了, 从那时开始要靠学校教育学习, 这可能是有个人站在我们面前,就像我现在做的那样,或是通过书本,以及其他什么东西。
Whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; from then on:从那时起
But it was really through teaching. 但确确实实是通过教而学。
And one of the things in general that computers have provided to learning is that it now includes a kind of learning which is a little bit more like walking and talking, in the sense that a lot of it's driven by the learner himself or herself. 通常说来,电脑能够为学习带来的一件事, 就是它能够提供一种特别的学习经历 这种学习有点像学习走路和说话, 从某种意义上讲,主要是靠学习者自身的激励进行的。
in general:总之,通常;一般而言; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式)
So with those as the principles -- some of you may know Seymour Papert, this is back in 1982, when we were working in Senegal. 因此,基于这些原则—— 诸位中可能有人想到Seymour Papert, 那是在1982年,我们当时在塞内加尔。
principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数)
Because some people think that the 100 dollar laptop just happened a year ago, or two years ago, or we were struck by lightning . 有人可能以为100美元电脑只是一年前开始的, 或是2年前开始的,或是我们突发奇想开始做的。
lightning:n.闪电;adj.闪电般的;飞快的;突然的
This actually has gone back a long time, and in fact, back to the '60s. 其实这件事已经做了很长时间,实际上可以上溯到1960年代。
Here we're in the '80s. 这张照片是1980年代拍的。
Steve Jobs had given us some laptops , we were in Senegal. 史蒂夫·乔布斯捐给我们一些笔记本电脑,我们是在塞内加尔。
laptops:n.便携式电脑;笔记本电脑;(laptop的复数)
It didn't scale but it at least was bringing computers to developing countries, and learning pretty quickly that these kids -- even though English wasn't their language, the Latin alphabet barely was their language, but they could just swim like fish; they could play these like pianos. 这件事的规模没能扩大,但至少,它把电脑带到了第三世界国家, 而且这些孩子学得很快—— 虽然他们的语言不是英语, 甚至他们连拉丁字母都不大认识, 可是他们就像鱼儿入了水, 他们就像弹钢琴一样玩这些电脑。
scale:n.规模;比例;鳞;刻度;天平;数值范围;v.衡量;攀登;剥落;生水垢; Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语; barely:adv.仅仅,勉强;几乎不;公开地;贫乏地;
A little bit more recently , I got involved personally . 更近一些时候,我亲自参加了这样的项目。
recently:adv.最近;新近; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) personally:adv.个人;亲自;本人;就本人而言;
And these are two anecdotes -- one was in Cambodia , in a village that has no electricity , no water, no television, no telephone, but has broadband Internet now. 这里有两段故事——其中的一段是在柬埔寨。 我们选择的村庄没有电,没有自来水,没有电视,也没有电话, 但是现在却有了宽带互联网。
anecdotes:n.奇闻轶事(anecdote的复数); Cambodia:n.柬埔寨(位于亚洲); electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; broadband:n.宽频;宽波段;adj.宽频带的;宽波段的;宽频通讯的;
And these kids, their first English word is " Google ," 这些孩子会说的第一个英语词是“Google”,
Google:谷歌;谷歌搜索引擎;
and they only know Skype . They've never heard of telephony . 他们只知道Skype。他们从来没有听说过普通的电话。
Skype:n.网络电话(一个网络语音沟通工具); telephony:n.电话(学);电话制造;
OK, they just use Skype. 他们只用Skype。
And they go home at night; they've got a broadband connection in a hut that doesn't have electricity. 晚上回到家,他们可以通过宽带上网 虽然茅屋里并没有电。
hut:n.小屋;木屋;[军事]临时营房;[美俚]牢房;v.(使)住临时营房[小屋];
The parents love it, because when they open up the laptops, it's the brightest light source in the house. 家长们都很喜欢这东西,因为孩子们一打开电脑, 电脑就成了屋子里最亮的光源。
And talk about where metaphors and reality mix -- this is the actual school. 现在我来讲一讲想象和现实是如何交汇的—— 这就是那所学校。
metaphors:n.隐喻(metaphor的复数形式);
