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NicMarks_2010G-_全球幸福指数_
Martin Luther King did not say, "I have a nightmare ," 马丁·路德·金 在他推动民权运动的时候 不是说:
nightmare:n.恶梦;梦魇般的经历;adj.可怕的;噩梦似的;
when he inspired the civil rights movements. 我有一个恶梦 。
inspired:adj.受到启发的; v.鼓舞; (inspire的过去分词和过去式) civil rights:na.公民权;
He said, "I have a dream." 他说的是: 我有一个梦想。
And I have a dream. 而我也有一个梦想.
I have a dream that we can stop thinking that the future will be a nightmare, and this is going to be a challenge, because, if you think of every major blockbusting film of recent times, nearly all of its visions for humanity are apocalyptic . 我的梦想是我们不再觉得 未来会是一场恶梦。 这对我们来说是一个挑战, 因为, 如果你回想 一下最近所有的关于人类未来的大片, 几乎所有对人类未来的景象 都是灾难性的。
visions:n.愿景; v.想像; humanity:n.人类;人道;仁慈;人文学科; apocalyptic:adj.启示录的;天启的;
I think this film is one of the hardest watches of modern times, "The Road." 我觉得 末日危途(The Road) 是让人看了最难过的一部电影。
It's a beautiful piece of filmmaking , but everything is desolate , everything is dead. 从电影拍摄的角度来说,它的制作非常优美, 但是一切都是那么的荒凉, 所有的东西都是死的。
filmmaking:n.制片,电影摄制; desolate:adj.荒凉的;无人烟的;vt.使荒凉;使孤寂;
And just a father and son trying to survive, walking along the road. 只有一对父子 努力的生存下去,在路上走着。
And I think the environmental movement of which I am a part of has been complicit in creating this vision of the future. 而我也觉得环保运动, 这个我自己也参与的运动, 一直在推波助澜 地制造这这么一种未来的景象。
complicit:adj.有同谋关系的,串通一气的;
For too long, we have peddled a nightmarish vision of what's going to happen. 在太长的一段时间里, 我们兜售着一个噩梦般的景象 来描述将要发生的一切。
peddled:vt.叫卖;兜售;散播;vi.沿街叫卖;忙于琐事; nightmarish:adj.可怕的;恶梦似的;不愉快的;
We have focused on the worst-case scenario . 我们一直把注意力集中在最坏的情况上.
worst-case:adj.作最坏打算的;最糟情况的; scenario:n.方案;情节;剧本;
We have focused on the problems. 我们一直把注意力集中在问题上.
And we have not thought enough about the solutions. 而我们没有认真地思考 怎么解决这些问题。
We've used fear, if you like, to grab people's attention. 可以说,我们在使用恐惧 来吸引人们的注意力.
grab:v.攫取;霸占;将…深深吸引;n.攫取;霸占;夺取之物;
And any psychologist will tell you that fear in the organism is linked to flight mechanism . 而任何心理学家都会告诉你 恐惧感在生命体里 是和逃跑机制挂钩的.
psychologist:n.心理学家,心理学者; organism:n.生物;有机体;有机组织;(尤指)微生物; mechanism:n.机制;原理,途径;进程;机械装置;技巧;
It's part of the fight and flight mechanism, that when an animal is frightened -- think of a deer. 这是当一只动物感受到恐惧的时候 决定是战斗还是逃跑的生物系统的一部分-- 想象一只鹿.
frightened:adj.害怕的;受惊的;惊吓的;v.使惊吓;使惊恐;(frighten的过去分词和过去式)
A deer freezes very, very still, poised to run away. 一只鹿会停下来一动不动, 做好逃跑的准备。
poised:adj.摆好姿势准备行动的; v.保持(某种姿势);
And I think that's what we're doing when we're asking people to engage with our agenda around environmental degradation and climate change. 而我想这正是我们所做的, 当我们要求人们加入到我们的 关于环境破坏和气候改变的计划的时候。
engage:v.吸引,占用;使参加;雇佣;使订婚;预定; agenda:n.议事日程; degradation:n.退化;降格,降级;堕落;
People are freezing and running away because we're using fear. 人们停下来,然后准备逃跑, 因为我们在用恐惧作为工具。
And I think the environmental movement has to grow up and start to think about what progress is. 我认为环保运动应该成熟起来, 开始思考 我们所谓的进步是什么意思。
What would it be like to be improving the human lot? 怎样才算改善全人类的生活?
improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词)
And one of the problems that we face, I think, is that the only people that have cornered the market in terms of progress is a financial definition of what progress is, an economic definition of what progress is -- that somehow , if we get the right numbers to go up, we're going to be better off, whether that's on the stock market , whether that's with GDP and economic growth, that somehow life is going to get better. 我认为我们面对的问题之一, 是那些操纵了市场的人: 在定义进步的时候 是用金钱来定义进步, 是用经济来定义进步 -- 他们说,通过某些办法, 只要我们让某些恰当的项目的数值增加, 那么我们就会好起来。 无论是股市也好, 国民生产总值也好, 或者经济增长也好, 只要是增长,生活就会好起来。
financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; definition:n.定义;清晰度;(尤指词典里的词或短语的)释义;解释; economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; somehow:adv.以某种方法;莫名其妙地; stock market:股票市场;证券市场;股票交易;
This is somehow appealing to human greed instead of fear -- that more is better. 这从某种角度是符合人类的贪欲 而不是恐惧 -- 觉得越多越好。
appealing:adj.吸引人的; v.呼吁; (appeal的现在分词) greed:n.贪婪,贪心;
Come on. In the Western world, we have enough. 其实,在西方世界,我们拥有的够多了.
Maybe some parts of the world don't, but we have enough. 也许世界上的一些地方在物质上还缺乏,但我们拥有的已经够多了.
And we've know for a long time that this is not a good measure of the welfare of nations. 而我们也早就知道了这并不是一个好的衡量 国家的福利的标准。
welfare:n.福祉;(政府给予的)福利;
In fact, the architect of our national accounting system, 事实上,我们的会计制度的设计师,
architect:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;
Simon Kuznets, in the 1930s, said that, "A nation's welfare can scarcely be inferred from their national income." 西蒙·库兹涅茨在1930年代 就说过, 一个国家的福利 是难以从这个国家的收入来推断的.
scarcely:adv.几乎不,简直不;简直没有; inferred:adj.推论的;推测出的;v.推测(infer的过去分词);
But we've created a national accounting system which is firmly based on production and producing stuff . 但是我们创造的这个会计系统 却是牢牢地建立在生产力 和生产东西之上的。
stuff:n.东西:物品:基本特征:v.填满:装满:标本:
And indeed, this is probably historical , and it had its time. 确实,也许在历史上这个生产力标准也有它适用的时候。
historical:adj.历史的;史学的;基于史实的;
In the second World War, we needed to produce a lot of stuff. 在二战的年代,我们必须生产很多东西。
And indeed, we were so successful at producing certain types of stuff that we destroyed a lot of Europe, and we had to rebuild it afterwards. 确实,我们以前在生产某些东西上是多么的成功, 以至于我们摧毁了欧洲的很大一部分,然后又不得不进行重建.
And so our national accounting system became fixated on what we can produce. 所以我们的国家核算制度 就只计算我们所能生产的东西了。
fixated:adj.念念不忘的;稳固关系的;v.使固定下来;注视(fixate的过去分词);
But as early as 1968, this visionary man, Robert Kennedy, at the start of his ill-fated presidential campaign, gave the most eloquent deconstruction of gross national product that ever has been. 但早在1968年, 这位卓有远见的人, 罗伯特.肯尼迪 在开始他没有成功的总统竞选的时候 对国民生产总值这个标准 进行了史无前例的 最有力的抨击。
visionary:adj.梦想的;幻影的;n.空想家;梦想者;有眼力的人; ill-fated:adj.不幸的;恶运的; presidential:adj.总统的;首长的;统辖的; eloquent:adj.意味深长的;雄辩的,有口才的;有说服力的;动人的; deconstruction:n.解构;拆析; gross national product:na.国民总产值;
And he finished his talk with the phrase, that, "The gross national product measures everything except that which makes life worthwhile ." 他用以下这段话结束了他的演讲, 他说: 国民生产总值 衡量了所有的东西,唯独没有衡量的 是那些使生命真正有价值的东西。
worthwhile:adj.值得做的,值得花时间的;
How crazy is that? That our measure of progress, our dominant measure of progress in society, is measuring everything except that which makes life worthwhile? 是不是很荒唐? 这个我们衡量增长的标准, 我们衡量社会进步的最重要的标准, 衡量一切, 唯独不衡量让生命有意义的东西?
