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NeriOxman_2015-_在科技和生物交汇处设计_
Two twin domes , two radically opposed design cultures. 两个宛如双胞胎的圆顶建筑, 两种截然相反的设计文化。
domes:n.[建]穹顶;拱形结构;西班牙域名; radically:adv.根本上;彻底地;以激进的方式; opposed:adj.强烈反对; v.反对(计划、政策等); (oppose的过去分词和过去式)
One is made of thousands of steel parts, the other of a single silk thread . 一个由成千上万的钢件制成, 另一个由单一丝线构成。
thread:n.螺纹;线索;思路;脉络;v.穿过;穿(针);纫(针);(使)穿过;
One is synthetic , the other organic . 一个是人工合成的,另一个是有机的。
synthetic:adj.综合的;合成的,人造的;n.合成物; organic:adj.有机的;不使用化肥的;绿色的;有机物的;n.分子有机体;
One is imposed on the environment, the other creates it. 一个被嵌入环境之中, 另一个创造环境。
imposed:adj.强加的;施加的;应用的;v.欺骗(impose的过去分词);把…强加于;
One is designed for nature, the other is designed by her. 一个为自然设计,另一个由自然设计。
Michelangelo said that when he looked at raw marble , he saw a figure struggling to be free. 米开朗琪罗说,当他看着天然的大理石, 他看到跃跃欲出的图案。
Michelangelo:n.米开朗基罗(意大利文艺复兴时期成就卓著的科学家,艺术家); marble:n.大理石;大理石制品;弹珠;adj.大理石的;冷酷无情的;
The chisel was Michelangelo's only tool. 米开朗琪罗唯一的工具是凿子。
chisel:vt.雕,刻;凿;欺骗;vi.雕,刻;凿;欺骗;n.凿子;
But living things are not chiseled . 但自然生物不是凿刻出来的,
chiseled:adj.轮廓分明的;凿刻的;v.镌刻;用凿子刻(chisel的过去分词);
They grow. 它们是生长出来的。
And in our smallest units of life, our cells, we carry all the information that's required for every other cell to function and to replicate . 在我们生命的最小单位——我们的细胞里,包含了 所有其他细胞得以运作和复制的信息。
replicate:vt.复制; vi.重复; adj.复制的; n.复制品;
Tools also have consequences . 工具也带来了一些影响。
consequences:n.后果,结果;影响(consequence的复数);
At least since the Industrial Revolution , the world of design has been dominated by the rigors of manufacturing and mass production. 至少自工业革命以来,我们的设计被 制造业和大规模生产的严格标准所控制。
Industrial Revolution:n.工业革命; dominated:v.支配;控制;左右;影响;(dominate的过去式和过去分词) rigors:n.严格;寒颤;酷烈(rigor的复数); manufacturing:n.制造业;工业;v.制造;生产(manufacture的现在分词); mass:n.块,团; adj.群众的,民众的; v.聚集起来,聚集;
Assembly lines have dictated a world made of parts, framing the imagination of designers and architects who have been trained to think about their objects as assemblies of discrete parts with distinct functions. 装配线主宰了一个由部件构成的世界, 限制了设计师和建筑师的想象力。 他们被训练设计出的作品 都由功能不同的分立部件组装而成。
Assembly:n.装配;集会,集合; dictated:adj.口述的(dictate的过去分词);v.口述(dictate的过去分词); framing:v.给…做框;作伪证陷害;制订;拟订;n.框架;结构;骨骼;(frame的现在分词) imagination:n.想象;想象力;创造力;想象的事物; architects:n.建筑师;设计师;创造者;(architect的复数); assemblies:n.装配;程序集;集会;衣片(assembly的复数形式); discrete:adj.离散的,不连续的;n.分立元件;独立部件; distinct:adj.明显的;独特的;清楚的;有区别的;
But you don't find homogenous material assemblies in nature. 但你不能在自然界中找到同质材料的组合。
homogenous:adj.[生物]同质的;同类的;
Take human skin, for example. 拿我们人类的皮肤来说,
Our facial skins are thin with large pores . 我们的面部皮肤薄,毛孔大。
facial:adj.面部的,表面的;脸的,面部用的;n.美容,美颜;脸部按摩; pores:n.[陶瓷]气孔;毛穴(pore的复数);v.注视;熟读;沉思(pore的第三人称单数);
Our back skins are thicker, with small pores. 我们的背部皮肤厚,毛孔小。
One acts mainly as filter , the other mainly as barrier , and yet it's the same skin: no parts, no assemblies. 一个主要充当过滤器, 一个主要充当屏障。 但它是一张皮肤:没有部件,没有组装。
mainly:adv.大多;大部分;主要地;首要地; filter:n.滤波器;过滤器;滤光器;滤声器;v.过滤;渗入;(用程序)筛选;缓行; barrier:n.屏障;障碍;障碍物;关口;v.用栅围住;
It's a system that gradually varies its functionality by varying elasticity . 这是一个系统,通过改变弹性 逐渐改变它的功能。
gradually:adv.渐渐地;逐步地; varies:n.多重复合;v.使不同;改变;违背(vary的三单形式); functionality:n.功能;[数]泛函性,函数性; varying:adj.不同的;变化的;v.变化,改变(vary的现在分词); elasticity:n.弹性;弹力;灵活性;
So here this is a split screen to represent my split world view , the split personality of every designer and architect operating today between the chisel and the gene , 这里有两个分开的屏幕,代表我不同的世界观, 以及每个设计师和建筑师设计时两种不同的个性: 凿子相对基因,