In parallel with this, Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine to legislate one laptop per child in the year 2002. 与此同时,Seymour Papert还说服缅因州州长 通过了一项法案,从2002年起为每个儿童提供一台电脑。
In parallel with:与…平行;与…同时; Maine:n.缅因州(美国州名); legislate:vt.用立法规定;通过立法;vi.立法;制定法律;
Now at the time, I think it's fair to say that 80 percent of the teachers were -- 当时,我觉得可以说百分之八十的教师都——
- let me say, apprehensive . ——可以说是忧心忡忡。
apprehensive:adj.忧虑的;不安的;敏悟的;知晓的;
Really, they were actually against it. 真的,他们当时确实是反对这件事。
And they really preferred that the money would be used for higher salaries, more schools, whatever. 他们更希望这笔钱能用来 给他们涨工资,建几所新学校,等等。
preferred:v.较喜欢;喜欢…多于…;(prefer的过去式和过去分词)
And now, three and a half years later, guess what? 现在,三年半过去了,猜猜发生了什么？
They're reporting five things. 他们报告说有五大变化。
Drop of truancy to almost zero, attending parent-teacher meetings -- which nobody did and now almost everybody does -- drop in discipline problems, increase in student participation . 逃课现象几乎消失了,家长会到会的人多了—— 过去没有人来,现在几乎所有的家长都来—— 违反纪律的现象少了,学生的参与度提高了。
truancy:n.旷课,逃学;玩忽职守; discipline:n.纪律;训练;自制力;风纪;v.训练;管教;惩罚;处罚; participation:n.参与;分享;参股;
Teachers are now saying it's kind of fun to teach; kids are engaged . They have laptops. 老师们现在说教学很有乐趣; 孩子们积极参与。他们都有笔记本电脑。
engaged:adj.已订婚的; v.吸引住; (engage的过去分词和过去式)
And then the fifth, which interests me the most, is that the servers have to be turned off at certain times at night because the teachers are just getting too much email from the kids asking them for help. 第五点我觉得最有趣, 那就是到了晚上某个时间,他们必须把服务器关上。 因为老师们收到的电子邮件太多了 许许多多的孩子请求帮助。
So when you see that kind of thing, this is not something that you have to test. 因此,当大家看到这些实例的时候,就知道这件事已经无需再做试验。
The days of pilot projects are over, when people say, "Well, we'd like to do three or four thousand in our country to see how it works." 项目的试验阶段已经过去了,所以当有人说, “嗯,我们想先在我们国家做三四千人的试验,看看效果如何。”
Screw you. Go to the back of the line and someone else will do it, and then when you figure out that this works, you can join as well. 去你的吧。一边儿去。自然有别的愿意参与的来做。 当你想明白了,这事儿行得通的时候,再来加入吧。
Screw:v.旋,拧;压榨;强迫;n.螺旋;螺丝钉;吝啬鬼;
And this is what we're doing. 我们现在就是这么做的。
(Laughter) (Applause) （笑声）（掌声）
So, One Laptop Per Child was formed about a year and a half ago. 因此,每个儿童一台笔记本电脑计划形成于大约一年半以前。
It's a nonprofit association; it raised about 20 million dollars to do the engineering to just get this built, and then have it produced afterwards. 这是一个非盈利组织。它筹集了两千万美元 进行工程开发,然后进行生产。
nonprofit:adj.非赢利的;不以赢利为目的的;
Scale is truly important. 规模非常的重要。
And it's not important because you can buy components at a lower price, OK? 规模之所以重要,并不是因为这样可以以更低的价格购买零部件,明白吗？
components:n.部件;组件;成份(component复数);
It's because you can go to a manufacturer -- and I will leave the name out -- but we wanted a small display , doesn't have to have perfect color uniformity , it can even have a pixel or two missing, it doesn't have to be that bright. 而是因为这样的话你就可以跟生产商谈—— 这里我就不说那家生产商的名字了—— 我当时说我们想要比较小的显示屏,色彩还原不必完美, 甚至可以有一两个坏点,也无需那么亮。
manufacturer:n.生产商;生产者;制造者; display:n.显示;炫耀;vt.显示;表现;陈列;vi.[动]作炫耀行为;adj.展览的;陈列用的; uniformity:n.均匀性;一致;同样; pixel:n.象素;图像的基本单位;表示显示在萤幕上的一点;
And this particular manufacturer said, "Well, you know, we're not interested in that. We're interested in the living room . 结果这家生产商说: “哦,可是我们对此不感兴趣。我们感兴趣的是客厅电脑。