dominant:adj.显性的;占优势的;支配的,统治的;n.显性;
I believe, if Kennedy was alive today, he would be asking statisticians such as myself to go out and find out what makes life worthwhile. 我相信, 如果肯尼迪今天还在世, 他一定会要求我们这些统计学家 到社会中去,去找到 到底是什么让生命有价值。
statisticians:n.统计学家,统计员;
He'd be asking us to redesign our national accounting system to be based upon such important things as social justice , sustainability and people's well-being . 他会要求我们重新设计 我们的国家核算系统, 让它建立在 那些重要的东西上, 例如社会的公正和正义, 可持续性, 还有人民的幸福感。
redesign:vt.重新设计;n.重新设计;新设计; justice:n.公平;公正;司法制度;审判; sustainability:n.持续性;永续性;能维持性; well-being:n.幸福;康乐;
And actually, social scientists have already gone out and asked these questions around the world. 而实际上,社会科学家们已经开始 在世界各地问这些问题。
This is from a global survey . 这是一个全球性的调查.
global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; survey:n.调查;测量;审视;纵览;vt.调查;勘测;俯瞰;vi.测量土地;
It's asking people, what do they want. 它问人们,他们想要什么。
And unsurprisingly , people all around the world say that what they want is happiness, for themselves, for their families, their children, their communities . 不足为奇地,世界各地的人们 说他们所要的 是幸福和快乐, 他们自己的, 他们家庭的, 他们孩子的, 他们社区的幸福和快乐.
unsurprisingly:adv.不出所料的;不出奇的;意料中的; communities:n.社区;社会;团体;共有(community的复数)
Okay, they think money is slightly important. 不错, 他们觉得金钱有一点重要,.
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
It's there, but it's not nearly as important as happiness, and it's not nearly as important as love. 这是事实, 但是它跟幸福相比是微不足道的, 它跟爱相比也是微不足道的。
We all need to love and be loved in life. 我们在人生中都需要爱和被爱。
It's not nearly as important as health. 金钱跟健康相比也是微不足道的。
We want to be healthy and live a full life. 我们都想要健康地过圆满的一生.
These seem to be natural human aspirations . 这些都是人类天生的渴望。
aspirations:n.愿望;
Why are statisticians not measuring these? 为什么统计学家们没有去衡量这些东西呢?
Why are we not thinking of the progress of nations in these terms, instead of just how much stuff we have? 为什么我们不从这些角度来考虑国家的进步 而不是只计算我们有多少物质呢?
And really, this is what I've done with my adult life -- is think about how do we measure happiness, how do we measure well-being, how can we do that within environmental limits. 确实, 这是我成年后一直在做的-- 就是思考我们怎么样来衡量快乐和幸福, 怎么样来衡量满足和惬意, 我们怎样在不过度破坏环境的前提下做到这点。
And we created, at the organization that I work for, the New Economics Foundation , something we call the Happy Planet Index , because we think people should be happy and the planet should be happy. 在我上班的地方, 新经济基金会,我们提出了 一个我们称之为全球幸福指数的指标, 因为我们认为人们应该快乐而整个地球也应该快乐。
organization:n.组织;机构;体制;团体; Foundation:n.基础;地基;基金会;根据;创立; Index:n.指标;指数;索引;指针;v.做索引;指出;编入索引中;
Why don't we create a measure of progress that shows that? 为什么我们不建立一个指标来衡量这方面的进步呢?
And what we do, is we say that the ultimate outcome of a nation is how successful is it at creating happy and healthy lives for its citizens. 而我们所做的, 就是我们指出衡量一个国家的最终指标 是它能多成功地 为它的公民带来快乐而健康的生活。
ultimate:adj.最终的;极限的;根本的;n.终极;根本;基本原则; outcome:n.结果,结局;成果;
That should be the goal of every nation on the planet. 这个目标应该是 世界上每个国家的目标。
But we have to remember that there's a fundamental input to that, and that is how many of the planet's resources we use. 但我们必须要记住 它有一个最基本的元素, 而那就是我们使用了地球上多少的资源。
fundamental:n.基础; adj.十分重大的; input:n.投入; v.把(数据等)输入计算机; resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数);
We all have one planet. We all have to share it. 我们只有一个地球,我们都需要分享它.
It is the ultimate scarce resource, the one planet that we share. 这个我们共享的星球 是我们的终极稀有资源。
And economics is very interested in scarcity . 经济学对稀有的东西是非常感兴趣的。
scarcity:n.不足;缺乏;
When it has a scarce resource that it wants to turn into a desirable outcome, it thinks in terms of efficiency . 当它有一个稀有资源 而它要把其变成 一个合意的结果, 它会从效率上来考虑问题.
desirable:adj.令人满意的;值得要的;n.合意的人或事物; efficiency:n.效率;效能;功效;
It thinks in terms of how much bang do we get for our buck . 它会考虑我们要为我们的所得付出多少.
bang:n.猛敲; v.猛敲; v.正好; buck:n.(美)钱,元;雄鹿;纨绔子弟;年轻的印第安人或黑人;
And this is a measure of how much well-being we get for our planetary resource use. 而这个标准衡量我们可以通过消耗多少地球资源 来换取多少幸福。
planetary:adj.行星的;
It is an efficiency measure. 这是一个衡量效率的标准.
