返回首页

NgoziOkonjoIweala_2007-_非洲的商机_
Thank you very much, Chris. Everybody who came up here said they were scared. I don't know if I'm scared, but this is my first time of addressing an audience like this. 非常感谢克里斯。每位走上讲台的人 都说他们很害怕。我也不清楚我是否害怕, 但我还是第一次像这样面对公众演说。
And I don't have any smart technology for you to look at. 我的演讲中没有智能技术辅助供你们参阅。
technology:n.技术;工艺;术语;
There are no slides, so you'll just have to be content with me. 没有幻灯片,只要你们对我本人感到满意就好。
content:n.内容,目录;满足;容量;adj.满意的;vt.使满足;
(Laughter) 笑
What I want to do this morning is share with you a couple of stories and talk about a different Africa. 我想利用这个上午和大家分享几个故事 并向大家讲述一个不一样的非洲。
Already this morning there were some allusions to the Africa that you hear about all the time: the Africa of HIV/AIDS, the Africa of malaria , the Africa of poverty , the Africa of conflict , and the Africa of disasters . 在此之前有一些事情经常被用来暗指非洲, 就像你们一直听说的那样:非洲的艾滋病毒, 非洲的疟疾,非洲的贫穷,非洲国家的冲突, 以及非洲境内的种种灾难。
allusions:暗指;间接提到;典故;引喻(allusion的名词复数); malaria:n.[内科]疟疾;瘴气; poverty:n.贫困;困难;缺少;低劣; conflict:n.冲突;矛盾;争执;抵触;v.抵触; disasters:n.灾难(disaster的复数);
While it is true that those things are going on, there's an Africa that you don't hear about very much. 这些事情确有发生 但我要介绍的是一个大家不常听闻的非洲。
And sometimes I'm puzzled , and I ask myself why. 有时我也很困惑,常自问这是为什么。
puzzled:adj.困惑的;茫然的;搞糊涂的;
This is the Africa that is changing, that Chris alluded to. 正如克里斯说的,这是一个不断变化着的非洲。
alluded:vi.暗指,转弯抹角地说到;略为提及,顺便提到;
This is the Africa of opportunity. 一个充满机遇的非洲。
This is the Africa where people want to take charge of their own futures and their own destinies . 一个人们想要自己掌握 未来和命运的非洲
take charge of:接管,负责; destinies:n.命运,定数,天命;
And this is the Africa where people are looking for partnerships to do this. That's what I want to talk about today. 一个人们在不断寻求合作,以实现上述目标的非洲。 这正是我今天想要谈的。
partnerships:n.伙伴关系;合伙;(partnership的复数)
And I want to start by telling you a story about that change in Africa. 我想先给大家讲个故事 故事有关非洲的转变。
On 15th of September 2005, Mr. Diepreye Alamieyeseigha, a governor of one of the oil-rich states of Nigeria, was arrested by the London Metropolitan Police on a visit to London. 2005年9月15日,迪普利亚先生 时任尼日利亚一州之长,此州盛产石油 他在伦敦访问期间被伦敦市警察逮捕。
oil-rich:石油藏量丰富的; Metropolitan:adj.大都市的;大主教辖区的;宗主国的;n.大城市人;大主教;宗主国的公民;
He was arrested because there were transfers of 8 million dollars that went into some dormant accounts that belonged to him and his family. 原因是有800万美元巨款 转入他和他家人的 几个休眠账户。
transfers:n.[电子][计]传输(tansfer的复数); v.[计]转移; dormant:adj.休眠的;静止的;睡眠状态的;隐匿的;
This arrest occurred because there was cooperation between the London Metropolitan Police and the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission of Nigeria -- led by one of our most able and courageous people: Mr. Nuhu Ribadu. 这次逮捕行动是 由伦敦市警察 与尼日利亚经济与金融犯罪委员会合作进行的。 上述委员会由我们国家最具才干与勇气的人之一-努胡 利巴杜领导。
occurred:v.发生;出现;存在于;出现在;(occur的过去分词和过去式) cooperation:n.合作;配合; Economic:adj.经济的,经济上的;经济学的; Financial:adj.金融的;财政的,财务的; Commission:n.委员会;佣金;犯;委任;委任状;vt.委任;使服役;委托制作; courageous:adj.有胆量的,勇敢的;
Alamieyeseigha was arraigned in London. 对Alamieyeseigha 的传讯在伦敦进行。
arraigned:v.提讯;提审;控告;(arraign的过去分词和过去式)
Due to some slip-ups , he managed to escape dressed as a woman and ran from London back to Nigeria where, according to our constitution , those in office as governors, president -- as in many countries -- 由于疏忽,他乔装成女人成功逃脱, 从伦敦跑回了尼日利亚。在尼日利亚, 与世界上很多国家一样,我们的宪法规定: 那些在政府任职的,如地方长官,总统这样的官员
slip-ups:n.错误;失误;疏忽; according to:根据,据说; constitution:n.宪法;构成;体质;组成;