split screen:n.分画面,多画面; represent:v.代表;表现;描绘;回忆;再赠送; world view:n.世界观; personality:n.性格;个性;人格;魅力;气质;名人;特色; gene:n.基因;遗传基因;遗传因子;
between machine and organism , between assembly and growth, between Henry Ford and Charles Darwin. 机器相对生物体,组装相对生长, 亨利．福特相对查尔斯．达尔文,
organism:n.生物;有机体;有机组织;(尤指)微生物; Ford:n.福特[姓氏];浅滩;v.涉(水);渡河;津渡;
These two worldviews, my left brain and right brain , analysis and synthesis , will play out on the two screens behind me. 这两种世界观,我的左脑和右脑, 分析和综合,等下会在我身后的两个屏幕上显示。
left brain:n.左脑; right brain:n.(人的)右脑(据信用于构思新思想和主管情感); analysis:n.分析;分解;验定; synthesis:n.综合,[化学]合成;综合体;
My work, at its simplest level, is about uniting these two worldviews, moving away from assembly and closer into growth. 我的工作,用最简单的说法, 就是结合这两种世界观。 远离组装, 靠近生长。
uniting:v.(为某事)联合,联手,团结;联合;统一;(unite的现在分词)
You're probably asking yourselves: 各位可能会问自己:
Why now? 为什么是现在？
Why was this not possible 10 or even five years ago? 为什么不是在10年甚至是5年前？
We live in a very special time in history, a rare time, a time when the confluence of four fields is giving designers access to tools we've never had access to before. 我们生活在史上一个特殊的时期, 一个罕见的时期。 在这个时期设计师可以综合运用我们之前从未接触过的 四个领域中的工具去设计。
confluence:n.(河流的)汇合,汇流点;(人或物的)聚集;
These fields are computational design, allowing us to design complex forms with simple code; additive manufacturing, letting us produce parts by adding material rather than carving it out; 这些领域分别是:运算化设计, 增材制造,让我们可以 通过添加材料而不是通过凿刻生产部件;
computational:adj.计算的; complex:adj.复杂的;合成的;n.复合体;综合设施; additive:n.添加剂,添加物;adj.附加的;[数]加法的; carving:n.雕刻品;雕刻图案;雕像;雕刻术;v.雕刻;把(熟肉)切成块;(carve的现在分词)
materials engineering , which lets us design the behavior of materials in high resolution; and synthetic biology , enabling us to design new biological functionality by editing DNA. 材料工程,让我们可以精细地 设计材料行为; 合成生物学 让我们可以通过编辑DNA设计新的生物功能。
engineering:n.工程;工程学;v.密谋策划;设计制造;改变…的基因;(engineer的现在分词) biology:n.(一个地区全部的)生物;生物学; enabling:adj.授权的;v.使能够;授权给(enable的现在分词); biological:adj.生物学的;生物的;与生命过程有关的;加酶的;n.[药]生物制品; editing:v.编辑,校订(文章、书籍等);编选;(edit的现在分词)
And at the intersection of these four fields, my team and I create. 通过综合运用这4个领域, 我的团队和我进行创造。
intersection:n.交叉;十字路口;交集;交叉点;
Please meet the minds and hands of my students. 请看我学生们 通过匠心巧手创造的作品。
We design objects and products and structures and tools across scales , from the large-scale , like this robotic arm with an 80-foot diameter reach with a vehicular base that will one day soon print entire buildings, 我们设计的对象、产品、结构和工具 跨越各种规模。 大的像这个有80英尺直径的机械手臂, 装载在车辆上,它在不远的将来可以打印整栋楼。
structures:n.结构; v.建造(structure的第三人称单数形式); scales:n.规模范围; v.攀登; (scale的第三人称单数和复数) large-scale:adj.大规模的,大范围的;大比例尺的; robotic:adj.机器人的,像机器人的;自动的;n.机器人学; diameter:n.直径;对径;放大率;放大倍数; vehicular:adj.车辆的;作为媒介的;用车辆运载的;
to nanoscale graphics made entirely of genetically engineered microorganisms that glow in the dark. 小的像完全由转基因微生物制成的纳米图案 它在黑暗里会发光。
nanoscale:n.纳米级; graphics:n.[测]制图学;制图法;图表算法; genetically:adv.从遗传学角度;从基因方面; microorganisms:n.[微]微生物,微生虫(microorganism的复数); glow:n.喜悦; v.发热;
Here we've reimagined the mashrabiya, an archetype of ancient Arabic architecture , and created a screen where every aperture is uniquely sized to shape the form of light and heat moving through it. 这里我们重塑了mashrabiya, 阿拉伯古代建筑的原型。 我们创建一个屏幕,屏幕上每个毛孔都有独特的大小, 当光和热穿过它们时可以形成这个图案。
reimagined:重新想象;再回味(reimagine的过去分词) archetype:n.原型; architecture:n.建筑学;建筑风格;建筑式样;架构; aperture:n.孔,穴;(照相机,望远镜等的)光圈,孔径;缝隙; uniquely:adv.独特地;珍奇地;