And probably the easiest way to show you that, is to show you this graph. 也许最容易说清楚的办法 是看这个图。
Running horizontally along the graph, is " ecological footprint ," 这个图的横坐标 是 生态脚印,
horizontally:adv.水平地;地平地; ecological:adj.生态的,生态学的; footprint:n.足迹;脚印;
which is a measure of how much resources we use and how much pressure we put on the planet. 这是一个衡量我们使用多少自然资源 和我们给地球多少压力的标准。
More is bad. 这个指标越高越不好.
Running vertically upwards , is a measure called "happy life years." 往上走的纵坐标, 是一个叫 快乐生命年数 的标准.
vertically:adv.垂直地; upwards:adv.向上;在上部;向上游;
It's about the well-being of nations. 这是一个关于国家幸福度的标准.
It's like a happiness adjusted life-expectancy . 它是一个根据幸福度做过调整的寿命期望值,
adjusted:adj.调整过的,调节了的;v.调整;校正(adjust的过去分词); life-expectancy:预期寿命;
It's like quality and quantity of life in nations. 象征着各个国家的生命质量和数量。
quantity:n.量;数量;大量;数额;
And the yellow dot there you see, is the global average. 那个黄点,是全球的平均值。
Now, there's a huge array of nations around that global average. 现在, 那里有很多国家 在全球平均值附近.
array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮;
To the top right of the graph, are countries which are doing reasonably well and producing well-being, but they're using a lot of planet to get there. 在这个图 的右上角, 是一些提供幸福生活上做得比较好的国家, 但代价是他们用了地球很多的资源。
reasonably:adv.合理地;相当地;适度地;
They are the U.S.A., other Western countries going across in those triangles and a few Gulf states in there actually. 包括美国, 其他一些在那些三角形上的西方国家, 还有几个波斯湾的国家。
triangles:n.[数]三角形,三角型态(triangle的复数形式); Gulf:n.海湾;深渊;分歧;漩涡;vt.吞没;
Conversely , at the bottom left of the graph, are countries that are not producing much well-being -- typically , sub-Saharan Africa. 相反地, 在这个图的左下方, 是那些没有提供多少幸福生活的国家-- 典型的便是非洲沙哈拉以南的国家.
Conversely:adv.相反地; typically:adv.代表性地;作为特色地; sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区;
In Hobbesian terms, life is short and brutish there. 用托马斯·霍布斯(Thomas Hobbes)的说法, 那里的生命是短暂而又粗野的.
brutish:adj.粗野的;残忍的;野兽般的;
The average life expectancy in many of these countries is only 40 years. 在很多这些国家的人均寿命 只有40岁。
life expectancy:预期寿命;
Malaria , HIV/AIDS are killing a lot of people in these regions of the world. 疟疾, 艾滋病 夺走了那些地区的 很多生命。
Malaria:n.[内科]疟疾;瘴气; regions:n.地区;地域;行政区;左近;(region的复数)
But now for the good news! 现在给大家一点好消息!
There are some countries up there, yellow triangles, that are doing better than global average, that are heading up towards the top left of the graph. 在这上面的一些国家,那些黄色的三角形, 做得比全球平均值好, 在向这个图的左上角移动。
This is an aspirational graph. 这是一个让人鼓舞的图像.
aspirational:adj.有雄心壮志的;(生活形态等)梦寐以求的;n.成功指南;处世自助手册;
We want to be top left, where good lives don't cost the earth. 我们要达到图的左上方, 在那里好的生活并不会消耗地球太多资源.
They're Latin American. 那些是拉丁美洲国家.
Latin:adj.拉丁语的;用拉丁语写成的;n.拉丁语;
The country on its own up at the top is a place I haven't been to. 那个在图的上方独占鳌头的国家 是一个我没去过的地方.
Maybe some of you have. 也许你们当中的一些人去过那里.
Costa Rica. 哥斯达黎加.
Costa:n.[解剖]肋骨;叶脉;[昆]前缘脉;
Costa Rica -- average life expectancy is 78-and-a-half years. 哥斯达黎加-- 人均寿命是78.5岁.
That is longer than in the USA. 这比美国要长.