living room:n.客厅;起居室;
We're interested in perfect color uniformity. 我们希望有完美的色彩还原。
We're interested in big displays , bright displays. 我们想造的是大显示屏,亮显示屏。
displays:v.陈列; n.陈列;
You're not part of our strategic plan." 你不在我们的战略规划里。”
strategic:adj.战略上的,战略的;
And I said, "Well, that's kind of too bad, because we need 100 million units a year." 于是我说:“哦,那真是可惜。 因为我们一年就需要一亿部。”
And they said, "Oh, well maybe we could become part of your strategic plan." 结果他们说:“哦,也许我们可以成为你们的战略规划的一部分。”
And that's why scale counts. 这就是规模的重要性之所在。
And that's why we will not launch this without five to 10 million units in the first run. 因此,首批达不到500到1000万部,我们是不会发布这种电脑的。
launch:v.发射(导弹,火箭等); n.发射;
And the idea is to launch with enough scale that the scale itself helps bring the price down, and that's why I said seven to 10 million there. 我们的理念是,通过足够大的规模 让规模自身把价格压下来, 因此这里我说到是700到1000万部。
And we're doing it without a sales and marketing team. 而且我们做这件事不需要市场销售队伍。
I mean, you're looking at the sales and marketing team. 我的意思是,大家可能会问我们的销售队伍在哪儿。
We will do it by going to seven large countries and getting them to agree and launch it, and then the others can follow. 我们是和7个国家讨论这件事,希望他们能够同意发布 其他的国家可以效仿。
We have partners; it's not hard to guess Google would be one, the others are all playing to pending . 我们也有合作伙伴。大家不难猜到谷歌是其中一家, 其他的还都没确定。
pending:adj.悬而未决的; prep.在等待…时期; v.悬而未决; (pend的现在分词)
And this has been in the press a great deal. 这件事媒体业报道很多次了。
It's the so-called Green Machine that we introduced with Kofi Annan in November at the World Summit that was held in Tunisia . 这就是所谓的绿色电脑,我们是和安南一起发布的 那是在突尼斯,在11月举行的世界首脑峰会上。
so-called:adj.所谓的;号称的; Summit:n.峰会;山顶;顶点;最高点; Tunisia:n.突尼斯(非洲国家);
Now once people start looking at this, they say, ah, this is a laptop project. 有的人一看到这个电脑,会说,啊,这是个笔记本电脑项目。
Well, no, it's not a laptop project. It's an education project. 不对,这不是一个笔记本电脑项目。这是一个教育项目。
And the fun part -- and I'm quite focused on it -- 最有趣的一点——我对此很关注——
I tell people I used to be a light bulb , but now I'm a laser. 我跟人们说,我过去像灯泡一样有很多新点子照亮别人,现在我是激光。
light bulb:n.灯泡;
I'm just going to get that thing built, and it turns out it's not so hard. 我一定要造出这种电脑, 而且事实证明这不是那么难。
Because laptop economics are the following: 因为笔记本电脑业的经营奥秘是这样的:
I say 50 percent here; it's more like 60, 60 percent of the cost of your laptop is sales, marketing, distribution and profit. 这里我指出是百分之五十,其实更像是百分之六十。 大家购买笔记本电脑所花的钱,有百分之六十是付给了销售、市场营销、渠道以及利润等。
distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
Now we have none of those, OK? 现在我们把这些都拿掉。
None of those figure into our cost. 所有这些数字都不在我们的成本里。
Because first of all , we sell it at cost, and the governments distribute it. 因为,首先,我们以成本价销售,并且通过政府来发行。
first of all:adv.首先; distribute:v.分发;分配;分销;分散;
It gets distributed to the school system like a textbook. 就像课本一样,发行到学校。
distributed:adj.分布的;分散的;v.分发;分配;使分布(distribute的过去分词和过去式)
So that piece disappears , and then you have display and everything else. 因此这一块就没有了,现在剩下的只是显示器以及其他的部件。
disappears:v.消失;不见;消亡;失踪;丢失;(disappear的第三人称单数)
Now the display on your laptop costs, in rough numbers, 10 dollars a diagonal inch. 笔记本电脑上的显示器的成本,粗略算来, 大约是每英寸（对角线长度）10美元。