have immunity and cannot be prosecuted . But what happened: people were so outraged by this behavior that it was possible for his state legislature to impeach him and get him out of office. 拥有豁免权,可以免于被起诉。但接下来发生的事却是这样的: 当地人民对他的行为很是愤怒, 该州州议会对他进行了弹劾,把他赶下台了
immunity:n.免疫力;豁免权;免除; prosecuted:v.起诉;控告;检举;(prosecute的过去式和过去分词) outraged:adj.义愤填膺的;愤慨的,气愤的;v.使愤怒(outrage的过去式,过去分词); legislature:n.立法机关;立法机构; impeach:v.弹劾;控告(显要公职人员)犯重大罪行;怀疑;
Today, Alams -- as we call him for short -- is in jail . 而现在,我们暂且简单的称其为Alams,他正在监狱服刑。
jail:n.监狱;监牢;拘留所;v.监禁;下狱;
This is a story about the fact that people in Africa are no longer willing to tolerate corruption from their leaders. 这个故事说明,非洲的人民已经不再能够容忍他们领导人的腐败行为了。 已经不再能够容忍他们领导人的腐败行为了。
tolerate:v.容忍;忍受;容许;包容; corruption:n.贪污,腐败;堕落;
This is a story about the fact that people want their resources managed properly for their good, and not taken out to places where they'll benefit just a few of the elite . 这个故事同时也说明,非洲人民希望他们的资源 能够得到合理管理,为他们造福 而不是仅仅让少数精英获利。?
resources:n.[计][环境]资源; v.向…提供资金(resource的第三人称单数); elite:n.精英;精华;杰出人物;
And therefore, when you hear about the corrupt Africa -- corruption all the time -- I want you to know that the people and the governments are trying hard to fight this in some of the countries, and that some successes are emerging . 因此当你们总在听闻非洲的腐败时, 我想要你们知道, 一些国家的人民和政府正在全力打击腐败行为。 并且取得了不错的效果。
emerging:adj.新兴的;v.出现,浮现,露出;暴露;(emerge的现在分词)
Does it mean the problem is over? The answer is no. 这就意味着问题解决了么。答案是否定的。
There's still a long way to go, but that there's a will there. 我们还有很长的路要走,但我们有决心。
And that successes are being chalked up on this very important fight. 在这场重要的打击行动中,我们取得的成功会被记下。
So when you hear about corruption, don't just feel that nothing is being done about this -- that you can't operate in any African country because of the overwhelming corruption. That is not the case. 所以,当你们再听说非洲的腐败时, 请不要再认为我们什么都没做, 不要认为非洲腐败盛行,你们无法在其中任何国家经营事业。 因为事情不是这样的。
overwhelming:adj.势不可挡的; v.压倒; (overwhelm的现在分词)
There's a will to fight, and in many countries, that fight is ongoing and is being won. In others, like mine, where there has been a long history of dictatorship in Nigeria, the fight is ongoing and we have a long way to go. 许多国家立志打击腐败,这场打击行动正在进行并且取得了成功。 在别的地方,像是我的家乡, 一个在尼日利亚有着很长专政历史的地方, 打击行动同样正在进行着,我们今后的路还很长。
ongoing:n.发展; adj.持续存在的; dictatorship:n.专政;独裁权;独裁者职位;
But the truth of the matter is that this is going on. 但事实是打击行动正在进行。
The results are showing: independent monitoring by the World Bank and other organizations show that in many instances the trend is downwards in terms of corruption, and governance is improving . 并且已经初见成效: 世界银行和其他组织独立监察报告称: 腐败现象呈下降趋势, 政府的监管力度有所加强。
independent:adj.独立的; n.无党派议员(或候选人等); World Bank:n.世界银行(向处于困境需要资助的成员国贷款的国际机构); organizations:n.组织,构造,有机体(organization的复数);组织机构; instances:n.相依物体,例子; v.举例说明(instance的第三人称单数形式); trend:n.趋势;动向;趋向;动态;v.走向;趋向; downwards:adv.向下,往下; governance:n.管理;统治;支配; improving:v.改进;改善;(improve的现在分词)
A study by the Economic Commission for Africa showed a clear trend upwards in governance in 28 African countries. 非洲经济委员会的一项研究显示 非洲28个国家的监管力度呈明显的上升趋势。
upwards:adv.向上;在上部;向上游;
And let me say just one more thing before I leave this area of governance. 在我结束监管这个话题时, 我想再说一点:
That is that people talk about corruption, corruption. 人们爱谈论腐败,
All the time when they talk about it you immediately think about Africa. 并且每当他们谈论这个话题时, 你就会立刻想到非洲。