They are, according to the latest Gallup world poll , the happiest nation on the planet -- than anybody; more than Switzerland and Denmark. 根据最新盖洛普（Gallup）全球民意调查,他们 是地球上最快乐的国家-- 他们比谁都快乐,比瑞士和丹麦都更快乐.
according to:根据,据说; Gallup:vi.进行民意测验;vt.对…进行民意测验; poll:n.投票; v.获得(票数); adj.当事人一方作成的;
They are the happiest place. 他们是最快乐的地方.
They are doing that on a quarter of the resources that are used typically in [the] Western world -- a quarter of the resources. 但是他们只使用了 典型的西方世界所用资源的 四分之一, 只用四分之一的资源。
What's going on there? 那怎么回事呢?
What's happening in Costa Rica? 哥斯达黎加有什么不同?
We can look at some of the data. 我们可以看看一些数据.
99 percent of their electricity comes from renewable resources. 他们的电力99%来自可再生能源.
electricity:n.电力;电流;强烈的紧张情绪; renewable:adj.可再生的;可更新的;可继续的;n.再生性能源;
Their government is one of the first to commit to be carbon neutral by 2021. 他们的政府是最早承诺 在2021年之前做到碳中和的政府之一.
commit:v.犯(罪等);干(坏事等);[法]提(审);判处; carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; neutral:n.中立国; adj.中立的;
They abolished the army in 1949 -- 1949. 他们在1949年 取消了军队, 1949 年。
abolished:adj.废除的;v.彻底废除;摧毁(abolish的过去分词);
And they invested in social programs -- health and education. 他们在社会项目上投资, 健康和教育。
invested:v.投资;投入;(invest的过去分词和过去式)
They have one of the highest literacy rates in Latin America and in the world. 他们有着在拉丁美洲甚至全世界 最高的识字率。
literacy:n.读写能力;精通文学; Latin America:n.拉丁美洲(以西班牙语或葡萄牙语为主要语言的美洲地区);
And they have that Latin vibe , don't they. 而他们也有着那拉丁的韵律, 对吧,
vibe:n.气氛,氛围;
They have the social connectedness . 他们有着社会人际网。
connectedness:n.[数]连通性;
(Laughter) (笑声)
The challenge is, that possibly -- and the thing we might have to think about -- is that the future might not be North American, might not be Western European. 这其中的挑战在于,也许还有我们可能要考虑到的-- 就是我们未来的学习的榜样 也许不是北美洲, 也许不是西欧.
It might be Latin American. 也许是拉丁美洲.
And the challenge, really, is to pull the global average up here. 而真正的挑战在于, 把全球平均值提升到这里.
That's what we need to do. 这就是我们必须做到的.
And if we're going to do that, we need to pull countries from the bottom, and we need to pull countries from the right of the graph. 如果我们要做到这点, 我们需要把在底部的国家拉上来, 而我们也需要把在图的右边的国家拉过来左边.
And then we're starting to create a happy planet. 那么我们就是在开始创建一个快乐的地球.
That's one way of looking at it. 这是看待这件事的一个方法.
Another way of looking at it is looking at time trends . 另外一个看待这个幸福地球理论的方法是看历史发展趋势。
trends:n.趋势;倾向;动态;动向;(trend的第三人称单数和复数)
We don't have good data going back for every country in the world, but for some of the richest countries, the OECD group, we do. 我们没有好的数据来追溯世界上的每个国家, 但是我们有世界经贸合作组织中一些富有的国家的数据。
And this is the trend in well-being over that time, a small increase, but this is the trend in ecological footprint. 而这正是那个时代追求幸福指数的历史趋势, 是一个小的进步, 但这是生态脚印的催势,
And so in strict happy-planet methodology , we've become less efficient at turning our ultimate scarce resource into the outcome we want to. 所以从严格的快乐地球的方法论的角度, 我们在把稀有资源转化为 我们想要的产出这方面来说, 变得效率更低了。
methodology:n.方法学,方法论; efficient:adj.有效率的;有能力的;生效的;
And the point really is, is that I think, probably everybody in this room would like society to get to 2050 without an apocalyptic something happening. 这其中的要点是,我想, 也许在这个会场里的每一个人 都希望我们的社会在到达2050年的时候 不会出现世界末日 的某种景象。
It's actually not very long away. 这其实离我们并不是很遥远.
It's half a human lifetime away. 这只是一个人寿命的一半。
A child entering school today will be my age in 2050. 一个现在开始上学的孩子 在2050年的时候会跟我现在同龄.