diagonal:adj.斜的;对角线的;斜纹的;n.对角线;斜线;
Now that can drop to eight, it can drop to seven, but it's not going to drop to two, or to one and a half, unless we do some pretty clever things. 这个价格有可能降到8美元或7美元。 但是却不会一下子降到2美元或1.5美元, 除非我们能有什么重大突破。
It's the rest -- that little brown box -- that is pretty fascinating , because the rest of your laptop is devoted to itself. 让我们感兴趣的是剩下的部分——那块棕色的部分, 因为笔记本电脑其余的部分都是为自己而存在的。
fascinating:adj.极有吸引力的;迷人的;v.深深吸引;迷住;(fascinate的现在分词) devoted:adj.专心致志; v.献身; (devote的过去分词和过去式)
It's a little bit like an obese person having to use most of their energy to move their obesity . OK? 这有点像一个胖人,必须把大部分 大部分的体能用于移动自己肥胖的身子。明白吗？
obese:adj.肥胖的,过胖的; obesity:n.肥大,肥胖;
And we have a situation today which is incredible . 我们现在的处境就有点匪夷所思。
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
OK, I've been using laptops since their inception . 自从笔记本电脑问世,我就开始用这种东西。
inception:n.起初;获得学位;n.《盗梦空间》(电影名);
And my laptop runs slower, less reliably and less pleasantly than it ever has before. 可是一直以来,我的笔记本电脑越来越慢,越来越不稳定,越来越不让我满意。
reliably:adv.可靠地;确实地; pleasantly:adv.愉快地;和蔼地,亲切地;友好地;
And this year is worse. 今年情况就更糟了。
Now people clap , sometimes you even get standing ovations and I say, "What the hell's wrong with you? Why are we all sitting there?" 听了这话,有人鼓掌,有时还有人站起来喝彩,我要说, “大家都怎么了？我们为什么坐在这里坐视这一切？”
clap:n.鼓掌;拍手;掌声;拍手声;v.拍手(表示赞许或欣赏);击掌; ovations:n.热烈欢迎;大喝采;
And somebody to remain nameless called our laptop a gadget recently. 而且有个我不愿指名道姓的人最近还把我们的笔记本电脑叫做“电玩”。
nameless:adj.不可名状的,难以形容的;匿名的; gadget:n.小玩意;小器具;小配件;诡计;
And I said, God, our laptop's going to go like a bat out of hell . 我听了之后说,老天,我们的笔记本电脑可是运行飞快的。
like a bat out of hell:飞速地;
When you open it up, it's going to go "bing," it'll be on, it'll use it. 当你打开它,它会嘭的一下子亮起来,就开了,就能用了。
It'll be just like it was in 1985, when you bought an Apple Macintosh 512. 就像在1985年,大家刚买回来的苹果的Mac512一样。
Macintosh:n.苹果公司生产的一种型号的计算机;
It worked really well. 它非常好用。
And we've been going steadily downhill . 我们一直以来都是在走下坡路。
steadily:adv.稳定地;稳固地;有规则地; downhill:adv.下坡;向下;每况愈下;adj.下坡的;容易的;n.下坡;滑降;
Now this people ask all the time what it is. 大家一直在问,我们的电脑配置是什么样的。
That's what it is. 就是这个样子的。
The two pieces that are probably notable is it'll be a mesh network, so when the kids open up their laptops, they all become a network, and then just need one or two points of backhaul. 值得关注的两点,是它会使用网状网络, 所以当孩子们一开机,他们就都连成一个网络, 然后就只需要1到2点的空载传输。
notable:adj.值得注意的,显著的;著名的;n.名人,显要人物; mesh:n.网格;网状物;陷阱;困境;圈套;v.(使)吻合,相配,匹配,适合;
You can serve a couple of thousand kids with two megabits . 有两兆的带宽,就足够几千个孩子用的。
megabits:n.[计]兆位(megabit的复数形式);
So you really can bring into a village, and then the villages can connect themselves, and you really can do it quite well. 因此很容易把它部署到村庄, 整个村庄就能联网, 这样就能用得很好。
The dual mode display -- the idea is to have a display that both works outdoors -- isn't it fun using your cell phone outdoors in the sunlight ? 另外一点是双模式显示屏——这样设计是为了让它既能在室外使用—— 大家在室外使用手机的时候有没有遇到问题？
dual:adj.双的;双重的;n.双数;双数词; sunlight:n.日光;
Well, you can't see it. 对了,屏幕看不清。
And one of the reasons you can't see it is because it's backlighting most of the time, most cell phones. 之所以看不清,其中一个原因在于手机是背光照明的, 绝大部分手机都是。