That's the image: African countries. But let me say this: if Alams was able to export eight million dollars into an account in London -- if the other people who had taken money estimated that 这就是非洲国家的形象。但是请听我说: 要是Alams成功地将800万美金存入了伦敦的账户中, 要是有其他人也拿了这么大一笔钱
export:n.出口;[无线电]呼叫;出口货;输出额;v.出口;排出;adj.输出的; estimated:adj.估计的;预计的;估算的;
20 to 40 billion now of developing countries' monies sitting abroad in the developed countries -- if they're able to do this, what is that? Is that not corruption? 那么估计现在就有200至400亿来自发展中国家的钱 被转移到发达国家了,当然前提是这些人能做到这一点 那这算什么？这难道不是腐败么
monies:n.货币;金钱(money的复数形式); abroad:adv.在国外;到海外;adj.往国外的;n.海外;异国;
In this country, if you receive stolen goods, are you not prosecuted? 在这些国家,如果你收受赃物,难道你不会被判刑吗？
So when we talk about this kind of corruption, let us also think about what is happening on the other side of the globe -- where the money's going and what can be done to stop it. 所以当我们再谈论这类腐败事件时,让我们也想一想 地球的另一边正在发生的事。 钱正流向哪里,还有我们能做些什么来阻止这些事情发生。
on the other side:另一面;在另一边;
I'm working on an initiative now, along with the World Bank, on asset recovery , trying to do what we can to get the monies that have been taken abroad -- developing countries' moneys -- to get that sent back. 现在,我正与世界银行合作在资产回收问题上 尝试一种新的方案,我们正在尽全力 把那些已经带到国外的的钱, 也就是发展中国家的钱回收回来。
initiative:n.倡议;主动性;积极性;主动权;adj.起始的; asset:n.资产;优点;有用的东西;有利条件;财产;有价值的人或物; recovery:n.恢复,复原;痊愈;重获;
Because if we can get the 20 billion dollars sitting out there back, it may be far more for some of these countries than all the aid that is being put together . 因为如果我们能够将流散在外的200亿美元回收回来的话, 对某些国家来说, 这比他们得到的所有救助的总和还要多。
put together:..放在一起;组合;装配;
(Applause) （鼓掌）
The second thing I want to talk about is the will for reform . 我想要谈的第二点是改革的决心
reform:v.改革;改进;改良;(使)悔改;n.改革;改良;改善;
Africans, after -- they're tired, we're tired of being the subject of everybody's charity and care. 非洲人,他们厌倦了,我们已经厌倦了 作为所有人帮扶的对象。
charity:n.慈善;施舍;慈善团体;宽容;施舍物;
We are grateful, but we know that we can take charge of our own destinies if we have the will to reform. 我们（对给予我们的帮助）心存感激,但我们知道 如果我们决心改革的话,我们就能掌控自己的命运。
And what is happening in many African countries now is a realization that no one can do it but us. We have to do it. 许多非洲国家已经意识到除了我们自己, 没有人能做成这件事。 我们必须要改革。
realization:n.实现;领悟;
We can invite partners who can support us, but we have to start. 我们可以邀请合作伙伴来帮助我们,但我们一定要开始改革。
We have to reform our economies , change our leadership, become more democratic , be more open to change and to information. 我们必须改革我们的经济体系,变更领导机制, 使我们的国家更民主,更加与时俱进。
economies:n.经济;经济结构;节约;(economy的复数) democratic:adj.民主的;民主政治的;大众的;
And this is what we started to do in one of the largest countries on the continent , Nigeria. 这正是我们,在非洲大陆的其中一个大国, 尼日利亚,已经着手进行的。
continent:n.大陆,洲,陆地;adj.自制的,克制的;
In fact, if you're not in Nigeria, you're not in Africa. 事实上,如果你没到过尼日利亚,你就没到过非洲。
I want to tell you that. 我要告诉你们。
(Laughter) 笑
One in four sub-Saharan Africans is Nigerian, and it has 140 million dynamic people -- chaotic people -- but very interesting people. You'll never be bored . ?的撒哈拉以南的非洲人是尼日利亚人, 尼日利亚拥有140,000,000流动人口-混乱的人群- 但是很有趣的人群。在那里,你永远不会感到无聊。
sub-Saharan:撒哈拉以南地区; dynamic:n.动力; adj.充满活力的; chaotic:adj.混沌的;混乱的,无秩序的; bored:adj.无聊的;厌倦的;烦闷的;v.使厌烦;钻,凿,挖;(bore的过去分词和过去式)
(Laughter) 笑
What we started to do was to realize that we had to take charge and reform ourselves. 我们首先意识到 我们要自己主导改革。
And with the support of a leader who was willing, at the time, to do the reforms , we put forward a comprehensive reform program which we developed ourselves. 这一过程需要得到 一位有改革的决心的领袖的支持 我们提出了一个全面的改革方案 这一方案是由我们自己设计的