This is not the very distant future. 这并不是遥远的将来.
distant:adj.遥远的;远处的;久远的;
This is what the U.K. government target on carbon and greenhouse emissions looks like. 这是根据英国政府 在碳排放和温室气体排放的目标来制作的图像。
greenhouse:n.温室;暖房; emissions:n.(光、热、气等的)发出,排放;排放物;散发物;(emission的复数)
And I put it to you, that is not business as usual . 我跟你们说, 这不是舞照跳马照跑.
business as usual:na.照常营业;
That is changing our business. 这意味着我们必须改变做事方式,
That is changing the way we create our organizations , we do our government policy and we live our lives. 意味着我们必须改变我们创建组织的方式, 行政的方式, 还有生活方式。
organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; policy:n.政策,方针;保险单;
And the point is, we need to carry on increasing well-being. 其要点在于, 我们必须继续调高生活的幸福度.
No one can go to the polls and say that quality of life is going to reduce. 没有一个去投票的人 会说生活的质量将要下降。
polls:n.民意调查; v.对…进行民意测验,使投票(poll的单三形式);
None of us, I think, want human progress to stop. 我相信没有人 会希望人类停止进步。
I think we want it to carry on. 我想我们都希望这些进步能继续下去.
I think we want the lot of humanity to keep on increasing. 我觉得我们都希望人类能够变得更加美好。
And I think this is where climate change skeptics and deniers come in. 我觉得这正是为什么会有对气候变化质疑和否定的人.
skeptics:n.疑论者,怀疑主义者(skeptic的复数形式); deniers:n.否认者;极微量;极少量的金额;法国旧银币;
I think this is what they want. They want quality of life to keep increasing. 我想这是他们所要的, 他们要生活水平继续提高.
They want to hold on to what they've got. 他们要保留住他们所有的东西.
hold on to:坚持;紧握;克制;
And if we're going to engage them, 如果我们要把他们笼络进来,
I think that's what we've got to do. 那些就是我们需要满足他们的。
And that means we have to really increase efficiency even more. 这就意味着我们真的需要更进一步的提高我们的效率。
Now that's all very easy to draw graphs and things like that, but the point is we need to turn those curves . 制作一些图表或者类似的东西很容易, 但是要点是我们要把那些曲线转过来.
curves:n.曲线; v.(使)沿曲线运动; (curve的第三人称单数和复数)
And this is where I think we can take a leaf out of systems theory, systems engineers, where they create feedback loops , put the right information at the right point of time. 这是我觉得我们应该向 系统理论和系统工程师学习的地方, 他们制造出反馈回路, 在恰当的时间反馈正确的信息。
feedback:n.反馈;反馈意见;回授;[电子]反馈; loops:n.[计]循环(loop复数); v.使...成环,以圈结,以环连结(loop的第三人称单数形式);
Human beings are very motivated by the "now." 人很容易对 马上可以看到的东西 作出反应。
motivated:adj.有动机的; v.使产生动机;
You put a smart meter in your home, and you see how much electricity you're using right now, how much it's costing you, your kids go around and turn the lights off pretty quickly. 比如你放一个智能电表在家里, 当你看到电表显示你正在用多少电, 告诉你花掉多少钱的时候, 你的小孩会很快的去把灯关掉。
What would that look like for society? 这样的东西应用在社会上会怎么样呢?
Why is it, on the radio news every evening, 为什么每天晚上的新闻
I hear the FTSE 100, the Dow Jones, the dollar pound ratio -- 我都听到伦敦金融时报100指数,道琼斯工业指数, 美元对英镑的汇率 --
I don't even know which way the dollar pound ratio should go to be good news. 我都不知道美元对英镑的汇率到底谁高算是好消息。
And why do I hear that? 为什么我们要听到这些呢?
Why don't I hear how much energy Britain used yesterday, or American used yesterday? 为什么我没有听到英国昨天用了多少能源, 或者美国昨天用了多少?
Did we meet our three percent annual target on reducing carbon emissions? 我们有没有达到减少废气排放 百分之三的的年度指标?
annual:n.年报;年鉴;年刊;adj.每年的;年度的;一年的;
That's how you create a collective goal. 这是设立一个共同目标的方法。
collective:adj.集体的;共同的;集合的;集体主义的;n.集团;集合体;集合名词;
You put it out there into the media and start thinking about it. 你把它交给媒体然后开始思考.
media:n.媒体;媒质(medium的复数);血管中层;浊塞音;中脉;
And we need positive feedback loops for increasing well-being 而我们需要积极的反馈回路 来提高幸福度。
positive:adj.积极的;[数]正的,[医][化学]阳性的;确定的;n.正数;[摄]正片;
At a government level, they might create national accounts of well-being. 在政府层面,他们可以建立国家级的幸福统计指数.