backlighting:n.逆光;v.从后面照射;由逆光照明(backlight的ing形式);
Now, what we're doing is, we're doing one that will be both front lit and back lit. 因此,我们要做的是,我们要设计一种既使用背光,又使用反射光的屏幕。
And whether you manually switch it or you do it in the software is to be seen. 置于到底是手动切换还是通过软件切换还没最后决定。
manually:adv.手动地;用手;
But when it's back lit, it's color, and when it's front lit, it's black and white at three times the resolution . 不过在使用背光的时候,它是彩色的, 使用反射光的时候,就是黑白的了,分辨率高了三倍。
resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议;
Is it all worked out? No. 这样的显示模式是否已经设计完成了？还没。
That's why a lot of our people are more or less living in Taiwan right now. 所以现在我们还有很多人住在台湾。
more or less:或多或少;
And in about 30 days we'll know for sure whether this works. 再过一个月我们就能知道这是否行得通了。
Probably the most important piece there is that the kids really can do the maintenance . 也许最重要的一点, 是孩子们自己就能进行维护。
maintenance:n.维护,维修;保持;生活费用;
And this is again something that people don't believe, but I really think it's quite true. 许多人对此也是将信将疑, 但我很确定,这一点没有问题。
That's the machine we showed in Tunis, and this is more the direction that we're going to go. 这就是我们在突尼斯展示的电脑, 而这是我们要设计的更多的使用方式。
And it's something that we didn't think was possible. 原来我们也曾以为这些都不可能呢。
Now, I'm going to pass this around. 现在我把这个机器往下传一下。
This isn't a design, OK? 这不是设计图。
So this is just a mechanical engineering sort of embodiment of it for you to play with. 这只是一个工程模型,供大家把玩一下。
mechanical engineering:机械工程;机械工程学; embodiment:n.体现;化身;具体化;
And it's clearly just a model. 这显然只是个模型。
The working one is at MIT. 能够真正使用的原型在MIT呢。
I'm going to pass it to this handsome gentleman. 我把这个先交给这位帅哥,请他往下传。
At least then you can decide whether it goes left or -- oh, simulcast . Sorry! I forgot. I forgot. OK, so wherever the camera is -- 然后你再决定往哪儿传—— 哦,同时联播。抱歉,我忘了。好的,摄像机在哪儿呢？
simulcast:v.同时联播;n.同时联播;
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris. 对,好主意。谢谢你,Chris。
The idea was that it would be not only a laptop, but that it could transform and be into an electronic book. 我们的想法是,这个机器并不仅仅是台笔记本电脑, 而是可以变化一下,变成一部电子书。
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; electronic:adj.电子的;电子器件的;电子设备的;
So it's sort of an electronic book. 这样就像电子书了。
This is where you can go outside, it's in black and white . 这样可以在户外,以黑白模式显示。
in black and white:白纸黑字;
The games buttons are missing, but it'll also be a games machine, book machine. 游戏按钮在这里,没做上。但是它也可以当游戏机用,当电子书读。
Set it up this way and it's a television set. 这样放置,它就成了一台电视机。
Et cetera , et cetera -- is that enough for simulcast? OK, sorry. 等等等等——这些演示够了吗？好的,抱歉。
Et cetera:na.以及其他;
I'll let Jim decide which way to send it afterwards. OK. 我把它交给Jim吧,请他决定往下怎么传。好的。
Seven countries. (Laughter) 七个国家。（笑声）
I say maybe for Massachusetts, because they actually have to do a bid. 我说马萨诸塞州有可能,是因为他们得进行招标。
By law you've got to bid, and so on and so forth. 法律要求他们必须招标等等。
So I can't quite name them. 因此还不能说他们肯定能。
In the other cases, they don't have to do bids. They can decide. 其他的个例中,他们就无需招标。他们可以做出决定。
It's the federal government in each case. 每个案例所涉及的都是中央政府。
federal:adj.联邦的;同盟的;联邦政府的;联邦制的;adv.联邦政府地;
It's kind of agonizing , because a lot of people say, "Well, let's do it at the state level." 这有点困难,因为好多人说: “要不我们在州一级做这件事吧。”