reforms:n.改革(reform的复数);v.改革(reform的单数第三人称); put forward:v.提出;拿出;放出;推举出; comprehensive:adj.综合的;广泛的;有理解力的;n.综合学校;专业综合测验;
Not the International Monetary Fund . Not the World Bank, where I worked for 21 years and rose to be a vice president. 不是国际货币基金组织设计的,也不靠世界银行, 我曾经在世行工作了21年,做到了副主席职位。
Monetary:adj.货币的;财政的; Fund:n.基金;资金;存款;v.投资;资助; vice:n.恶习;缺点;[机]老虎钳;卖淫;prep.代替;v.钳住;adj.副的;代替的;
No one can do it for you. You have to do it for yourself. 你不可以假手于人。你一定要自己亲自去做。
We put together a program that would, one: get the state out of businesses it had nothing -- it had no business being in. 在我们提出的方案里,首先要做的是使政府 权力退出企业,政府完全不应该掺杂到商业运作里
The state should not be in the business of producing goods and services because it's inefficient and incompetent . 政府不应参与到 生产产品,提供服务的企业里 因为这样效率低下且不具竞争力。
inefficient:adj.无效率的,效率低的;无能的; incompetent:adj.无能力的,不胜任的;不合适的;不适当的;无力的;n.无能力者;
So we decided to privatize many of our enterprises. 因而我们决定将许多企业私有化。
privatize:vt.使私有化;使归私有;
(Applause) （掌声）
We -- as a result , we decided to liberalize many of our markets. 我们最终决定开放许多市场。
as a result:结果; liberalize:vt.使自由化;宽大;vi.自由化;
Can you believe that prior to this reform -- which started at the end of 2003, when I left Washington to go and take up the post of Finance Minister -- 你一定不会相信,改革之前 也就是在2003年底,在我离开华盛顿 担任本国的财政部长之前,
prior:adj.先前的; n.(小隐修院)院长; v.居先; Finance:n.财政,财政学;金融;v.负担经费,供给…经费; Minister:n.部长;大臣;牧师;vi.执行牧师职务;辅助或伺候某人;
we had a telecommunications company that was only able to develop 4,500 landlines in its entire 30-year history? 我们的一个电信公司在其发展的30年间 仅接通了4500条地上通讯线。
telecommunications:n.电信;电讯; landlines:陆上通信线(landline的复数);
(Laughter) （笑）
Having a telephone in my country was a huge luxury . 在我的家乡拥有一部电话是一件极为奢侈的事。
luxury:n.奢侈,奢华;奢侈品;享受;adj.奢侈的;
You couldn't get it. You had to bribe . 你很难安上电话,你还要为此行贿,
bribe:v.贿赂,收买;n.贿赂;
You had to do everything to get your phone. 你得不惜一切才能安上电话。
When President Obasanjo supported and launched the liberalization of the telecommunications sector , we went from 4,500 landlines to 32 million GSM lines, and counting. 当奥巴桑乔总统支持并实行 开放电信市场后, 我们的4500条地上通讯线变为了3200万条全球移动通讯线路,而且还在增加,
launched:v.发射;发起;开展;开始;(launch的过去式和过去分词) liberalization:n.自由化;自由主义化;放宽限制; sector:n.部门;扇形,扇区;象限仪;函数尺;vt.把…分成扇形;
Nigeria's telecoms market is the second-fastest growing in the world, after China. We are getting investments of about 1 billion dollars a year in telecoms. And nobody knows, except a few smart people. 尼日利亚电信市场的增长速度位居世界第二, 仅次于中国。我们每年在这一电信业投资大约10亿元 而除了少数聪明人外,没人会知道这一事实。
telecoms:n.电信(telecom的复数形式);电信学; investments:n.[经]投资,投资的财产;投资学;(investment的复数)
(Laughter) （笑）
The smartest one first to come in was the MTN company of South Africa. 最明智的一家公司要属 最先进入该市场的南非MTN公司。
And in the three years that I was Finance Minister, they made an average of 360 million dollars profit per year. 在我担任财政部长的三年间, 它们年均盈利3亿6千万美元。
profit:n.利润;利益;v.获利;有益;
360 million in a market -- in a country that is a poor country, with an average per capita income just under 500 dollars per capita. 3亿6千万,这是在一个 人均收入不足500美元的贫困国家实现的。
per capita:adj.每人的;人均的;
So the market is there. 因此,市场是存在的。
When they kept this under wraps , but soon others got to know. 即使他们想把这个市场隐藏起来,别人还是很快就会知道。
wraps:n.外衣; v.包裹;
Nigerians themselves began to develop some wireless telecommunications companies, and three or four others have come in. 尼日利亚人自己也开始创立 一些无线电信公司。 另外还有3,4家外国公司进入了市场
wireless:adj.无线的;无线电的;n.无线电;v.用无线电发送;
But there's a huge market out there, and people don't know about it, or they don't want to know. 但是广阔的市场空间就摆在那里。 而人们对此一无所知,或他们根本不想知道。