In our next project, we explore the possibility of creating a cape and skirt -- this was for a Paris fashion show with Iris van Herpen -- like a second skin that are made of a single part, stiff at the contours , flexible around the waist . 在我们的下一个项目中, 我们尝试创造一件披肩和一条裙子—— 这是和Iris van Herpen为巴黎时装展创造的作品。 它像是由单一部件制成的第二层皮肤, 硬朗的轮廓,灵活地缠绕在腰间。
explore:v.探索:探测:探险: cape:n.披肩;披风;短斗篷;地角; fashion show:时装表演,时装秀 Iris:n.[植]鸢尾(花);[解]虹膜;[神]伊利斯;[名]艾丽斯; van:n.厢式货车;客货车;v.选矿;用车搬运; stiff:adj.呆板的; v.僵硬地; n.死尸; v.诈骗; contours:n.轮廓(contour的复数); v.画等高线; flexible:adj.灵活的;柔韧的;易弯曲的; waist:n.腰;腰部;(衣服的)腰部;有…腰身的;
Together with my long-term 3D printing collaborator Stratasys, we 3D-printed this cape and skirt with no seams between the cells, and I'll show more objects like it. 通过和Stratasys 3D打印机的长时间合作, 我们3D打印出的披肩和裙子浑然一体,没有缝线。 我会展示更多类似的作品。
long-term:adj.长期的;从长远来看; collaborator:n.[劳经]合作者;勾结者;通敌者; seams:n.缝合线(seam的复数);缝合处;v.焊接(seam的三单形式);用线缝接;
This helmet combines stiff and soft materials in 20-micron resolution . 这个头盔结合了软硬不同的材质, 具有20微米的精细度,
resolution:n.解决;分辨;解析;决议;
This is the resolution of a human hair. 这是一根头发的精细度,
It's also the resolution of a CT scanner . 也是CT扫描仪的精细度。
scanner:n.[计]扫描仪;扫描器;光电子扫描装置;
That designers have access to such high-resolution analytic and synthetic tools, enables to design products that fit not only the shape of our bodies, but also the physiological makeup of our tissues . 设计师运用 如此高精细度的分析合成工具, 设计出的作品不仅符合我们身体的形状, 还符合我们组织的生理构造。
high-resolution:n.高分辨率; analytic:adj.分析的;解析的;善于分析的; enables:v.使得; (enable的第三人称单数) physiological:adj.生理学的,生理的; makeup:n.化妆品;组成;补充;补考; tissues:n.纸巾,手巾纸;(人、动植物细胞的)组织;(tissue的复数)
Next, we designed an acoustic chair, a chair that would be at once structural , comfortable and would also absorb sound. 接下来,我们设计了一张声学椅子, 它可以快速变型,很舒服 并且可以吸音。
acoustic:adj.声学的;音响的;听觉的;n.原声乐器;不用电传音的乐器; structural:adj.结构的;建筑的; absorb:v.吸收;使并入;吞并;同化;理解;吸收;耗费;承受;
Professor Carter, my collaborator, and I turned to nature for inspiration, and by designing this irregular surface pattern, it becomes sound-absorbent. 卡特教授是我的合作者,我们一起去大自然寻找灵感。 通过设计这个不规则的表面, 使这张椅子可以吸音。
irregular:n.不规则物;不合规格的产品;adj.不规则的;无规律的;非正规的;不合法的;
We printed its surface out of 44 different properties, varying in rigidity , opacity and color, corresponding to pressure points on the human body. 我们打印了44种不同材质的这种表面, 硬度、透明度和颜色都不同, 并且与人体的压力点对应。
rigidity:n.[物]硬度,[力]刚性;严格,刻板;僵化;坚硬; opacity:n.不透明;不传导;暧昧; corresponding:adj.符合的; v.相一致; (correspond的现在分词)
Its surface, as in nature, varies its functionality not by adding another material or another assembly, but by continuously and delicately varying material property. 这个表面,正如自然界的东西,改变功能 不是通过添加其他材料或进行组装, 而是通过持续精细地改变材料属性。
continuously:adv.连续不断地; delicately:adv.微妙地;精致地;优美地;
But is nature ideal? 但大自然是理想的吗？
Are there no parts in nature? 大自然里有没有部件呢？
I wasn't raised in a religious Jewish home, but when I was young, my grandmother used to tell me stories from the Hebrew Bible , and one of them stuck with me and came to define much of what I care about. 我不是生长在一个犹太教的家庭, 但我小的时候, 我的祖母曾经告诉我希伯来圣经的故事。 其中有一个故事我一直记得并且影响了我对很多重要事情的看法。
religious:adj.宗教的;虔诚的;严谨的;修道的;n.修道士;尼姑; Jewish:adj.犹太人的;犹太族的; Hebrew:n.希伯来人,犹太人;希伯来语;adj.希伯来语的;希伯来人的; Bible:n.有权威的书; define:v.定义;使明确;规定;
As she recounts : "On the third day of Creation , God commands the Earth to grow a fruit-bearing fruit tree." 她是这样描述的: “在创世纪的第三天,上帝让地球 长出结实累累的果树。”
recounts:vt.叙述;重新计算;n.重算; Creation:n.创造,创作;创作物,产物;
For this first fruit tree, there was to be no differentiation between trunk, branches, leaves and fruit. 这第一棵果树, 树干,树枝,叶子和果实都没有什么区别,