agonizing:adj.痛苦的;令人焦虑不安的;v.苦苦思索;焦虑不已;(agonize的现在分词)
Because, of course, states are more nimble than the feds , just because of size. 当然,这是因为州比中央政府灵活,因为其规模较小。
nimble:adj.敏捷的;聪明的;敏感的; feds:abbr.联邦政府工作人员;
And yet we count. 可是我们考虑过。
We're really dealing with the federal government; we're really dealing with ministries of education. 我们就是在跟中央政府谈。 在和各国的教育部门谈。
ministries:n.事工部门(ministry的复数);
And if you look at governments around the world, ministries of education tend to be the most conservative , and also the ones that have huge payrolls . 大家要是看一看世界各国的政府, 就会发现教育部往往是最保守的, 也是冗员最多的。
conservative:adj.保守的;n.保守派,守旧者; payrolls:n.薪工单(payroll复数);
Everybody thinks they know about education, a lot of culture is built into it as well. 里面所有的人都自以为自己懂教育, 其官场文化积淀甚深。
It's really hard. And so it's certainly the hard road. 这非常难。因此这条路充满艰难险阻。
If you look at the countries, they're pretty geoculturally distributed. 大家再看看这些国家,会发现他们地理位置分布在世界各地。
Have they all agreed? No, not completely; probably Thailand , Brazil and Nigeria are the three that are the most active, and most agreed. 他们都同意了吗？不,还没有完全同意; 可能泰国、巴西和尼日利亚是其中最积极的三个国家, 也最同意这项计划。
Thailand:n.泰国(东南亚国家名); Brazil:n.巴西(拉丁美洲国家);
We're purposely not signing anything with anybody until we actually have the working ones. 我们刻意暂时不跟任何人签署任何协议 我们要等到能工作的样机出来之后再签。
purposely:adv.故意地;蓄意地;
And since I visit each one of those countries within at least every three months, 我几乎每隔三个月就要访问这些国家一次,
I'm just going around the world every three weeks. 这样每三个星期我就要环游世界一圈。
Here's sort of the schedule , and I put at the bottom we might give some away free in two years at this meeting. 这里是我们的大体计划, 在最下面我说两年后在TED大会上我可能发放一些免费的电脑。
schedule:工作计划,日程安排
Everybody says it's a 100 dollar laptop, you can't do it. 大家都说,这个100美元电脑你做不成的。
Well, guess what, we're not. 知道吗？我们确实做不到。
We're coming in probably at 135, to start. Then drift down. 我们现在的价格大约在135美元,然后再逐渐降低。
drift:v.漂移;漂流;飘;缓缓移动;n.趋势;大意;要点;流动;
And that's very important, because so many things hit the market at a price and then drift up. 这一点很重要, 因为市场上有很多因素影响价格,使价格升高。
It's kind of the loss leader, and then as soon as it looks interesting, it can't be afforded , or it can't be scaled out. 要是亏本经营,那么顾客一旦对此感兴趣, 销售者又承受不了了,那样就无法形成规模了。
as soon as:一…就; afforded:vt.给予,提供;买得起; scaled:adj.有鳞的; v.刮去鳞片;
So we're targeting 50 dollars in 2010. 我们的目标是到2010年使价格降到50美元。
The gray market's a big issue. And one of the ways -- just one -- but one of the ways to help in the case of the gray market is to make something that is so utterly unique . 灰市是一个大问题。其中一个办法——只说一种—— 一种对付灰市的办法 是把商品做得非常特殊。
utterly:adv.完全地;绝对地;全然地;彻底地,十足地; unique:adj.独特的,稀罕的;[数]唯一的;n.独一无二的人或物;
It's a little bit like the fact that automobiles -- thousands of automobiles are stolen every day in the United States; not one single post office truck is stolen. OK. And why? 这有点像汽车—— 在美国,每天都有数千辆汽车被盗, 但是没有一辆邮车被盗。为什么？
automobiles:n.[车辆]汽车,发动器(automobile复数);关于汽车; United:adj.联合的; v.联合,团结; (unite的过去分词和过去式) post office:邮局
Because there's no market for post office trucks. 因为没有邮车销赃的市场。
It looks like a post office truck. 它看起来就像邮车。
You can spray paint it; you can do anything you want. 你可以重新喷漆,可以想尽办法改装,但它就是像邮车。
spray paint:vt.喷漆;