So privatization is one of the things we've done. 私有化是我们完成的其中一件事。
privatization:n.私有化;
The other thing we've also done is to manage our finances better. 我们做的另一件事是将我们的财政管理得更好。
Because nobody's going to help you and support you if you're not managing your own finances well. 因为如果你连本国的财政都管理得不好的话, 没人会帮助你,支持你。
And Nigeria, with the oil sector, had the reputation of being corrupt and not managing its own public finances well. 拥有石油业的尼日利亚 就以腐败多发,财政糟糕著称。
So what did we try to do? We introduced a fiscal rule that de-linked our budget from the oil price. 那么我们作了什么尝试呢？我们采用了一项财政规则 即将预算与石油价格脱钩。
fiscal:adj.会计的,财政的;国库的; budget:n.预算,预算费;v.安排,预定;把…编入预算;adj.廉价的;
Before we used to just budget on whatever oil we bring in, because oil is the biggest, most revenue-earning sector in the economy : 70 percent of our revenues come from oil. 在此之前,我们的做法是根据石油能带来的收入调整预算 因为石油是我国最大,最赚钱的产业- 我们70%的收入来自石油。
economy:n.经济;节约;理财; revenues:n.[会计]收入;税收;[会计]收益;营业收入(revenue的复数形式);
We de-linked that, and once we did it we began to budget at a price slightly lower than the oil price and save whatever was above that price. 我们将两者脱钩,开始将预算 设定在稍低于石油价格的水平 而高于该价格的收入就是财政盈余
slightly:adv.些微地,轻微地;纤细地;
We didn't know we could pull it off; it was very controversial . 我们当时并不知道这么做是否会成功,这在当时引起了很大的争议
controversial:adj.有争议的;有争论的;
But what it immediately did was that the volatility that had been present in terms of our economic development -- where, even if oil prices were high, we would grow very fast. 但是我们收到了立竿见影的效果。 曾经在我们的经济发展中所展现的波动性 也就是说,当石油价格高企的时候,我们会发展得很快
volatility:n.[化学]挥发性;易变;活泼;
When they crashed, we crashed. 当石油价格崩溃的时候,我们也会遭殃
And we could hardly even pay anything, any salaries, in the economy. 我们的经济能力甚至可能会无法支付任何东西,任何工资
That smoothened out. We were able to save, just before I left, 27 billion dollars. Whereas -- and this went to our reserves -- when I arrived in 2003, we had seven billion dollars in reserves. 我们的改革缓和了这种波动性。在我离任前,我们的国家 有270亿的盈余,这些盈余都进入了我们的国库。而与之相比 在2003年我上任的时候,我们国家仅有70亿的储备金
Whereas:conj.然而;鉴于;反之; reserves:n.[油气]储量; v.储备;
By the time I left, we had gone up to almost 30 billion dollars. And as we speak now, we have about 40 billion dollars in reserves due to proper management of our finances. 到我离开的时候,我们的储备金上升至将近300亿。 而现在来说,由于对我们的财政的合理管理 我们的国库里有将近400亿的储备金
management:n.管理;管理人员;管理部门;操纵;经营手段;
And that shores up our economy, makes it stable . 这使我们的经济快速、稳定地发展。
stable:n.马厩;牛棚;adj.稳定的;牢固的;坚定的;vi.被关在马厩;赶入马房;
Our exchange rate that used to fluctuate all the time is now fairly stable and being managed, so that business people have a predictability of prices in the economy. 我们那曾经不断波动的汇率 现在相当稳定并且得到了有效管理,这使商人 可以预计经济生活中各种物资的价格
exchange rate:汇率;兑换率; fluctuate:vi.波动;涨落;动摇;vt.使波动;使动摇; fairly:adv.相当地;公平地;简直; predictability:n.可预测性;可预言;
We brought inflation down from 28 percent to about 11 percent. 我们将通胀率从28%降至大约11%
inflation:n.膨胀;通货膨胀;夸张;自命不凡;
And we had GDP grow from an average of 2.3 percent the previous decade to about 6.5 percent now. 我们的国内生产总值增长从过去十年的平均2.3% 上升至现在的6.5%
previous:adj.以前的;早先的;过早的;adv.在先;在…以前;
So all the changes and reforms we were able to make have shown up in results that are measurable in the economy. 可以说我们能做到的所有改变和改革 所带来的成效都通过实质的经济数据显现出来了。
measurable:adj.可测量的;重要的;重大的;
And what is more important, because we want to get away from oil and diversify -- and there are so many opportunities in this one big country, as in many countries in Africa -- 更重要的是,由于我们都希望摆脱对石油的依赖 使我们的经济多元化——正如其他非洲国家一样 ——我们这样的一个大国家充满了机遇
diversify:vt.使多样化,使变化;增加产品种类以扩大;