At a business level, you might look at the well-being of your employees, which we know is really linked to creativity, which is linked to innovation , and we're going to need a lot of innovation to deal with those environmental issues. 在商业层面, 你可以看你的员工是否幸福快乐, 我们知道这是和创造力直接相关的, 也是很能鼓励创新的。 而我们将需要很多创新来面对种种环境问题.
innovation:n.创新,革新;新方法;
At a personal level, we need these nudges too. 从个人的角度, 我们也需要这些提示.
personal:adj.个人的;身体的;亲自的;n.人事消息栏;人称代名词; nudges:轻推;说服;轻轻的推动;好言说服;轻轻地推动;
Maybe we don't quite need the data, but we need reminders . 也许我们不是那么需要这些数据,但我们需要提醒.
reminders:n.引起回忆的事物;提醒人的事物;通知单,提示信;(reminder的复数)
In the U.K., we have a strong public health message on five fruit and vegetables a day and how much exercise we should do -- never my best thing. 在英国,我们有一个很强的关于大众健康的提醒信息, 每天吃五份水果和蔬菜, 还有我们要做多少锻炼 -- 我自己不是很擅长这个.
What are these for happiness? 对于快乐,我们能从中得到什么启示？
What are the five things that you should do every day to be happier? 有没有哪五件事我们每天都应该做 来变得更幸福快乐呢?
We did a project for the Government Office of Science a couple of years ago, a big program called the Foresight program -- lots and lots of people -- involved lots of experts -- everything evidence based -- a huge tome . 几年前我们为政府的科技办做了个项目, 一个很大的叫 远虑 (Foresight) 的项目 -- 很多很多的人-- 包括很多的专家 -- 一切结论都是有证据的 -- 一部巨著.
Foresight:n.先见,远见;预见;深谋远虑; involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词) evidence:n.证据,证明;迹象;明显;v.证明; tome:n.册;大本书;
But a piece of work we did was on: what five positive actions can you do to improve well-being in your life? 我们所做的那一部分是: 你可以做哪五件积极的事来 让你的生命更幸福?
improve:v.改进;改善;
And the point of these is they are, not quite, the secrets of happiness, but they are things that I think happiness will flow out the side from. 这其中的要点是 它们是,不能完全说是,关于幸福的秘密, 但我觉得快乐会从那些积极的行动中自然而然地产生。
And the first of these is to connect, is that your social relationships are the most important cornerstones of your life. 第一个行动是:与人保持联系, 就是你的社会关系, 是你生命里最重要的基石。
cornerstones:n.基础;
Do you invest the time with your loved ones that you could do, and energy? 你在你所关爱的人身上花了 你能花的时间与精力了吗?
Keep building them. 你要不断的建设和维护这些关系。
The second one is be active. 第二点是:保持活跃。
The fastest way out of a bad mood : step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance. 摆脱坏心情的最快的方法就是: 走出去,散一个步, 打开收音机来跳个舞.
mood:n.情绪,语气;心境;气氛;
Being active is great for our positive mood. 保持活跃对维持美好心情是很有帮助的.
The third one is take notice. 第三点:关心周围。
How aware are you of things going on around the world, the seasons changing, people around you? 你关心这世界上发生的事吗, 你注意到四季的转换,还有你身边的人吗?
Do you notice what's bubbling up for you and trying to emerge ? 你注意到你身边有什么东西在酝酿中,而快要发生吗?
bubbling:v.起泡;冒泡;洋溢着(某种感情);(bubble的现在分词) emerge:v.浮现;显现;暴露;露出真相;
Based on a lot of evidence for mindfulness , cognitive behavioral therapy , 根据很多研究意念的证据, 感知行为心理学,
mindfulness:n.留心,警觉; cognitive:adj.认知的,认识的; behavioral:adj.行为的; therapy:n.治疗,疗法;
[very] strong for our well being. 这对我们的身心健康是很有影响的。
The fourth is keep learning and keep is important -- learning throughout the whole life course. 第四点是:不断学习。 而坚持是很重要的 -- 活到老,学到老。
throughout:adv.自始至终,到处;全部;prep.贯穿,遍及;
Older people who keep learning and are curious , they have much better health outcomes than those who start to close down . 坚持学习的老人他们有好奇心, 他们的健康状况比那些闭塞的老人要好得多.