first fruit:n.(工作、努力的)初步成果; differentiation:n.变异,[生物]分化;区别;
The whole tree was a fruit. 整棵树就是个水果。
Instead, the land grew trees that have bark and stems and flowers. 但从土地里长出来的树却有树皮,茎和花。
bark:n.树皮; v.(狗)吠叫; stems:n.花草的茎或梗; v.阻止; (stem的第三人称单数和复数)
The land created a world made of parts. 土地创造了一个由不同部件组成的世界。
I often ask myself, "What would design be like if objects were made of a single part? 我经常问自己: “如果我们的设计作品都由单一的部件组成将会是怎样？
Would we return to a better state of creation?" 我们会回归到一个更好的创造状态吗？”
So we looked for that biblical material, that fruit-bearing fruit tree kind of material, and we found it. 所以我们开始寻找圣经里的那种材料, 类似于那种果树的材料,然后我们找到了。
biblical:adj.圣经的;依据圣经的(等于biblical);
The second-most abundant biopolymer on the planet is called chitin , and some 100 million tons of it are produced every year by organisms such as shrimps , crabs , scorpions and butterflies. 地球上第二丰富的生物聚合物叫甲壳素。 每年大约1亿吨的甲壳素 由虾、蟹、蝎子和蝴蝶生产出。
abundant:adj.丰富的;充裕的;盛产; biopolymer:n.生物高聚物,[生化]生物聚合物; chitin:n.壳质;几丁质;角素; shrimps:n.基围虾;小虾米(shrimp的复数形式); crabs:n.蟹类;吊钳;脾气坏的人(crab的复数);v.捕蟹;抱怨;侧航(crab的三单形式); scorpions:n.蝎子;蝎形弩(scorpion的复数形式);
We thought if we could tune its properties, we could generate structures that are multifunctional out of a single part. 我们想如果可以调整它的属性, 我们就可以从单一部件中 获得多功能的结构。
tune:n.曲调;和谐;心情;v.调整;使一致;为…调音;调谐; generate:v.产生;引起; multifunctional:adj.多功能的;
So that's what we did. 所以这就是我们所做的。
We called Legal Seafood -- 我们打电话给「合法海鲜」（一间连锁餐厅店名）——
Legal:adj.法律的;合法的;法定的; Seafood:n.海鲜;海味;海产食品;
(Laughter) （笑声）
we ordered a bunch of shrimp shells , we grinded them and we produced chitosan paste . 我们订购了一批虾壳, 把它们磨碎,然后做成甲壳素糊。
a bunch of:一群;一束;一堆; shells:n.壳;壳状物;炮弹;v.炮击;给…去壳(shell的第三人称单数和复数) grinded:vt.磨碎;磨快;vi.磨碎;折磨;n.磨;苦工作; chitosan:n.壳聚糖;脱乙酰几丁质;[有化]脱乙酰壳多糖;聚氨基葡糖; paste:v.粘贴; n.面团; adj.人造的;
By varying chemical concentrations , we were able to achieve a wide array of properties -- from dark, stiff and opaque , to light, soft and transparent . 通过改变化学浓度 我们可以得到许多不同的属性—— 从深色的、硬的和不透明的, 到浅色的,柔软的和透明的。
chemical:n.化学制品,化学药品;adj.化学的; concentrations:n.关注点;[土壤]浓聚物(concentration的复数); array:n.数组,阵列;排列,列阵;大批,一系列;衣服;v.排列,部署;打扮; opaque:adj.不透明的;不传热的;迟钝的;n.不透明物;vt.使不透明;使不反光; transparent:adj.透明的;显然的;坦率的;易懂的;
In order to print the structures in large scale, we built a robotically controlled extrusion system with multiple nozzles . 为了打印大型的结构, 我们设计了一个由机器控制的喷出系统,具有多个喷嘴,
extrusion:n.挤出;推出;赶出;喷出; multiple:adj.数量多的;多种多样的;n.倍数; nozzles:n.[航][机]喷嘴;接管(nozzle的复数);
The robot would vary material properties on the fly and create these 12-foot-long structures made of a single material, 100 percent recyclable . 机器手臂可以在空中改变材料属性, 创造出这些12英尺长的结构,全由单一材料组成, 100%可以回收利用。
on the fly:n.邻近备用设备;即时烧录;真时; recyclable:adj.可回收利用的;可再循环的;
When the parts are ready, they're left to dry and find a form naturally upon contact with air. 当这些部件做好之后,它们自然风干 并通过接触空气自然成型。
naturally:adv.自然地;自然而然地;轻而易举;天生地;大方地; contact:n.接触,联系;v.使接触,联系;
So why are we still designing with plastics? 所以我们何必还用塑料进行设计呢？
The air bubbles that were a byproduct of the printing process were used to contain photosynthetic microorganisms that first appeared on our planet 3.5 billion year ago, as we learned yesterday. 这些气泡是打印过程的副产品, 我们用来容纳光合微生物。 这些微生物在35亿年前第一次在我们的星球上出现, 就如我们昨天学到的那样。
bubbles:n.泡; v.起泡; (bubble的第三人称单数和复数) byproduct:n.副产品; process:v.处理;加工;列队行进;n.过程,进行;方法,adj.经过特殊加工(或处理)的; photosynthetic:adj.[生化]光合的;光合作用的;