what was remarkable is that much of this growth came not from the oil sector alone, but from non-oil. 值得注意的是这一经济增长中的很大一部分 并非单纯来自于石油业,而是来自非石油业。
remarkable:adj.卓越的;非凡的;值得注意的;
Agriculture grew at better than 8 percent. 农业的增长高于8%。
As telecoms sector grew, housing and construction , and I could go on and on . And this is to illustrate to you that once you get the macro-economy straightened out, the opportunities in various other sectors are enormous . 同样有增长的还有电信业,房屋及建筑业, 我还可以不断地举例。这就证明了 只要把宏观经济理顺 在各个领域都能发现巨大的商机
construction:n.建设;建筑物;解释;造句; on and on:继续不停地; illustrate:v.解释;加插图于;给(书等)做图表;表明…真实; macro-economy:宏观经济; straightened:v.(使)变直,变正;挺直,端正(身体);(straighten的过去式和过去分词) sectors:n.部门; v.把…划成扇形; enormous:adj.庞大的,巨大的;凶暴的,极恶的;
We have opportunities in agriculture, like I said. 正如我所说的,我们的农业有很多的发展机会
We have opportunities in solid minerals . We have a lot of minerals that no one has even invested in or explored. And we real ized tha t witho ut the p roper legislation to make that possible, 我们的固体矿产也存在商机。我们的矿产资源丰富 但没有人投资或者开采。我们已经意识到 如果没有相应的立法
minerals:n.矿物;矿产,矿产品(mineral的复数);矿物质; legislation:n.立法;法律;
that wouldn't happen. So we've now got a mining code that is comparable with some of the best in the world. 资源是得不到开发的。所以现在我们有一部 可与世界上一些最好的法律相媲美的矿业法
comparable with:可比较的,比得上的;与…相容;可同…比较;
We have opportunities in housing and real estate . 我们的住房和房地产业也充满商机
real estate:n.房地产;不动产;
There was nothing in a country of 140 million people -- no shopping malls as you know them here. 在这个有1400万人口的国家里,什么都没有 正如你所知道的,以前这里没有购物中心
This was an investment opportunity for someone that excited the imagination of people. 这对于被人们的想象力所激发的人来说 是一个投资的机会
imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物;
And now, we have a situation in which the businesses in this mall are doing four times the turnover that they had projected. 现在,在这个购物中心的商家们 都取得了他们预期的四倍的营业额
turnover:n.翻覆;[贸易]营业额;流通量;半圆卷饼;失误;adj.翻过来的;可翻转的;
So, huge things in construction, real estate, mortgage markets. Financial services: we had 89 banks. Too many not doing their real business. 因此可以说,建筑业,房地产 和抵押贷款行业都发生了巨大的变化。现在我们来看看金融服务业: 我们以前有89家银行。很多银行并没有在真正开展业务
mortgage:vt.抵押;n.抵押;房屋抵押贷款;
We consolidated them from 89 to 25 banks by requiring that they increase their capital -- share capital. 我们将89家银行整合至25家。 这是通过要求它们增加资本——股票资本实现的。
consolidated:adj.加固的; v.使加强,使巩固; (consolidate的过去分词和过去式)
And it went from about 25 million dollars to 150 million dollars. 我们对银行的资本要求从原来的2500万上升至1亿5000万
The banks -- these banks are now consolidated, and that strengthening of the banking system has attracted a lot of investment from outside. 这些银行现在已经整合,而银行系统的加强 吸引了很多来自国外的投资。
Barclays Bank of the U.K. is bringing in 500 million. 英国的巴克莱银行准备投资5亿。
Standard Chartered has brought in 140 million. 渣打银行已经投资了1亿4000万。
Standard:n.标准;水准;旗;度量衡标准;adj.标准的;合规格的;公认为优秀的; Chartered:adj.受特许的;v.特许建立(charter的过去分词);
And I can go on. Dollars, on and on, into the system. 我还可以举很多例子。在这里说的都是美元,这些资金都注入到我们的银行系统
We are doing the same with the insurance sector. 我们在保险业也实施了同样的策略
insurance:n.保险;保险业;保险费;保费;adj.胜券在握的;
So in financial services, a great deal of opportunity. 因此,金融服务业也是充满商机的。
a great deal of:大量;
In tourism, in many African countries, a great opportunity. 在很多非洲国家,旅游业也有很多的发展机会。
And that's what many people know East Africa for: the wildlife, the elephants, and so on. 东非的野生动物,大象等等 为很多人所知。
But managing the tourism market in a way that can really benefit the people is very important. 但是用一个可以真正使人们获益的方式 来管理旅游业是非常重要的。