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; outcomes:n.结果;成果;后果;出路;(outcome的复数) close down:关闭;停止播音;
But it doesn't have to be formal learning; it's not knowledge based. 但这不需要是正式的学习; 它不是以学习知识为目的。
formal:adj.适合正式场合的; n.(美)须穿礼服的社交集会; (口)夜礼服;
It's more curiosity . 更重要的是保持好奇心。
curiosity:n.好奇,好奇心;珍品,古董,古玩;
It can be learning to cook a new dish, picking up an instrument you forgot as a child. 这可以是学煮一份新菜式, 重温你小时候玩过的已经忘记的乐器。
instrument:n.仪器;工具;乐器;手段;器械;
Keep learning. 坚持学习。
And the final one is that most anti-economic of activities, but give. 最后一点, 是经济学上最不能理解的事, 那就是:给予和付出。
Our generosity , our altruism , our compassion , are all hardwired to the reward mechanism in our brain. 我们的慷慨,舍己为人, 同情, 都是我们天生就有, 直接和我们脑袋里面的奖励机制相连的。
generosity:n.慷慨,大方;宽宏大量; altruism:n.利他;利他主义; compassion:n.同情;怜悯; hardwired:adj.电路的; reward:n.[劳经]报酬;报答;酬谢;v.[劳经]奖励;奖赏;
We feel good if we give. 当我们给予的时候我们会感觉很好。
You can do an experiment where you give two groups of people a hundred dollars in the morning. 你可以做一个实验, 在早上你给 两组人每人一百美元。
You tell one of them to spend it on themselves and one on other people. 你让其中一组人把钱花在他们自己身上 然后让另外一组人把钱花在别人身上.
You measure their happiness at the end of the day, those that have gone and spent on other people are much happier that those that spent it on themselves. 这天结束的时候你评估他们的快乐度, 那组把钱花在别人身上的人要远比 把钱花在自己身上的人高兴。
And these five ways, which we put onto these handy postcards , 我们把这五个方法 印在这些方便携带的卡片上。
handy:adj.便利的;手边的,就近的;容易取得的;敏捷的; postcards:n.明信片;(postcard的复数)
I would say, don't have to cost the earth. 我要说,这并不消耗地球的资源,
They don't have any carbon content . 因为它们没有任何碳含量。
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
They don't need a lot of material goods to be satisfied . 要做到这些积极的行动并不需要很多物质。
satisfied:adj.满意的:满足的:v.使满意:使满足;(satisfy的过去分词和过去式)
And so I think it's really quite feasible that happiness does not cost the earth. 所以我想这是很可行的, 幸福快乐并不需要牺牲地球。
feasible:adj.可行的;可能的;可实行的;
Now, Martin Luther King, on the eve of his death, gave an incredible speech. 马丁·路德·金 在他去世的前夜, 做了一个让人赞叹的演讲.
on the eve of:在…的前夜; incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的;
He said, "I know there are challenges ahead, there may be trouble ahead, but I fear no one. I don't care. 他说, 我知道前面的路充满了挑战, 也许荆棘满途, 但我谁都不害怕,我不在乎.
I have been to the mountain top, and I have seen the Promised Land ." 我已经到过了顶峰, 我已经看到了乐土.
Promised Land:n.福地;乐土;安乐境界;
Now, he was a preacher , but I believe the environmental movement and, in fact, the business community , government, needs to go to the top of the mountain top, and it needs to look out, and it needs to see the Promised Land, or the land of promise, and it needs to have a vision of a world that we all want. 他是个传教士, 但我相信环保运动 实际上还有商业界, 政府, 也需要走到顶峰, 他们都需要高瞻远瞩, 他们都需要看到那片乐土, 或者说传说中的桃源, 他们都需要有一个 我们都想要的未来世界的远景.
preacher:n.牧师;传教士;鼓吹者; community:n.社区;[生态]群落;共同体;团体;
And not only that , we need to create a Great Transition to get there, and we need to pave that great transition with good things. 不止如此, 我们需要创造一个巨变 来到达那里, 我们也需要在这条巨变的道路上铺满美好的东西.
only that:只是;要不是; Transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; pave:vt.铺设;安排;作铺设之用;
Human beings want to be happy. 人类都想要幸福快乐。
Pave them with the five ways. 用这五个行动来走向幸福吧。
And we need to have signposts gathering people together and pointing them -- something like the Happy Planet Index. 我们还需要路标 来召集人们一起,告诉他们 全球幸福指数这样的东西。
signposts:指示牌(signpost的复数);
And then I believe that we can all create a world we all want, where happiness does not cost the earth. 这样的话,我相信 我们就可以创立一个我们都想要的世界, 一个不需要以消耗地球来达到幸福快乐的世界。
(Applause) (鼓掌)