Together with our collaborators at Harvard and MIT, we embedded bacteria that were genetically engineered to rapidly capture carbon from the atmosphere and convert it into sugar. 通过我们与哈佛和麻省理工学院的合作, 我们植入基因改造过的细菌。 这些细菌能迅速捕获空气中的碳, 并将其转化为糖。
collaborators:n.[劳经]合作者;投敌者(collaborator的复数); Harvard:n.哈佛大学;哈佛大学学生; embedded:adj.嵌入式的;植入的;内含的;v.嵌入(embed的过去式和过去分词形式); bacteria:n.[微]细菌; capture:v.俘虏;捕获;攻占;夺得;刻画,描述;n.(被)捕获;(被)俘获 carbon:n.[化学]碳;碳棒;复写纸;adj.碳的;碳处理的; atmosphere:n.大气;气氛;气压;风格; convert:v.转换; n.改变宗教(或信仰、观点)的人;
For the first time, we were able to generate structures that would seamlessly transition from beam to mesh , and if scaled even larger, to windows. 这是第一次, 我们可以无缝地 将梁状结构转变成网状结构, 甚至再大一些,可以变成窗户,
seamlessly:adv.无缝地; transition:n.过渡;转变;变革;变迁;v.经历转变过程;过渡; beam:n.光线; v.发射(电波); mesh:n.网格;网状物;陷阱;困境;圈套;v.(使)吻合,相配,匹配,适合; scaled:adj.有鳞的; v.刮去鳞片;
A fruit-bearing fruit tree. 或者是一棵果树。
Working with an ancient material, one of the first lifeforms on the planet, plenty of water and a little bit of synthetic biology, we were able to transform a structure made of shrimp shells into an architecture that behaves like a tree. 通过使用一种古老的材料, 地球上最早的生命形式之一, 足够的水以及一点点合成生物学, 我们可以将一个虾壳的结构转变成 一个像树一样生长的建筑。
transform:v.使改变;使改观;使转换;n.[数]变换式;[化]反式; behaves:v.表现;表现得体;有礼貌;(behave的第三人称单数)
And here's the best part: for objects designed to biodegrade , put them in the sea, and they will nourish marine life; place them in soil, and they will help grow a tree. 最棒的一点是: 它们是可以生物降解的, 把它们放入大海,他们可以滋养海洋生物, 将它们放入土壤,它们可以帮助树木生长。
biodegrade:vt.生物递降分解;vi.进行生物降解; nourish:vt.滋养;怀有;使健壮; marine:adj.海的;海产的;海生的;海船的;n.(尤指美国或英国皇家)海军陆战队士兵;
The setting for our next exploration using the same design principles was the solar system . 在使用同样的设计原则的前提下, 我们的下一个探索目标是太阳系统。
exploration:n.探索;勘探;探险;[医]探查术; principles:n.原则;主义;本质;政策;(principle的复数) solar system:[天]太阳系;
We looked for the possibility of creating life-sustaining clothing for interplanetary voyages . 我们尝试探索为星际航行 制造维持生命的服装。
life-sustaining:维持生命的; interplanetary:adj.太阳系内的;行星间的; voyages:n.[水运]航海(voyage的复数); v.航行;
To do that, we needed to contain bacteria and be able to control their flow. 要做到这一点,我们要控制细菌并控制它们的生长趋势。
So like the periodic table , we came up with our own table of the elements : new lifeforms that were computationally grown, additively manufactured and biologically augmented . 正如元素周期表那样,我们想出自己的元素表: 运算培养的新生命形态, 增材制造的新生命形态, 以及生物增长的新生命形态。
periodic table:n.元素周期表; elements:n.要素;基本部分;少量;一群;(element的复数) computationally:adv.computational(adj.计算的;计算机的)的变形; manufactured:adj.制造的,已制成的;v.制造,加工(manufacture的过去式); biologically:adv.生物学上,生物学地; augmented:adj.增广的;增音的;扩张的;
I like to think of synthetic biology as liquid alchemy , only instead of transmuting precious metals, you're synthesizing new biological functionality inside very small channels. 我喜欢把合成生物技术想成液体炼金术, 只是你不是炼化贵重金属, 而是在非常小的管道里合成新的生物功能。
alchemy:n.点金术;魔力; precious:adj.宝贵的;珍贵的;矫揉造作的; synthesizing:v.合成;(音响)合成;综合;(synthesize的现在分词)
It's called microfluidics. 这称为微流体。
We 3D-printed our own channels in order to control the flow of these liquid bacterial cultures. 我们3D打印了我们自己的管道, 以控制这些液体细菌的生长趋势。
bacterial:adj.[微]细菌的;
In our first piece of clothing, we combined two microorganisms. 在我们的第一件衣服中,我们结合了两种微生物。
The first is cyanobacteria . 第一种是蓝藻,
cyanobacteria:n.蓝藻细菌;
It lives in our oceans and in freshwater ponds . 它生活在我们的海洋以及谈水塘中。
freshwater:adj.淡水的;无经验的;n.淡水;内河;湖水; ponds:n.[水文]池塘(pond的复数);v.堵成池;筑成池塘(pond的三单形式);
And the second, E. coli , the bacterium that inhabits the human gut . 第二个是大肠杆菌,这种细菌居住在人类的肠道中。
coli:n.大肠杆菌; bacterium:n.[微]细菌;杆菌属; inhabits:v.居住在;栖居于;(inhabit的第三人称单数) gut:n.勇气;肠道;内脏;v.损毁内部;取出…的内脏;adj.非理性的;本能的