So what am I trying to say? I'm trying to tell you that there's a new wave on the continent. 那么我到底想要表达的是什么呢？我想要告诉大家 在这个大陆上,出现了一股新的风潮。
A new wave of openness and democratization in which, since 2000, more than two-thirds of African countries have had multi-party democratic elections. 自2000年以来,在这股新的民主开放风潮的影响下 超过三分之二的非洲国家举行了 多党派的民主选举。
openness:n.公开;宽阔;率真; democratization:n.民主化; two-thirds:n.三分之二;三分之二的;三分之二地;
Not all of them have been perfect, or will be, but the trend is very clear. 并不是所有的这些选举都是,或将是完美的 但这一趋势很明显。
I'm trying to tell you that since the past three years, the average rate of growth on the continent has moved from about 2.5 percent to about 5 percent per annum . 我想告诉大家的是,从三年前开始 这个大洲的平均增长率已经从每年 2.5%升至约5%
per annum:adv.每年;
This is better than the performance of many OECD countries. 这样的表现比很多经济合作与发展组织的成员国要好
performance:n.性能;表现;业绩;表演;
So it's clear that things are changing. 所以说,这些改变是很明显的。
Conflicts are down on the continent; from about 12 conflicts a decade ago, we are down to three or four conflicts, 区内的冲突在减少 从10年前的12起冲突 下降到现在的3,4起。
Conflicts:n.冲突; v.抵触;
One of the most terrible, of course, of which is Darfur . 当然,其中最严重的是发生在达尔富尔的冲突。
Darfur:n.达尔富尔(苏丹地名);
And, you know, you have the neighborhood effect where if something is going on in one part of the continent, it looks like the entire continent is affected. 而且,大家知道,会有邻里效应,也就是说 如果洲内的某一地区发生了什么事情 似乎整个大洲都会受到影响。
neighborhood:n.附近;地区;街坊;adj.附近的;
But you should know that this continent is not -- is a continent of many countries, not one country. 但大家要知道,这是一个大洲 一个包含了众多国家的大洲,而不是一个国家。
And if we are down to three or four conflicts, it means that there are plenty of opportunities to invest in stable, growing, exciting economies where there's plenty of opportunity. 如果区内的冲突减少至3,4起 那就意味着在那些充满机会的 稳定的,成长中的,令人兴奋的经济领域里 有很多投资的机会。
And I want to just make one point about this investment. 对于这样的投资,我只想说明一点。
The best way to help Africans today is to help them to stand on their own feet. 现在,帮助非洲人的最好的方法 就是帮助他们自己站起来。
And the best way to do that is by helping create jobs. 而要做到这一点,最好的方法就是创造工作岗位。
There's no issue with fighting malaria and putting money in that and saving children's lives. That's not what I'm saying. That is fine. 这并不是说在对抗疟疾和拯救儿童的性命投入是不必的。 这并不是我要说的。这没有任何问题。
issue:n.重要议题;争论的问题;v.宣布;公布;发出;发行;
But imagine the impact on a family: if the parents can be employed and make sure their children go to school, that they can buy the drugs to fight the disease themselves. 但想象一下这对一个家庭的影响:如果父母能够有工作 保证他们的孩子能够上学 他们可以自行购买药物以对抗疾病。?
impact:n.影响;效果;碰撞;冲击力;v.挤入,压紧;撞击;对…产生影响; employed:v.雇用:应用:运用:使用(employ的过去分词和过去式) disease:n.病,[医]疾病;弊病;vt.传染;使…有病;
If we can invest in places where you yourselves make money whilst creating jobs and helping people stand on their own feet, isn't that a wonderful opportunity? Isn't that the way to go? 如果你的投资能够在让你自己赚钱的同时 还能创造工作岗位,帮助人们能够自力更生 难道这不是一个了不起的机会吗？难道不应该这么做吗？
whilst:conj.同时;时时,有时;当…的时候;
And I want to say that some of the best people to invest in on the continent are the women. 同时我还想说的是,在这个大陆上 一些最值得投资的人就是当地的女性。
(Applause) （鼓掌）
I have a CD here. I'm sorry that I didn't say anything on time. 我这里有一张光盘。很抱歉我没有按时完成我的演说。
Otherwise, I would have liked you to have seen this. 否则,我很希望大家能够看一下这里面的内容。
It says, "Africa: Open for Business." 光盘的题目是:“敞开商业大门的非洲”。
And this is a video that has actually won an award as the best documentary of the year. 这是今年赢得了一项 最佳纪录片奖项的录像。
Understand that the woman who made it is going to be in Tanzania, where they're having the session in June. 大家要知道拍这个片子的女士 即将前往坦桑尼亚,他们六月份会在那里开展活动。