I just learned recently: in South Africa, no white Volvos are stolen. 最近我刚了解到:在南非,从没有人偷白色沃尔沃。
Period. None. Zero. 一个也没有。零记录。
So we want to make it very much like a white Volvo. 因此我们想把我们的笔记本电脑做得像白色沃尔沃。
Each government has a task force . This perhaps is less interesting, but we're trying to get the governments to all work together, and it's not easy. 每个政府都个行动小组。这一点可能让人不那么感兴趣, 但是我们力图让所有的政府都协同工作,这一点很难。
task force:工作小组;
The economics of this is to start with the federal governments, and then later to go to other -- 我们项目的经营目标是从中央政府开始, 然后再推进到其他领域——
- whether it's child-to-child funding , so a child in this country buys one for a child in the developing world, maybe of the same gender , maybe of the same age. ——比如儿童之间结对子互帮互助, 这个国家的某个儿童可以购买了捐给第三世界国家的一个儿童, 结对子可以是同性别的,也可以是同龄的。
funding:n.基金;资金;提供资金;v.为…提供资金;拨款给;(fund的现在分词) gender:n.性别;
An uncle gives a niece or a nephew that as a birthday present. 也可以是叔叔给侄子侄女买个生日礼物。
niece:n.外甥女,侄女;
I mean, there are all sorts of things that will happen, and they'll be very, very exciting. 有各种各样的形式。 这些形式都会很吸引人。
And everybody says -- I say -- it's an education project; are we providing the software? 每个人都说——是我说——这是一个教育项目。 我们是否提供软件？
The answer is, the system certainly has software, but no, we're not providing the education content . 回答是,系统本身带有软件, 但是我们不会提供教育内容。
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
That is really done in the countries. 这个由各个国家来做。
But we are certainly constructionists. 但我们显然是建设者。
And we certainly believe in learning by doing, and everything from Logo , which was started in 1968, to more modern things like Scratch , if you've ever even heard of it, are very, very much part of it. 我们相信通过做可以学, 比如1968年开始的Logo, 一直到更现代的Scratch之类的东西,要是大家听说过的话, 也是这其中的一部分。
Logo:n.标志; Scratch:n.擦伤; adj.打草稿用的; v.抓;
And that's the rollout . 这是首次展示。
rollout:n.首次展示;[航]滑跑(飞机着陆时在跑道上滑跑减速的阶段);
Are we dreaming? Is this real? It actually is real. 我们在做梦吗？这是真的吗？这确实是真的。
The only criticism , and people really don't want to criticize this, because it is a humanitarian effort, it is a nonprofit effort, and to criticize it is a little bit stupid, actually. (Laughter) 惟一的批评,而且人们真的不想批评这件事, 因为这是一项人道主义项目,是一个非赢利工作, 批评这件事显得不够明智。
criticism:n.批评;批判;评论;指责; criticize:v.批评;批判;挑剔;指责;评论;评价; humanitarian:adj.人道主义的;博爱的;基督凡人论的;n.人道主义者;基督凡人论者;
But the one thing that people could criticize was, great idea, but these guys can't do it. 但是有一件事人们确实会批评, 那就是,想法不错,但这些人做不成。
And that could either mean these guys, professors and so on couldn't do it, or that it's not possible. 这里的意思可以是这些人,这些秀才教授们成不了事, 或者是这件事本身不可能做到。
Well, on December 12, a company called Quanta agreed to build it, and since they make about one-third of all the laptops on the planet today, that question disappeared . 12月12号,广达电脑公司同意制造这款电脑, 全球三分之一的笔记本电脑都是这家公司生产的, 因此上面的问题也就不存在了。
Quanta:n.量;量子(quantum的复数);额; disappeared:adj.消失的;消失了的;v.消失,失踪;(disappear的过去式和过去分词)
So it's not a matter of whether it's going to happen. It is going to happen. 因此这不再是它能否做成的问题。它马上就能做成。
And if it comes out at 138 dollars, so what? 假如它的价格在138美元,那又怎样？
If it comes out six months late, so what? 假如它晚了半年才发布,那又怎样？
That's a pretty soft landing. Thank you. 这是一个漂亮的软着陆。谢谢各位。
(Applause) （掌声）