One converts light into sugar, the other consumes that sugar and produces biofuels useful for the built environment. 蓝藻将光转变成糖,大肠杆菌消耗那些糖, 并生产出对保护环境有用的生物燃料。
converts:vt.使转变; vi.转变,变换; n.皈依者; consumes:v.消耗,耗费;吃;喝;饮;使充满(强烈的感情);(consume的第三人称单数) biofuels:n.[能源]生物燃料;生质燃料;生质能源(biofuel的复数形式);
Now, these two microorganisms never interact in nature. 这两种细菌在自然界中从未有过互动,
interact:v.互相影响;互相作用;n.幕间剧;幕间休息;
In fact, they never met each other. 事实上,它们从未相遇。
They've been here, engineered for the first time, to have a relationship inside a piece of clothing. 它们在这里第一次被设计到一起, 在一件衣服里产生了联系。
Think of it as evolution not by natural selection , but evolution by design. 它不是自然选择的产物, 而是设计的产物。
natural selection:n.自然选择;物竞天择;
In order to contain these relationships, we've created a single channel that resembles the digestive tract , that will help flow these bacteria and alter their function along the way. 为了控制这些关系, 我们创建了一条类似于消化道的单管道。 这可以帮助这些细菌生长并沿途改变它的功能,
resembles:v.看起来像:显得像:像(resemble的第三人称单数) digestive:adj.消化的;助消化的;n.助消化药; tract:n.束;地带;小册子;大片土地; alter:v.更改;修改(衣服使更合身);
We then started growing these channels on the human body, varying material properties according to the desired functionality. 然后我们开始在人体上种植这种通道, 根据想要的功能改变材料的属性。
according to:根据,据说;
Where we wanted more photosynthesis , we would design more transparent channels. 在我们需要更多光合作用的地方,我们就设计更多的透明管道。
photosynthesis:n.光合作用;
This wearable digestive system , when it's stretched end to end, spans 60 meters. 这是可以穿戴的消化系统,如果将它从头到尾伸展开来, 大约有60米,
wearable:adj.可穿用的,可佩带的;耐用的;n.衣服; digestive system:n.消化系统; stretched:v.拉长;撑大;有弹性(或弹力);拉紧;(stretch的过去式和过去分词) spans:n.[建]跨度;一段时间(span的复数);v.跨越;持续;贯穿(span的第三人称单数);
This is half the length of a football field, and 10 times as long as our small intestines . 这是半个足球场的长度, 是我们小肠长度的十倍。
as long as:conj.只要;长达;如果;既然; intestines:n.[解剖]肠(intestine的复数);内脏;下水;
And here it is for the first time unveiled at TED -- our first photosynthetic wearable, liquid channels glowing with life inside a wearable clothing. 在TED大会上我们首次展示—— 我们第一件会自行生长、 可行光合作用、有生命的液体管道服饰。
unveiled:adj.裸露的;公布于众的;v.公开(unveile的过去分词);原形毕露; glowing:adj.灼热的;热情洋溢的;鲜艳的;v.发光;容光焕发;发热;(glow的现在分词)
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you. 谢谢。
Mary Shelley said, "We are unfashioned creatures , but only half made up." 玛丽.雪莱曾说:“我们是未成形的生物,只被完成了一半”
creatures:n.生物;动物;(具有某种特征的)人(creature的复数)
What if design could provide that other half ? 那么如果设计可以提供另一半呢？
What if:如果…怎么办? other half:n.另一半(指配偶或男友,女友);
What if we could create structures that would augment living matter? 如果我们可以创造出一种能扩充生物组织的结构呢？
What if we could create personal microbiomes that would scan our skins, repair damaged tissue and sustain our bodies? 如果我们可以创造私人的微生物群 能扫描我们皮肤,修复损伤的组织 以及维持我们身体运作呢？
microbiomes:微生物基因组;微生物聚落基因组;热泉微生物组 repair:v.修理;修补;修缮;补救;n.修理;修补;修缮;
Think of this as a form of edited biology. 让我们把它想成生物编辑的形态。
edited:v.编辑,校订;编选;编集;(edit的过去分词和过去式)
This entire collection, Wanderers , that was named after planets, was not to me really about fashion per se , but it provided an opportunity to speculate about the future of our race on our planet and beyond, to combine scientific insight with lots of mystery and to move away from the age of the machine to a new age of symbiosis between our bodies, the microorganisms that we inhabit, our products and even our buildings. 这整套称为【漫游者】的以各行星命名的系列服饰, 对我来说并不只是时尚本身, 它还提供了一个机会, 让我们想象人类在地球甚至地球以外的未来。 以及进一步地将科学视角和很多神秘事物结合。 远离机器的时代, 进入一个新时代,让我们的身体, 我们身边的微生物, 我们的产品甚至我们的建筑可以共生。