session:n.会议;(法庭的)开庭;(议会等的)开会;学期;讲习会;
But it shows you Africans, and particularly African women, who against all odds have developed businesses, some of them world-class . 但这个片子向大家展现了非洲人,尤其是非洲的女性, 他们冲破重重困难建立起自己的事业,其中一些还是世界级的企业。
particularly:adv.特别地,独特地;详细地,具体地;明确地,细致地; against all odds:克服一切困难、出乎所有人的意料而完成某事; world-class:n.世界级;adj.世界级的;
One of the women in this video, Adenike Ogunlesi, making children's clothes -- which she started as a hobby and grew into a business. 片子里的其中一位女性,Adenike Ogunlesi, 她将制作童装——刚开始只当作兴趣的一件事 发展成为一门生意。
Mixing African materials, such as we have, with materials from elsewhere . 她将我们大家都有的一些非洲的原料 与来自其他地方的原料混合在一起。
Mixing:n.混合;混频;录音;v.混合,掺和,融合;调配;配制;相容;(mix的现在分词) elsewhere:adv.在别处;到别处;
So, she'll make a little pair of dungarees with corduroys , with African material mixed in. Very creative designs. 也就是说,她会用灯芯绒做一条工作裤 并将非洲的原料融入其中。非常有创意的设计
dungarees:n.粗布工作服; corduroys:n.(常用复数)灯芯绒裤子;[纺]灯芯绒(corduroy的复数形式); creative:adj.创造性的;
Has reached a stage where she even had an order from Wal-Mart . 她的生意还一度发展到接到沃尔玛的订单
Wal-Mart:n.沃尔玛;
(Laughter) （笑）
For 10,000 pieces. 订单数量是1万条
So that shows you that we have people who are capable of doing. 这向大家证明了,我们也有拥有实干能力的人。
capable:adj.能干的,能胜任的;有才华的;
And the women are diligent : they are focused; they work hard. 而这里的女性都是勤劳,专注,努力工作的。
diligent:adj.勤勉的;用功的,费尽心血的;
I could go on giving examples: 我可以接着举例:
Beatrice Gakuba of Rwanda, who opened up a flower business and is now exporting to the Dutch auction in Amsterdam each morning, and is employing 200 other women and men to work with her. 在卢旺达的Beatrice Gakuba做起了鲜花生意 现在,她的鲜花被出口到荷兰,每天早上在阿姆斯特丹的鲜花市场上被拍卖 她还雇用了200个人跟她一起工作。
exporting:v.出口;输出;传播,输出(思想或活动);(export的现在分词) Dutch auction:n.荷兰式拍卖(把价格逐步降低到有人愿买为止); Amsterdam:n.阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都);阿姆斯特丹(美国纽约东部城市);
However, many of these are starved for capital to expand , because nobody believes outside of our countries that we can do what is necessary. Nobody thinks in terms of a market. 然而,很多这样的人缺乏资金去扩充他们的生意, 因为在我们的国家外,没有人会相信 我们可以做到这些。没有人会从市场的角度来思考。
expand:v.扩张;使膨胀;详述;发展;张开,展开;
Nobody thinks there's opportunity. 没有人会想到这里会有机会。
But I'm standing here saying that those who miss the boat now, will miss it forever. 但我站在这里,就是要告诉那些错过了现在这班船的人 他们以后再也没有这样的机会了。
miss the boat:错失良机;
So if you want to be in Africa, think about investing . 如果你想要到非洲,就考虑一下在这里投资吧。
investing:v.投资;投入(时间、精力等);(invest的现在分词)
Think about the Beatrices, think about the Adenikes of this world, who are doing incredible things that are bringing them into the global economy, whilst at the same time making sure that their fellow men and women are employed, 想想这个世界上像Beatrice,像Adenike的这些人 他们在做着一些不可思议的事情,这些事情将他们 带入到全球经济,与此同时又能保证 他们的同胞有工作;
incredible:adj.难以置信的,惊人的; global:adj.全球的;总体的;球形的; at the same time:同时;另一方面;与此同时;
and that the children in those households get educated because their parents are earning adequate income. 而这些受雇佣的人家里的孩子就能接受教育, 因为他们的父母有足够的收入。
households:n.家庭;拆迁户;家户(household的复数); adequate:adj.充足的;适当的;胜任的;
So I invite you to explore the opportunities. 所以,我邀请大家来发掘这些机会。
When you go to Tanzania, listen carefully, because I'm sure you will hear of the various openings that there will be for you to get involved in something that will do good for the continent, for the people and for yourselves. 当你去坦桑尼亚的时候,请认真聆听 我肯定你会听说那里有各种各样的机会 让你参与到对这个大洲 对这里的人们,对你自己有利的事情中。
involved:adj.有关的; v.涉及; (involve的过去式和过去分词)
Thank you very much. 非常感谢大家。
(Applause) 掌声