Wanderers:n.流浪者(wanderer的复数形式); per se:adv.本身;本质上; provided:conj.假如; v.提供; (provide的过去分词和过去式) speculate:v.推测;猜测;推断;投机;做投机买卖; scientific:adj.科学的,系统的; insight:n.洞察力;洞悉; symbiosis:n.[生态]共生;合作关系;共栖;
I call this material ecology. 我将此称为材料生态系统。
To do this, we always need to return back to nature. 要做到这一点,我们永远要回归到自然。
By now, you know that a 3D printer prints material in layers . 目前为止,你知道3D打印机是一层层地打印材料的,
layers:n.层;表层;层次;阶层;v.把…分层堆放;(layer的第三人称单数和复数)
You also know that nature doesn't. 你也知道自然并非如此。
It grows. It adds with sophistication . 自然生物生长,用非常复杂的方式。
sophistication:n.复杂;诡辩;老于世故;有教养;
This silkworm cocoon , for example, creates a highly sophisticated architecture, a home inside which to metamorphisize. 比如这个蚕茧, 一个高度复杂的结构, 一个蚕在里面羽化的家。
silkworm:n.蚕,桑蚕; cocoon:n.茧;卵囊;vt.把…紧紧包住; highly:adv.高度地;非常;非常赞许地; sophisticated:adj.复杂的;老练的;见多识广的;水平高的;
No additive manufacturing today gets even close to this level of sophistication. 今天没有任何增材制造可以做到这种复杂的水平。
It does so by combining not two materials, but two proteins in different concentrations. 这个蚕茧不是由两种材料组成, 而是由不同浓度的两种蛋白组成。
proteins:n.[生化]蛋白质(protein复数);
One acts as the structure, the other is the glue , or the matrix , holding those fibers together. 一种做蚕茧的结构,另一种充当粘合剂或是基质, 然后可以将这些纤维聚到一起,
glue:n.胶;胶水;v.粘贴; matrix:n.[数]矩阵;模型;[生物][地质]基质;母体;子宫;[地质]脉石; fibers:n.纤维(fiber的复数);
And this happens across scales. 它的规模可大可小。
The silkworm first attaches itself to the environment -- it creates a tensile structure -- and it then starts spinning a compressive cocoon. 这个蚕开始时将它自己附在环境上—— 创建一个有张力的结构—— 然后它开始编织一个抗压的茧。
attaches:n.连接物; v.附加; tensile:adj.[力]拉力的;可伸长的;可拉长的; spinning:n.纺纱(手艺):纺线v.(使)旋转:纺线:纺纱;(spin的现在分词) compressive:adj.压缩的;有压缩力的;
Tension and compression , the two forces of life, manifested in a single material. 张力和压力,生命的两种力量, 体现在一种材料中。
Tension:n.张力;拉伸;矛盾;紧张局势(或关系,状况);v.绷紧; compression:n.压缩,浓缩;压榨,压迫; manifested:adj.证明的;已显示的;显然的;v.显示;证明(manifest的过去分词);
In order to better understand how this complex process works, we glued a tiny earth magnet to the head of a silkworm, to the spinneret . 为了更好地了解这个复杂的工程是如何运作的。 我们将一个小的磁铁 粘到蚕的头部,也就是吐丝头处。
glued:v.(用胶水)粘合,粘牢,粘贴(glue的过去分词和过去式) magnet:n.磁体;磁铁;磁石;吸铁石; spinneret:n.[纺]喷丝头;[昆]吐丝器;
We placed it inside a box with magnetic sensors , and that allowed us to create this 3-dimensional point cloud and visualize the complex architecture of the silkworm cocoon. 我们将它放到有磁感应头的盒子里, 这样我们就可以绘制三维点云图像, 并且能观察到蚕茧的复杂构造。
magnetic:adj.像磁铁的;有磁性的;磁的;富有吸引力的; sensors:n.[自]传感器,感应器;感测器(sensor的复数); visualize:vt.形象,形象化;想像,设想;vi.显现;
However, when we placed the silkworm on a flat patch , not inside a box, we realized it would spin a flat cocoon and it would still healthily metamorphisize. 然而当我们将它放在平板上, 而不是盒子里时, 我们发现它会编织一个平面的茧, 并且它仍然能健康地羽化。
patch:n.补丁;小片;眼罩;色斑;v.修补;打补丁;缝补; healthily:adv.健康地;
So we started designing different environments, different scaffolds , and we discovered that the shape, the composition , the structure of the cocoon, was directly informed by the environment. 所以我们开始设计不同的环境,不同的支架, 我们发现这些茧的形状、成分、结构 都是直接受环境影响的。
scaffolds:n.支架;[建]脚手架;绞刑台(scaffold的复数); composition:n.成分;作文;构成;创作; directly:adv.直接地;立即;马上;正好地;坦率地;conj.一…就; informed:adj.见多识广的; v.通知; (inform的过去分词和过去式)
Silkworms are often boiled to death inside their cocoons , their silk unraveled and used in the textile industry. 蚕通常在茧里被煮沸而死, 它们的蚕丝被解开用在纺织工业中。
Silkworms:n.蚕,桑蚕; cocoons:蚕茧; unraveled:vt.解开;阐明;解决;拆散;vi.解决;散开; textile:n.纺织品;纺织业;
We realized that designing these templates allowed us to give shape to raw silk without boiling a single cocoon. 我们意识到设计这些模板可以让我们塑造原始蚕丝的形状, 不用煮沸任何一个茧。
templates:n.模板;范本(template的复数);属性单元;
(Applause) （掌声）
They would healthily metamorphisize, and we would be able to create these things. 它们还能健康地羽化, 而我们能创造这样的衣服。
So we scaled this process up to architectural scale. 我们将这个过程扩大到建筑规模。
architectural:adj.建筑学的;建筑上的;符合建筑法的;
We had a robot spin the template out of silk, and we placed it on our site . 我们有一个机器人用丝线编织了一个模板, 然后我们将它放到我们的工作场地。
site:n.地点;位置;场所;v.设置;为…选址;
We knew silkworms migrated toward darker and colder areas, so we used a sun path diagram to reveal the distribution of light and heat on our structure. 我们知道蚕喜欢迁移到黑暗和寒冷的地方, 所以我们用阳光路径图在这个结构上 显示光和热的分布。
migrated:v.(随季节变化)迁徙;移居;迁移;移动;转移;(migrate的过去分词和过去式) reveal:v.显示;透露;揭露;泄露;n.揭露;暴露;门侧,窗侧; distribution:n.分布;分配;分发;分销;
We then created holes, or apertures , that would lock in the rays of light and heat, distributing those silkworms on the structure. 然后我们创建了一些孔,或者说是孔径 锁定光和热的射线, 决定蚕在这个结构上的分布。
apertures:n.孔径;(照相机的)光圈;隙缝;(摄)光圈;(aperture的复数) distributing:v.分发;分配;分销;使散开;使分布;分散;(distribute的现在分词)
We were ready to receive the caterpillars . 我们准备好接收毛毛虫。
caterpillars:n.毛毛虫(caterpillar的复数);
We ordered 6,500 silkworms from an online silk farm. 我们从网上蚕丝农场订到6500只蚕,
And after four weeks of feeding, they were ready to spin with us. 喂养4周之后,它们开始为我们吐丝。
We placed them carefully at the bottom rim of the scaffold, and as they spin they pupate , they mate , they lay eggs, and life begins all over again -- just like us but much, much shorter. 我们将它们小心翼翼地放在支架的底部边缘, 它们在那里吐丝、羽化、交配、产卵, 然后重新开始新生命——就像我们人类一样,但是过程短得多。
pupate:vi.化蛹; mate:n.助手,大副; v.使配对;
Bucky Fuller said that tension is the great integrity , and he was right. 巴基．富勒说张力有十足的完整性, 他是对的。
Bucky:n.硬脆性; integrity:n.完整;正直;诚实;廉正;
As they spin biological silk over robotically spun silk, they give this entire pavilion its integrity. 当它们在机器纺织的丝线上进行生物纺织时, 它们让整个建筑完整无缺。
spun:adj.纺成的;v.纺(spin的过去分词);旋转; pavilion:n.阁;亭子;大帐篷;展示馆;vt.搭帐篷;置…于亭中;笼罩;
And over two to three weeks, 6,500 silkworms spin 6,500 kilometers. 在经过两到三周时间后, 6500只蚕纺织了6500公里的丝线,
In a curious symmetry , this is also the length of the Silk Road. 巧合的是,这也是丝绸之路的长度。
curious:adj.好奇的,有求知欲的;古怪的;爱挑剔的; symmetry:n.对称(性);整齐,匀称;
The moths , after they hatch , produce 1.5 million eggs. 这些蛾在孵化后,生产了150万颗蛋,
moths:n.飞蛾,蛾(moth的复数); hatch:n.孵化;舱口;v.孵;策划;孵化;
This could be used for 250 additional pavilions for the future. 这些蛋以后可以用来创造另外250个临时建筑物。
additional:adj.附加的,额外的; pavilions:n.楼阁; v.搭帐篷(pavilion的三单形式);
So here they are, the two worldviews. 这里是两种世界观,
One spins silk out of a robotic arm, the other fills in the gaps . 一个通过机器臂膀编织丝线, 另一个填补其中的缝隙。
spins:n.[物]旋转; v.[物]旋转(spin的三单形式); gaps:n.差异,缺口;缝隙(gap的复数形式);v.裂开;使豁裂(gap的第三人称单数形式);
If the final frontier of design is to breathe life into the products and the buildings around us, to form a two-material ecology, then designers must unite these two worldviews. 如果设计的最终边界是 在我们周边的产品或建筑中注入生命, 形成双材料的生态, 那么设计师必须结合这两种世界观。
unite:v.联合;团结;统一;n.由奈特;
Which brings us back, of course, to the beginning. 当然,这让我们回到生命的起点。
Here's to a new age of design, a new age of creation, that takes us from a nature-inspired design to a design-inspired nature, and that demands of us for the first time that we mother nature . 这是设计的新时代、创造的新时代, 将我们从启发于大自然的设计, 带到由设计唤醒的大自然。 而这将首次要求我们 孕育大自然。
nature-inspired:自然启发; mother nature:n.大自然;自然界;
Thank you. 谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）
Thank you very much. Thank you. 非常感谢,谢谢。
(Applause) （掌声）